:

,
*
'

' (,)Bochkareva
,1917
. ()
(Yashka, My Life as ,)Don Levine
,Peasant, Exile and Soldier ,
' , .
, ' ' ,
, ' ' ,
,
.
6,000
1. ,

2011 ,
*
. " . , "
" .

[ , , ( 10") ,' ]267

66,000 ( )1920 800,000

2.
19181914 , :

3. :

.
,
, ' ( ,)Bochkareva
1917
.' .
.
' ,
,
, .
' .
. ,
' ,
.
'' ( ,)kornilovka
( .)Kornilov ,
,
' .
(' )Eisenstein and Aleksandrov' .4
,
. , '
.2001 , ,

, .
,1917
.
( )Drokov ( )Stoff They Fought
for the Motherland: Russia's Women Soldiers in World War I and the Revolution
' .

'
.
( , )
,
. ,
5. '
, ,
, ,
.

()
. Yashka, My Life as Peasant,
Exile and Soldier ,1919
' ( .)Don Levine
, ' 1918
, .
, ,
. , ' ;

6
.
.
, '
( ,)baba ,
7. , ,
, .
,
, , .
'
8. ( )
. soldiers

( )18681918 .

10

,soldati ,
. ,
,
.
' , ' ,
.
( )Paperno
. ( )Bauman
''
' ' ,
. ''
, . ,
9. ,
'' . ,
, .

,
'' '' .
10
' ' , .
,
; . ,

. , ,
, ' , ,
'' , .

:
19181905
, '/ 1918
( Stories of the Soviet Experience: Memoirs, Diaries, Dreams
).

11

. ,
() .

, , ,
'' ''
. '
' '
,19181905 '
. '

1918
. , , ,
, ,
. '
( )Zetkin . ,
, ,

. ,
.
' '
11. , ,
'' ( ) ,
. "
, [ ]baba " 12. ,
,
.
,
13. , ,
'' .

'' , ,
' .' .

12

; ,
14
.
, .
,1905
. ,
.
,
.
, .
.
, ,
, ,
15
' ' .
'
.1917 ,
( ,)Pankhurst 1917 ' ,
' 16. ,
,

.



,

17.


.

. ,

'
((Pankhurst ,1917

13

. ,
( )otstalie .
.
,
. , ,
, .
, ,
,
18
, , .
.

,
19.
;
,
20. ''
' ' ' ' '' ( .)tovarishch ''
, '' ,
, ''
'()' .

'
,
.
, ,' :
' Female Masculinity '
( .)Halberstam "
, ''
,
' .

14

.
,
' ' (' )'female masculinity
. ,
,
21
.

,
. ,
.
,
22.

' ' ,
23. ,
,
24
.
' '
' ,
, , ' '
, .
,
, .
,
. , '
.
, , '
(
) , .
, ' . ,
,
,

15

. , '

.

:
( )Frolkova 1889 ()Novgorod
.
, .
.
, ,
' , ' .
25. ,
.
, ,
. , '.
' .,
, , '
.
' ,
.
.' ,
' ' 26. , ,
.
'
' . , !' , 27. ,
.
.
( ,)Irkutsk , ,
. ,
.'

'.

16

, . ,
, .
, ( ,)Buk , .
' . ,
.
, ,
, .
, , .1912 ',
.
28. '
: 1918
' ' 29.
,' ( .)Yakutsk

.
, ' .
, ( .)Amga
, .' ,
,1914
" . ,
" , " ,
30
".
'
' ' . , ,
, , .
' , ' ,
, , ,

. , ()virtues

. , ,
. ,

17

31.
,
.
' .
, '
. , . ,
.' :
" [ ] , ,
" 32. ()
,
, ,
'" . " ," , ,
33
".
' , ( ,)Tomsk
25 . ,
.' ,
.
" " 34. , ,
, .
, ' ' ,
.
( .)Yashka
,
. , ,
.
' ,
.

, ,

. ''
, , " " 35.
.

18

,
.
' . ,
, " .
" , ; ",
, " 36.
' , ,
. ,
37.
' ' , .
, ,
,' .

, , . ,

" : []
" , ' " , ,
38
[ . ]. , ".
' ' ',
.
, .

.' ,
, " "
39. ,
' ,
.
' , ,'
40
.
,
' .
, ,
.

19

' , , .1917

, " ".
' . :
" , " , ,
41
.
1917 ' .
, , .
' "[] " 42.
, ,
, , .

( ,)Rodzianko ,
"
" 43.' ,
' 44.'
( ,)Kerensky 1917 .
, ( ) .

.1912-1917
' ' .
( ,)1978' .297

20

'

'
. ' . 500
45
.

' . ,
() , ,
,
.
: ,
, .


. ; '
.
:
, ,
.
,

21

" . ,
, " , ' .
" : ,
" 46. ,
,' " ,
47
[]".
' .

, .
, "
" . (
) . , "
" 48.
.
, , .
, " .
" , " ,
" 49. '
.
'' '' ,
.
' '

. ,
" 50. , " ,
'
51.1917
' .

" " 52.
.
,
.

22

54

, . (,)Petrone

, , , .
,
'' 53. '

:
,
,
. ,
, . ;
.


.
.
,
. 1920 ' ,'''
Masculinity and Heroism in Imperial and Soviet Military-Patriotic Cultures

( ).

23

( ,)Cheka 1917

55. ,



.

" .

56
" , '.
'
,1920

' "1918 ,

. ,
' , '
( .)Kol'chak ,
( )Drokov ' ,
. ,
( ,)Harbin
57.1927 .

'
. , ,
, , , ' '
58.

, 59 .
, . ,

24

/
,
, . ,
, '
.

,' ( )Durova
' ,
, . ,
,
,
'' (' ,)'to pass
.
: ' .

,
'
.
'
; ;

.

1 ( ,)2006' .1
2 ( ,)1992' ;134 ( ,)2004'
.627
3 ( ,)2006' .1
4 ( ,)2001' .7
5 ( ,)2009' .259
6 ( ,)1919' .xii-vii
7' ( ,)1919' 261.
8' ( ,)1919' .162
9 ( ,)2009' .154153
1 0 ( ,)1989' .101
( ,)2008' .34
11 ( ;)1997 ' .315

1 2
1 3
14
15
1 6
1 7
1 8
1 9
20
21
22

,' .16
,' .1716
,' .26
( ,)1978' ;233191 (,)2004
' .140118
,' .297

( ,)2009' .4411
'' ( ,)2002' .5856
( ,)2004' 141.
( ,)2002' 197196.
( ,)2006' .191152
( ,)1998' .431

:
2 3
2 4
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
3 2
3 3
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41

( ,)2006' .153
( ,)1998' .272
' ( ,)1919' .6
' ( ,)1919' .19
' ( ,)1919' .20
( ,)1993' .164
' ( ,)1919' .44
' ( ,)1919' .64

( ,)2000' ;1917 ( ,)1997'
.203201
' ( ,)1919' .64
' ( ,)1919' .6665
' ( ,)1919' .74
' ( ,)1919' .113112
' ( ,)1919' .127
(.275274 ,)1998
' ( ,)1919' 88.
' ( ,)1919' .103
' ( ,)1919' .104103
' ( ,)1919' 128.

4 2
4 3
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
5 5
5 6
57
58

59

25

' ( ,)1919' .137

' ( ,)1919' 154.
( ,)2006' .75
( ,)1994' .6650
' ( ,)1919' .171
' ( ,)1919' 172171.
' ( ,)1919' .181179
' ( ,)1919' .201
( ,)1992' 138.
' ( ,)1919' 208.
' ( ,)1919' 210.
( ,)2002' .184172
1917
([ )Niva .]30
( ,)1994' .6650
' ( ,)1919' .258
(.197168 ,)2010
( ,)2006' ;8170 ( )2001'
2517.
( ,)2001' .5251

, (") , , .
, (") , : ,
.
"Abraham, Richard (1992), "Maria L. Bochkareva and the Russian amazons of 1917,
Linda Edmondson ed., Women and Society in Russia and the Soviet Union,
Cambridge.
Beckett, Samuel (1989), Nohow on (London).
Botchkareva [sic], Maria (1919), Yashka: My Life as Peasant, Exile and Soldier, as
edited by Issac [sic] Don Levine, London.
Chatterje, Choi (2002), Celebrating Women: Gender, Festival Culture, and Bolshevik
Ideology, 19101939, Pittsburgh.
Drokov, Sergei (1993), "Organizator zhenskogo batal'ona smerti," Voprosy istorii, 7.
Drokov, Sergei (1994), "Protokoly doprosov organizatora Petrogradskogo zhenskogo
batal'ona smerti," Otechestvennye arkhivy, 1.

26

Drokov, Sergei (2001), "Predislovie k russkomu izdaniu," preface to the Russian

Edition, Maria Bochkareva, Yashka: moia zhizn krest'ianki, ofitzera i
izgnannitsi, v zapisi Isaaka Don Levina, Moscow.
Drokov, Sergei (2010), "Maria Bochkareva: kratkii biograficheskii ocherk russkogo
voina," V.M. Lavrov ed., Russkii istoricheskii sbornik, II, Moscow.
Engel, Barbara Alpern (2004), Women in Russia, 17002000, Cambridge.
Halberstam, Judith (1998), Female Masculinity, Durham & London.
Kelly, Catriona (1992), "'Better halves?' Representations of Women in Russian Urban
Popular Entertainments, 1870-1910," Linda Edmondson ed., Women and
Society in Russia and the Soviet Union, Cambridge.
Krylova, Anna (2004), "Stalinist Identity from the Viewpoint of Gender: Rearing
a Generation of Professionally Violent Women-Fighters in 1930s Stalinist
Russia," Gender & History, 16, 3.
Levine, Isaac Don (1919), "Introduction," Maria Botchkareva [sic], Yashka: My Life
as Peasant, Exile and Soldier (as set down by Issac [sic] Don Levine), London.
Paperno, Irina (2009), Stories of the Soviet Experience: Memoirs, Diaries, Dreams,
Ithaca & London.
Petrone, Karen (2002), "Masculinity and Heroism in Imperial and Soviet MilitaryPatriotic Cultures," Barbara Evans Clements, Rebecca Friedman and Dan
Healey eds., Russian Masculinities in History and Culture, Hampshire.
Schrand, Thomas G. (2002), "Socialism in One Gender: Masculine Values in the
Stalin Revolution," Barbara Evans Clements, Rebecca Friedman and Dan
Healey eds., Russian Masculinities in History and Culture, Hampshire.
Stites, Richard (1978), The Women's Liberation Movement in Russia: Feminism,
Nihilism, and Bolshevism, 18601930, Princeton.
Stoff, Laurie S. (2006), They Fought for the Motherland: Russia's Women Soldiers in
World War I and the Revolution, Lawrence.
Wood, Elizabeth A. (1997), The Baba and the Comrade: Gender and Politics in
Revolutionary Russia, Bloomington & Indianapolis.