Cn phn bit dB, dBm, dBw dBd, dBi, dBc

Mnh thy bi vit ny kh hay nn cng khng vit li lm g: 1. dBm, dBw dBm l n v cng sut thun ty (khng so snh). Cch tnh 1dBm=10log(PmW/1mW) V d: Cng sut pht ca thit b l 10W, biu din dng dBm l 10lg(10000/1)=40dBm. Tng t, dBW cng l n v cng sut thun ty, nhng c chuyn i t W sang. Vd: 1W > 10lg(1) = 0dBW; 2W = 3dBW. 2. dBi, dBd dBi v dBd u l cc n v biu din li cng sut (power gain) ca antenna, nhng c tham chiu khc nhau.

dBm l decibell tnh so vi mt miliwatt, cn c gn l [di-bi-em]

Tng t vy, dBi c l [di-bi-ai], l tng ch (hay li) ca mt ng-ten so vi ng-ten ng hng (isotropic).

dBd, c l [di-bi-di], l tng ch ca mt ng-ten so vi mt ng-ten lng cc (ch d sau dB y l vit tt ca t dipole, ngha l ng-ten lng cc) na sng (half wave dipole).

C dBi ln dBd u cng ch li (G) ca ng-ten, vn l so vi ng-ten no, ng hng hay lng cc na sng. 0dBd = 2.15dBi G [dBi] = G [dBd] + 2.15 [dB] Anten 3G (UMTS) thng c li khong 18dBi (dual: 2 x 18dBi) Vi dBi th i l vit tt ca t ng hng (isotropic). N l n v ca li ca anten pht x ng hng. Ngoi ra vi anten pht x c hng th n v ca h s tng ch l dBd. V trong lc tnh ton th dBi c coi nh dB.

3. dB dB l n v so snh v mnh (intensity), cng sut (power). i vi in p (V), dng (I) v trng E (in trng, t trng), cng thc tnh l 20lgX (dB) i vi cng sut (P), li (G), cng thc tnh l 10lgX (dB) Vd: Cng sut A l XW tng ng XdBm, Cng sut B l YW tng ng YdBm. Khi so snh A ln hn (nh hn) B bao nhiu dB, tnh bng 10Lg(X/Y)dB hoc (X-Y)dB. Antenna A c li 20dBd, B l 14dBd, vy A c li ln hn B 6dB 4. dBc dBc c phng php tnh ging vi dB v cng l mt n v tng i, c lin h n mt i lng khc. dBc thng c dng m t kh nng ca cc RF components, vd: carrier power c m t bi mc interference, coupling, scattering u dng dBc, c th thay bng dB. dBc t c dng n. ---------------------------------mi quan h gia dB v dBm l nh sau: X[dB]+Y [dB] = Z[dB] X[dB]- Y[dB] = Z[dB]

X[dBm] +Y[dB] = Z[dBm] X[dBm]-Y[dB] = Z[dBm] X[dBm]- Y[dBm] = Z[dB] X[dBm] + Y[dBm] = Z [] + ----------------------------------------------- chuyn gia cc i lng tnh theo dB, dBm, ... bn nn ch l cc gi tr u l gi tr so snh theo 1 i lng chun (reference), v d dB ly chun l 1W, dBm ly chun l 1mW. V vy chuyn i qua li th cch d dng nht l chuyn v dng tuyn tnh ri i ngc li. V d 1.5dB = ? dBm. Ta chuyn 1.5dB sang W bng 10^(1.5/10) = 1.4125W, i sang mW c 1412.5 mW, i ngc li dBm 10*log(1412.5) = 31.5 dBm Cch lm nh vy tuy di nhng khng s sai, iu ct yu l bn hiu c nhng ci reference khc nhau (tu mi lnh vc ngi ta s chn ra reference tng ng) Nhng bn cng c th lm cch khc nhanh hn l da vo tng quan ca cc reference v tnh cht ca vic ly logarithm, cc bi ton nhn chia trong h tuyn tnh tr thnh bi ton cng tr trong h logarithm. V d A = B*1000 trong h tuyn tnh th trong h logarithm log(A) = log(B) + log(1000) nu tnh theo dB th 10log(A) = 10log(B) + 10log(1000) = 10log(B) + 30. Tr li bi ton trn reference ca dB l 1W, ca dBm l 1mW cho ta thy khi mun chuyn t dB sang dBm bn ch cn cng thm 30. V vy khi bn hiu tng quan gia cc reference th khng cn i sang h tuyn tnh na m c th trc tip lm trn h log. 1 ch nh l dB cn c dng th hin tng quan gia 2 i lng cng sut A, B ch khng nht thit gia A vi 1. Lc ny n ch th hin tng quan t l ch khng c n v. V d A = 4mW, B = 2mW -> ta ni cng sut A gp 2 ln B hoc A ln hn B 3dB -> 3dB khng c th nguyn. Kt lun: ch cn hiu i lng chun l c th i qua li d dng. Khi o decibel c tnh "Tuyt i" v "tng i" Mc d cc php o decibel lun lun lin quan n mt mc tham chiu, nu gi tr s tham kho l r rng v chnh xc quy nh, sau o decibel c gi l mt "tuyt i" o lng, theo ngha l cc chnh xc gi tr ca s lng o c th c phc hi bng cch s dng cc cng thc c trc . V d, k t khi dBm ch o lng sc mnh tng i so vi 1 miliwatt, * 0 dBm c ngha l khng thay i t 1 mW. Do , 0 dBm l mc cng sut tng ng vi mt sc mnh ca chnh xc 1 mW. * 3 dBm l 3 dB ln hn 0 dBm. Nh vy, 3 dBm l mc cng sut tng ng vi 103/10 1 mW, hoc khong mW 2. * -6 DBm 6 dB c ngha l nh hn 0 dBm. Nh vy, -6 dBm l mc cng sut tng ng vi 10-6/10 1 mW, hoc khong W 250 (0,25 mW). Nu gi tr s tham kho khng phi l quy nh r rng, nh trong c dB ca b khuch i, sau o decibel l hon ton tng i. ngun dientuvienthong52

Tng hp: A dB = 10a/10 W B mW = 10Lg(b) dBm