B nng nghip

v pht trin nng thn

----------
S : 44 /2002/Q-BNN
Cng ho x hi ch ngha vit nam
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
------------------------------------
H Ni , ng 04 !h"ng # n$% 2002
Quyt nh ca B trng
B !ng nghip v pht trin nng thn
&' (i)c *+n hnh !i,- ch-.n ngnh
/4 T0N /2-2002: 01ng !23nh !h-4 l5i 6 78 ( l"! 9" - :,- c;- <=
!h-! !hi c1ng ( nghi)% !h->
------------
B !2?ng B N1ng nghi)p ( @h"! !2iAn N1ng !h1n
- Cn c Ngh nh s 73/CP ngy 0l thng ll nm l995 ca
ChYnh ph quy nh chc nng, nhim v, quyn hn v t chc b
my ca B Nng nghip v Pht trin Nng thn;
- Cn c vo Php lnh cht lng hng ho ngy 24 thng l2 nm
l999;
- Cn c vo Quy ch lp, xt duyt v ban hnh klm theo quyt
nh s l35/l999/Q-BNN-KHCN ngy 0l thng l0 nm l999;
- Theo ngh ca ng V trng V Khoa hc cng ngh v cht
lng sn phm,
Quyt nh
i'- /> Ban hnh klm theo quyt nh ny tiu chun ngnh : l4
TCN l2-2002: Cng trnh thu li Xy v lt - Yu cu k thut thi
cng v nghim thu.
i'- 2> Quyt nh ny c hiu lc sau l5 ngy k t ngy k
ban hnh v thay th cho QPTL.2-66: Quy phm xy, lt trong cng
trnh thu li ban hnh theo quyt nh s 638TL/Q ngy 7/7/l966 ca
B trng B Thu Li.
i'- B> Cc ng Chnh vn phng B, V trng V Khoa hc Cng
ngh v CLSP, Th trng cc n v lin quan chu trch nhim thi hnh
Quyt nh ny ./.
"#$ B trng B !ng nghip
v %ht trin nng thn
#h& trng
'C <D(
Ng-En 3nh ThFnh
2
2
B !ng !ghip
v %ht trin nng thn
Cng ho x hi ch ngha )it !am
c lp - T do - Hnh phc

ti*u chu+n ngnh

,-#C! ,. / .00.
cng tr1nh thu2 34i / 56y v 3t /
7*u c8u 9: thu;t thi cng v nghim thu
(Ban hnh theo quyt nh s: 44/2002/Q-BNN ngy 4 thng 6 nm
2002
ca B trng B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn)
,$ Qui nh chung
/>/> Tiu chun ny qui nh v yu cu vt liu , va, k thut thi
cng, kim tra v nghim thu kt cu xy, lt trong cng trnh thu
li.
.$ #i*u chu+n tr<ch =>n
- l4 TCN 80 - 200l: Va thu cng - Yu cu k thut v phng php th;
- l4 TCN l04 - l999: Ph gia ho hc cho btng v va - Yu cu k
thut;
- l4 TCN l07 - l999: Ph gia ho hc cho btng v va - Phng php
th;
- l4 TCN l05 - l999: Ph gia khong hot tYnh nghin mn - Yu cu k
thut;
- l4 TCN l08 - l999: Ph gia khong hot tYnh nghin mn - Phng php
th.
?$ 7*u c8u 9: thu;t @i vAi x6yB 3t
B>/> :,- c;- <= !h-! ch-ng
dng xy, lt trong cng trnh thu li phi cng rn, c
chc, bn, khng b nt rn, khng b h, chng c tc ng ca
khng khY v nc. Khi g bng ba, pht ra ting ku trong; Phi loi b
3
3
pht ra ting ku c hoc c va canxi mm. dng xy, lt
phi sch, t v tp cht dYnh trn mt phi ra sch bng nc
tng s dYnh bm ca va vi mt . Nn chn loi c cng nn
ti thiu bng 85 MPa v khi lng th tYch ti thiu 2400 kg/m
3
, ch
tiu c th do thit k quy nh.
Cc tYnh cht c hc ca xy lt c sn xut t cc loi thin
nhin ghi trong bng 3.l.
Bng 3.1: Cc ch tiu c l ca mt s loi
S n
!hi l"ng th#
t$ch% &g'(m
3
C)ng n*n%
+,a
- h.t n/c%
0
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
vi
Granit
Sienit
Diorit
Gabro
Diaba
Bazan
Andezit
Sathch
l,7 - 2,6
2,l - 2,8
2,4 - 2,8
2,9 - 3,3
2,9 - 3,3
2,9 - 3,5
2,2 - 2,7
2,3 - 2,6
30 - l50
l20 - 250
l50 - 200
200 - 350
200 - 350
300 - 400
l00 - 500
l20 - 240
30 - 300
0,2 - 0,5
di l
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
B>2> @h8n loi ( ,- c;- <= !h-! cG !hA 9i (Hi c"c loi 9" I8, l"!
!2ong c1ng !23nh !h-4 l5i
B>2>/> - hc: c sn xut bng phng php n mn, c khi lng t 20
n 40kg.
hc dng vi va xy tng hoc xy khan phi c kYch thc ti
thiu: dy l0cm, di 25cm, chiu rng ti thiu bng hai ln chiu dy.
Mt khng c li lm qu 3cm; dng xy mt ngoi phi c
chiu di Yt nht 30cm, din tYch mt ph ra phi Yt nht bng
300cm
2
, mt li lm khng qu 3cm. hc lt phi c chiu di
hoc chiu rng bng chiu dy thit k ca lp lt.
hc thng dng xy tng cnh, mng, tr pin, tng chn t, lt
mi bng, mi nghing, sn tiu nng.
B>2>2> - ch1: c sn xut bng phng php chl bng cch n mn
hoc dng chm st. chl phi c b mt tng i phng; Sau khi
chl, cn lo bng c v ba con b mt cn li lm nhiu hoc cha
vung vn b mt tng i phng v vung vn. chl dng xy
lt vi va phi t cht lng ca hc v c b mt phng hn.
chl thng dng xy, lt cc hng mc cng trnh nh hc (iu
3.2.l).
B>2>B> - 2o: dng xy, lt vi va cn phi sch v t cht lng ca
hc nh iu 3.2.l, ngoi ra phi c lo gt bng ba cho mt ph
ra ngoi tng i bng phng v vung vn.
4
4
- lo va: cn c li lm b mt khng qu l0mm, c cnh di
nh nht l l5cm, gc khng c lm v khng nh hn 60
o
.
lo va thng dng xy tng ngc, tng trm bm, lp ngoi t-
ng cnh g v tr pin chu p lc ct nc thp;
- lo k: c gia cng k, chiu dy v chiu di ca ti thiu l
l5 v 30cm. Chiu rng mt ph ra Yt nht gp ri chiu dy v
khng nh hn 25cm. Mt phi tng i bng phng, vung vn,
g gh khng qu lcm.
lo k thng dng xy phn di ca vm cun c khu t 2m
tr xung, mt ngoi ca tr pin, tng u, cc b phn cng trnh
chu p lc ct nc cao;
- lo dng xy tng kiu t ong: phi c mt ph ra ngoi phng v
c hnh a gic, chiu di mi cnh ti thiu bng l0cm, gc trong do
cc cnh to thnh khng ln hn l80
o
. a gic mt ph ra ngoi c th
hnh 5, 6, 7 cnh; Nn lo thnh hnh 6 cnh to thnh mt xy p
hn. Cc vin lo xy gc tng phi c hai mt ph ra v hai phYa
thng gc vi nhau v u c hnh a gic. lo loi ny cng phi c
cay (chiu di) ti thiu 25cm.
B>2>4> - 3 ho4c &i#u: c sn xut bng cch ca xl cc tng -
c chn lc rt cn thn v l loi tt, rt thun nht, tuyt i khng
c vt nt, gn, h hoc b phong ho. phi u mt, nhng ht ln
tn nhn thy trn mt cc mnh v phi u v khYt. c cc tYnh
cht cn thit sau khi xl thnh phin nhng mt ph ra u n.
hoc kiu thng dng xy rnh van, rnh phai, thp di
ca cc vm cun c khu t 2m tr ln.
B>B> JiA% !2+ chK! l5ng 9"
B>B>/> Kim tra hnh dng, qui cch v kYch thc cc vin : theo yu cu
ca tng loi quy nh cc iu 3.l v 3.2.
B>B>2> Kim tra loi , ch tiu c l ca vin : thY nghim xc nh
cc ch tiu c l ca bng cch:
- Xc nh cng nn ca bng cch nn mu hnh tr c ng
kYnh v chiu cao 5 cm, hoc mu lp phng 5 x 5 x 5 cm;
- Xc nh khi lng th tYch ca bng cc mu nu trn hoc dng
mu khng c qui cch bc parafin, ri nhng vo nc ng trong ng
lng khc ; Th tYch nc dng ln bng th tYch ca vin cng vi
th tYch parafin bc mu, t tYnh c th tYch mu khng c qui
cch; Khi lng th tYch l t s trng lng chia cho th tYch .
Ch c s dng t cht lng quy nh iu 3.l v 3.2 cng
nh cc yu cu c th do thit k quy nh vo xy, lt trong cng
trnh thu li.
-$ 7*u c8u @i vAi vCa x6yB 3t
5
5
4>/> &L+ I8, l"! 9" !2ong c1ng !23nh !h-4 l5i M(L+ !h-4 c1ngN: phi
t tiu chun l4 TCN 80 - 200l: Va thu cng - Yu cu k thut v
Phng php th.
Khi xy, lt trong tiu chun ny ch dng va vi cht dYnh
kt l ximng.
4>2> :,- c;- 9i (Hi (! li)- chO !o (L+
4>2>/> Ximng
4>2>/>/> Loi ximng dng ch to va theo quy nh bng 4.l.
Bng 5.1: 6oi 7im8ng (9ng # ch: to ;<a 7=>% lt
STT Poi Ii%$ng 0Q !hA RS dGng Jh1ng n,n RS dGng
l Ximng pooclng,
Ximng pooclng
hn hp
Cho cc loi va
xy t 50 tr ln
Cho mc va nh hn 50
2 Ximng pooclng
bn sunfat
Cho va tip xc
vi mi trng
sunfat
Cho va khng tip xc
vi mi trng sunfat
3 Ximng pooclng
x ht l cao
Cho va tip xc
vi mi trng nc
mm, nc khong
Cho va dng ni c
mc nc thay i thng
xuyn
4 Ximng pooclng
puzlan
Cho va ni m
t v trong nc
Cho va ni c mc nc
thay i thng xuyn
hoc thiu bo dng m
trong iu kin thi tit
nng nng
4>2>/>2> Mc ximng dng ch to va theo bng 4.2.
Bng 5.?: +c 7im8ng (9ng ch: to cc mc ;<a
T"c (L+ T"c Ii%$ng
5
7,5
l0
l5
20
30
30
30
30
30 40
Ghi ch: * Khi mc ximng cao hn cc gi tr ch dn trong bng trn ng vi
cc mc va !i "nh# th$ c% th& 'ha thm 'h( gia )hong nghi*n mn v+o ximng
"& gim mc ximng# ho,c 'ha tr-c ti.' v+o va c/ng vi ximng )hi tr0n va1 2 34
'ha 'h( gia xc "nh th5ng !a th6 nghi4m7
6
6
4>2>/>B> Kim tra cht lng ximng phi qua phiu kim nghim ximng
ca nh my ximng; Khi cn thit, hoc nghi ng v cht lng th phi
thY nghim xc nh cc ch tiu ca ximng theo tiu chun l4 TCN 80
-200l.
4>2>2> Nc dng trn va: phi t tiu chun l4TCN80-200l v
khng cha cc cht cn tr qu trnh ng cng ca ximng. Nu dng
nc ngm hoc nc ao h trn va th phi qua thY nghim
quyt nh; Dng nc trong h thng cp nc sinh hot (nc ung) th
khng cn phi kim tra.
4>2>B> Ct dng ch to va phi t qui nh trong tiu chun l4
TCN 80 - 200l, trong :
a) KYch thc ln nht ca ht ct khng vt qu 2,5mm i vi khi xy
lo, , kiu v 5mm i vi khi xy hc.
Thnh phn ht ca ct nm trong biu thnh phn ht ca ct
qui nh trong tiu chun l4 TCN 80 - 200l;
b) Cc yu cu khc ca ct c ghi trong bng 4.3.
Bng 5.3: Cc >u c@u ca ct (9ng ch: to ;<a
STT T,n chU !i,-
T"c (L+ V
W,V
T"c (L+ lHn hXn
W,V
l
2
3
4
5
6
7
Hm lng st, st, cc tp
cht dng cc:
Hm lng ht ln hn 5mm:
Khi lng th tYch xp, tYnh
bng kg/m
3
, khng nh hn:
Hm lng sunfat, sung fit tYnh
theo % khi lng SO
3
, khng ln
hn:
Hm lng ht nh hn 0,l4mm,
tYnh bng % khi lng ct,
khng ln hn:
Hm lng bn, bi, st, tYnh
bng % khi lng ct, khng ln
hn:
Hm lng tp cht hu c c
th theo phng php so mu
ca dung dch trn ct vi mu
chun:
Khng c
Khng c
ll50
2
35
l0
-
Khng c
Khng c
l250
l
20
3
Khng sm hn
mu chun
Ghi ch: Khi ct c% h+m 38ng h9t nh: hn ;#<=mm v+ h+m 38ng b/n# b(i# >?t 3n
hn !i "nh# th$ 'hi r@a7
c) Ct a v cng trng cn thnh ng ni kh ro, sch sl
trnh ln bn, t v cc tp cht khc.
7
7
Khi ly ct trn va, cn xc sao ct c thnh phn nh vn
c ca ct, khng xc qu nhiu ht to hoc ht nh.
4>2>4> Ph gia dng cho va: gm ph gia ho v ph gia khong
nghin mn phi t tiu chun l4 TCN l04 - l999 v l4 TCN l08 -
l999.
4>B> :,- c;- <= !h-! 9i (Hi (L+ I8 ( (L+ l"! 9"
4>B>/> Cc yu cu k thut i vi va v hn hp va: phi m bo cc
yu cu sau:
- t Mc thit k qui nh vi thnh phn c tYnh ton;
- C dYnh kt tt vi xy, lt;
- C lu ng, phn tng, kh nng gi nc v thi gian ng kt
nh bng 4.4.
Bng 5.5: Cc t$nh chAt ca ;<a 7=>% lt
STT T,n chU !i,- Jhi !2Yi nZng
nQng
Jhi !2Yi lnh
l
2
3
4
lu ng, tYnh bng cm:
- Xy hc khng dng chn
ng, lt :
- Xy hc c dng chn
ng:
- Xy , kiu khng dng
chn ng:
phn tng i vi hn hp
va dlo, tYnh bng cm
3
, khng
ln hn:
Kh nng gi nc, tYnh bng %,
khng nh hn:
Thi gian bt u ng kt k
t sau khi trn, tYnh bng pht,
khng sm hn:
6 - 7
2 - 3
l0 - l2
4 - 5
l - 2
7 - 9
30
63
25
4>B>2> Yu cu vic ch to va: tin hnh theo ph lc C ca tiu chun
l4 TCN 80 - 200l v mt s quy nh sau:
a) Thnh phn va ximng - ct: xc nh theo tiu chun l4 TCN
80 - 200l;
b) i vi va mc thp (di 7,5) v khi lng Yt, c th trn hn hp
va bng tay; Sn trn phi bng phng, khng thm nc, rng
thao tc d dng. Ch trn va phi che ma nng. i vi va mc t 7,5
8
8
tr ln v khi lng nhiu, nn trn va bng my trn. Trc khi trn va
phi chun b y vt liu, thit b trn v cc dng c cn ong
vt liu. Phi kim tra my trn v dng c cn ong, nu cn th sa
cha v hiu chnh my trn hot ng bnh thng v dng c cn
ong chYnh xc. Sai s cn ong khng vt qu 2% khi lng tng loi
vt liu cho ml trn. Nu ct m, phi iu chnh l ng nc trn tr l-
ng nc trong ct. Trn ml va theo ng thnh phn xc nh.
c) Khi trn va bng tay, phi theo trnh t sau: u tin trn ximng
vi ct v ph gia khong hot tYnh nghin mn (nu c), ri vun thnh
ng v moi mt hc trng gia. nc vo hc v gt hn hp kh
xung quanh hc vo nc cho phn ln nc ngm vo hn hp. Sau
trn u bng xlng cho n khi t c hn hp va ng mu (va
ng nht) th ngng trn. Nu dng ph gia ha hc dng lng trong
va, th ha tan trc ph gia vo nc trn, ri mi nc vo hc trng
v trn nh trn. Trn xong, nh gn hn hp va vo mt ng xc
tng phn em i s dng;
d) Khi trn va bng my trn, phi theo trnh t sau: u tin cho
nc vo my trn, sau ct, ximng v ph gia khong nghin mn
(nu c). Nu dng ph gia ha hc dng lng trong va, th c nc
v ph gia vo my trn v my trn chy trong 30 - 45 giy, sau mi
ximng, ct v ph gia khong hot tYnh nghin mn (nu c). Ch
dng my trn sau khi thy hn hp va ng mu (ng nht), nhng thi
gian trn khng nh hn 2 pht.
Cc thY nghim hn hp va phi c tin hnh ngay sau khi trn
c s iu chnh cn thit thnh phn va.
4>B>B> Yu cu i vi vic vn chuyn v s dng va:
a) Nu va trn trm trn xa cng trng, th phi chuyn ch va
bng t chuyn dng hoc t t . Thng ng va vn
chuyn phi tht kYn v chc chn va khng b ri vi v mt nc;
b) My trn, dng c trn v chuyn ch va sau khi dng xong, phi
c c ra sch sl ngay, khng va bm dYnh v ng cng;
c) Sau khi vn chuyn va ti cng trng khng va trc tip
trn nn t, cn trn sn lt tn hoc nn ximng, hoc lt gch
va khng b ln t bn, gim cht lng. Phi dng ht hn hp va
ximng trc khi ximng bt u ng kt. Thi gian bt u ng kt
ca ximng c xc nh bng thY nghim; Nu khng c iu kin thY
nghim, c th tham kho bng 4.5.
Bng 5.B: h)i gian Cng &:t ca 7i m8ng
Pooclng v pooclng hn
hp
Pooclng
puzlan
20 - 30
l0 - 20
l gi 30 pht
2 gi l5 pht
2 gi
3 gi
9
9
Loi ximng
Nhit khng khY,
o
C
Nu va b phn tng, trc khi dng phi trn li. Khng va
ngoi nng trnh mt nc; Khi ma, phi che y cn thn.
4>4> JiA% !2+ chK! l5ng (L+
i vi cng trnh quan trng v va mc t 7,5 tr ln, phi kim tra
cht lng va sau khi trn theo tiu chun l4 TCN 80 - 200l trn cc mu
ly ngay ti ch thi cng:
- Kim tra lu ng ( xuyn cn) thng xuyn, mi ca ti thiu phi
o hai ln iu chnh lng nc trn va khi cn thit;
- Trong ma hl nng nng, ma kh vi gi hanh kh, va mt nc nhanh,
th phi th thm kh nng gi nc ca hn hp va v phn tng:
phn tng khng c ln hn 30 cm
3
.
- C trn 50 m
3
hn hp va, phi c mt nhm ba mu th cng
tui 28 ngy, nu cn d on sm cng va tui 28 ngy th
phi c thm mt nhm ba mu va thY nghim tui 3 hoc 7
ngy theo ph lc D ca tiu chun l4 TCN 80 - 200l.
D$ y*u c8u ": thu;t x6y
V>/> 78 9" !hnh ![ng hng cQ (L+
V>/>/> Chn hc, hoc chl: c mt ph ra tng i u nhau
mt xy c u n v p (hnh 5.l).
Trc khi xy phi ra cho sch v ti t mt nc ht vo
cng gn n trng thi bo ho cng tt. Khng dng bn v kh
xy.
DEnh B.1. F=> hc thGnh tHng hGng
V>/>2> X l nn trc khi xy
a) i vi nn t: phi bc ht lp t hu c, t bn, t c ln
vi, gch nt ca cng trnh c li (nu c), sau sa phng mt
nn;
b) i vi nn : phi bc ht lp phong ha trn mt theo thit
k; C ra sch sl hang hc v kl h ri btng hoc va ximng lp
l0
l0
kYn v lm phng mt nn. Sau khi btng v va ng cng mi -
c xy;
c) Xy trn tng lc ngc: phi ri mt lp v bao ximng, mt lp
btng ht nh dy khong 4-5 cm, ri mi xy ln trn;
d) Xy trc tip ln nn t: phi chn nhng hn ln, d mnh
xung t nhiu ln cho vin ngp mt phn trong t lin kt
tt gia v t;
e) Xy tip trn cc khi xy c: phi co ht ru mc, ra sch v ti
nc ln khi xy c, ri mi ri va xy khi xy mi;
g) Nu trong h mng c nc mch: phi x l nc mch cho kh ro, ri
mi xy.
V>/>B> K thut xy : theo cc yu cu sau:
a) Khng c xy to hoc nh tp trung vo mt ch theo
chiu di ca tng; Nu tng dy th xy to phYa ngoi v nh
trong li. ln cn ginh xy phn chn tng v gc tng;
b) Cn xy vi cao ng u trong kt cu xy nn ln
u, nu phi chia kt cu thnh tng on, th ch ngt on phi
xy dt cp;
c) Khi xy phi t thnh tng hng, mi hng phi c cc hn
cu cht to h ging. Khi xy tng giao nhau, trong tng hng phi
b trY cc vin cu cht cc u tng vi nhau;
d) Trng hp khi xy nm cnh khi btng hoc nm gia hai
khi c khp ni chng ln, th ti ch tip gip vi khi btng phi xy
bng lo hoc btng;
e) Phi chln cht cc khe mch rng bn trong khi xy bng va
v nh. Khng xy trng mch mt ngoi cng nh bn trong khi
xy, nhng vin xy trong cng mt lp phi c chiu dy tng ng
nhau. Mch ng ca lp xy trn phi so le vi mch ng lp xy
di Yt nht 8cm. Trong mi lp phi xy hai hng mt ngoi t ng
trc, sau xy cc hng gia. Cc hn xy mt ngoi tng
phi c kYch thc tng i ln v bng phng. Khng c t tip
xc trc tip vi nhau m khng m va. Phi va trc, t sau,
khng c lm ngc li;
g) Khi xy phi t nm hn , mt to xung di. Phi m trc
hn ; nu cn, sa li vin bng ba hn nm khYt v trY
vi mch va khng dy qu 3cm. Sau khi m th v sa li hn ,
nhc n ln, ri va, ri t vo, dng tay lay, ly ba g nn vo
hn va phi ra ngoi mt, sau dng thanh st trn
l0mm.Thc k vo mch ng nn cht va, ng thi chln thm
dm vo mch va mch tht no va. Khng dng dm k
hc mt ngoi.
ll
ll
h) Khi xy ct, tr, phi t thnh tng hng cao 0,25m, cc
vin mt c chn cm su vo khi xy. Cn chn nhng vin
di, dy mnh; khng nn dng vt cnh, mng;
i) Khi tm ngng xy, phi va, chln dm vo cc mch ng
ca lp trn cng, trn mt lp ny khng c ri va; Nu thi gian
ngng ko di, mt trn ca tng phi c che ph kYn v ti nc (c
bit trong ma hl, ma kh, ma gi ty).
Khi xy tip, phi c qut dn ht rc bn v phi ti nc cho
m mt trn ca tng, khng ng nc; Sau tri va ln ri xy
tip;
k) Khng c lm tc ng lc hoc i li trn mt khi xy khi
mch va cha ng cng. Ch p t sau tng chn t v cho tng
chu ti trng thit k khi va t cng thit k;
l) Nu trong tng c l thot nc, c th dng thn cy chui hoc
g lm li, sau khi xy xong phi rt ra.
V>2> 78 9" hc <h1ng !hnh hng cQ (L+
V>2>/> Yu cu hc: hc th khng cn hai mt tng i song
song.
DEnh B.?. F=> hc &hCng thGnh hGng
V>2>2> K thut xy hc khng thnh hng: khc xy thnh hng ch
cc vin xy ca hng ny ngm vo hng kia (hnh 5.2), phi tun
theo quy nh nh i vi hc xy thnh hng v nhng qui nh sau:
a) Chiu dy cc mch va khng ln hn 20mm v phi u nhau;
Cc mch xy ngang dc khng c tp trung vo thnh mt im nt
(hnh 5.3): Khng to thnh nhng mch cho ko di thnh hnh ng
cong (hnh 5.4); Khng to mch ng song song, mch cho ch thp,
mch va li lm;
b) Phi phn b u ln, nh trong khi xy, khng chln vn
vo cc mch va ngoi mt khi xy, khng t cc vin c mt li
lm theo hng chu lc ca khi xy (hnh 5.5);
l2
l2
DEnh B.3. -i#m n.t. DEnh B.5. -)ng cong. DEnh B.B. 6Im h/ng
ln.
c) Khi xy, va trc, ri t vin cn thn ln va v sp
xp bng tay cc vin n khp vo nhau, m bo Yt nht ba im
t ln cc vin di. Cc vin nh c ken vo gia nhng vin to,
to thnh khi c v vng chc. Sau tip va lp y
hon ton cc khe kl. Mt ph ra ca cc vin khng nh ra tt vo qu
50mm so vi tuyn qui nh.
V>B> 78 9" 9\o cQ (L+
Xy lo phi tun theo qui nh cho xy thnh hng v mt
s qui nh sau:
a) Khi t vin , ch cho th dc vin tng i thng gc vi
phng chu lc. Mt ph ra ngoi ca lo phi phng nhn, c
chiu ngang Yt nht gp i chiu cao;
b) Mch va phi no va v dy khng qu l5mm, nhi cht mch
ng, chln thm dm cho tht c cht vo mch va phYa ui
vin ;
c) Xy lo gc tng, khe van, khe phai, phi theo quy nh
sau:
- Chn vin c phm cht tt, kYch thc ln, c ui (cay) di, mt
bng phng, vung thnh, sc cnh;
- Xy theo kiu ci ln;
- Thng xuyn kim tra, m bo thng ng gc vung v kYch th-
c chYnh xc ca khe van, khe phai.
V>4> 78 9" 9] M9" <iA-N cQ (L+
Xy ( kiu) phi tun theo qui nh nh i vi xy hc
thnh lp v xy lo, ngoi ra cn phi theo qui nh sau:
a) Phi la chn nhng vin ( kiu) c hnh dng, qui cch
v kYch thc theo yu cu ca thit k;
b) Khi vn chuyn, xp ng v xp t khi xy, phi lm ht
sc cn thn khng lm st ml cc vin ;
c) Phi xy ng kiu cch bn vl thit k;
d) Khi cn thit, c th dng nm k vin khi xy; Khi xy
xong phi rt nm ra, ri nhi va vo v trY nm cho tht kYn v cht.
V>V> 78 9" <iA- ^!_ ong^ cQ (L+
l3
l3
V>V>/> lo dng xy tng kiu t ong phi c mt ph ra
ngoi phng v c dng a gic, chiu di mi cnh ti thiu bng l0cm,
gc trong do nhng cnh to thnh khng ln hn l80
o
. a gic mt
ph ra ngoi c th c 5, 6, 7 cnh hoc nhiu hn, nhng tt nht c 6
cnh, v loi ny to thnh mt th xy p. Mt v cnh vin phi
phng, sc mch va c u v cht. Khng dng vin c mt
ngoi hnh tam gic hoc t gic. Cc vin lo xy gc ngoi ca t-
ng phi c hai mt ph ra ngoi thng gc vi nhau v u c dng a
gic; lo loi ny cng phi c ui (cay) di ti thiu 25cm.
V>V>2> Khi xy kiu t ong cn theo quy nh sau:
a) Khng th dng ton loi 5 cnh hoc 7, 8 cnh xy ring
v kh ghp vi nhau, kh to c mt xy u n; Cn xy ln ln,
c th xy ton loi 6 cnh to c mt xy u n v p,
khi nn t cc vin ng (hnh 5.6);
b) Khi xy hn hp cc vin to, nh c 5 cnh tr ln, phi sp
xp cc vin nh bao quanh ln thnh mt mng li cn xng, theo
kiu hnh hoa th (hnh 5.7). Cc vin ln c sa mt ph ra c
nhiu cnh (7, 8, 9 cnh), kt hp cht chl gia cc vin ln v nh
(hnh 5.6).
DEnh B.J. -4t cc ;in (ng Kng. DEnh B.L. -4t cc ;in
&i#u hoa thM.
V>#> 78 (`% 9" cQ (L+
V>#>/> Dng cp pha v gi bng g hoc bng thp trc khi xy vm
v cn phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
a) Vng chc, ng kYch thc, tho lp d dng v dng c nhiu
ln;
b) Gim cc mi ni ti mc Yt nht; Vn khun phi nhn v khYt;
c) Gim lc un v lc hng ngang vo cc thanh chng;
d) Gi khun vm v thanh chng phi t trn nn tt, bo
m khng ln. Nu nn xu, nn k chn chng bng cc tm k
rng khng b ln. Thanh chng c th c k bng nm d
iu chnh v tho d;
l4
l4
e) Trnh va chm mnh lm mo, lch cp pha v gi sau khi lp
dng.
V>#>2> xy vm: phi c kYch thc chun, t ng hoc
nghing, khng t nm.
Nu xy vm bng lo, phi gia cng c hnh nm, tr-
ng hp chiu dy u mch va v cui mch va chnh lch nhau
khng qu lcm c th dng hnh ch nht.
V>#>B> Ch nn dng ximng pooclng ch to va xy. Khng
nn dng ximng pooclng puzlan hoc ximng pooclng x, v hai loi
ximng ny cng chm hn (nht l ma ng). Khi cn tho d cp pha
sm, c th dng ximng pooclng cng nhanh hoc pha ph gia cng
nhanh vo va.
V>#>4> Khi xy vm cn phi:
a) Ti m trc khi xy, trn va trong nh hoc ni rm mt.
b) Lp xy vm phi to thnh hnh nan qut, chiu dy cui
mch va khng c nh hn 5mm. Chiu dy u mch va khng c
ln hn 2cm, nu l v khng ln hn 2,5cm nu l lo, mch
phi so le nhau ti thiu l0cm trn chiu rng (khu ) ca vm;
c) Xy ng thi t hai chn vm ln nh vm trn khp chiu
dy v chiu rng ca vm;
d) Sau khi va xy t 70% cng thit k (tui 28 ngy), mi -
c xy kha vm (vin nh vm), nu khng c iu kin thY
nghim th sau 7 ngy v ma hl v sau l4 ngy v ma ng mi xy
vin kho vm ng v trY v phi chln va tht k. ng tim ca vin
kha vm phi trng vi ng tim ca vm;
e) Sau khi xy vm v va bt u ng cng, phi bo dng m
bng cch ti m 3 ln/ngy v che nng trong ba ngy u sau khi thi
cng xong;
g) Sau khi xy xong kho vm Yt nht 3 ngy m mi c xy
dng cc cng trnh nm trn vm, phi xy i xng t hai chn vm
ln nh.
V>#>V> Tho d vn khun trong iu kin nhit trung bnh ngy m
bng hoc ln hn l5
o
C: sau l0 ngy m k t lc xy vin kho
vm (nu khu vm nh hn 5m), sau l0 ngy m (nu khu
vm t 5 n 8m). Nu nhit thp hn, th c thp hn l
o
C phi
ko di thm l ngy m. Trng hp cn tho d cppha sm, th phi
dng va cng cao (tng ximng) hoc dng ph gia cng nhanh hoc
cc bin php khc v thng qua thY nghim xc nh thi gian tho
d cppha, c s ng ca c quan thit k v gim st.
Sau khi tho d cppha phi thng xuyn quan st s bin dng ca
vm.
l5
l5
V>W> 01ng !"c !2"! %ch ( !o g8n
V>W>/> Sau khi xy xong, mch va thng khng c hon ton c
chc v cha y, cn phi trt mch cho cc mt khi xy (c mt
khut v mt l ra ngoi) nhm t yu cu sau:
a) Tng cng chng thm ca khi xy ( chng thm tt th tr-
c ht phi xy tt cc mch no va v c nn cht);
b) Lin kt cht chl thm cc hn mt ngoi khi xy;
c) Tng vl p ca cng trnh i vi mt xy l ra ngoi.
V>W>2> Trc khi trt mch phi lm cc cng vic sau:
a) Dng c con c mch va xy vo su Yt nht 3cm (nu khi
xy mc mch, th ch cn c thm nhng ch cha su 3cm);
b) Dng bn chi st hoc bn chi nilng v nc c ra tht sch
cc mch va c v mt ;
c) m bo mch va m, nhng khng c nc ng khi trt mch.
Sau khi hon thnh cc cng tc x l mch, phi kim tra v
nghim thu bng vn bn trc khi trt mch.
V>W>B> Khi trt mch: dng bay p va vo khe mch v mit mch.
Sau khi va se mt, li mit mt ln na cho tht cht, sau tin
hnh nh sau:
a) Lm mch chm: u tin trt va cho bng vi mt khi xy v
mit cht. Sau dng thanh st trn c ng kYnh l0 - l5mm un
cong mt u, c i c li vo gia mch, to thnh nhng ng kl ch
su 5 - 7mm p va thm cht v tng vl p cho cng trnh (mch
chm lng mng) (hnh 5.8). Khi mch tng i phng, c th lm mch
chm bng cch ly mt thc g n vo mch c mch lm su
khong 5 - 7mm. Mun lm mch chm su, th sn thc g mp
mch lm c cho su ca mch khi va v t vin ;
b) Lm mch bng: khi trt mch g ln trn mt khi xy lcm
v rng 3- 4cm, va trt trm ln mch v ph mt phn vin gn mp
mch xy (hnh 5.9);
c) Lm mch ni (to gn): p va cao hn mt khi xy
lcm. Mt ct ngang ca gn l hnh thang cn: y nh ngoi rng
3cm, hai cnh xin vi dc l:l (hnh 5.l0).
l6
l6
3
cm
va trt mch va
xy
mch
chm
DEnh B.N. +ch chEm
DEnh B.O. +ch PQng
DEnh B.1R. +ch nSi Tto g=nU
V>W>4> Sau khi trt mch, phi lm v sinh, co sch cc vt va cn
dYnh trn mt khi xy hoc ri vi di chn cng trnh.
V>W>V> Nu thit k trt mt ton b khi xy tng chng
thm v m quan, th tin hnh trt mt nh i vi khi xy gch. Trc
khi trt, b mt khi xy phi c lm sch v ti nc lm m (nu
khi xy mi c thi cng, th ch cn ti m). Phi trt lp va lt lp
y cc ch trng v to thnh b mt tng i phng, sau trt lp
tip theo (c th l lp ngoi cng). Khi trt, phi mit bng bn xoa
cho va dYnh cht vo mt trt, cc lp va lin kt cht vi nhau v
mt trt bng phng. tng s lin kt ca lp va sau vi lp va trc,
cn nh xm mt lp trt trc bng cch dng bay vch cc vt di ngang
dc khi va cn cha cng hn. Khi lp va trc se mt, mi c trt lp
sau. Nu lp trc kh qu, th phi ti nc lm m. Mt lp trt cui
cng phi xoa k mt va tht bng phng. Kim tra phng ca
mt trt bng cch t thc thng di 2m, ri o khe h gia thc v
mt tng; Nu thy ch no cha phng, th sa cha ngay. Mt tng
l7
l7
va trt mch
va xy
mch
ni
mch
bng
va trt mch va xy
sau khi trt khng c c vt nt nl kiu chn chim, g gh hoc cc
vt va chy.
Kim tra bm dYnh ca va bng cch g nh trn lp trt, nu
ch no pht ra ting ku bm bp, l dYnh bm km , phi ph ra v trt
li.
V>a> 01ng !"c *bo dcng <hi I8 9"
V>a>/> Sau khi xy v sau khi trt mch hoc trt mt phi bo dng
tt khi xy: che y khi tri nng trnh va mt nc nhanh, co ngt
nhiu v pht sinh nt nl. Khi va bt u ng cng, ti m lin tc
trong 4 - 6 ngy, nh k sau 2 - 3 gi trong ngy; Ban m nu tri
nng cng phi ti l - 2 ln.
i vi mt va trt c th phun cht bo dng ln mt va sau khi
trt ngn cn s bay hi ca nc trong va thay cho vic ti nc.
V>a>2> Khi ang xy, khi mi xy xong hoc trt xong, va cha kp ng
rn m gp tri ma, cn che y k khi xy gi cho mch xy,
va trt khng b nc ma ph hoi.
V>a>B> Trong thi gian bo dng v khi va cha cng, khng c
i li trn khi xy, phi bc cu cng tc, trnh gy rung ng v va
chm mnh vo khi xy. Khi tho gin do, cu cng tc v cppha,
thanh chng vm khng c rung ng mnh trnh long mch,
gim s n nh v kh nng chng thm ca khi xy.
V>a>4> Khi bt buc phi cho khi xy tip xc vi nc, phi theo qui
nh sau:
a) Nu nc tnh: phi bo dng khi xy mt ngy m, ri mi cho
tip xc vi nc;
b) Nu nc chy mnh: phi bo dng khi xy 28 ngy m, ri
mi cho tip xc vi nc (va t cng thit k v khi xy chu -
c ti trng thit k).
E$ 9: thu;t Ft
#>/> P"! 9" <h+n
#>/>/> Lt khan: l xp thnh mt lp trn mt nm ngang,
hoc nghing n nh nn v mi dc, trnh b st l, ph hoi.
#>/>2> lt khan: phi c cng chu nn, khi lng th tYch v
kYch thc theo yu cu ca thit k. Hnh dng ca vin phi m
bo xp t d dng.
#>/>B> Phi san nn v m nn theo yu cu ca thit k trc khi
lt khan.
#>/>4> Khi lt : cn theo cc quy nh sau:
l8
l8
a) t vin theo chiu thng ng (nu chiu di ca hn
bng chiu dy ca lp lt) v thng gc vi mt nn. i vi cc hn
ln v qu di, c th t nghing (chiu rng ca hn bng chiu
dy ca lp lt). Khng c xp hai vin dt chng ln nhau. Khe kl
gia cc vin lt ln c chln bng cc vin nh.
b) Cc vin lt khan hng trn cng ca mi nghing phi c cng
hai mt phng: theo mi nghing v trn mt nn nm ngang (hnh
6.l).
DEnh J.1. 6t tVn mi nghing
c) Lt trn mi nghing phi lt t di ln trn, chn cc vin ln
nht lt hng di cng v hai bn ra ca phm vi lt . Khi lt phi
m bo cht chl (cc vin tip xc cht vi nhau, vin trn Yt nht c
3 im tip xc vi cc vin di) nng cao tYnh n nh ca mt
lt mi dc.
d) Sau khi lt , phi m bo mt nn cht chl v t ng i
bng phng; g gh ca mt lt mi dc khng qu l00mm so vi
tuyn thit k.
#>2> P"! 9" cQ (L+
#>2>/> Lt c va: l xp thnh lp trn lp va lt ri chln cht
cc khe kl bng cc vin hoc mnh nh ph hp, sau hn hp
va vo khe kl v chc bng bay hoc que m bng g to thnh mt
khi lin kt cht v c chc. i dn lp va theo vic t cc vin
lt c t trn hn hp va cn dlo, cha bt u ng cng.
#>2>2> Lt c va phi theo cc quy nh sau:
a) trc khi lt phi c ra sch bn, t v cc cht c hi khc
m bo dYnh kt tt vi va;
b) Sau khi chln khe bng va, phi trt mch nh khi trt mch bng
ca khi xy , hoc to gn i vi mt lt mi dc;
c) Mt ph ra ca lp lt mi dc c g gh trong khong 50 -
l00mm so vi tuyn thit k ca mi dc;
d) Sau khi va bt u ng cng phi ti nc ln mch va va
khng b mt nc v pht trin tt cng . Vic bo dng theo quy
nh iu 5.8.
l9
l9
G$ Cng tc 9im tra v nghim thu 9h@i x6y B 3t
W>/> Kim tra cht lng v cc vt liu ch to va (ximng, ct v ph
gia): v cc vt liu sn xut va khi giao nhn phi c chng nhn
cht lng sn phm ca c quan c thm quyn. Khi cn hoc c nghi
ng v cht lng, phi tin hnh kim tra nh sau:
- Cht lng theo iu 3.6;
- Cht lng ximng, nc trn, cht lng ct theo tiu chun l4TCN 80 -
200l;
- Ph gia khong hot tYnh nghin mn theo tiu chun l4 TCN l08 -
l999;
- Ph gia ha hc theo tiu chun l4 TCN l07 - l999.
Phi lp h s kim tra cht lng theo quy nh, khng c s
dng nhng vt liu khng t cht lng theo yu cu ca thit k.
W>2> Kim tra thnh phn va, thit b cn ong v trn va trong qu
trnh sn xut va, cht lng hn hp va theo tiu chun l4 TCN 80
200l.
W>B> Kim tra cng tc chun b a im thi cng khi xy : chun
b nn, cm tuyn, ln ga, m bo iu kin v sinh, an ton lao
ng v.v...
W>4> Kim tra v nghim thu cht lng khi xy, lt ngoi thc t
gm cc ni dung sau:
a) Cch b trY, sp xp cc vin , mch va, x l cc ch xy
gin on v.v...;
b) Cht lng mc mch v trt mch, trt ngoi (nu c);
c) KYch thc, hnh dng khi xy, lt (i chiu vi bn thit k);
d) c chc ca mch va trong khi xy bng cch: c
th mt s v trY quan st.
Nu nghi ng cng va, c th kim tra bng ba kiu qu lc
nhn hiu PT/P/PM ca Thu S ln mch xy hoc p mu va ly t
mch ra, cch lm nh sau: Ly hai ming va c hai mt tng i phng
hnh vung mch nm ngang khi xy c chiu dy bng chiu dy
mch va, cnh ca mi ming ln hn chiu dy ca n; Gn hai ming
vi nhau bng thch cao to thnh mt khi gn nh hnh hp, ri trt ln
hai mt trn v di ca khi mt lp thch cao mng (dy l - 2mm);
sau mt ngy m, thY nghim p mu c c cng mu va.
Phi chun b v thY nghim nm mu nh vy ri tYnh gi tr trung
bnh ca chng.
Nu mch va khng no, khng c chc, cng va khng t
yu cu th phi d b khi xy lm li cho n khi kim tra t
yu cu.
20
20
e) i vi lt khan: c th dng x beng cy th mt s v trY
kim tra cht ca lp lt. cht ca khi lt t yu cu
khi cy mt vin th Yt nht 3 vin xung quanh cng ln theo (ngha l
chng lin kt cht chl vi nhau, c Yt nht 3 im tip xc vi cc vin
khc).
W>V> Phi thng xuyn kim tra kp thi sa cha sai st, trnh thi
cng h hng mi pht hin, phi ph i lm li. Lp bin bn, ghi r cc sai
st pht hin c; Qui nh thi gian sa cha sai st v sau khi sa
cha phi kim tra li v nh gi li cht lng; Kim tra vic bo dng,
thi hn tho d vn khun gio (i vi vm), thi hn cho khi xy
chu lc.
W>#> Phi kim tra, nghim thu kt cu v b phn cng trnh xy sl
b che khut trc khi thi cng b phn cng trnh lm sau.
W>W> Cc ti liu dng nghim thu cng tc xy, lt bao gm:
a) Cc bn vl thi cng v cc vn bn sa i (nu c) c cp c
thm quyn ph duyt;
b) Bn vl hon cng do n v thi cng lp, c xc nhn ca ch
u t;
c) Cc phiu kim nh cht lng vt liu ch to va (ximng, ct
v.v), xy lt, kt qu thY nghim hn hp va ca phng thY
nghim c cng nhn;
d) Bin bn nghim thu nn v cc b phn che khut;
e) S v bin php xy cc kt cu c bit nh vm v.v...;
g) S nht k thi cng (trong ghi r trnh t thi cng, cc cng
vic x l, nhn xt v cht lng xy, lt v.v...).
W>a> Cng tc nghim thu phi tin hnh nghim thu tng phn v
nghim thu ton b v lp bin bn y , r rng. Khi khi xy, lt
khng t yu cu k thut, sl ra yu cu x l v quyt nh ngy
nghim thu li. Ch sau khi nghim thu xong v sa cha y nhng
thiu st, th khi xy lt mi bn giao cho c quan qun l khai thc.
H s nghim thu gm bin bn nghim thu tng phn, ton b v
cc ti liu quy nh iu 7.7.
W>d> KYch thc khi xy, lt phi m bo cc sai s cho php qui
nh trong bng 7.l.
Bbng W>/: 0"c R+i R cho phep (Hi <hi I8, l"! 9"
STT 0"c hng %Gc S+i R
cho
phep,
%%
l lch so vi phng thng ng trn l m chiu cao ca:
- Khe van, khe phai, b phn lp my mc:
- Tng, m, tr pin:
3
2l
2l
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Nhng c trong hai trng hp ny lch trn ton b chiu cao
khng vt qu:
Khong cch gia tim cng trnh v
- Mp mng:
- Khe van, khe phai:
- Tng, m, tr pin:
i vi khe van, khe phai:
- Khong cch gia hai mp song song vi nhau khng c nh
hn khong cch thit k, c th ln hn, nhng trn ton b
chiu cao khng c ln hn:
- Trn bnh , lch v phYa thng, h lu gia hai khe van,
hoc khe phai i din nhau trong cng mt ca cng:
i vi cao nh:
- y cng, sn trc, sn sau, b tiu nng, tng tiu nng:
- Tng cnh g, tng u, m, tr pin:
i vi chiu dy:
- Xy mng bng hc:
- Xy tng bng hc:
- Xy ct bng hc:
- Xy mng bng lo, kiu:
- Xy tng bng lo, kiu:
- Xy ct bng lo, kiu:
g gh trn mt khi xy khng trt c kim tra bng cch
p mt thc di 2m vo mt khi xy:
- Xy mng bng hc:
- Xy tng bng hc:
- Xy ct bng hc:
- Xy mng bng lo, kiu:
- Xy tng bng lo, kiu:
- Xy ct bng lo, kiu:
V trY trn bnh ca vm v cc cng trnh trn vm:
Chiu dy ca thp xy vm so vi chiu dy thit k:
Cao y vm v cao nh vm:
5
l5
25
3
5
3
3
l0
20
30 0
20 0
20 0
l5 0
l5 0
l0 0
20
l5
l5
5
5
5
20
2
l5
"t$ B trng H nng nghip v ptnt
Th trng
Ph lc a
#hnh ph8n cc cI x6y
(Tham kho)
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22
xy c hnh dng gn hnh khi ch nht cng tt. xy gm
cc vin vi nhiu kYch c sp xp cht chl vi nhau trong khi xy.
Thnh phn cc c vin xy nn tho mn cc yu cu trong bng A.l.
Bbng f>/> Thnh ph;n c"c cc (i,n 9" I8
B dy
danh
ngha
(mm)
KYch c gn ng
cho (thit k)
KYch thc ca
hnh khi tng
ng (mm)
Cc c nh hn
kYch c cho
(thit k), (%)
Trng lng (kg)
Th
tYch
(m
3
)
l50
l5
l0
5
0,5
0,006
0,004
0,002
0,0003
l75
l50
l25
50
l00
80
50
l0

250
45
27
ll
2
0,0l8
0,0ll
0,005
0,0003
250
225
l65
75
l00
80
50
l0

Ghi ch: A*B CDt 3i4! n+E bao gFm cc mnh " v+ c(c " c% trong th+nh 'hGn cc cH
" "& t9o nn m0t )hIi ",c ch,t v+ vng chJc7
Ph lc B
thnh ph8n vCa x6y
(Tham kho)
Nu thnh phn va khng c iu kin xc nh bng tYnh ton
v thc nghim th c th ly thnh phn va nh sau: l phn ximng v
3 phn ct theo th tYch v c th thay l0% trng lng ximng bng vi
ti (Ca(OH)
2
). Va phi t cng nn ti thiu bng 50 kg/cm
2
(5MPa).
Ch : c th ly khi lng th tYch ca ximng l
x
l,2 kg/l, khi
lng th tYch ca ct l
c
l,45 kg/l, trng lng ca Ca(OH)
2
trong vi
nhuyn (ti trong h) bng 50% trng lng ca vi nhuyn.

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