Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 44 views

    Challenges of Fracking: Underground Water Contamination

    Uploaded by

    lewisrahimi
    The document discusses several challenges of fracking including underground water contamination from chemical leakage, large water consumption of 2-3 million gallons per well, naturally occurring radioactive materials emerging from drilled cuttings and produced water, induced minor earthquakes, air pollution from equipment and released volatile compounds, and need for robust regulations to govern drilling, waste water handling, and well construction and closure. It also notes fracking has reduced dependence on natural gas imports but led to oversupply and lower market prices. Proposed ways to overcome challenges include comprehensive planning, mandatory drilling and construction standards, strong casing/cementing, inspections, and waste water treatment.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content

    You might also like

    Challenges of Fracking: Underground Water Contamination

    Uploaded by

    lewisrahimi
    44 views7 pages
    The document discusses several challenges of fracking including underground water contamination from chemical leakage, large water consumption of 2-3 million gallons per well, naturally occurring radioactive materials emerging from drilled cuttings and produced water, induced minor earthquakes, air pollution from equipment and released volatile compounds, and need for robust regulations to govern drilling, waste water handling, and well construction and closure. It also notes fracking has reduced dependence on natural gas imports but led to oversupply and lower market prices. Proposed ways to overcome challenges include comprehensive planning, mandatory drilling and construction standards, strong casing/cementing, inspections, and waste water treatment.

    Original Description:

    disadvantage of hydraulic fracturing

    Original Title

    WST Challenges

    Copyright

    © Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Report this Document
    The document discusses several challenges of fracking including underground water contamination from chemical leakage, large water consumption of 2-3 million gallons per well, naturally occurring radioactive materials emerging from drilled cuttings and produced water, induced minor earthquakes, air pollution from equipment and released volatile compounds, and need for robust regulations to govern drilling, waste water handling, and well construction and closure. It also notes fracking has reduced dependence on natural gas imports but led to oversupply and lower market prices. Proposed ways to overcome challenges include comprehensive planning, mandatory drilling and construction standards, strong casing/cementing, inspections, and waste water treatment.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    44 views7 pages

    Challenges of Fracking: Underground Water Contamination

    Uploaded by

    lewisrahimi
    The document discusses several challenges of fracking including underground water contamination from chemical leakage, large water consumption of 2-3 million gallons per well, naturally occurring radioactive materials emerging from drilled cuttings and produced water, induced minor earthquakes, air pollution from equipment and released volatile compounds, and need for robust regulations to govern drilling, waste water handling, and well construction and closure. It also notes fracking has reduced dependence on natural gas imports but led to oversupply and lower market prices. Proposed ways to overcome challenges include comprehensive planning, mandatory drilling and construction standards, strong casing/cementing, inspections, and waste water treatment.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Underground Water Contamination Energy Sector Water Consumption

    Surface Installation

    Challenges of Fracking

    Naturlly Occuring Radioactive Material (NORM)

    Government Regulations Earthquake and Seismic Interuption

    Air Pollution

    Challenges of Fracking
    1.Underground Water Contamination Chemical Leakage into underground water supplies (formaldehyde, boric acid, methanol, isopropanol, arsenic ) Drinking water contamination 2. Water consumption 3.NORM Uses 2 to 3 million gallons (NORM) emits low levels of water per well each of radiation year Radon( 222) can come to Limited source of water in the surface along with the dry region. shale gas. it remains in the rock pieces of the drill cuttings, remains in solution with produced water, or, under certain conditions, precipitates out in scales or sludges .

    Growing populations, other industrial water Irritations of eyes, skin, demands, and seasonal disrupt sensory organs and variation in precipitation respiratory ,brain and nervous system damage

    Challenges of Fracking
    4.Air Pollution 5.Earthquake & Seismic Interuption -Produces long narrow fractures in the rock formation. -This could trigger minor seismic activity especially when fluid is injected into formation. -magnitude ranging from 4.5 to -1 6.Government Regulation -CWA 1948 -SDWA 1974 -CAA 1963 -OSHA 1970) 7.Surface Installation -Construction of facilities -Well is decommissioned usually after 3 to 6 years part of the area is vacated again 8.Energy Sector -Diesel engines & equipments needed to run -Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) which upon released could lead to air contamination, acid rain and ground level ozone. -No longer dependent on imports of natural gas -Global oversupply has led to collapse in gas prices

    Ways to Overcome Challenges


    Comprehensive zoning and Planning Mandating Standards- During Drilling and Construction Using Strongest Casing,Well Sittings,Cementing Funding Robust Inspection and Enforcement Program

    Waste Water Treatment

    Appendix 1- Main components of fracturing fluids

    Source: Waxmann HA, Markey EJ, DeGette D, 2011: Chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. United States House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce, Minority Staff, April 2011

    Appendix 2- Estimated Water Consumptions

    Source: Nguyen P. (2010) Regulatory Options & Challenges in Hydraulic Fracturing. Texas Christian University.

    You might also like