CHUYN 1: CU TO NGUYN T BNG TUN HON CC NGUYN T HA HC LIN KT HA HC

Cu 1. Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l 3s23p6. V tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l: A. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II). B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 3, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II). C. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II). D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t 20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II). Cu 2. Cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ho hc, nguyn t X thuc. A. chu k 3, nhm VIB. B. chu k 4, nhm VIIIB. C. chu k 4, nhm IIA. D. chu k 4, nhm VIIIA. Cu 3. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p. Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron lp ngoi cng. Nguyn t X v Y c s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l A. kh him v kim loi. kh him. B. kim loi v kim loi. C. phi kim v kim loi. D. kim loi v

Cu 4. Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th. A. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn. C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn. B. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn t gim dn. D. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn t tng dn.

Cu 5. Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z = 19). m in ca cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t. A. R < M < X < Y. B. M < X < R < Y. C. Y < M < X < R. D. M < X < Y < R. Cu 6. Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c xp theo th t tng dn t tri sang phi l A. F, Li, O, Na. B. F, Na, O, Li. C. Li, Na, O, F. D. F, O, Li, Na.

Cu 7. Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy gm cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l: A. K, Mg, N, Si. B. Mg, K, Si, N. C. K, Mg, Si, N. D. N, Si, Mg, K.

Cu 8. Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang phi l: A. P, N, O, F. B. P, N, F, O. C. N, P, F, O. D. N, P, O, F.

Cu 9. Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l

A. NH4Cl.

B. HCl.

C. NH3.

D. H2O.

Cu 10. Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l: A. HCl, O3, H2S. B. H2O, HF, H2S. C. O2, H2O, NH3. D. HF, Cl2, H2O.

Cu 11. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p63s23p64s1, nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p5. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y thuc loi lin kt. A. cho nhn. B. kim loi. C. cng ho tr. D. ion.

Cu 12. Pht biu no sau y l ng ? A. th rn, NaCl tn ti di dng tinh th phn t. B. Photpho trng c cu trc tinh th nguyn t. C. Kim cng c cu trc tinh th phn t. D. Nc thuc loi tinh th phn t.

Cu 13. Dy gm cc ion X+, Y- v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l: A. K+, Cl-, Ar. B. Na+, F-, Ne. C. Na+, Cl-, Ar. D. Li+, F-, Ne.

B. Bi tp Dng 1: Xc nh s hiu nguyn t , cu hnh e v s ht trong nguyn t Cu 1. Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52 v c s khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X l A. 17. B. 15. C. 23. D. 18.

Cu 2. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S ht mang in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8 ht. Cc nguyn t X v Y ln lt l (bit s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t: Na = 11; Al = 13; P = 15; Cl = 17; Fe = 26). A. Al v P. B. Fe v Cl. C. Al v Cl. D. Na v Cl.

Cu 3. Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l A. NaF. B. AlN. C. MgO. D. LiF.

Cu 4. HC A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2- .Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 164 .Tng s cc ht mang in trong ion M+ ln hn tng s ht mang in trong ion X2- l 6 .Trong nguyn t M , s ht proton t hn s ht ntron l 1 ht , trong nguyn t X s ht proton bng s ht ntron . M v X l A. K v O B. Na v S C. Li v S D. K v S

Cu 5. Tng s ht proton, ntron , electron trong hai nguyn t ca nguyn t X v Y l 96 trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 32 . S ht mang in ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn ca X l 16. X v Y ln lt l A. Mg v Ca B. Be v Mg C. Ca v Sr D. Na v Ca

Dng 2: bi tp v ng v Cu 6. Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l

63 29 65 Cu v 29 Cu . Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca ng 65

l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca ng v 29 Cu l A. 73%. B. 54%. C. 50. D. 27%.

Cu 7. Trong t nhin Cu c hai ng v 63Cu v 65Cu , trong ng v 65Cu chim 27% v s nguyn t .Phn trm KL ca 63Cu trong Cu2O l gi tr no di y ? A. 64,29% B. 32,15 C. 33,33 D. 63

Cu 8.a Nguyn t Cl trong t nhin l mt hh gm hai ng v 35Cl(75%) v 37Cl (25%) .Phn trm v KL ca 35Cl trong mui kaliclorat KClO3 l

A. 21,4%

B. 72,4%

C. 24,7%

D. 4,72%

Dng 3 :Da vo ha tr ca nguyn t vi hiro v oxi Cu 8.b Cng thc phn t ca hp cht kh to bi nguyn t R v hiro l RH3. Trong oxit m R c ho tr cao nht th oxi chim 74,07% v khi lng. Nguyn t R l A. As. B. S. C. N. D. P.

2 4 Cu 9. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns np . Trong hp cht kh ca nguyn t X vi hiro, X chim 94,12% khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca nguyn t X trong oxit cao nht l

A. 40,00%.

B. 50,00%.

C. 27,27%.

D. 60,00%.

Cu 10. Nguyn t to HC kh vi hiro c CT RH3 . Trong oxit cao nht ca R , nguyn t oxi chim 74,07% khi lng .Xc nh nguyn t : A.Nit B. Phtpho C. Silic D. Asen

Cu 11 Nguyn t R thuc nhm VIA trong bng HTTH trong hp cht ca R vi H (khng c thm nguyn t khc) c 5,882% hiro v khi lng .R l nguyn t no di y ? Cu 12 Nguyn t R c ha tr cao nht vi oxi l a v ha tr trong hp cht kh vi hiro l a .Cho 8,8 g oxit cao nht ca R tc dng hon ton vi dd NaOH thu c 21,2 g mt mui trung ha .Vy R l Cu 13 X , Y l hai cht kh , X c CT AOx trong oxi chim 60% khi lng . Y c CT BHn trong mH : mB = 1 : 3 .T khi hi ca Y so vi X bng 0,2 .Vy A v B l Cu 14. T l khi lng phn t gia HC kh vi hiro ca nguyn t R vi oxit cao nht ca n l 17 : 40 . Gi tr nguyn t khi ca R l ? Cu 15. C hai kh A v B , A l HC ca nguyn t X vi oxi , B l HC ca nguyn t Y vi hiro .Trong mt phn t A hay B ch c mt nguyn t X hay Y .Trong A oxi chim 50% , trong B hiro chim 25% v KL .X v Y l

Cu 16 Nguyn t R c HC vi hiro l H2R2O7 .Trong HC oxit cao nht ca R th R chim 52% KL . Cu hnh electron ca R l Cu 17. Nguyn t X c oxit cao nht c t khi hi so vi hiro l 91,5 . Vy X l Cu 18. Mt nguyn t c oxit cao nht l R2O7 , nguyn t ny to vi hiro mt cht kh trong hidro chim 0,78% v khi lng .Cu hnh lp ngoi cng ca R l Dng 4: Da vo v tr trong bng tun hon Cu 1. Hai nguyn t A,B hai nhm k tip nhau trong bng HTTH , tng s proton trong hai nguyn t A,B bng 19 .Bit A,B to c HC X trong tng s proton bng 70 . Tm CTPT ca X Cu 2 X v Y l nguyn t hai phn nm chnh k tip nhau c tng in tch dng bng 23 . k thng chng tc dng c vi nhau .X v Y l Cu 3. X v Y l hai nguyn t cng thuc mt phn nhm chnh thuc hai chu k k tip nhau ca bng HTTH .Tng s proton trong ht nhn ca hai nguyn t bng 58 . S hiu nguyn t ca X v Y ln lt l Cu 4. A v B l hai nguyn t hai nhm k tip thuc hai chu k lin tip trong bng HTTH .Tng s proton trong ht nhn nguyn t ca A v B l 31 .in tch ca hai nguyn t A v B l Cu 5. HC X c dng A2B5 tng s ht trong phn t l 70 .Trong thnh phn ca B s proton bng s ntron , A thuc chu k 3 ca bng HTTH . A, B ? Cu 6. X v Y l hai nguyn t hai phn nhm chnh k tip nhau c tng in tch dng bng 23 . X v Y l Cu 7. X v Y l hai nguyn t hai phn nhm chnh k tip nhau c tng in tch dng bng 23.Trong HC vi oxi Y c ha tr cao nht .X v Y l Cu 8 HC c CT MAx trong M chim 46,67% v KL .M l KL , A l PK thuc chu k III .Trong ht nhn ca M c n-p=4 .Trong ht nhn ca A c n=p .Tng s proton trong MAx l 58 .Hai nguyn t M v A l ? Cu 9 Tng s ht proton , ntron , electron trong phn t MX3 l 196 , trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 60 . Khi lng nguyn t ca X ln hn ca M l 8 . Tng s ht (p,n,e) trong Xnhiu hn trong M3+ l 16 . Vy M v X ln lt l Cu 10: Hp cht X c khi lng phn t l 76 v to bi 2 nguyn t A v B. A,B c s oxiho cao nht l +a,+b v c s oxiho m l -x,-y; tho mn iu kin: a=x, b=3y. Bit rng trong X th A c s oxiha l +a. Cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng ca B v cng thc phn t ca X tng ng l A. 2s22p4 v NiO. B. CS2 v 3s23p4. C. 3s23p4 v SO3. D. 3s23p4 v CS2.

Cu 11: Hp cht Z c to bi hai nguyn t M v R c cng thc MaRb trong R chim 20/3 (%) v khi lng. Bit rng tng s ht proton trong phn t Z bng 84. Cng thc phn t ca Z l A. Al2O3. B. Cu2O. C. AsCl3. D. Fe3C.

P N

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8A 8B 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 1 2

A B C D D D C A A B D D B A C A A A D A B C A A S (Lu hunh) C S&C 32 S&C 5 1 [Ar]3d 4s Cl 5s25p5 Al4C3 P v O

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

20 v 38 11 v 20 A l P, B l O Na,Mg hoc O,P hoc N,S N,S Fe v S Al v Cl