Touchless Technology

ABSTRACT:It was the touch screens which initially created great furore. Gone are the days when you have to fiddle with the touch screens and end scratching up. Touch screen displays are ubiquitous worldwide. Frequent touching a touch screen display with a pointing device such as a finger can result in the gradual de-sensitization of the touch screen to input and can ultimately lead to failure of the touch screen. To avoid this a simple user interface for Touch less control of electrically operated equipment is being developed. Elliptic Labs innovative technology lets you control your gadgets like Computers, MP3 players or mobile phones without touching them. A simple user interface for Touch less control of electrically operated equipment. Unlike other systems which depend on distance to the sensor or sensor selection this system depends on hand and or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction, or a flick of the hand in one area, or holding the hand in one area or pointing with one finger for example. The device is based on optical pattern recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect hand motions. This sensor is then connected to a digital image processor, which interprets the patterns of motion and outputs the results as signals to control fixtures, appliances, machinery, or any device controllable through electrical signals.

INTRODUCTION:With the touch less touch screen your hand doesnt have to come in contact with the screen at all, it works by detecting your hand movements in front of it. This is a pretty unique and interesting invention, until you break out in a sweat. This unique screen is made by Touch Ko, White Electronics Designs, and Groupe 3D. The screen resembles the Nintendo Wii without the Wii Controller.

TOUCHLESS TOUCHSCREEN USER INTERFACE:Touch Less Touch Screen

Touch less control of electrically operated equipment is being developed by Elliptic Labs. This innovative technology lets you control your gadgets like Computers, MP3 players or mobile phones without touching them. This system depends on hand and or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction The sensor can be placed either on the screen or near the screen. Technology touch less device The device is based on optical pattern recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect hand motions.

Touch less Monitor

This monitor is made TouchKo Touch less touch screen your hand doesnt have to come in contact with the screen at all, it works by detecting your hand movements in front of it. point your finger in the air towards the device and move it accordingly to control the navigation in the device Designed for applications where touch may be difficult, such as for doctors who might be wearing surgical gloves

3D NAVIGATION OF HAND MOVEMENTS IN TOUCHLESS S CREEN Touch less UI

Sensors are mounted around the screen that is being used, by interacting in the line-of-sight of these sensors the motion is detected and interpreted into on-screen movements. just point at the screen (from as far as 5 feet away), and you can manipulate objects in 3D. Gestures are translated into screen commands Touch less monitor GBUI(gesture-based graphical user Interface) Working of touch less UI sensors arrayed around the perimeter of the device capable of sensing finger movements in 3-D space. Touch less-SDK

TOUCHLESS-DEMO
The Touch less Demo is an open source application that anyone with a webcam can use to experience multi-touch. The demo was created using the Touch less SDK and Windows Forms with C# window shop PIC Here that you may need a few cameras in stereo to maximize accuracy and you could theoretically use your hands as a mouse

Touch wall
Touch Wall it is the first multi touch product It refers to the touch screen hardware setup itself and software is plex . Touch Wall consists of three infrared lasers that scan a surface. By using a projecter entire walls can easily be turned into a multi touch user interface.

WORKING
The system is capable of detecting movements in 3-dimensions without ever having to put your fingers on the screen. Their patented touchless interface doesnt require that you wear any special sensors on your hand either. You just point at the screen (from as far as 5 feet away), and you can manipulate objects in 3D.

Fig. 2.1 Touchless Interface Sensors are mounted around the screen that is being used, by interacting in the line-of-sight of these sensors the motion is detected and interpreted into on-screen movements. What is to stop unintentional gestures being used as input is not entirely clear, but it looks promising nonetheless. The best part Elliptic Labs says their technology will be easily small enough to be implemented into cell phones and the like.

2.1 Thracker:
In our work we investigate the use of Capacitive Sensing as an alternative input for appliances. We look in particular at two dimensional pointing and gestures as input primitives. Depending on form factor of the appliance, required input dimensions and precision, size and weight, learnability and acceptable cost, the use of Capacitive Sensing may be an interesting alternative to conventional techniques. Sensing for 2D tracking and gesture input; the system is called Thracker. Fig. 2.2 shows an image viewer appliance.

Fig. 2.2 Thracker Diagram

The basic input parameters supported by Thracker are absolute coordinates (like a touch screen) and relative movements (mouse-like) as well as basic gestures. The gestures can be single points moving over time or multiple points moving simultaneously (e.g. for bi-manual interaction). The Capacitive Sensing prototype is taking input from 4 different sensors arranged around the screen.

2.2 Capacitive Sensing:

In this section we first outline the basic concept of capacitive sensing and the review relevant related research. Even so capacitive sensing has come a long way since the first Theremin, we show the potential of this interaction technique which is not yet utilized in human computer interaction.

2.2.1 Basic Principle of Capacitive Sensing:

The simplest capacitor consists of two metal plates which are close to another without touching each other. When a current is placed on those plates, the arrangement can store energy. When the current is removed and the plates are connected trough a circuit, the stored energy initiates a current. Thus, a capacitor works like a small accumulator. The capacity (capacitance) of a capacitor depends on the size of the plates and their distance. When the distance between the plates is increased, the capacity of the capacitor decreases. There is great variety on other technologies for realizing capacitive electrical elements as well. The most common way to measure the capacitance of a capacitor is to use a resonant circuit. Depending on the capacitors capacitance, the resonant circuit resonates faster or slower. This technique of measuring distances between a sensor and an object is called Capacitive Sensing. Such sensors allow even measurement of microscopic displacements in the range of micrometers. They are the industry standard for ultra-high precision measurements in many application areas. However, Capacitive Sensing can also be used to track objects, e.g. the human hand as electrically conductive object, in larger ranges. The feasibility of using Capacitive Sensing for position and gesture input to enable intuitive human-computer interaction is the main contribution of this work.

2.2.2 Related Work:

Capacitive Sensing for gesture interfaces is no new idea. Artists have used Theremins as input devices for video installations or light shows. One of the first Capacitive Sensing interfaces was a musical instrument called Theremin, which was invented in 1919. The music instrument player can adjust volume and pitch by changing the distances between his hands and two antennas. In such an arrangement, the sensing is relative and due to the feedback (themusic created) the absolute position is

of minor importance. Changes in the environment and in the system are compensated by the artist automatically as he or she regards the tone created rather than the absolute position of the hand as the relevant parameter. Making music in the air using novel technologies, away from traditional instruments, is quite common for performance artists. Here, too, using capacitive sensing as relative input with a direct feedback takes away many problems faced when creating more generic human computer interfaces. The technology of Capacitive Sensing itself is already part of todays computers, e.g. in the touchpads of current laptops. There, input is limited to a very small range from sensor to hand. We extend the sensing range to explore the impacts on the way input to a system can be generated.Jacky Lee developed a 3D interface device for CAD workstations which uses capacitive sensing. This device (iSphere) only measures three different states (distant, close, pressure). The user needs to touch the iSphere for interaction. Interaction at a distance is not supported. Different commercial integrated circuits (IC) are available that are based on capacitive sensing. These ICs are targeted at touch control applications. Ethertouch [3] is a recently developed capacitive sensing IC which provides 12 channels for sensors and was engineered for higher precision than Thracker. No commercial applications in HCI have been presented so far. Overall in human computer interacting there are very few results discussed that make use of capacitive sensing on a larger scale. The support for gesture input using several sensing plates, as introduced in this paper, is to our knowledge new.

2.3 Prototype:
We built a prototype system that allows 2D gesture recognition based on capacitive sensing. The prototype is attached to a Tablet PC with a 12.1" screen. Four sensor plates were arranged around the screen. They are connected to the Thracker device which sits on the back of the Tablet PC and is connected to it via USB.

2.3.1 Thracker Hardware:

The Thracker device is a circuit board containing four separate and similar sensing modules one for each sensor plate. They share a common 5V power supply and ground from the USB port and a clock signal generated by a NE555 timer IC. Each module has one sensor plate connector and eight binary outputs which connect to one of the four 8-bit-ports on an IOWarrior40 USB interface chip.

Fig. 2.3 Thracker Hardware Fig. 2.3 Electrical circuit for one sensor module of the Thracker device. The current prototype uses four modules which are con- nected to sensor plates on each side of the computer screen. A NAND gate, a 300 kOhm resistor and a sensor plate in each module provide a rough resonant circuit. When a hand approaches the sensor plate, the capacitance of the sensor plate increases resulting in a lower frequency of the resonant circuit. It usually resonates at 60kHz - 120kHz depending on the distance of the hand. This signal is fed into a 14-bit binary ripple counter. A clock signal controls whether the signal from the resonant circuit reaches the counter. This is needed to assure that the value of the counter does not change while copying it into the latch. Every time the input P1 on the counter IC changes (60.000 - 120.000 times a second) it counts up by one. As the USB-IO-chip has only 32 inputs , not all of the 14 bits the counter provides can be read out. Thus only bit 4 - 11 of the counter are connected to the latch. Bit 12 is connected to the reset pin. The latch assures that the bit pattern the IO-chip receives does not change during readout. Every 30 ms, the latch IC copies the input bits to the output bits. The input bits do not change during the time in which the latch copies them as the controlling clock signal disconnects the resonance circuit from the counter for this timespan. As the clock signal only switches to zero for a very short time, most of the time the counter counts. This maximizes the resolution of the circuit. The content of the latch is read out by the USB-IO-chip and sent to the host computer for processing.

2.3.2 Thracker Software:

The raw values sent from the IOWarrior40 chip are processed by a Java Application using a standard API. As the counter IC overflows every 35 - 80 ms, the Thracker device has to be polled at least 30 times per second. The raw values are filtered for obviously invalid values and averaged to remove jitter. From this data the software calculates the distance of the hand with regard to each of the

sensing plates using a fixed algorithm. A dynamic algorithm with manual calibration has not yielded significant improvements in precision.

BLOCK DIAGRAM ( Touch-less Fingerprint Recognition System):-

Block diagram:The block diagram in Fig shows the basic building blocks for a touchless gesture recognition system for any system. The IR sensors send the signal to the sensor recognition system, depending upon the drivers hand movements. When the hand is waved over the sensors, the transmitted IR signal is reflected by the hand back to the IR receiver. Depending upon which IR receiver or image processor received the signal first and last, the algorithm that resides in the sensor recognition system understands the hand movement and sends the control signal for the infotainment display through the system.

CONCLUSION:The Touch less touch screen user interface can be used effectively in computers, cell phones, webcams and laptops. May be few years down the line, our body can be transformed into a virtual mouse, virtual keyboard ,Our body may be turned in to an input device! REFERENCES: Lin Hong, Student Member, IEEE, Yifei Wan, and Anil Jain Fingerprint Image Enhancement: Algorithm and Performance Evaluation, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 20, No. 8, August 1998. http://www.i-newswire.com/global-touchless-sensing-andgesture/ 115745 http://comogy.com/concepts/170-universal-remote-concept.html

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