Labour Act, 2048

www.lawcommission.gov.
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www.lawcommission.gov.np
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jf s'g} rLh j:t'sf] k|of]u, laqmL lat/0f, 9'jfgL jf 6'+uf]
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k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd :yflkt bzhgf jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jf
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g]kfn ;/sf/f/f :yflkt cf}}Bf]lus If]q leqsf] bzhgf eGbf

sd sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfddf nufOPsf] k|lti7fgnfO{
;d]t hgfpF5 .
-u_ sd{rf/L eGgfn] k|lti7fgsf] k|zf;lgs sfo{df ;+nUg JolQm ;Dg'

k5{ .
-3_
sfdbf/ eGgfn] k|lti7fgsf] pTkfbg sfo{ jf ;]jf k|bfg ug{] sfo{ jf
;f] sfo{sf] lgldQ k|of]u ePsf] 3/ hUuf jf d]lzg/L jf To;sf] s'g}
efudf sfo{ ug{] jf To:tf] sfo{ ;+u ;DalGwt sfd jf c s'g}

klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f yk .
>d -bf];|f] cWofb]z_, @)^@ f/f ;+zf]wg eO{ s]xL g]kfn P]gsf] Joj:yf hufpg] P]g, @)^# f/f :jtMM hfu]sf] .
>d -bf];|f] cWofb]z_, @)^@ f/f ;+zf]wg eO{ s]xL g]kfn P]gsf] Joj:yf hufpg] P]g, @)^# f/f :jtM hfu]sf] .
cfsl:ds sfd u/] afkt kfl/>lds
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============== lbO{ sfd nufOPsf]
JolQm ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lk;/]6, 7]Ssf jf s/f/ cGt{ut sfd ug{]
sfdbf/nfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-_
k|aGws eGgfn] k|lti7fgsf] sfo{ ;+rfng ug{ lgo'Qm ePsf] JolSt

;Dg' k5{ .
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Joj:yfks eGgfn] s'g} k|lti7fgsf] lqmofsnfkdf clGtd lg0f{o lng]

JolQm ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] clGtd lhDd]jf/L jf clwsf/ k|of]u ug{
kfpg] u/L k|lti7fgsf] s'g}
zfvf jf OsfO{sf] k|d'v kbdf lgo'Qm
ePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .

-5_
sf/vfgf lg/LIfs eGgfn] o; P]gadf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/n] lgo'Qm

u/]sf] sf/vfgf lg/LIfs ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] jl/i7 sf/vfgf
lg/LIfsnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
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-_
===========================
gfaflnu eGgfn] #;f]x| jif{sf] pd]/ k'u]sf] t/ c7f/ jif{sf] pd]/ k"/f
gu/]sf] JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
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aflnu eGgfn] c7f/ jif{ pd]/ k'u]sf] JolQm ;Dg' k5{ .
-6_
zlQm eGgfn] ljB't jf oflGqs zlQm ;Dg' k5{ .

t/ ;f] zAbn] dfgjLo zlQm jf kz'af6 ;+rflnt zlQmnfO{
hgfpg] 5}g .
-7_
df};dL k|lti7fg eGgfn] vf; df};ddf afx]s cGo df};ddf sfd ug{
g;Sg] jf gldNg] k|lti7fg ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] Ps jif{df Ps;o
c;L lbg eGbf a9L sfd x'g g;Sg] df};dL k|lti7fgnfO{ ;d]t
hgfpF5 .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f lemlsPsf] .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f ;+zf]lwt .
afn >d -lgif]w / lgoldt_ ug]{ P]g, @)%^ f/f llsPsf] .
afn >d -lgif]w / lgoldt_ ug]{ P]g, @)%^ f/f ;+zf]lwt .
-8_
lbg eGgfn] s'g} dWo/ftaf6 z'? eO{ csf{] dWo/ftdf cGTo x'g]
rf}aL; 306fsf] cjlw ;Dg' k5{ .
-9_
;Ktfx eGgfn] zlgjf/sf] dWo/ft jf >d ljefun] tf]s]sf] c s'g}

lbgsf] dWo/ft b]lv z'? x'g] ;ft lbgsf] cjlw ;Dg' k5{ .
-0f_
sNof0fsf/L clws[t eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t lgo'Qm sNof0fsf/L

clws[t ;Dg' k5{ .
-t_
>d clws[t eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{t lgo'Qm >d clws[t ;Dg' k5{
/ ;f] zAbn] al/i7 >d clws[tnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
-y_
>d cbfnt eGgfn] o; P]g cGtu{tsf] >d cbfnt ;Dg' k5{ .
-b_
kfl/>lds eGgfn] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgdf sfd u/] afkt

k|lti7fgsf] tkm{af6 gubL jf lhG;Lsf] kdf kfpg] kfl/>lds jf
Hofnf ;Dg' k5{ / ;f] zAbn] lk;/]6 jf 7]Ssfdf sfd u/] afkt
kfpg] gubL jf lhG;L /sdnfO{ ;d]t hgfpF5 .
t/ of] zAbn] s'g} k|sf/sf] eQf jf ;'ljwfnfO{ hgfpg] 5}g .
-w_
tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] eGgfn] of] P]g cGtu{t ag]sf]

lgoddf tf]lsPsf] jf tf]lsP adf]lhd ;Dg' k5{ .
kl/R5]b @
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#=
kbsf] juL{s/0f M -!_ Joj:yfksn] k|lti7fgsf] pTkfbg k|lqmof, ;]jf jf sfdsf]

k|s[lt cg';f/ k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf] kbsf] juL{s/0f ug{' kg{]5 /
To:sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt >d sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ePsf] kb juL{s/0fdf s'g} ;+zf]wg ug{' kg{]
cfjZostf b]lvPdf To;sf] sf/0f vf]nL >d sfof{non] Joj:yfksnfO{ lgb{]zg
lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb{]zgsf] kfng ug{' Joj:yfkssf] st{Ao x'g]5 .
$=
sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm M -!_ bkmf # adf]lhd juL{s/0f ul/Psf]

s'g} kbdf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQm ug'{ kbf{ To:tf sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Lsf] 5gf}6 ug{ Joj:yfksn] lj1fkg ug'{ kg]{5 / To;/L 5gf}6 ul/Psf
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lgo'lQmkq lbO{ sfddf nufpg' kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm ePsf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ Ps
jif{sf] cljlR5Gg ;]jf cjlw k"/f gu/];Dd k/LIf0fsfndf /flvg]5 / ;f]
cjlwdf lghsf]
sfo{bIftf, OdfGbf/L, cg'zf;g, sfdk|lt nugzLntf, ?h'
xflh/L cflb s'/fsf] cfwf/df :yfoL lgo'lQm ug{' kg{]5 . To;/L lgo'Qm ubf{
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] kb tyf lghn] kfpg] kfl/>lds tyf ;]jf, zt{ pNn]v
u/L lgo'lQmkq lbg' kg{]5 / To;sf] hfgsf/L >d sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; pkbkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu Ps jif{sf] cljlR5Gg
;]jf cjlw eGgfn] s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] s'g} k|lti7fgdf afx| dlxgfsf]
cjlwe/df b'O{ ;o rfnL; lbg sfd u/]sf] jf df};dL k|lti7fgdf ;f] rfn"
/x]sf] df};dsf] cjlwdf cljlR5Gg ;]jf u/]sf] cjlw ;Dg' k5{ / b'O{ ;o
rfnL; lbgsf] u0fgf ubf{ ;fj{hlgs / ;fKtflxs labf ;d]t u0fgf ul/g]5 .
-#_ s'g} k|lti7fgdf :yfoL ksf] lk;/]6 jf 7]Ssfdf ;+rflnt sfo{df
sfo{/t sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ klg pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd :yfoL ul/g]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd sfo{/t sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] o; P]gdf
Joj:yf eP cg';f/sf ;'ljwfx lghsf] kb:s]n cg';f/ kfpg]5 .
-%_
=
================
$s= u}/ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfddf nufpg gkfOg] M -!_
bkmf # adf]lhd
juL{s/0f ul/Psf] s'g} klg kbdf u}/ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfddf nufpg kfOg]
5}g .


-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] eP tfklg /fli6o :t/sf]

;fj{hlgs kqklqsfdf lj1fkg k|sfzg ubf{ klg s'g} bIf k|fljlws kbsf] nflu
g]kfnL gful/s pknAw gePdf Joj:yfksn] ;f] s'/fsf] k|df0f ;lxt u}/ g]kfnL
gful/s lgo'lQm ug]{ :jLs[ltsf] nflu >d ljefudf lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} lgj]bg k/L hfFra' ubf{ lgj]bgdf
plNnlvt bIf k|fljlws kbsf] nflu g]kfnL gful/s pknAw gx'g] b]lvPdf >d
ljefun] >d sfof{nosf] l;kmfl/;df Ps k6sdf b'O{ jif{df ga9fO{ a9Ldf kfFr
jif{;Dd / ljlzi6 k|sf/sf] bIf k|fljlws kbdf a9Ldf ;ft jif{;Dd u}/ g]kfnL
gful/snfO{ sfddf nufpg :jLs[lt lbg ;Sg]5 .
-$_
pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd u}/ g]kfnL gful/snfO{ sfddf nufpg]
Joj:yfksn] g]kfnL gful/snfO{ g} bIf agfO{ qmdzM k|lt:yfkg ug]{ Joj:yf

ug'{ kg]{5 .
%=
sfd nufpg] M -!_
========================
-@_ tf]lsPsf] cj:yfdf afx]s gfaflnu tyf dlxnfnfO{ ;fdfGotM laxfg

5 ah]b]lv ;fF 5 ah];Dd sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 .
-#_ Joj:yfks / sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L aLr cfk;L d~h'/Laf6 pko'Qm
Joj:yf ldnfO{ dlxnfxnfO{ klg k'?if ;/x sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 .
-$_
Joj:yfksn] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ sfdsf] k|s[lt jf :t/df
km/s gkg]{ u/L k|li7fgsf] s'g} zfvf jf OsfO{df ;?jf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
^=
sfd u/]sf] cjlwsf] u0fgf M s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgdf sfd

u/]sf] cjlwsf] u0fgf ug{] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ b]xfosf] cjlw ;d]t u0fgf
ul/g]5 M

-s_
bkmf !! adf]lhd hu]8fdf /x]sf] cjlw, /
-v_
kfl/>lds ;lxtsf] labfdf a;]sf] cjlw .
afn >d -lgif]w / lgoldt_ ug]{ P]g, @)%^ f/f llsPsf] .

&= s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'lQm M k|lti7fgn] tTsfn pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf j[l4 ug'{ k/]df
k|lti7fgsf] :yfoL k|s[ltsf] sfddf afx]s c s'g} lglZrt sfdsf] lgldQ s'g}
JolQmnfO{ ;dofjlw tf]sL lghn] kfpg] kfl/>lds / ;]jf zt{ pNn]v u/L
s/f/df lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg]5 .
*=
:jfldTj kl/jt{gn] k|lts"n c;/ gkg{

gkg{] M k|lti7fgsf] :jfldTjdf ePsf]
kl/jt{gn] To:tf] k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf / zt{df
k|lts"n c;/ kf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
(=
sfdbf/ tyf sd{

sd{rf/Lsf] 5'f 5'} /lhi6/ /fVg' kg{
kg{] M -!_ k|To]s k|lti7fgdf
Joj:yfksn] sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lxsf] b]xfosf] ljj/0f pNn]v u/L 5'f 5'}
/lhi6/ /fVg' kg]{5 M
-s_
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] gfd,
-v_
sfdsf] k|s[lt,
-u_
kfl/>lds / To;sf] e'QmfgLsf] t/Lsf, /
-3_
tf]lsPsf] c ljj/0fx .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t /flvPsf] /lhi6/ >d clws[t jf sf/vfgf

lg/LIfs jf >d sfof{non] tf]s]sf] cGo JolQmf/f dfluPsf] avt k|:t't ug{'
kg{]5 .
!)=
;]jfsf] ;'/Iff M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf ljlgoddf

tf]lsPsf] /Lt gk'ofO{ k|lti7fgsf] :yfoL sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jfsf] cGt
ug{' x'Fb}g .
!!=
hu]8fdf /fVg]
/fVg] M -!_ s]xL cjlwsf] nflu k|lti7fgsf] pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf
s6f}tL ug'{ kg{] cfjZos ePdf jf k|lti7fg ;~rfng u/L /fVg ljz]if
kl/l:yltjz g;lsg] ePdf Joj:yfksn] pkbkmf -@_ sf] cwLgdf /xL pTkfbg
jf ;]jfdf s6f}tL ug{ jf k|lti7fg jf To;sf] s'g} efu aGb ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf s6f}tL ug{ jf k|lti7fg jf
;f] sf] s'g} efu aGb ug{' kbf{ kGw| lbg ;Ddsf] nflu eP >d sfof{nosf] / ;f]
eGbf a9L cjlwsf] nflu eP >d ljefusf] :jLs[lt lng' kg{]5 . >d sfof{non]
:jLs[lt lbPsf]df ;f] sfof{non] To;sf] hfgsf/L >d ljefunfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf s6f}tL ubf{ abnL jf
Hofnfbf/Ldf sfd ug{] sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/L
afx]s k|lti7fgsf :yfoL sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/LnfO{ vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] kfl/>ldssf] cfwf kfl/>lds lbg] u/L hu]8fdf

/fVg' kg{]5 .
t/ To:tf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lxn] kfO{ cfPsf pko'St ;'ljwfx k'/}
kfpg]5g\ .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ cGtu{t hu]8fdf /flvPsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln]
Joj:yfksaf6 ;f]xL k|lti7fg jf cfg} lgoGq0fsf] cGo k|lti7fgdf ;dfg

kfl/>ldsdf nufPsf] ;dfg sfd ug{ c:jLsf/ u/]df jf sfd x'g] ;do leq
k|lti7fgdf Ps k6s lbgdf xfhL/ gePdf jf tf]lsPsf] cGo cj:yfdf

Joj:yfksn] To:tf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ kfl/>lds tyf ;'ljwf glbg ;Sg]5 .
!@= s6f}tL / k'gM sfddf nufpg]

nufpgM] -!_ ljz]if kl/l:yltjz tLg dxLgf eGbf a9L
cjlw ;Dd pTkfbg jf ;]jfdf s6f}tL ug{' k/]df jf k|lti7fgsf] cf+lzs jf k"/f
efu aGb ug{' k/]df Joj:yfksn] >d ljefu dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt
lnO{ k|lti7fgsf s]xL jf ;Dk"0f{ sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lsf] ;+Vofdf s6f}tL ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-!s_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] s6f}tL ;DaGwdf
Joj:yfksn] g]kfn ;/sf/;+u :jLs[lt dfu u/]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] To;/L

sd{rf/L s6f}tL ug]{ jf gug]{ ;DaGwdf b'O{ dlxgfleq lg0f{o ug'{ kg]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s6f}tL ubf{ Ps} lsl;dsf] sfddf sfo{/t

:yfoL sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/ dWo] To:tf] sfddf ;a} eGbf kl5 lgo'Qm
ePsfnfO{ klxn] s6f}tL ug{] qmdn] s6f}tL ug{' kg{]5 .


t/ ;a}eGbf kl5 lgo'Qm ePsfnfO{ s6f}tL ug{' kg{] u/L tf]lsPsf]

qmdfg';f/ s6f}tL gu/L cufl8 lgo'Qm ePsfnfO{ s6f}tL ug{' k/]df To;sf]
sf/0f vf]nL s6f}tL ug{ x'G5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s6f}tL ubf{ b]xfo adf]lhd u/L s6f}tL ug{'
k5{ M
-s_
:yfoL
=
================== sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L s6f}tL ug{'
kg{] sf/0f ;d]t vf]nL Ps dxLgfsf] k"j{ ;"rgf lbO{ jf

Ps dxLgfsf] kfl/>lds lbP/, /
-v_
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgdf u/]sf] k|To]s jif{sf]

;]jf cjlwsf] lgldQ lghn] vfOkfO{ cfPsf] tL; lbgsf]
kfl/>ldsn] u'0fg ubf{ x'g cfpg] Psd'i6 kfl/>lds
Ifltk"lt{ lbP/ .
:ki6
:ki6L
i6Ls/0f M s'g} jif{df slDtdf 5 dxLgf;Dd sfd
u/]sf] eP o; v08sf] k|of]hgsf] lgldQ Ps jif{sf] ;]jf
cjlw u/]sf] dflgg]5 .
-$_ s/f/ ;]jfdf lgo'Qm sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] xsdf pkbkmf -#_ nfu"
x'g] 5}g .
-%_ s6f}tLdf k/]sf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] :yfgdf k'gM sfddf nufpg'
k/]df s6f}tLdf k/]sf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|fyldstf lbg' kg{]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M bkmf !! / !@ sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu ljz]if kl/l:ylt eGgfn]

k|lti7fgsf] d]l;g, pks/0f ef+rL, lau|L pTkfbg sfo{ /f]lsg] cj:yf jf OGwg,
ljB't, sf]Onf jf o:t} zlQm pknAw gePsf] jf b}jL k|sf]k ePsf] jf cfjZos
sRrf kbfy{ ckof{Kt ePsf] jf pTkflbt j:t' laqmL ge} :6s /xg uPsf] jf
o:t} cGo cj:yfnfO{ hgfpF5 .
!#=
!#
df};dL k|lti7fg M
-!_ df};dL k|lti7fg a]df};ddf aGb /x]sf] cj:yfdf
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L hu]8fdf /x]sf] dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ df};dL k|lti7fg rfn" jf aGb u/]sf] ;"rgf >d sfof{nonfO{ lbg'
kg{]5 .
-#_ df};dL k|lti7fg aGb /x]sf] a]df};dsf] cjlwdf :yfoL sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ lghn] kfpg] kfl/>ldssf] Go"gtd kRrL; k|ltzt l/6]lg eQf
lbg' kg{]5 .
-$_ s'g} k|lti7fg df};dL k|lti7fg xf] jf xf]Og eGg] ljjfb p7]df >d
ljefusf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 .
!$=
!%=
clgjfo{ cjsfz M Joj:yfksn]
===============================
krkGg jif{ pd]/ k"/f ePsf sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ clgjfo{ cjsfz lbg ;Sg]5 .

t/ k|lti7fgsf] sfo{ ;~rfngsf] lgldQ geO{ gx'g] sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf cjlw c kfFr jif{;Ddsf] nflu yk ug{ ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b #
sfd ug{] ;do
!^=
sfd ug{] ;do M sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ k|ltlbg cf7 306f jf ;Ktfxdf
c7\rfnL; 306f eGbf a9L ;do sfddf nufpg' x'F+b}g / k|To]s ;Ktfxdf Ps
lbg ;fKtflxs labf lbg' kg{]5 .
!&=
sfd ug{] ;dosf] k|f/Desf] u0fgf M sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Ln] sfd ;'? ug{]
;do Joj:yfksn] tf]lslbP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
!*=
vfhf
vfhf / cf/fdsf] ;do M sfd /f]Sg x'g] lsl;dsf] k|lti7fgdf sfdbf/ tyf
sd{rf/LnfO{ vfhf vfgsf] nflu cfwf 306fsf] 5'L glbO{ nuftf/ kfFr 306f
eGbf a9L ;do;Dd sfddf nufpg x'Fb}g . sfd /f]Sg gx'g] nuftf/ rnfO{ /xg'
kg{] k|lti7fgdf To:tf] 5'L cfnf] kfnf] u/L lbg' kg{]5 . o:tf] cfwf 306fsf]
5'Lsf] ;do b}lgs sfd ug{' kg{] ;dofjlw leqs} dflgg]5 .


klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f vf/]h .
10
!(=
a9L ;do sfd u/fpFbf a9L Hofnf lbg' kg{

kg{] M-!_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{
lbgdf cf7 306f jf ;Ktfxdf c7\rfnL; 306f eGbf a9L ;do sfddf nufPdf
lghnfO{ ;f] a9L ;dosf] nflu ;fwf/0f Hofnf b/sf] 8]9L Hofnf lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ a9L ;do sfd ug{ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ afWo ug{ x'Fb}g .
-@_ a9L ;do sfd u/fpFbf ;fdfGotM k|ltlbg rf/ 306f tyf ;Ktfxdf
aL; 306feGbf a9L ;do sfddf nufpg' x'Fb}g .
@)=
xflh/L lstfa /fVg' kg{] M k|To]s k|lti7fgn] cfgf] sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf]
xflh/L lstfa /fVg' kg{]5 .
kl/R5]b $
kfl/>lds

@!= Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldlt M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Go"gtd kfl/>lds
lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] Go"gtd
kfl/>lds, dx+uL eQf / ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 / To;/L lgwf{/0f ul/Psf]
b/ ;DaGwL ;"rgf g]kfn /fhkqdf k|sfzg ul/g]5 .
-@_ Go"gtd kfl/>lds, dx+uL eQf / ;'ljwf lgwf{/0f ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n]
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L, Joj:yfks / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwxsf] ;dfg ;+Vof
ePsf] Pp6f Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldlt u7g ug]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ul7t Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldltn]
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] dx+uL eQf / ;'ljwfsf] ;DaGwdf l;kmfl/; ubf{ ef}uf]lns
If]qsf] cfwf/df ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds, dx+uL eQf /
;'ljwfsf] b/ g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg ePsf] ldltb]lv dfq nfu" x'g]5 .
-%_ Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldlt u7g g} x'g g;s]sf] cj:yfdf jf
u7g eP klg ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; ug{ g;s]sf] cj:yfdf g]kfn ;/sf/af6


11
k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lxsf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds, dx+uL eQf / ;'ljwf

lgwf{/0f ug{ dflysf pkbkmfxdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
-^_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds, dx+uL eQf / ;'ljwf
eGbf sd x'g] u/L Joj:yfks / sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L aLr s'g} ;Df}tf ug{ ;lsg]
5}g .
-&_ Go"gtd kfl/>lds lgwf{/0f ;ldltsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
@!s= jflif{s kfl/>lds a[l4 M -!_ bkmf $ sf] pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd :yfoL lgo'lQm
kfPsf] sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Ln] k|To]s jif{ Pp6f kfl/>lds a[l4 kfpg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd kfpg] kfl/>lds a[l4sf] /sd ;DalGwt sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/Lsf] cfwf lbgsf] kfl/>lds a/fa/ x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ df h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg bkmf %@ sf] pkbkmf
-@_ adf]lhd kfl/>lds /f]Ssf ePsf] cj:yfdf To:tf] kfl/>lds a[l4 kfpg] 5}g .
@@= kfl/>lds eQf / ;'ljwfsf] e'QmfgL M k|lti7fgsf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg]

kfl/>lds, eQf / ;'ljwf lbg] bfloTj ;DalGwt Joj:yfkssf] x'g]5 .
@#=
kfl/>lds cjlw M Joj:yfksn] k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] kfl/>lds

Ps dxLgfsf] cjlwdf ga9\g] u/L ;fKtflxs, kflIfs jf dfl;s kdf lgwf{/0f
ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ of] Joj:yf b}lgs Hofnfbf/L lk;/]6 jf 7]Ssfdf nufPsf] cj:yfdf
nfu" x'g] 5}g .
@$= kfl/>lds sL ug{df k|ltaGw M -!_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] kfl/>lds

b]xfosf] cj:yfdf afx]s c cj:yfdf sL ug{' x'Fb}g M

-s_
nfu]sf] hl/jfgf sL ug{' k/]df,
-v_
u}/ xflh/ afkt sL ug{' k/]df,
12
-u_
hfgL
hfgL
jf
nfk/jflxn] k|lti7fgsf] gubL jf
lhG;L gf]S;fg u/] jf x/fP afkt sL ug{' k/]df,

-3_
tf]lsPsf] ;'ljwf lbOP afkt sL ug{' k/]df,
-_
k]ZsL jf a9L kfl/>lds lbOPsf]df ;f] afkt sL ug{'

k/]df,
-r_
lgnDag ePsf] cjlw afkt sL ug{' k/]df,
-5_
;/sf/L c8\8f jf cbfntsf] cfb]z adf]lhd sL ug{'

k/]df,
-h_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L

tf]lslbP adf]lhd sL ug{' k/]df, jf
-_
k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd cfos/ jf c s'g} s/ sL ug{'

k/]df .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sL x'g] /sdsf] xb, sL x'g] t/Lsf, Dofb /
tT;DaGwL cGo s'/f tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .

@%= cg'lrt tj/n] kfl/>lds sL u/]df jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]df jf cGo ;'ljwf
glbPdf jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]df lgj]bg lbg]M -!_
e"n ePsf] jf kfl/>lds
/sd lgwf{/0f ug{ g;s]sf] jf cfsl:ds b'3{6gf jf ljz]if kl/l:yltjz

kfl/>lds lbg c;dy{ ePsf] jf ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] cfgf]
kfl/>lds lng gcfPdf jf lng gdfg]sf] cj:yfdf afx]s cg'lrt tj/af6
kfl/>lds sf u/]df jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]df jf cbfntsf] km};nfaf6 lgnDag
km's'jf ePsf]df jf lgisfzg ab/ ePsf]df To:tf] lgnDag jf lgisfzg ePsf]
cjlwsf] kfl/>lds glbPdf jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]df jf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln]
kfpg] eQf pkbfg, ;+rosf]if jf Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd glbPdf jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]df
;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] cfkm} jf cfgf] jfl/; dfkm{t >d sfo{nodf
lgj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 .
13
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] lgj]bg kfl/>lds sf u/]sf] jf lbg l9nf

u/]sf] jf eQf, pkbfg, ;+rosf]if jf Ifltk"lt{ glbPsf] jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]sf]
ldltn] ^ dlxgfleq lbg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k/]sf] lgj]bg cfjZos hfFra' ubf{ cg'lrt
tj/n] kfl/>lds sf u/]sf] jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]sf] jf eQf, pkbfg ;+rosf]if jf
Ifltk"lt{ glbPsf] jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ To:tf] kfl/>lds eQf, pkbfg, ;+rosf]if jf Ifltk"lt{sf] /sd
e'QmfgL lbg / ;f]sf] xhf{gf jfkt To:tf] /sdsf] tLg bf]Aa/;Dd /sd
;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg' kg]{ u/L >d sfof{non] cfb]z lbg
;Sg]5 .
-$_ ]ifk"0f{ lgotn] jf Joj:yfsnfO{ cgfjZos b'Mv jf x}/fgL lbg]
dg;fon] dfq pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lgj]bg lbPsf] k|dfl0ft ePdf lgj]bsaf6
Joj:yfksnfO{ a9Ldf Ps xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd xhf{gf ltg'{ kg]{ u/L >d sfof{non]
cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -#_ jf -$_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]z cg';f/ ltg{ a'fpg kg]{ /sd
>d sfof{non] b]xfosf] ;a} jf s'g} sf/afxLf/f c;"n pk/ u/L ;DalGwt kIfnfO{
lbnfO{ lbg]5 M
-s_
;DalGwt k|lti7fg, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] rn crn

;DklQ k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd /f]Ssf /fv]/,
-v_
;DalGwt k|lti7fg, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] s'g} ;/sf/L

sfof{no jf g]kfn ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] ;+ul7t
;+:yfdf /x]sf] w/f}6L jf To:tf] sfof{no jf ;+:yfn]
;DalGwt k|lti7fg, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] lng a'fpg'
kg]{ /sd /f]Ssf /fv]/,
-u_
;DalGwt k|lti7fg, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] lgsf;L jf

k}7f/L /f]Ssf /fv]/,
14
-3_
;DalGwt k|li7fg, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] k|rlnt

sfg'gadf]lhd kfpg] 5'6, ;'ljwf jf ;x'lnot /f]Ssf
/fv]/ .
@^=
k'g/fj]bg M bkmf @% sf] pkbkmf -#_ / -$_ cGtu{t lbOPsf] cfb]zdf lrQ
ga'g] kIfn] cfb]zsf] hfgsf/L kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbg leq To:tf] cfb]z
pk/ >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 / >d cbfntsf] lg0f{o clGtd
x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b %
:jf:Yo / ;'/Iff
@&=
:jf:Yo / ;'/Iff ;DaGwL Joj:yf M -!_ k|lti7fgdf Joj:yfksn] b]xfo

adf]lhdsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg{]5 M
-s_
k|To]s
k|lti7fgnfO{
k|To]s
lbg
;kmf
u/L
cfjZostfg';f/ sL6gfzs cf}iflw ;d]tsf] k|of]u,

;d'lrt lgsf;sf] k|aGw Pj+ ;do ;dodf /+u /f]ug
;d]t nufO{ kmf]x/ d}nfaf6 x'g] b'u{Gw gcfpg] u/L ;kmf
;'U3/ /fVg],
-v_
sfd x'g] sf]7fxdf kof{Kt xfjf / k|sfz Pj+ pko'Qm

tfkqmdsf] k|aGw ldnfpg],
-u_
sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf lg:sg] /2L a:t' tyf kmf]x/ d}nf

kmofFSg] tyf gi6 ug{] Joj:yf ug{],
-3_
:jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kg{ ;Sg] w"nf], b"lift xfjf, jfkm

Pj+ cGo b"lift kbfy{ sfd ug{] sf]7fdf hDdf x'g glbg],
-_
sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] lg:sg]

cfjfhaf6 :jf:Yodf k|lts""n c;/ gkg{] u/L cfjZos
k|ltsf/fTds JolStut pks/0f Pj+ sfdsf] k|s[lt
cg';f/ sd cfjfh dfq lg:sg] ;d'lrt Joj:yf ug{],
15
-r_
sfd ug{] sf]7f jf :yfgdf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf]

:jf:Yodf k|lts"n k|efj kg{] u/L 3'OFrf] x'g glbg'sf] ;fy}
sfdsf] k|s[lt x]/L k|To]s sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] nflu
;fwf/0ftM kGw| 3gld6/ 7fpF pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 / ;f]
sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu e'OF;tx b]lv rf/ld6/ eGbf dflysf]
prfO{sf] u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .
-5_
sfdsf] ;dodf :jf:Yos/ lkpg] kfgL kof{Kt dfqfdf

pknAw x'g] Joj:yf ug{] / :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kfg{
;Sg] lsl;dsf] /f;folgs kbfy{xsf] k|of]u ug{] jf
pTkfbg ug{] k|lti7fgdf pTkGg x'g ;Sg] cfkt\sflng
l:yltaf6 arfpsf] nflu cfuf] lgefpg jf w'g,
kvfNgsf] nflu kof{Kt kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{],
-h_
dlxnf tyf k'?if sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lxsf] lgldQ kfos

kg{] :yfgdf a]Unfa]Un} cfw'lgs zf}rfnosf] Joj:yf ug{],
-_
sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ k|lti7fgsf] ;Dk"0f{ jf s]xL

efunfO{ w'd|kfg lgif]lwt If]q 3f]if0ff ug{], /
-`_
:jf:Yodf k|lts"n c;/ kg{] vfnsf k|lti7fgsf] xsdf

slDtdf jif{sf] Ps k6s sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lxsf]
clgjfo{ kdf :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/fpg] .
@*= cfFvfsf] arfp M -!_ P]gf, sfFr, kf/f], r'Das, Kn]6, kmnfd, s+lqm6, l;d]06,
r"g, 9'+uf / lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ k|of]u x'g] k|lti7fgdf sfd ubf{ lg:sg] w"nf] jf
6'qmfaf6 sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lsf] cfFvfdf rf]6 nfUgaf6 arfpg] cfjZos
;'/IffTds ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ j]lN8 jf UofF; sl6+u jf o:t} cGo sfo{sf] l;nl;nfdf pTkGg x'g]
xflgsf/s ls/0faf6 cfFvfsf] arfp ug{ cfjZos ;'/Iff ;DaGwL pks/0fsf]
Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
16
@(=
/f;folgs kbfy{af6 arfp M /f;folgs kbfy{ kl/rfng ug{] sfdbf/ jf

sd{rf/Lsf] arfpsf] lgldQ Joj:yfksn] cfjZos JolQmut ;'/IffTds
pks/0fsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
#)=
cfuf]af6 arfpsf] k|aGw M -!_ Joj:yfksn] k|To]s k|lti7fgdf cfuf]af6

arfpsf] lgldQ cfjZos cfw'lgs ;fwgsf] k|aGw ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ cfkTsflng cj:yfdf k|lti7fgaf6 ;lhnf];+u aflx/ lg:sg ;Sg]
u/L Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g' kg{]5 .
-#_ cfuf]af6 arfpsf] ;fy} cfuf] lgefpg] oGqxsf ;DaGwdf
k|lti7fgn] ug{' kg{] cGo Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#!=
vt/gfs d]lzgdf 5]saf/ nufpg' kg{] M -!_ zlQmaf6 ;+rfng x'g] vt/gfs
d]lzg cf}hf/ jf pks/0fxsf] k|To]s efudf alnof] 5]saf/ nufpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ rfn" /x]sf] s'g} vt/gfs d]lzgsf] s'g} efusf] lg/LIf0f, n'la|s]zg
jf d]lzg ldnfpg] sfo{ ug{' k/]df ;f] sfo{df tfnLd k|fKt Pj+ cg'ejL aflnu
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ dfq nufpg' kg{]5 .
#@=
a9L ef/L p7fpg] ;DaGwdf M -!_ s'g} klg sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ rf]6k6s
jf :jf:Yodf xfgL k'Ug] u/L ef/L p7fpg, af]Sg jf cf];f/ k;f/ ug{] sfo{df
nufpg' x'Fb}g .
-@_ aflnu, gfaflnu, dlxnf jf k'?if sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] p7fpg,
af]Sg jf cf];f/ k;f/ ug{] clwstd ef/ tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#@s= kof{Kt lgb]{zg jf Jofj;flos tflnd glbO{ gfaflnunfO{ sfddf nufpg

gx'g] M -!_ ;DalGwt sfo{If]qsf ljifodf kof{Kt lgb]{zg jf Jofj;flos tflnd
glbO{ gfaflnunfO{ sfddf nufpg x'Fb}g .
-@_ gfaflnunfO{ sfddf nufpFbf pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ;DalGwt sfo{If]qsf
ljifodf lbg'kg]{ kof{Kt lgb]{zg jf Jofj;flos tflnd ;DaGwL Joj:yfx tf]lsP
adf]lhd x'g]5g\ .
afn >d -lgif]w / lgoldt_ ug]{ P]g, @)%^ f/f yk .
17
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ ljk/Lt gfaflnunfO{ sfddf nufpg] Joj:yfksnfO{ tLg

dlxgf;Dd s}b jf bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'j} ;hfo x'g]5 .
#@v= pd]/ ;DaGwL ljjfb M -!_ k|lti7fgdf sfd ug]{ s'g} gfaflnusf] pd]/ ;DaGwL
ljjfb k/]df To:tf] gfaflnusf] hGd btf{ k|df0fkqdf plNnlvt hGd ldlt
cg';f/sf] pd]/ g} lghsf] jf:tljs pd]/ dflgg]5 .
-@_ s'g} gfaflnusf] hGd btf{ k|df0fkq gePdf >d ljefun] tf]s]sf]
lrlsT;sf/f To:tf] gfaflnusf] :jf:Yo k/LIf0f u/fO{ lglZrt ul/Psf] pd]/ g}
lghsf] jf:tljs pd]/ dflgg]5 .
##=
k|];/ Knf06M -!_ k|lti7fgdf pTkfbg k|s[ofsf] ;DaGwdf s'g} d]lzg

jfo'd08nLo rfkeGbf a9L rfkdf ;Grfng ug{' kg{] ePdf To:tf d]lzgxsf]
;'/lIft sfo{ rfk -jf]ls{ k|];/_ eGbf a9L rfkdf ;+rfng ug{ gx'g] u/L
cfjZos k|efjsf/L pkfox ckgfpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt d]lzgsf] k/LIf0f ug{], k|dfl0ft ug{] tl/sf
Pj+ ;f] ;+rfng ug{ Ohfht lbg] ;DaGwL Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
#$=
;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf ug{] cfb]z M -!_ s'g} k|lti7fgdf o; P]gadf]lhdsf] ;'/Iff

;DaGwL Joj:yf gu/]sf] cj:yfdf pko'Qm ;do tf]sL ;f] ;do leq cfjZos
Joj:yf / k|aGw ldnfpg >d sfof{non] k|lti7fgnfO{ lnlvt cfb]z lbg
;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] cfb]zsf] kfng gu/]df k|lti7fgsf] To:tf]
c;'/lIft efu, Knf06 jf d]lzg/L ;+rfng ug{ aGb ug{] cfb]z >d sfof{non]
lbg ;Sg]5 / To;/L lbPsf] cfb]zsf] kfng ug{' ;DalGwt k|lti7fgsf] st{Jo
x'g]5 .
#%=
;"rgf lbg' kg{

kg{] M -!_ k|lti7fgdf ePsf] s'g} b'3{6gf jf cGo s'g} sf/0faf6
s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] d[To' ePdf jf c7\rfnL; 306feGbf a9L sfd ug{
g;Sg] u/L rf]6 k6s nfu]df tLg lbg leq / lghnfO{ s'g} Joj;fohGo /f]u
nfu]sf] yfxf kfPsf] ;ft lbg leq k|lti7fgn] >d sfof{nonfO{ ;"rgf lbg'
kg{]5 .
18
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;"rgfdf pNn]v ePsf] /f]u jf b'3{6gfsf]

hfFra' ug{] clwsf/L, lghsf] sfd, st{Jo, clwsf/ / tT;DaGwL sfo{ljlw
#^=
:t/ lgwf{/0f ug{] clwsf/ M -!_ o; kl/R5]b cGtu{tsf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL

Joj:yfxsf] :t/ cfjZostfg';f/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf
k|sflzt u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df n]lvPb]lv afx]s k|lti7fgdf k|of]u x'g] cGo d]lzg/L,
cf}hf/ jf pks/0fsf] k|of]u ubf{ ckgfpg' kg{] :jf:Yo Pj+ ;'/IffTds cGo
Joj:yf tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b^
sNof0fsf/L Joj:yf
#&=
sNof0fsf/L sf]if M k|lti7fgn] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lxsf] lxt Pj+ sNof0fsf] nflu

tf]lsPadf]lhd Ps sNof0fsf/L sf]if v8f ug{' kg{]5 .
#*=
Ifltk"lt{ M s'g} k|lti7fgsf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfgf] sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf

z/L/df 3fp rf]6 k6s nfu]df jf c+u e+u ePdf jf d[To' ePdf To;sf]
Ifltk"lt{ lgh jf lghsf] kl/jf/n] tf]lsP adf]lhd kfpg]5 .
#(=
pkbfg,
;+rosf]if / cf}iflw pkrf/ M sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lxn] kfpg]
pkbfg, ;+rosf]if / cf}iflw pkrf/ ;DaGwL ;'ljwfx tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
$)= labf M k|To]s k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lxn] kfpg] ;fj{hlgs labf,
la/fdL labf, 3/ labf, ;'Ts]/L labf, s[of labf, ljz]if labf,
kfl/>lds
;lxtsf] jf kfl/>lds /lxtsf] labf cflb tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$!=
af;:yfgsf] k|aGwM -!_ Joj:yfksn] sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lxsf] nflu

:jf:Yos/ af;:yfgsf] k|aGw ug{ k|To]s jif{ k|lti7fgsf] s"n d'gfkmf -u|;
k|f]lkm6_ sf] kfFr k|ltztdf g36g] u/L /sd 5'6\ofO{ qmdzM
af;:yfgsf]
k|aGw ub{} nfg' kg{]5 .

19
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd 5'6\ofOPsf] /sd hDdf ug{ Pp6f sf]if v8f
ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhdsf] sf]ifsf] ;~rfng tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
$@= afnsx
afnsxsf]
xsf] lgldQ Joj:yf M -!_ krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L dlxnf sfdbf/ tyf
sd{rf/Lx sfo{/t /xg] k|lti7fgsf] Joj:yfksn] To:tf dlxnf sfdbf/ tyf
sd{rf/Lxsf] afnsxsf] nflu :jf:Yok|b sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ df plNnlvt afnsxsf lgldQ cfjZos v]nf}gfsf] ;fy}
tfnLd k|fKt wfO{sf] k|aGw ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ dlxnf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lsf afnsxnfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ b'w
v'jfpg] ;do lbg' kg{]5 .
$#=
lj>fd sf]7f M krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /xg]
k|lti7fgdf Joj:yfksn] Go"gtd ;'ljwfo'Qm lj>fd sf]7fsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
$$= rd]gf u[x M Joj:yfksn] krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/L Ps}
;dodf sfd ug{] k|lti7fgdf rd]gf u[xsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
kl/R5]b&
ljz]if k|lti7fgsf] ;DaGwdf nfu" x'g] ljz]if k|fjwfgx
jwfgx
$%= lrofaufgM -!_ lrofaufgsf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljz]if k|fjwfgx nfu"
x'g]5g\ M
-s_
;ldltsf] u7gM
u7g g]kfn ;/sf/n] lrofaufgsf] k|j4{g,
gLlt lgdf{0f / tT;DaGwL cfjZos ;/;Nnfx lbgsf]
nflu tf]lsP adf]lhd Pp6f ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-v_
af;:yfgsf]
af;:yfgsf] k|aGwM lrofaufgsf] glhs 3/ gx'g]
lrofaufgsf sfdbf/xnfO{ Joj:yfksn] lrofaufg
leq pko'Qm cfjf;sf] k|aGw ug{' kg{]5 .
-u_
k|fylds :jf:Yof]krf/sf] k|aGw M Joj:yfksn] lrofaufg

leq sfo{/t sd{rf/L jf sfdbf/x tyf lghxsf
20
kl/jf/sf ;b:oxnfO{ ;d]t ;fgf ltgf rf]6k6s

nfu]sf avt lgMz'Ns k|fylds pkrf/ u/fpg Ps
tfnLd k|fKt sd{rf/Lsf] lhDdfdf /xg] u/L Ps k|fylds
:jf:Yof]krf/ s]Gb| :yfkgf ug{' kg{]5 .
-3_
;'/Iff
;fdu|LM
lrofaufgsf sfdbf/xsf] JolStut
;'/Iffsf] lgldQ cfjZos kg{] ;'/Iff ;fdu|L tyf

cf}hf/x Joj:yfksn] pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-_
k|fylds ljBfnosf] Joj:yfM

Joj:yf lrofaufgn] pknAw
u/fPsf] cfjf;df a:g] lrofaufgsf] sfdbf/xsf]
k|fylds lzIff xfl;n ug{] kfFr b]lv rf}w jif{ pd]/sf
krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L afnaflnsf ePdf / To:tf]
lrofaufgaf6 Ps lsnf]ld6/ ;Ddsf] b"/Ldf s'g} ljBfno
gePsf
lrofaufgsf]
Joj:yfksn]
To:tf
afnaflnsfxsf] lgldQ k|fylds ljBfnosf] ;~rfng

ug{' kg{]5 .
-r_
b}lgs pkef]Uo a:t' M lrofaufg glhs ahf/ gePsf]

cj:yfdf sfdbf/ sd{rf/Lxsf] lgldQ Joj:yfksn]
b}lgs pkef]Uo j:t' ;/n tl/sfaf6 pknAw x'g ;Sg]
Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg{]5 .
-5_
dgf]/Ghgsf]
k|aGw
lrofaufgsf
sfdbf/xsf]
dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s ljsf;sf nflu pko'Qm v]ns"bsf]

nflu cfjZos Joj:yf lrofaufg leq} Joj:yfksn] ug{'
kg{]5 .
-h_
7]Ssfdf sfd nufpg]

nufpgM lrofaufgsf] s'g} lglZrt sfd
7]Ssfdf ;DkGg ug{] ;DaGwdf lrofaufgsf sfdbf/ /
Joj:yfks aLr ;Df}tf ug{ o; bkmfn] afwf k'ofPsf]
dflgg] 5}g .
-@_ o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu,
21
-s_
lrofaufg
eGgfn]
Jofkfl/s
p2]Zon]
k|rlnt
sfg'gadf]lhd btf{ ePsf] lrofaufg ;Dg' k5{ / ;f]

zAbn]
sf/vfgf :yfkgf ePsf]df To;nfO{ ;d]t
hgfpg]5 .
-v_
lrofaufgsf sfdbf/ eGgfn] lrofaufgsf] hUufdf

vGg], hf]Tg], ;Dofpg], f]g{], 5g]{, /f]Kg], uf]8\g], sf6\g],
l6Kg], pv]Ng] / To:t} cGo sfd ug{] JolQm ;Dg' k5{ /
;f] zAbn] lrofaufgsf] 3/, hUuf jf d]lzg/L jf To;sf]
s'g} efusf] ;/;kmfO{ ug{] jf lrofaufg;+u ;DalGwt
c s'g} sfd ug{] AolQmnfO{ ;d]t hgfpg]5 .
$^= lgdf{0f Joj;fo M lgdf{0f Joj;fosf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljz]if k|fjwfgx nfu"
x'g]5g\ M
-s_
lgdf{0f ;DaGwL cf}hf/x

f/xsf]
xsf] Joj:yf M lgdf{0f:yndf lgdf{0f sfo{df
;+nUg sfdbf/xsf] lgldQ cfjZos kg{] cf}hf/ tyf ;fdu|Lx kof{Kt
dfqfdf Joj:yfkss} kIfaf6 pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 .
:ki6Ls/0f M o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu lgdf{0f sfo{ eGgfn] ejg,
;8s, k'n, gx/, ;'?, cfGtl/s tyf cGt/b]zLo hndfu{, /]ndfu{sf]
lgdf{0f sfo{ jf ljB't jf 6]lnkmf]g jf 6]lnu|fkm nufotsf b"/ ;+rf/
;DaGwL cf}hf/ jf d]lzg h8fg ug{] jf cGo lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfo{
;Dg' k5{ .
-v_
c:yfoL lgdf{0f:yndf x'g' kg{

kg{] ljz]if Joj:yf
Joj:yf M krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L
sfdbf/ ;+nUg x'g] c:yfoL lgdf{0f sfo{:yn glhs af;:yfg gx'g]
sfdbf/xsf]
nflu Joj:yfksn]
af;:yfg,
vfB ;fdu|L,
lkpg]
kfgL cflbsf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .

-u_
b'3{6gf aLdf M Joj:yfksn] lgdf{0f :yndf sfd ug{] sfdbf/xsf]

b'3{6gf aLdf tf]lsP adf]lhd u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-3_
;'/Iffsf] k|aGw M -!_ Joj:yfksn] lgdf{0f sfo{ x'g] :ynxdf cfjZos

tyf pko'Qm ;'/Iffsf] k|aGw ug{' kg{]5 .
22
-@_ Joj:yfksn] lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg sfdbf/sf] lgldQ

cfjZos kg{] JolQmut ;'/Iff ;DaGwL pks/0f -k;{gn k|f]6]lS6e
OlSjkd]06_ sf] Joj:yf ug{' kg{]5 .
$&= oftfoft Joj;fo M -!_ oftfoft Joj;fosf] ;DaGwdf b]xfosf ljz]if

k|fjwfgx nfu" x'g]5g\ M
-s_
sfd ug{] ;do M -!_ ;jf/L ;fwgdf sfd ug{] sfdbf/

tyf sd{rf/LnfO{ uGtJo :yfgdf gk'u];Dd sfddf
nufpg ;lsg]5 .
t/ nfdf] af6f] -n?6_ df dflg; cf];f/ k;f/
ug{] ;jf/L ;fwgdf clgjfo{ kdf cfnf] kfnf] u/L
rnfpg slDtdf b'O{ hgf rfnssf] Joj:yf x'g' kg{]5 .

:ki6Ls/0f
ki6Ls/0fM o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu nfdf]
af6f] eGgfn] ;jf/L tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$(

sf] bkmf @ sf] v08 -/_ adf]lhdsf] nfdf] af6f] -n?6_
;Dg' k5{ .
-@_ hLj hGt' jf dfn;fdfg cf];f/ k;f/ ug{]
nfdf] b"/Ldf rNg] ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfnsnfO{ uGtJo
:yfgdf k'Ug' cl3 7fpF 7fpFdf cf/fd ug{] Joj:yf x'g'
kg{]5 .
-v_
6Lk eQf M oftfoft ;]jfsf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{

lbgdf cf7 306f eGbf a9L ;do sfddf nufOPdf
To;/L a9L ;do sfd u/] afkt lghn] kfpg]
kfl/>ldssf] 8]9L kfl/>lds lbg' kg{]5 .
t/ rfn" /x]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgdf sfd ug{] sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/LnfO{ 6Lk eQf, v'/fsL eQf jf cGo o:t} eQf
lbPsf] cj:yfdf o; bkmf adf]lhd a9L ;do sfd u/]


23
afkt
To:tf] eQf jf lghn] kfpg] kfl/>ldssf] 8]9L
/sddWo] h'g a9L x'G5 ;f]xL kfpg]5 .

-u_
;jf/L ;fwg lau|]sf] tyf s'g} sf/0fn] ;jf/L /f]lsPsf]

cj:yfdf krf; k|ltzt eQf kfpg]
kfpg M rfn" /x]sf] ;jf/L
;fwgdf sfd ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ uGtJo
:yfgdf gk'Ub} ;jf/L ;fwg lau|L rNg g;Sg] cj:yf
ePsf] jf
s'g} sf/0fn] Ps}:yfgdf ;jf/L ;fwg /f]sL
/fVg' k/]sf] cj:yfdf lghxn] ;jf/L ;fwg rfn"/x]sf]

cj:yfdf kfpg] u/]sf] eQfsf] krf; k|ltzt eQf kfpg]
5g\ .
-3_
b'3{6gf aLdf M Joj:yfksn] rfn"/x]sf] ;jf/L ;fwgdf

sfd ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] b'3{6gfsf] aLdf ;jf/L
tyf oftfoft Joj:yf P]g, @)$( adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-_
k|fylds pkrf/ ;DaGwL ;fdu|LM oftfoft Joj;fo

;~rfnsn] k|To]s ;jf/L ;fwgdf cfjZos cf}iflw /
k|fylds pkrf/sf kof{Kt ;fdu|Lx /fVg' kg{]5 .
-r_
dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jgdf k|ltaGw M -!_ dflg;, hLjhGt'

jf dfnj:t' cf];f/ k;f/ ug{] ;jf/L ;fwgdf sfd ug{]
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] ;jf/L ;fwg rnfpg' cl3b]lv
uGtJo :yfgdf gk'u];Dd dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg ug{ kfpg]
5}g .
-@_ dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L ;jf/L ;fwg rnfPdf
To:tf] sfo{nfO{ v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] dfgL ;DalGwt
Joj:yfksn] To:tf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]jfaf6
x6fpg ;Sg]5 .

klxnf]
klxnf]
klxnf]
klxnf]
;+zf]wgf/f
;+zf]wgf/f
;+zf]wgf/f
;+zf]wgf/f
;+zf]lwt
;+zf]lwt
;+zf]lwt
;+zf]lwt
.
.
.
.
24
t/ To;/L ;]jfaf6 x6fpg' cl3 ;DalGwt

sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ :ki6Ls/0f k]z ug{] df}sf lbg'
kg{]5 .
-#_ pkv08 -@_ cGtu{tsf] cfb]zaf6 dsf{ kg{]
JolQmn] ;]jfaf6 x6fPsf] ;"rgf kfPsf] k}+tL; lbg leq
>d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-5_
sldzg Ph]06 M oftfoft k|lti7fgsf] xflh/L lstfadf

btf{ gePsf] a'ls jf dfna:t' 9'jfgL ug{] sldzg
Ph]06nfO{ of] P]g cGtu{tsf ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g] 5}g .
-h_
:jfldTj
kl/jt{g M
oftfoft Joj;foLn] cfgf]
:jfldTjdf /x]sf] ;jf/L ;fwg laqmL u/L jf cGo

sf/0faf6 :jfldTj kl/jt{g ePsf] sf/0faf6 ;jf/L
;fwgdf sfo{/t :yfoL jf Ps jif{ cljlR5Gg ;]jf u/]sf
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ x6fpg cfjZos ePdf o;
P]gadf]lhd kfpg ;Sg] ;'ljwf tyf Ifltk"lt{sf] cltl/Qm
Joj:yfks / sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L aLr ePsf] cfk;L
;Df}tf jf ;dbf/Laf6 yk Ifltk"lt{ kfpg] eP To:tf]
Ifltk"lt{ ;d]t lbP/ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg kfpg]5 .
-@_ o; bkmfsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu oftfoft Joj;fo eGgfn] oflGqs
;fwgsf] dfWodaf6 rNg] ;jf/Lsf] ;fwgf/f ef8f lnO{ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{]
7fpF;Dd dflg; jf hLjhGt' jf dfn;fdfg cf];f/ k;f/ ug{] oftfoft ;]jf
;Dg' k5{ .
-#_ bz hgf eGbf sd sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf] oftfot
Joj;fo ;DaGwL k|lti7fgsf] xsdf klg of] bkmfdf n]lvPsf] Joj:yf / bkmf $,
!), &@, &# / kl/R5]b $ / * sf] Joj:yf nfu" x'g]5 .
25
$*= xf]6]n, 6fen, 6]ls

s, P8e]Gr/, ofkm
ofkm6L,
fkm6L, hn,
hn, ;kmf/L cflb Joj;fo M
xf]6]n, 6fen, 6]ls, P8e]Gr/, ofkm6L, hn, ;kmf/L cflb Joj;fo ;DaGwdf
b]xfosf ljz]if k|fjwfgx nfu" x'g]5g\ M
-s_
dlxnfnfO{ sfddf nufpg ;lsg]

;lsg M xf]6n jf 6fen Ph]G;Lsf xsdf
sfdsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df ljz]if ;'/Iffsf] k|aGw u/L dlxnfO{ h'g;'s}
;dodf klg sfddf nufpg ;lsg]5 .
-v_
6]ls jf ofkm
ofkm6Ldf
f/Lxsf]
fkm6Ldf ;+nUg x'g] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx
xsf] ;'/Iff M
-!_
6]ls, ofkm6L jf cGo P8e]Gr/df ;+nUg sfdbf/ jf

sd{rf/Lxsf] lgldQ cfjZostfg';f/ JolStut ;'/Iff ;DaGwL
pks/0f -k;{gn
k|f]6]lS6e OlSjkd]06_ / :jf:Yosf] arfpsf]
nflu df};d cg';f/ cfjZos n'uf, h'Qf cflbsf] Joj:yf

Joj:yfksn] ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_
cfjZostfg';f/sf] p4f/sfo{ ug{], u/fpg] pQ/bfloTj ;DalGwt

Joj:yfkssf] x'g]5 .
-u_
b'3{6gf
aLdf u/fpg'
kg]{ M Joj:yfksn] 6]ls, ofkm6L, hn,
;kmf/L jf cGo P8e]Gr/df sfo{/t sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lxsf] clgjfo{

kn] tf]lsPadf]lhdsf] b'3{6gf aLdf u/fpg' kg{]5 .
-3_
kmLN8 eQf cflb lbg'kg{g] M 6]ls, ofkm6L jf cGo P8e]Gr/df ;+nUg

sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LxnfO{ sfo{:yndf k7fpFbf Joj:yfksn] kmLN8
eQf, v'/fsL eQf jf cGo o:t} eQf lbg' kg{]5 / o:tf] eQf lbPsf]df
o; P]gadf]lhd a9L sfd u/] afktsf]] a9L Hofnf lbg' kg{] 5}g .
-_
k|fylds pkrf/sf] Joj:yf M 6]ls, ofkm6L jf cGo P8e]Gr/df

;+nUg sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LxnfO{ sfo{:yndf k7fpFbf cfjZostfg';f/
kof{Kt dfqfdf k|fylds pkrf/sf cf}iflw tyf ;fdu|Lx Joj:yfksn]
pknAw u/fpg' kg{]5 .
26
$(= cGo Joj:yf klg nfu" x'g] M
bkmf $%, $^, $&, / $* df plNnlvt
k|lti7fgxsf] xsdf o; kl/R5]bdf plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] cltl/St of] P]g /

o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodsf] Joj:yf klg nfu" x'g]5 .
kl/R5]b *
cfr/0f / ;hfo
%)= ;hfosf] k|sf/ M Joj:yfksn] v/fa cfr/0f ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{
b]xfo adf]lhdsf] ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
gl;xt lbg],
-v_
jflif{s kfl/>lds a[l4 /f]Ssf ug{],
-u_ lgnDag ug{], jf
-3_
%!=
;]jfaf6 x6fpg] .
v/fa cfr/0f M bkmf %) sf] k|of]hgsf] nflu sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] b]xfosf]

cfr/0fnfO{ v/fa cfr/0f dflgg]5 M
-s_
>d ljjfb jf cGo ljifonfO{ lnP/ Joj:yfks, k|aGws jf sd{rf/Lsf]

lj?4 s'g} lsl;dsf] xftxltof/ k|of]u u/L jf gu/L zf/Ll/s rf]6 jf
cf3ft k'ofPdf jf afFw]df jf y'g5]s u/]df jf k|lti7fgsf] If]qleq x'nbf
jf tf]8kmf]8 jf s'6lk6 u/]df,
-v_
k|lti7fgsf] pTkfbg jf ;]jf k|lqmofdf c;/ kg{] u/L s'g} czflGt pTkGg
ug]{ sfo{ u/] u/fPdf jf cGg kfgL, 6]lnkmf]g, ljB't ;]jf aGb u/]df jf
k|lti7fg leq cfjt hfjt ug{ glbPdf,

-u_ k|lti7fgsf] ;DkQL rf]/L u/]df .
-u!_ k|lti7fgsf] sf/f]af/df lxgfldgf u/]df,
27
-u@_ lagf ;"rgf nuftf/ tL; lbgeGbf a9L ;do;Dd k|lti7fgdf pkl:yt
gePdf .
-3_
3"; lng] lbg] u/]df,
-_
g}lts ktg b]lvg] s'g} kmf}hbf/L cleof]udf bf]ifL k|dfl0ft eO{ s}bsf]
;hfo kfPdf,
-r_
clgoldt jf cj}w 3f]lift ePsf] x8tfndf efu lnPdf jf efu lng

afWo u/fPdf,
-5_
sfg'gL k|lqmof k"/f gu/L x8tfn u/]df jf k|lti7fgsf] lxt k|lts"n x'g]
u/L hfgfhfgL sfo{ ;':tL u/]df,
-h_
k|lti7fgsf] ;DklQ hfgf hfgL tf]8kmf]8 u/]df jf To;nfO{ Iflt k'ofPdf

jf clVtof/ k|fKt JolQmsf] :jLs[lt lagf k|lti7fg aflx/ nuL k|of]u
u/]df jf cglws[t JolQmnfO{ k|of]u ug{ lbPdf,
-_
of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod adf]lhd lbPsf] cfb]z jf

lgb{]zg jf k|lti7fgn] agfPsf] ljlgodsf] hfgfhfgL a/fa/ pNn+3g
u/]df jf k|lti7fgsf] u|fxs;+u b'Jo{jxf/ u/]df,
-`_
:jLs[lt glnO{ a/fa/ sfddf u}/ xflh/ ePdf jf xflh/ x'g' kg{] ;do
gf3L xflh/ x'g] u/]df,
-6_ sfo{ ;dodf dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u/L cfPsf] jf ;]jg u/]sf]
lrlsT;sf/f k|dfl0ft ePdf
-7_
cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] k|lti7fgnfO{ xfgL gf]S;fgL k'ofpg] p2]Zon] To:tf]

k|lti7fgsf] pTkfbg ;"q jf ljz]if k|ljlw ;DaGwL uf]klgotf e x'g]
s'g} sfd u/]df, jf
-8_
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] lxt, :jf:Yo / ;'/Iffsf] nflu /flvPsf] s'g} lrh

j:t'nfO{ hfgL hfgL b'kof]u u/]df jf gf]S;fg k'ofPdf .

28
%@=
;hfo M -!_ bkmf %! sf] v08 -_, -`_, jf -8_ sf] cfr/0f ug{] sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ gl;xt lbg ;lsg]5 .
-@_ bkmf %! sf]
v08 -u!_, -r_, -5_ jf -h_ sf] cfr/0f ug{] nfO{
jflif{s kfl/>lds a[l4 /f]Ssf ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-#_ bkmf %! sf]
v08 -v_, -3_ jf -6_ sf] cfr/0f ug{]nfO{ a9Ldf
tLg dxLgf;Dd lgnDag ug{ ;lsg]5 .

-$_ bkmf %! sf]
v08 -s_, -u_, -u@_, -_ jf -7_ sf] cfr/0f
ug{]nfO{ ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .

-%_ pkbkmf -!_, -@_ jf -#_ cGtu{tsf] s'g} v/fa cfr/0f u/] afkt b'O{
k6s ;hfo kfO{ ;s]kl5 klg k'gM To:tf] cfr/0f ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{
;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;lsg]5 .
t/ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{t kfPsf] ;hfo tLg jif{ Joltt eO;s]kl5
u0fgf ul/g] 5}g .

-^_
Joj:yfksn] o; bkmf adf]lhd tf]lsPsf] eGbf sd ;hfo ug{
o; bkmfdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/fn] afwf k'ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g .
%#=
sfo{ljlw M -!_ :yfoL sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ bkmf %@ cGtu{t ;hfo ug'{

cl3 v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] tYo / ;f] k|dfl0ft ePdf x'g ;Sg] ;hfo ;d]t :ki6
pNn]v u/L To:tf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ cfgf] :ki6Ls/0f k]z ug{ sDtLdf
;ft lbgsf] Dofb lbg' kg]{5 .
t/ To:tf] v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] ldltn] b'O{ dlxgf gfl3;s]kl5 ;f]
;DaGwdf s'g} sf/afxL ug{ kfOg] 5}g .


29
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln]
:ki6Ls/0f k]z gu/]df jf k]z u/]sf] :ki6Ls/0f ;Gtf]ifhgs gePdf lghnfO{

v/fa cfr/0f u/] afkt bkmf %@ adf]lhd ;hfo ug{ ;lsg]5 .
t/ To:tf] ;hfo ug]{ ;DaGwdf lg0f{o ubf{ :ki6Ls/0fdf dfu ul/Psf]
b'O{ dlxgfleq ul/;Sg' kg]{5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{tsf] Dofb ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] a'L
glnPdf jf lgh u}/ xflh/ ePdf lghsf] gfpFsf] Dofb lghsf] 7]ufgfdf
x'nfsaf6 /lhi6/ u/L k7fO{ ;f]sf] k|ltlnkL k|lti7fgsf] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf
kf6Ldf 6fF;L ;f] 6fF;]sf] d'r'Nsf u/L ;f] d'r'Nsfdf slDtdf tLg hgf JolQmnfO{
;fIfL /fvL ;f] Dofbsf] Psk|lt ;DalGwt >d sfof{nodf k7fPdf ;f] Dofbsf]
hfgsf/L lgh sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ePsf] dflgg]5 .
%$= >d ljefun] ;]jfaf6 x6fpg ;Sg] M -!_ cfkm" sfo{/t /x]sf] k|lti7fg afx]s
cGo k|lti7fg jf ;/sf/L sfof{nodf u}/ sfg'gL tl/sfaf6 x'nbf ug{] jf 3]/fp
ug{] jf To:tf] ug{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf kdf k|f]T;fxg lbg] sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/LnfO{ >d ljefun] bkmf %@ adf]lhd s'g} ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ ;hfo ug'{ kbf{
bkmf %# adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw ckgfpg' kg{]5 .
%%=
Joj:yfks jf k|aGwssf] v/fa cfr/0f M -!_ Joj:yfks jf k|aGwsn] b]xfo

adf]lhd u/]df v/fa cfr/0f u/]sf] dflgg]5 M
-s_
of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf]

cfb]z jf lgb{]zgsf] pNn+3g jf cjx]ngf u/]df,
-v_
o; P]gsf] k|lts"n x'g] u/L k|lti7fg aGb u/]df jf

sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] s6f}tL u/]df,

-u_
cj}w 3f]lift u/]sf] tfnfaGbL hf/L /fv]df,
-3_
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ s'6kL6 jf xftkft u/]df, jf

30
-_
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L aLr j}dgZotf jf
dgd'6fj
Nofpg] p2]Zon] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ pQ]lht kfg{]

jf e8\sfpg] lqmofsnfk u/]df .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} v/fa cfr/0f ug]{ Joj:yfks jf
k|jGwsnfO{ ;DalGwt >d sfof{non] bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf u/L s'g}

sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ xflg gf]S;fgL k'u]sf] eP plrt Ifltk"lt{ lbnfO{ pkbkmf
-!_ sf] v08 -v_ adf]lhd s6f}tL ul/Psf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ axfnL
u/fpg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
-#_
%^=
=
==========================
;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ afwf lbPdf ;hfo M o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s'g} sf/jfxLdf

;+nUg /x]sf] s'g} ;/sf/L sd{rf/LnfO{ s;}n] afwf lbPdf jf lghn] cfkm"5]p
k]z u/fpg rfx]sf] s'g} /lhi6/ lstfa jf c lnvt k]z gu/]df jf lghn]
k]z u/fpg jf hfFRg cfb]z lbPsf] s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ pkl:yt
gu/]df jf hfFRg glbPdf To:tf] JolQmnfO{ >d sfof{non]
kfFr xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
%&=
c b08 ;hfo M o; P]gsf] cGo bkmfdf ;hfosf] Joj:yf ePsf]df afx]s of]
P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod jf hf/L ul/Psf] lnlvt cfb]z jf
lgb{]zgsf] cGo s'g} s'/f pNn\3g ug{] JolStnfO{ To:tf] k|To]s s;"/ u/] afkt
s;"/sf] dfqf cg';f/ >d ljefun] bz xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5
/ To:tf] s;"/ k|dfl0ft eO;s] kl5 klg To:tf] s;"/ rfn"g} /fv]df To;/L
rfn"/flvPsf] k|To]s lbgsf] lgldQ yk Ps;o ?k}ofF h/Ljfgf x'g]5 .
%*= sfd sf/jfO{ ab/ x'g] M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{tsf] lgoddf cGoyf Joj:yf
ul/Psf]df afx]s o; P]g / o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgodsf] lak/Lt s'g} sfd
s'/f eP u/]sf] /x]5 eg] ;f] sfd sf/jfO{ >d ljefusf] cfb]zn] ab/ x'g]5 .


31
%(=
d'2fsf] bfo/L / xbDofb M -!_ o; P]g cGtu{t ;hfo x'g] s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf
>d
sfof{no jf ;f] sfof{nosf] cg'dlt k|fKt JolQmsf]
jf kLl8t jf
;/f]sf/jfnf jf ;DalGwt 6]8 o'lgogsf] ph"/Laf6 d'2f bfo/ x'g ;Sg]5 .

-@_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] ;hfo x'g] s;"/sf] ;DaGwdf ;f] ldltn] tLg
dxLgf leq bfo/ ug{' kg{]5 .
===========================
-#_ o; P]g cGtu{tsf] s;"/ u/] afkt o; P]gsf] bkmf bkmfdf ;hfo
ug{] clwsf/L tf]lsPsf]df ;f]xL clwsf/L ;dIf / ;f] afx]s c s;"/ ;DaGwL
d'2f >d cbfntdf bfo/ ug{' kg{]5 .
^)=
k'g/fj]bg M o; kl/R5]b cGt{ut lbPsf] s'g} ;hfo jf cfb]z pk/ lrQ ga'g]
kIfn] To:tf] ;hfo jf cfb]zsf] ;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbg leq b]xfo
adf]lhd k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 M
-s_
g]kfn ;/sf/ jf >d ljefun] u/]sf] cfb]z pk/ k'g/fj]bg cbfntdf,
-v_
>d cbfntn] z'? sf/jfxL / lsgf/f u/]sf] d'2fsf] xsdf k'g/fj]bg

cbfntdf, /
-u_
Joj:yfks jf cGo clwsf/L jf sfof{non] u/]sf] ;hfo / cfb]z pk/

;DalGwt >d cbfntdf .
^!=
b08 hl/jfgfsf] c;"nL M o; P]gadf]lhd nfu]sf] b08 hl/jfgf k|rlnt

sfg'gadf]lhd ;/sf/L afFsL ;/x c;"n pk/ ul/g]5 .
kl/R5]b (
;ldlt, clwsf/L / cGo Joj:yf
^@=
s]Gb|Lo >d ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt M -!_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] >d ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0f
Pj+ sfg'g th{'df ug{] ;DaGwdf cfjZos /fo ;Nnfx k|fKt ug{sf] lgldQ
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L, Joj:yfks / g]kfn ;/sf/sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L Ps
lqkIfLo s]Gb|Lo >d ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 .

klxnf] ;+zf]wgf/f k|ltaGwfTDs jfSof+z lemlsPsf] .
32
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{tsf] ;ldltsf] u7g ljlw, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ ;ldltn] cfgf] a}7s ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw cfkm}F Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
^#=
>d ;DaGw ;ldlt M -!_ k|To]s k|lti7fgdf Joj:yfksn] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L

/ Joj:yfkg aLr ;f}xfb{k"0f{ jftfj/0f l;h{gf u/L cfk;L ;xeflutf /
;dGjosf] cfwf/df :j:y >d jf cf}Bf]lus ;DaGw ljsl;t ug{ Ps >d
;DaGw ;ldlt u7g ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltsf] u7g ljlw, sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ cGtu{tsf] ;ldltn] cfgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} Jojl:yt ug{
;Sg]5 .
^$= >d clws[tsf] lgo'lQm M g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L
s'g} If]qsf] nflu cfjZostfg';f/ Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L >d clws[txsf]
lgo'lQm ug{ jf cGo s'g} clws[tnfO{ >d clws[tsf] sfo{ ug{] u/L tf]Sg
;Sg]5 .
^%=
>d clws[tsf] clwsf/ M -!_ >d clws[tnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf] clwsf/

x'g]5 M
-s_
k|lti7fgsf]
lgldQ
k|of]u
eO/x]sf]
:yfgdf
cfjZostfg';f/ k|j]z ug{],

-v_
k|lti7fgdf /x]sf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L ;DaGwL sfuhft

Pj+ /lhi6/ hfFr ug{],
-u_
>d ;DaGwdf ;'wf/ Nofpg cfjZos sfd ug{] jf

;Nnfx lbg],
-3_
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L / Joj:yfks aLr pTkGg ljjfb

;dfwfg ug{ k|oTg ug{],
33
-_
sNof0fsf/L Joj:yf nfu" gePsf]df To:tf] Joj:yf nfu"

u/fpg] / To:tf] Joj:yf nfu"eO/x]sf]df ;'rf? kn]
;~rfng eP gePsf] /]vb]v ug{],
-r_
g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] Go"gtd kfl/>lds nfu" u/]

gu/]sf] /]vb]v ug{],
-5_
o; P]gsf] p2]Zo k"lt{sf nflu cfjZostfg';f/ s;}sf]

aofg lng],
-h_
sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] cg'kl:yltdf lghn] ug{' kg{]

k|fljlws sfd afx]ssf cGo sfd ug{], /
-_
g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf >d ljefusf] lgb{]zfg';f/ cGo sfd

ug{] .
-@_ >d clws[tsf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
^^=
sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] lgo'lQmM g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt

u/L
s'g} If]qsf] nflu cfjZostfg';f/ Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L sf/vfgf
lg/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ jf g]kfn clw/fHo e/sf] nflu Pp6f k|d'v sf/vfgf
lg/LIfs lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
^&=
sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] clwsf/

clwsf/M -!_ sf/vfgf lg/LIfsnfO{ b]xfo adf]lhdsf]
clwsf/ x'g]5 M
-s_
sf/vfgfsf]
lgldQ
k|of]u
u/L
/fv]sf]
:yfgdf
cfjZostfg';f/ k|j]z ug{],

-v_
sf/vfgfsf] 3/, hUuf, KnfG6, d]lzg, :jf:Yo / ;'/Iff

;DaGwL hfFr ug{], sf/vfgfdf k|of]u ul/g] tof/L /
cw{tof/L j:t'xsf] gd"gf lnO{ hfFRg], hfFRg nufpg],
sf/vfgf
;DaGwL
/lhi6/
sfuhft
x]g{]
cfjZostfg';f/ s;}sf] aofg lng],
34
-u_
Jjfon/ tyf k]|;/ e];nx hfFr u/L ;~rfngsf] nflu

Ohfht lbg],
-3_
sfdbf/
jf
sd{rf/Lsf]
tfnLdsf]
Joj:yf
ug{
Joj:yfksnfO{ cfjZos ;/;Nnfx / ;xof]u lbg],

-_
>d clws[t gePsf] cj:yfdf lghsf] sfd, st{Jo /

clwsf/ k|of]u ug{], /
-r_
g]kfn ;/sf/ / >d ljefusf] lgb{]zfg';f/ cGo sfo{x

ug{] .
-@_ sf/vfgf lg/LIfssf] cGo sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP adf]lhd

x'g]5 .
^*=
sNof0fsf/L clws[t M -!_ b'O{;o krf; jf ;f] eGbf a9L sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L
sfo{/t /xg] k|lti7fgdf Ps sNof0fsf/L clws[t / Psxhf/ eGbf a9L sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/L ePsf]df yk Pshgf ;xfos sNof0fsf/L clws[t ;d]t lgo'Qm ug{'
kg{]5 .
-@_ b'O{;o krf; eGbf sd sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L ePsf] k|lti7fgsf]
Joj:yfksn] ;f]xL k|lti7fgdf sfo{/t s'g} clws[tnfO{ sNof0fsf/L clws[t tf]Sg
jf lgo'Qm ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd sNof0fsf/L clws[t / ;xfos sNof0fsf/L
clws[t lgo'Qm ul/Psf]df To;sf] hfgsf/L >d ljefunfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -!_ jf -@_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm jf tf]lsPsf] sNof0fsf/L clws[t
Pj+ ;xfos sNof0fsf/L clws[tsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ tf]lsP adf]lhd
x'g]5 .
^(=
k|lti7fg :yfkgf ug{ hgfp lbg' kg{] M -!_ s'g} 3/ hUufdf k|lti7fg v8f
ug{, agfpg jf eO/x]sf]nfO{ a9fpg k/]df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f v'nfO{
Joj:yfksn] >d sfof{nodf k7fpg' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd k|fKt x'g cfPsf] ljj/0f pk/ ;DalGwt >d
sfof{non] hfFra' ubf{ :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff / kof{j/0f ;d]tsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 plNnlvt
35
ljj/0fdf x]/km]/ ug{ cfjZos b]lvPdf ;f] ug{ lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 / To:tf] lgb{]zg
kfng ug{' ;DalGwt Joj:yfkssf] st{Jo x'g]5 .
&)= Joj:yfksn] ;"rgf lbg' kg{]M -!_ Joj:yfksn] k|lti7fgsf] lgldQ s'g} gofF
3/ hUuf ef]u rng jf pkof]u ug{' kbf{ To;sf] kGw| lbg cufj} ;DalGwt >d
sfof{no ;dIf tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] ljj/0f v'nfO{ lnlvt ;"rgf lbg' kg{]5 .
-@_ Joj:yfks jf k|aGwsn] cfgf] sfo{ef/ klxnf] k6s ;Dxfn]sf]
ldltn] ;ft lbg leq To;sf] ;"rgf >d sfof{nonfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
&!=
;"rgf / kf]i6/ M >d clws[t jf sf/vfgf lg/LIfsn] k|lti7fgsf] Joj:yfks

jf k|aGwsnfO{ of] P]g jf o; P]g cGt{ut ag]sf] lgodxdf Joj:yf ul/Psf]
tyf sd{rf/L ;DaGwL :jf:Yo, ;'/Iff Pj+ sNof0fsf/L Joj:yf ;DaGwL ;"rgf /
kf]i6/ ;a}n] ;xh} b]Vg / a'g ;Sg] u/L k|lti7fgdf k|bz{g ug{' kg{] u/L
lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .
kl/R5]b!)
>d ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg

&@= >d cbfntsf] u7g M -!_ o; P]gsf] k|of]hgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn
/fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L cfjZos ;+Vofdf >d cbfnt u7g ug]{5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd u7g ePsf] >d cbfntsf] d'sfd tyf k|fb]lzs
If]qflwsf/ ;f]xL ;"rgfdf tf]lsPadf]lhd x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd Pp6f dfq >d cbfnt u7g ePsf]df To:tf]
cbfntsf] d'sfd sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf /xg]5 / ;f] cbfntn] cfjZostf cg';f/
g]kfnleq cGo 7fpFdf klg Ohnf; sfod ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-$_ >d cbfntsf] sfo{ljlw tf]lsP adf]lhd x'g]5 .
-%_ of] bkmf k|f/De x'Fbfsf avt sfod /x]sf] +>d cbfnt o; P]gadf]lhd
g} u7g ePsf] dflgg]5 .
Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{ ag]sf] P]g, @)^& f/f ;+zf]lwt .
36
&@s= dfgxfgLdf sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sg]

;Sg] M >d cbfntn] cfgf] cjx]ngfdf
sf/afxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 / cjx]ngf u/]sf] 7x/fPdf cleo'QmnfO{ kfFr xhf/
?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf jf b'O{ dlxgf;Dd s}b jf b'j} ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 .
t/ cbfntnfO{ ;Gtf]if x'g] u/L cleo'Qmn] Ifdfofrgf u/]df cbfntn]
lghnfO{ Ifdf ug{ jf ;hfo tf]ls;s]sf] eP ;hfo dfkm ug{, 36fpg jf
cbfntn] tf]s]sf] zt{df ;hfo d'ntaL /fvL To:tf] zt{sf] kfngf ePdf ;hfo
sfof{Gjog gug]{ cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
&#=
JolQmut bfaL jf ph"/L ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwM -!_
Ps jf Ps eGbf a9L
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] Joj:yfks;+u ;]jf ;DaGwdf JolQmut bfaL jf ph"/L

ePdf ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] ;DalGwt Joj:yfks ;dIf lnlvt
kdf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd bfaL jf ph"/L k|fKt ePkl5 Joj:yfksn] kGw|
lbg leq ;DalGwt
sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/L;+u 5nkmn u/L ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{'
kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd 5nkmn ubf{ ;d:of ;dfwfg x'g g;s]df sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/Ln] cfgf] bfaL :ki6 pNn]v u/L ;DalGwt >d sfof{nodf lgj]bg ug{
;Sg]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] bfaL k|fKt ePsf] kGw| lbg leq >d sfof{non]
Joj:yfks / sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L aLr b'O{ kIfLo 5nkmn u/fO{ ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{' kg{]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd ;d:of ;dfwfg gePdf ;DalGwt >d
sfof{nosf] k|d'vn] ;ft lbg leq k|:t't ljjfbdf lg0f{o ug{' kg{]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ cGtu{tsf] lg0f{o pk/ lrQ ga'g] kIfn] lg0f{o ePsf]
;"rgf kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbg leq >d cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&$= ;fd"lxs ljjfb ;DaGwL bfaL k]z ug{] sfo{ljlw M -!_
k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/
jf sd{rf/Lxsf] ;fd"lxs xs, lxt / ;'ljwf ;DaGwL bfaL :ki6;Fu pNn]v u/L

37
k|lti7fgsf ;DalGwt sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx dWo] slDtdf PsfpGg k|ltztn]

x:tfIf/ u/L cfgf] k|ltlglwx ;d]t vf]nL lghx dfkm{t ;DalGwt
Joj:yfks ;dIf lnlvt dfu bfaL k|:t't ug{' kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhdsf] ljjfb ;DaGwL bfaL k|fKt ePkl5 Joj:yfksn]
;f]xL pkbkmf adf]lhdsf] k|ltlglwx;+u lkIfLo jftf{ u/L PSsfO; lbg leq
;d:of ;dfwfg u/L ;Df}tf ug{' kg{]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd ;d:of ;dfwfg gePdf >d sfof{nosf] /f]xj/df
lkIfLo jftf{ u/fO{ kGw| lbg leq ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{' kg{]5 .
-$_ pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhd jftf{f/f ;d:of ;dfwfg gePdf Joj:yfks /
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L b'a} kIfsf] kf/:kl/s dGh"/Laf6 lgo'Qm dWo:y ;dIf jf To:tf]
dWo:y lgo'Qm x'g g;s]df b'a} kIfsf] dGh"/Ln] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L, Joj:yfks /
;/sf/sf] ;d]t ;dfg ;+Vofdf k|ltlglwTj ePsf] g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ul7t lqkIfLo
;ldlt ;dIf ljjfb k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-%_ pkbkmf -$_ adf]lhd lgo'Qm dWo:y jf ;ldltn] kGw| lbg leq
lg0f{o ug{' kg{]5 .
-^_ pkbkmf -%_ cGtu{tsf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'g] kIfn] lg0f{o ePsf] ;"rgf
kfPsf] ldltn] k}+tL; lbg leq g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-&_
pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] Dofbleq dWo:y jf ;ldltn] lg0f{o gu/]df
jf pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd g]kfn ;/sf/ ;dIf k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]df ;f] k'g/fj]bg k/]sf]
ldltn] ;f7L lbgleq g]kfn ;/sf/af6 lg0f{o gePdf sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] bkmf
&^ sf] k|lqmof cjnDag u/L x8\tfn ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&%=
bfjL k|:t't ug{df k|ltaGw M o; cl3 h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg b]xfo
adf]lhdsf] dfu jf bfaL k|:t't ug{ kfOg] 5}g M

-s_ g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg k|lts"n x'g],
-v_

ck|dfl0ft jf cfwf/xLg cf/f]ksf] cfwf/df s;}sf] lxt k|lts"n x'g],
u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g, @)^^ f/f ;+zf]lwt .
38
-u_
s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf] JolQmut cfr/0fdf c;/ kg{] ljifo,
-3_
cfgf] k|lti7fg;Fu c;DalGwt ljifo, /
-_
;fd"lxs ;Df}tf ePsf] b'O{ jif{ Joltt geO{ .
&^= x8tfn ug{ ;"rgf lbg' kg{

kg{] M bkmf &$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ df pNn]lvt k|s[ofaf6
dfusf] ;dfwfg x'g g;sL sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] k|lti7fgdf x8tfn ug{
rfx]df cfgf] dfu bfaL / To;sf] cf}lrTo ;lxtsf] ;"rgf tL; lbg cufj}
;DalGwt Joj:yfks ;dIf ;Dk"0f{
sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx dWo] slDtdf
;f7L k|ltztn] uf]Ko dtbfgaf6 kfl/t u/]sf] k|:tfj / ;f] ;DaGwL lnlvt
;"rgf lbO{ To:sf] hfgsf/L >d ljefu, ;DalGwt >d sfof{no / :yfgLo
k|zf;gnfO{ lbO{ x8tfn ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&&=
tfnfaGbL M -!_bkmf &^ cg';f/ k"j{ ;"rgf glbO{ x8tfn u/]df jf x8tfn
hf/L /fv]df jf bkmf &$ sf] pkbkmf -#_ adf]lhdsf] k|s[ofaf6 ;fd"lxs ljjfb
;dfwfg geO{ Joj:yfks kIfaf6 cf}lrTo ;lxtsf] k'i6\ofO{ lbO{
g]kfn
;/sf/sf] :jLs[lt lnO{ k|lti7fgn] tfnfaGbL ug{ ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd tfnfaGbL ug{' cl3 x8tfn ;dfKt gu/]df
tfnfaGbL x'g]5 egL slDtdf ;ft lbg cufj} ;a}
sfdbf/
tyf sd{rf/Lxsf]
hfgsf/Lsf] nflu tfnfaGbLsf] ldlt ;d]t pNn]v u/L Joj:yfksn] ;"rgf hf/L ug{'
kg{]5 .
-#_ x8tfn cjlwdf
sfdbf/
tyf sd{rf/Laf6 3]/fp, x'nbf, tf]8kmf]8
cflb eO{ k|lti7fgnfO{ Iflt k'Ug hfg] l:ylt ePdf Joj:yfksn] pkbkmf -!_ / -@_
sf] k|s[of k"/f gu/L klg tfnfaGbL ug{ ;Sg]5 . To;/L tfnfaGbL ul/Pdf tfnfaGbL
ug{' k/]sf] cf}lrTo ;lxtsf] hfgsf/L tLg lbg leq >d sfof{no / >d ljefunfO{
lbg' kg{]5 .
-$_
s'g} k|lti7fgdf nufOPsf] tfnfaGbL cf}lrToxLg b]lvPdf jf ;f]
af6 b]zsf] zflGt / ;'/Iffdf vnn kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf b]lvPdf jf b]zsf] cfly{s

39
lxtsf] k|lts"n x'g] ePdf To:tf] tfnfaGbLnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} klg ;dodf
cj}w 3f]lift ug{ ;Sg]5 .
&*= x8tfn ug{ k|ltaGw M -!_ o; P]gdf o; cl3 h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg
k|rlnt sfg'gn] s'g} k|lti7fgdf sfd ug{] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] x8tfn ug{
gkfpg] u/L k|ltaGw nufPsf] /x]5 eg] To:tf] k|lti7fgsf sfdbf/ jf
sd{rf/Ln] x8tfn ug{ kfpg] 5}g .
-@_ s'g} k|lti7fgsf] lgoGq0f, ;'/Iff / kfnf] kx/f ug]{ sfo{df lgo'Qm ePsf
jf vl6Psf sd{rf/Ln] klg x8tfndf efu lng kfpg] 5}g .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ / -@_ cg';f/ x8tfn ug{ gkfpg] sd{rf/Lxn] cfgf]
hfoh dfux Joj:yfks ;dIf k|:t't ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf] dfu ;dfwfg geO{
ljjfb pTkGg x'g uPdf ;f] sf] ;dfwfgsf] nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps l6Jo"gn
u7g ug]{5 . l6Jo"gnsf] lg0f{o clGtd / b'a} kIfnfO{ dfGo x'g]5 .
-$_ bkmf &$ cGtu{tsf] sf/jfxL rln/x]sf] cj:yfdf x8tfn jf tfnfaGbL
ug{ kfOg] 5}g .
&(=
;fd"lxs ;Df}tfsf] sfg'

sfgg' L dfGotf M -!_ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L tyf
Joj:yfkssf] aLrdf pTkGg ljjfbsf] 6'f] nufpg ul/Psf] ;Df}tf ;DalGwt
kIfsf] lgldQ sfg'g ;/x dflgg]5 / ;f] ;Df}tf >d sfof{nodf btf{ ug{'
kg{]5 .
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd btf{ ul/Psf] ;Df}tfdf ;f] ;Df}tf nfu" x'g]
ldlt pNn]v ePsf]df ;f]xL ldlt b]lv / To:tf] ldlt pNn]v gul/Psf]df >d
sfof{nodf btf{ ePsf] ldltaf6 nfu" x'g]5 / nfu" ePsf] ldltaf6 b'O{ jif{;Dd
;Df}tfdf plNnlvt Aoj:yfxsf] ;DaGwdf k'gM dfu /fVg kfOg] 5}g .
&(s= ;fd'lxs ;Df}tfsf] sfof{Gjog M -!_ o; P]gadf]lhd ul/Psf] ;fd'lxs

;Df}tfsf] sfof{Gjog gePdf ;DalGwt kIfn] >d sfof{nodf ph'/L ug{
;Sg]5 .

40
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd s'g} ph'/L k/]df >d sfof{non] cfjZostf
cg';f/ bkmf @% sf] pkbkmf -%_ df plNnlvt k|s[of ;d]t cjnDag u/L
;fd'lxs ;Df}tfsf] sfof{Gjog ug{ ;Sg]5 .
*)= x8tfnnfO{ /f]Sg cfb]z lbg ;Sg] M of] P]g jf o; P]g cGtu{t ag]sf] lgod
adf]lhd ul/g] elgPsf] jf rfn"ul/Psf] x8tfnn] c;fwf/0f l:ylt pTkGg eO{
b]zsf] zflGt ;'/Iffdf vnn kfg{ ;Sg] b]lvPdf jf b]zsf] cfly{s lxtsf]
k|lts"n x'g] ePdf jf k|rlnt sfg'gadf]lhd tf]lsPsf] cTofjZos ;]jfdf
ePsf] x8tfnnfO{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] s'g} klg ;dodf /f]Sg cfb]z lbg ;Sg]5 .
*!=
tfnfaGbLsf] cjlwsf] ;dfKtL M s'g} k|lti7fgdf tfnfaGbL ul/Psf]df

k|lti7fgsf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lx sfddf pkl:yt ePdf jf Joj:yfksn]
tfnfaGbL ;dfKt ePsf] 3f]if0ff u/]df jf bkmf && adf]lhd tfnfaGbLnfO{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] cj}w 3f]lift u/]df jf bkmf *) adf]lhd x8tfn /f]Sg] cfb]z lbPdf
To;/L cj}w 3f]lift ePsf] jf cfb]z lbPsf] ldlt b]lv tfnfaGbL ;dfKt ePsf]
dflgg]5 .
*@= tfnfaGbLsf] cjlwsf] kfl/>lds M cj}w tfnfaGbLsf] cjlwsf] kfl/>lds

sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ lbg' kg{]5 .
*#=
ljjfb ;dfwfg;DaGwL
;dfwfg;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yf M -!_ sfdbf/
jf
sd{rf/L
tyf
Joj:yfks aLr s'g} ljjfb pTkGg ePsf] jf x'g] ;Defjgf 5 egL g]kfn
;/sf/nfO{ nfu]df To:tf] ljjfbsf] ;dfwfg ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] Ps jf Ps
eGbf a9L JolQmsf] ;ldlt jf Joj:yfks, sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L / g]kfn
;/sf/sf] k|ltlglw ;dfj]z ePsf] lqkIfLo ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;ldltn]
cfgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-@_pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t ;ldltsf] k|ltj]bgsf] cfwf/df g]kfn
;/sf/n] lbPsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 / b'a} kIfnfO{ dfGo x'g]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd ul7t ;ldltnfO{ u8fsf] ;DaGwdf ;fIfL k|df0f
a'g], ;fIfLxnfO{ pkl:yt u/fpg], lnvtx k]z u/fpg] ;DaGwdf k|rlnt
sfg'gadf]lhd cbfntnfO{ eP ;/xsf] clwsf/ x'g]5 .
41
kl/R5]b !!
ljljw
*$= g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
;/sf/sf] ljz]if clwsf/ M
-!_ o; P]gdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f
n]lvPsf] eP tfklg g]kfn ;/sf/n] s]Gb|Lo >d ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt;+u k/fdz{

u/L o; P]gdf n]lvPsf] s'g} s'/f g]kfn /fhqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L s'g}
k|lti7fgsf] xsdf nfu" gx'g] u/L 5'6 lbg ;Sg]5 .
-@_ bzhgf eGbf sd sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/L sfo{/t /x]sf k|lti7fgsf
xsdf ;d]t Go"gtd kfl/>lds tyf o; P]gadf]lhd tf]lsPsf s]xL ;'ljwfx
g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L tf]Sg ;Sg]5 .
*$s= k|lti7fg aflx/sf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lx

f/Lxsf]
xsf] ;DaGwdf ljz]if Joj:yf M
-!_ k|lti7fg aflx/sf sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/LxnfO{ sfddf nufpg] JolQm jf
;+:yfn] b'O{ kIf aLr lnlvt ;Df}tf ePsf]df ;f] ;Df}tf adf]lhd / ;Df}tf
gePsf]df sfddf nufPsf] lbgsf] kfl/>lds ;ft lbgleq lbO{;Sg' kg]{5 .
-@_ s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] s'g} sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/LnfO{ kfl/>lds glbPdf
jf lbg l9nfO{ u/]df ;f] af6 dsf{ kg]{ sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] >d sfof{no ePsf]
lhNnfdf >d sfof{nodf / >d sfof{no gePsf] lhNnfdf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L
;dIf cfkm"n] kfpg' kg]{ kfl/>lds kfpg ph'/L ug{ ;Sg]5 .
-#_ pkbkmf -@_ adf]lhd s'g} ph'/L k/]df ;DalGwt >d sfof{no jf k|d'v
lhNnf clwsf/Ln] To;/L kfl/>lds glbg] JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ af6f]sf] Dofb afx]s
kGw| lbgleq lsfO{ To:tf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Ln] kfpg] kfl/>lds bkmf @% sf]
pkbkmf -%_ adf]lhdsf] k|lqmofaf6 e/fO{ lbg' kg]{5 .
*%= afwf c8sfp k'msfpg] clwsf/ M of] P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ s'g} afwf
c8sfp k/]df g]kfn ;/sf/n] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L cfb]z hf/L
u/L afwf c8sfp k'msfpg ;Sg]5 .
*^=
lgodx
lgodx agfpg] clwsf/ M -!_ of] P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] lgodx agfpg ;Sg]5 .


42
-@_ pkbkmf -!_ n] lbPsf] clwsf/sf] ;j{;fdfGotfdf k|lts"n k|efj

gkg{] u/L tL lgodxdf ljz]if u/]/ b]xfosf ljifoxdf Joj:yf ug{
;lsg]5 M
-s_
dhb"/xsf] ;'/Iff ;DaGwL,
-v_
/f]huf/ ;]jf ;~rfng ug{,
-u_
cltl/Qm ;do sfd u/fpg] zt{x,
-3_
sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lxsf] bIftf a[l4 ug{] k|lzIf0f

;~rfng ug{,
-_
>d cbfnt ;DaGwL sfo{ljlw,
-r_
sfdbf/ sd{rf/LxnfO{ lbg] Ifltk"lt{,
-5_
sfdbf/ tyf sd{rf/Lxsf] tYof+s ;+sng, /
-h_
>d ahf/sf] ;"rgf ;+sng .
*&= ljlgod pknAw u/fpg' kg{]M k|To]s k|lti7fgn] cfgf] sfdbf/ jf sd{rf/Lsf]
;]jf, zt{ ;DaGwdf agfPsf] ljlgodsf] k|lt ;DalGwt >d sfof{nodf k7fpg'
kg{]5 .
**= g]kfn ;/sf/sf]

;/sf/sf] :jfldTj ePsf] k|lti7fg ;DaGwL Joj:yf M g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
k"0f{ jf cf+lzs :jfldTj ePsf] k|lti7fgsf] sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf zt{sf] xsdf
;DalGwt k|lti7fgsf] ;]jf zt{ ;DaGwL lgod jf ljlgoddf Joj:yf eP
adf]lhd / sfdbf/sf] xsdf o;} P]gadf]lhd x'g]5 .
*(=
g]kfn ;/sf/n]
;/sf/n] lgb{
lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]M -!_ o; P]gsf] p2]Zo sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn
;/sf/n] Joj:yfksnfO{ cfjZos lgb{]zg lbg ;Sg]5 .

-@_ pkbkmf -!_ adf]lhd lbPsf] lgb]{zg kfng gug]{ Joj:yfksnfO{
g]kfn ;/sf/n] k6s} lkR5] aL; xhf/ ?k}ofF;Dd hl/jfgf ug{ ;Sg]5 .
43
()= clwsf/ k|Tofof]hgM g]kfn ;/sf/n] o; P]g cGtu{t cfkm"nfO{ k|fKt clwsf/
g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L s'g} clws[tnfO{ ;'Dkg ;Sg]5 .
(!=
of] P]gadf]lhd x'g] M o; P]gdf n]lvP hlt o;} P]gadf]lhd / cdf k|rlnt
sfg'gadf]lhd x'g]5 .
(@=
vf/]hL / arfp M -!_ g]kfn sf/vfgf / sf/vfgfdf sfd ug{] dhb"/ ;DaGwL
P]g, @)!^ vf/]h ul/Psf]5 .
-@_ g]kfn sf/vfgf / sf/vfgfdf sfd ug{] dhb"/ ;DaGwL P]g, @)!^
cGtu{t eP u/]sf] sfd sf/jfO{ o;} P]gadf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 . +
bi6Jo M>d -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%$ f/f kfGtl/t zAb M

tna sf] ;f kfl/>lds .
44

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>d P]g, @)$*

;+zf]wg ug]{ P]g

>d -klxnf] ;+zf]wg_ P]g, @)%$

jfn >d -lgif]w / lgoldt_ ug]{ P]g, @)%^

s]xL g]kfn P]gsf] Joj:yf hufpg] P]g, @)^#

u0ftGq ;'b[9Ls/0f tyf s]xL g]kfn sfg'g ;+zf]wg ug]{

Gofo k|zf;g ;DaGwL s]xL g]kfn P]gnfO{ ;+zf]wg ug{

@)$( ;fnsf] P]g g+= (

>d ;DaGwdf Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] P]g

pTkfbg sfo{ eGgfn] b]xfo adf]lhdsf] sfo{ ;Dg'k5{ M

t]n, kfgL jf kmf]x/ d}nf kDk ug{] sfo{,

zlQm ;+rf/ ug{], kl/jt{g ug{] / k7fpg] sfo{, jf

5fkfvfgf, lnyf]u|fkmL, kmf]6f]u|fkmL, lhNb r9fpg] jf ;f]xL ;/xsf]

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