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68894610 CHUYEN ĐỀ 1 Nguyen Tử PDF
68894610 CHUYEN ĐỀ 1 Nguyen Tử PDF
NGUYN T HA HC LIN KT HA HC
A. L Thuyt
Cu 1. Cho bit nguyn t X c Z=28. Nhn nh ng v X :
A. X thuc chu k 4, nhm VIIIA
B. X thuc chu k 3, nhm VIIIA
C. X thuc chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
D. X thuc chu k 3, nhm VIIIB
Cu 2. (H-C) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c electron mc nng lng cao nht l 3p.
Nguyn t ca nguyn t Y cng c electron mc nng lng 3p v c mt electron lp
ngoi cng. Nguyn t X v Y c s electron hn km nhau l 2. Nguyn t X, Y ln lt l
A. kh him v kim loi.
B. kim loi v kim loi.
C. phi kim v kim loi.
D. kim loi v kh him.
Cu 3. (H-C)Trong mt nhm A (phn nhm chnh), tr nhm VIIIA (phn nhm chnh
nhm VIII), theo chiu tng ca in tch ht nhn nguyn t th.
A. tnh kim loi tng dn, m in tng dn.
B. tnh kim loi tng dn, bn knh nguyn
t gim dn.
C. m in gim dn, tnh phi kim tng dn.
D. tnh phi kim gim dn, bn knh nguyn
t tng dn.
Cu 4. (H-C) Anion X- v cation Y2+ u c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l
3s23p6. V tr ca cc nguyn t trong bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc l:
A. X c s th t 17, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
B. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 3, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
C. X c s th t 17, chu k 4, nhm VIIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VII); Y c s th t
20, chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
D. X c s th t 18, chu k 3, nhm VIA (phn nhm chnh nhm VI); Y c s th t 20,
chu k 4, nhm IIA (phn nhm chnh nhm II).
Cu 5. (H-C khi A 2007) Cho cc nguyn t M (Z = 11), X (Z = 17), Y (Z = 9) v R (Z =
19). m in ca cc nguyn t tng dn theo th t.
A. R < M < X < Y.
B. M < X < R < Y.
C. Y < M < X < R.
D. M < X < Y < R.
Cu 6. (H-C khi A 2008) Bn knh nguyn t ca cc nguyn t: 3Li, 8O, 9F, 11Na c
xp theo th t tng dn t tri sang phi l
A. F, Li, O, Na.
B. F, Na, O, Li.
C. Li, Na, O, F.
D. F, O, Li, Na.
Cu7. (H-C Khi B 2009) cho cc nguyn t: K(Z=19), N(Z=7), Si(Z=14), Mg(Z=12). Dy
gm cc nguyn t sp theo chiu gim dn bn knh:
A. Mg, K, Si, N
B. K, Mg, Si, N
C. K,Mg, N, Si
D. N, Si, Mg,
Cu8. (H-C Khi A 2009) cu hnh electron ca ion X2+ l: 1s22s22p63s23p63d6. Trong bng
h thng tun hon nguyn t X thuc:
A. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA
B. Chu k 4, nhm IIA
C. Chu k 4, nhm VIB
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB.
Cu 9. (H-C) Cho cc nguyn t: K (Z = 19), N (Z = 7), Si (Z = 14), Mg (Z = 12). Dy
gm cc nguyn t c sp xp theo chiu gim dn bn knh nguyn t t tri sang phi l:
A. K, Mg, N, Si.
B. Mg, K, Si, N.
C. K, Mg, Si, N.
D. N, Si, Mg, K.
Cu 10. (H-C) Dy cc nguyn t sp xp theo chiu tng dn tnh phi kim t tri sang
phi l:
A. P, N, O, F.
B. P, N, F, O.
C. N, P, F, O.
D. N, P, O, F.
Cu 11. (H-C) Hp cht trong phn t c lin kt ion l
A. NH4Cl.
B. HCl.
C. NH3.
D. H2O.
Cu 12. (H-C) Dy gm cc cht trong phn t ch c lin kt cng ho tr phn cc l:
A. HCl, O3, H2S.
B. H2O, HF, H2S.
C. O2, H2O, NH3.
D. HF, Cl2, H2O.
2
2
6
2
Cu 13. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh electron 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p64s1, nguyn t ca
nguyn t Y c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p5. Lin kt ho hc gia nguyn t X v nguyn t Y
thuc loi lin kt.
A. cho nhn.
B. kim loi.
C. cng ho tr.
D. ion.
Cu 14. Dy gm cc ion X+, Y- v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l:
A. K+, Cl-, Ar.
B. Na+, F-, Ne.
C. Na+, Cl-, Ar.
D. Li+, F-, Ne.
Cu 15. Chn p n ng :
A. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s proton nhng c s notron khc nhau.
B. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau s khi.
C. ng v l nhng nguyn t c cng s electron nhng c s notron khc nhau
D. A,B,C u ng.
Cu 16. Cho cc ion sau : F-(Z=9), O2-(Z=8), Na+(Z=11), Ca2+(Z=20), Mg2+(Z=12), Al3+
(Z=13).Dy ion no sau y ng in t :
A. F-(Z=9), O2-(Z=8), Na+(Z=11), Ca2+(Z=20)
B. O2-(Z=8), Na+(Z=11), Ca2+(Z=20), Mg2+(Z=12)
C. F-(Z=9), O2-(Z=8), Na+(Z=11), Al3+(Z=13)
D. O2-(Z=8), Na+(Z=11), Ca2+(Z=20), Al3+(Z=13)
Cu 17. Hidro c 3 nguyn t ng v l : H1, H2, H3. Oxi c 3 nguyn t ng v : O1, O2,O3.
C th c ti a bao nhiu phn t nc khc nhau :
A. 18
B. 12
C. 9
D. 6
12
14
16
17
18
Cu 18. Vi 2 ng v C v C v 3 ng v O, O, O th s phn t CO2 c th to ra l :
A. 6
B.9
C.12
D.18
B. Bi tp
Dng 1: Xc nh s hiu nguyn t , cu hnh e v s ht trong nguyn t
Cu 1. Mt nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 52 v c s
khi l 35. S hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t X l
A. 17.
B. 15.
C. 23.
D. 18.
Cu 2. Tng s p,e,n ca nguyn t nguyn t X l 60. S ht mang in gp i s ht khng
mang in. Nguyn t X l :
A. Cu
B. Zn
C. Ca
D. Mg
Cu 3. Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht bng 60, trong s ht n bng p. X l:
A. Cu
B. K
C. Ca
D. Na
Cu 4. Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 28. Gi tr p c th c l:
A. 8 v 9
B. 9 v 10
C. 9 v 11
D. 7 v 8
Cu 5. Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 34. X khng l nguyn t kh him. X c th l:
A. K
B. Na
C. Ne
D. Mg
Cu 6. ( thi th i Hc chuyn Vnh Phc). Tng s ht ca mt nguyn t kim loi X l
155. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 33 ht. Kt lun no sau y
khng ng :
A. in tch ht nhn ca X l 47+
B. X c 2 electron lp ngoi cng
C. S khi X l 108
D. X c 5 lp electron.
Cu 7. (khi B 2010) mt ion M3+ c tng s ht p, n, e l 79, trong s ht mang in nhiu
hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh e ca nguyn t M :
A. [Ar] 3d54s1
B. [Ar] 3d64s2
C. [Ar] 3d34s2
D. [Ar] 3d64s1
Cu 8. (H,C khi B 2008) Tng s ht trong hai nguyn t kim loi X v Y l 142, trong
tng s ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 42. S ht mang in ca nguyn t
Y nhiu hn ca X l 12. Hai kim loi l:
A. Ca v Fe
B. Ca v Mg
C. Al v Fe
D. Na v Al
Cu 9. Tng s ht proton, ntron , electron trong hai nguyn t ca nguyn t X v Y l 96
trong tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht khng mang in l 32 . S ht mang
in ca nguyn t Y nhiu hn ca X l 16. X v Y ln lt l
A. Mg v Ca
B. Be v Mg
C. Ca v Sr
D. Na v Ca
Cu 10. Cho hp cht MX3. Tng s ht n,p,e l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 60. S khi nguyn t X ln hn M l 8. Tng s 3 loi ht trong ion
X- nhiu hn ion M3+ l 16. M v X l:
A. Al v Cl
B. Mg v Cl
C. Na v Cl
D. K v Cl
Cu 11. Hp cht A c to thnh t ion M+ v ion X2- .Tng s 3 loi ht trong A l 164
.Tng s cc ht mang in trong M ln hn tng s ht mang in trong X l 6 .Trong
nguyn t M, s ht proton t hn s ht ntron l 1 ht , trong nguyn t X s ht proton bng
s ht ntron . M v X l
A. K v O
B. Na v S
C. Li v S
D. K v S
Cu 12. Trong hp cht ion XY (X l kim loi, Y l phi kim), s electron ca cation bng s
electron ca anion v tng s electron trong XY l 20. Bit trong mi hp cht, Y ch c mt
mc oxi ha duy nht. Cng thc XY l
A. NaF.
B. AlN.
C. MgO.
D. LiF.
Dng 2: bi tp v ng v
Cu 1. Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l
63
29
Cu v
65
29
A. 73%.
B. 54%.
C. 50.
D. 27%.
A. 80% v 20%
B. 75% v 25%
C. 70% v 30%
D. 65% v 35%
B. 70%
C.30%
D.20%
Cu 4. Nguyn t Cl trong t nhin l mt hn hp gm hai ng v 35Cl(75%) v 37Cl
(25%) .Phn trm v KL ca 37Cl trong mui kaliclorat KClO3 l :
A. 7,24%
B.7,55%
C. 2,47%
D.7,21%
Cu5. Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Clo l 35,5. Clo trong t nhin c hai ng v 35Cl v
37Cl. Phn trm khi lng 37Cl trong HClO l :
4
A. 9,404%
B. 8,95%
C. 9,67%
Dng 3 :Da vo ha tr ca nguyn t vi hiro v oxi
D. 9,204%
B. O
C. Se
D. N
A. N
B. P
C. Cl
D. S
Cu 8. Tng s ht trong hai nguyn t A v B l 70. S ht mang in nhiu hn s ht
khng mang in l 22. S ht mang in ca A nhiu hn B l 2. A v B l :
A. Al v Na
C. Mg v Al
C. Mg v Na
D. Na v O
Cu 9. Cho : A (Z= 12), B(Z=9), C(Z=20), D(Z=17). Bn knh cc nguyn t theo th t tng
dn :
A. C>A>D>B
B. B<D<A<C
C. B<C<A<D
D. B<A<D<C
39
40
41
16
17
Cu 10. K c 3 ng v K, K, K ; O c 3 ng v O, O, 18O. s phn t K2O c th to
thnh l :
A. 6
B. 12
C. 18
D. 24
Cu 11. Mt nguyn t R to vi oxi hai oxit. Trong oxit th nht, O chim 50% khi lng.
Trong oxit th hai, O chim 60% khi lng. R l :
A. Fe
B. P
C. S
D. N
Cu 12.S oxi ha ca R trong hp cht cao nht vi oxi l a, trong hp cht vi H l b. Bit :
a b = 6 . R l nguyn t no sau y, bit trong hp cht vi H n chim 97,26% v khi
lng.
A. P
B. N
C. S
D. Cl
Cu 13. A v B l 2 nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh v hai chu k lin tip nhau trong
bng h thng tun hon. Tng s proton trong hai ht nhn nguyn t A v B l 32. A v B
l :
A. Mg v Al
B. K v Al
C. Ca v Mg
D. K v Mg
Cu 14. Chn nhn nh khng ng:
A. Trong bng h thng tun hon, c 7 chu k gm : 3 chu k nh v 4 chu k ln.
B. Trong cng chu k, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn, nng lng ion ha tng dn,
m in tng dn, tnh phi kim cng tng dn
C. Trong cng phn nhm chnh, theo chiu tng dn in tch ht nhn, m in gim
dn, tnh phi kim gim dn, nhng nng lng ion ha tng dn.
D. ng v l nhng nguyn t c s e bng nhau, nhng khc s khi.
Cu 15. Nguyn t X (Z=15), Y (Z=17) loi lin kt hnh thnh gia X v Y l :
A. ion
B. cng ha tr
C. phi tr
D. kim loi
Cu 16. Ion R3+ kt thc cu hnh l 3d5. V tr R trong bng HTTH:
A. Chu k 4, nhm IA
B. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIB
C. Chu k 4, nhm IB
D. Chu k 4, nhm VIIIA
Cu 17. Nguyn t R c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l : ns2np5. Trong hp cht vi
hydro, R chim 98,77% v khi lng, trong oxit cao nht ca n vi oxi, R chim 58,82% v
khi lng. R l :
A. Br
B. Cl
C. I
D. F
Cu 18. m in ca cc cht : A(Z=20), B(Z=17), C(Z=12), D(Z=16) theo th t gim
dn :
A. B>D>C>A
B. B>C>D>A
C. B> A>C>D
D. A>C>B>D
65
Cu 19. Phn trm ng v Cu trong Cu(NO3)3 l gi tr no sau y. Bit trong t nhin Cu
c hai ng v 65Cu (27%) v 63Cu (73%).
A. 9,15
B. 9,29
C. 9,34
D. 9,36
Cu 20. (Khi B 2010) Cc cht m phn t khng phn cc l :
A. NH3, Br2, C2H4
B. Cl2, CO2, C2H2
C. HBr, CO2, CH4 D. H2O, Br2, Cl2
Cu 21. A v B l nguyn t thuc phn nhm chnh trong bng h thng tun hon. B c cu
hnh e lp ngoi cng l ns2np4. Tng s proton ca A v B l 36. Vy A v B l nguyn t no
sau y. Cho (Ni(Z=28), O(Z=8), S(Z=16), K(Z=9), Ca(Z=20)
A. Ni v O
B. K v Al
C. Ca v S
D. O v K
Cu 22. Nguyn t R trong bng HTTH khng to hp cht vi H. Trong oxit cao nht ca n
vi oxi, R chim 52,94% v khi lng. R l :
A. Na
B. Mg
C. Ca
D. Al
Cu 23. (Khi A 2009) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c cu hnh e lp ngoi cng ns 2np4. Trong
hp cht kh ca X vi H, X chim 94,12% v khi lng. Phn trm khi lng ca X trong
oxit cao nht ca n vi Oxi l:
A. 50%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 60%
Cu 24. Lin kt trong phn t H2O l:
A. lin kt cng ha tr phn cc.
B. lin kt cng ha tr khng cc.
C. lin kt ion.
D. lin kt cho nhn.
Cu 25. S lin kt v lin kt trong phn t benzen ln lt l:
A. 3,3
B. 6,3
D. 4,3
D. 3,6