MUSCULAR SYSTEM

RAY RISNER C. OBENZA, MD, FPCS

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Functions:
1. 2. 3. Movement of body parts Provide form and shape Heat production

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Gene !" C"!ssi#ic!tion
Skeletal Muscle - striated, voluntary ardiac Muscle - striated, involuntary Smooth Muscle - non-striated, involuntary

S$ELETAL MUSCLES

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
Gene !" C%! !cte istics:
I. Att!c%&ents !ri"in #nsertion II. St uctu e $elly %endon or &poneurosis

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
C ite i! #o No&enc"!tu e '. Att!c%&ent
e'( Sternocleidomastoid %emporalis (. Function e'tensor or fle'or abductor or adductor

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
C ite i! #o No&enc"!tu e
). Len*t% lon"us or brevis +. Re"!ti,e Position lateral or medial superior or inferior internal or e'ternal

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
C ite i! #o No&enc"!tu e
-. Si.e ma'imus or minimus ma)or or minor

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
C ite i! #o No&enc"!tu e
/. O ient!tion o# Fi0e s rectus, obli*ue, or transverse parallel or fusiform conver"ent pennate +uni, bi, or multipennate( circular

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
Musc"e G ou1in*s
Prime Movers,&"onists &nta"onists Syner"ists -i'ators Shunt Muscle . resists dislocation Spurt Muscle . rapid / effective

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
Associ!te2 Connecti,e Tissues
1. 0ndomysium 2. Perimysium 3. 0pimysium 3. -ascia . Superficial 1eep

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
Inne ,!tion
Muscle -iber Motor 2nit 3 Motor 4euron Muscle -iber oarse Movements -ine Movements Muscle %one

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
O *!ni.!tion
A. Musc"es o# t%e A3i!" S4e"eton '. Musc"es o# 5e!2 6 Nec4 -acial 0'pression Mastication 0'traocular Muscles 5in"ual Muscles Muscles of the 4eck

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
O *!ni.!tion A. Musc"es o# t%e A3i!" S4e"eton (. Musc"es o# t%e To so 6espiratory Muscles &bdominal 7all Muscles Muscles of the $ack Muscles of the Pelvic -loor

S$ELETAL MUSCLES
O *!ni.!tion
B. Musc"es o# t%e A11en2icu"! S4e"eton 1. Muscles of the Pectoral 8irdle 2. Muscles of the 2pper 0'tremity 3. Muscles of the $uttocks 3. Muscles of the 5o9er 0'tremity

CARDIAC MUSCLES 7MYOCARDIUM8

CARDIAC MUSCLES
Gene !" C%! !cte istics
behaves as a sin"le unit all-or-none contraction pacemaker stimulated under autonomic innervation possess intercalated discs

SMOOT5 79ISCERAL8 MUSCLES

SMOOT5 MUSCLES
C"!ssi#ic!tion: A. A !n*e&ent o# Fi0e s 1. ircular 2. 5on"itudinal 3. !bli*ue

SMOOT5 MUSCLES
C"!ssi#ic!tion: B. Function 1. Sin"le-unit 3 myo"enic electrical activity e'( 2terine ontractions Peristalsis of 8#% / 82%

SMOOT5 MUSCLES
C"!ssi#ic!tion: 2. Multi-unit 3 individual stimulation of muscle fibers e'( &rrector Pili Muscles

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
C"inic!" Con2itions A. Symptoms of Muscular Disorders 1. 7eakness or Paresis 2. Muscle Pain 3. 5oss of Muscle Mass

MUSCULAR SYSTEM
C"inic!" Con2itions B. Function!" Muscu"! Con2itions 1. Strain
2. &trophy 3. Hypertrophy :. ramps

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Functions
1. %ransport 3 6espiration 4utrition 0'cretion 2. 6e"ulation 3. Protection

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Co&1onents
1. Heart 2. $lood ;essels a( &rteries b( apillaries c( ;eins 3. $lood

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM 5e! t

2 Sides< 6i"ht Side 3 ;enous $lood 5eft Side 3 &rterial $lood

: hambers< 2 &tria 2 ;entricles : ;alves< %ricuspid / Pulmonic ;alves Mitral / &ortic ;alves

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
B"oo2 9esse"s
&. 5ayers 1. %unica 0'terna, % 5ayer 2. %unica Media,Muscular 5ayer 3. %unica #ntima,0ndothelial 5ayer

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
A te i!" S:ste&

haracteristics<
- carry blood from heart to tissues - divide into =branches> - arterioles - anastomosis

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
A te i!" S:ste&
Ma)or &rteries< 1. &orta 3 &rch, %horacic / &bdominal 2. &rteries of Head / 4eck 3. &rteries of the 2pper 0'tremities :. &rteries of the Pelvis / 5o9er 0'tremities

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
A te i!" S:ste&
&natomical 0nd &rteries - branches do not anastomose -unctional 0nd &rteries - branches anastomose but insufficient

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
9enous S:ste&
haracteristics - convey blood to heart from tissues - possess valves - venules - formed by =tributaries> - =venous ple'uses - vena comitantes

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
9enous S:ste&s
&. Systemic ;enous System $. Portal ;enous System - interposed bet9een t9o capillary beds - sinusoids

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
9enous S:ste&
-actors that assist blood flo9< 1. 8ravity 2. Muscular ontractions 3. Presence of ;alves

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
9enous S:ste&
Ma)or ;eins< &( %ributaries to Superior ;ena ava 1. ;eins drainin" the Head / 4eck 2. ;eins of 2pper 0'tremities 3. ;eins of the %hora'

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
9enous S:ste&
Ma)or ;eins< $( %ributaries to #nferior ;ena ava 1. ;eins of the &bdominal 7all 2. ;eins of the ?idneys 3. ;eins of the 5o9er 0'tremities

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
9enous S:ste&
Ma)or ;eins< ( %ributaries to the Portal ;ein 1. ;eins of the 8astrointestinal %ract 2. ;eins of the Spleen / Pancreas

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
C!1i""! ies
%ypes< a( ontinuous +muscles, lun"s, fatty tissues( b( -enestrated +kidneys, small intestines( c( Sinusoids +liver, spleen(

A te io,enous An!sto&oses

LYMP5ATIC SYSTEM

LYMP5ATIC SYSTEM
Functions:
1. %ransport 2. -at &bsorption 3. 1efense

LYMP5ATIC SYSTEM
Co&1onents
1. 5ymph apillaries 2. 5ymph 1ucts a( %horacic 1uct b( 6i"ht 5ymphatic 1uct

LYMP5ATIC SYSTEM
Co&1onents
3. 5ymphatic !r"ans a( 5ymph 4odes filters lymph produce lymphocytes b( Spleen c( %hymus