3

Declaration (2012)
Michael Hardt & Antonio Negri
Translated by Pouya Gholami & Peyman Gholami



.
.

 Declaration

Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri

/
1392/9/

: 11 ...........................................................
:1 23..............................................
24 ..........................................................................................................
32 ..............................................................................................
37 .................................................................................................
45 ...............................................................................................
:2 53 .........................................................
56 ...................................................................................
61 ...........................................................................................
65 .............................................................................................................
70 ...........................................................................................
:3 75 .........................................................
75 ......................................................................................................

 78 ........................................................................................
80 .......................................................................................... .
84 ............................................................................................... .
88 ......................................................................................................... .
91 .................................................... .
94 ................................................... .
97 ....................................................................................................... .
99 ............................................................................................
100 ........................................................................................................... .
103 ..................................................................................................... .
106..................................................................................................... .
110 ............................................................. .
113 . .
117 .........................
122 ...............................................................................................
127 ..................................................................................................... .
131 ..................................................................................................... .
: 135...........................................................................
145 ...................................................................................

1 .

.

.
.
:

. 2

1. manifesto
2. multitudes

11

 .


1 .
2011

2
.

.
2011
3
.


.
2011 . 17 2010
26
.
!
.

1. constitutions
2. common sense
3. Occupy Wall Street


.
.


.
.

15
1
. 2
.
!

:
.

.

.

1. indignados
2. encampment

13

 )
(

.
.

.
17
.

.

.


1
.



.

1. constitutional

 1 2 .

.


.
.


.

.


.

.



.

1. singular
2. local

15

 .
.

1 .
2 .

:

) .(8
2011 3 .

.

.
4
.
.

: )
( ) ( .
1. occupation
2. nomadic
3. sedentary
4. organization


.

.

.

.



.
)
( 1 .
.




.


1. the common

17

 .

. 2005


.
1

. .

.
2
.

2011
.
.

.
: 3 ][4
1. private property
2. public property
3. the indebted
4. the mediatized
* media ) (
:( ( .

 1 .1
.
) (1990 .
mediator ) (
. :

.

.


.
.
:
.
. .
.
] [
.
:



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.

: . ..
1. the securitized

19


:

.


/ 2
.

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1. the represented
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.

.

. )
( .
) (representation .
.
. )
(
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2. representation

 1
2 .
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.

1. constitutional principles
* ..
2. constituent

21

 :1

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1

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1. state of exception
2. social terrain

23



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.

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.

.
.

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.


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.

.
.


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.
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.




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25

 1
2 .

1. wage workers
2. precarious workers
* )( 70
80

.

.


.
.

.
) (


)
/ ( . .
. .

..
Franco Bifo Berardi, Precarious Rhapsody: Semiocapitalism and the
Pathologies of the Post-Alpha Generation (London: Minor Composition,
)2009

 .


.

: .

.
.
.

.

.


.
.

.
.

.

27

 1 2
3
.
1. rent
2. profit

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1. surplus
2. lack
3. tienne de La Botie

33



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1
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60 2

1. likes and dislikes
2. Romano Alquati

 . 1
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.
1. Matteo Pasquinelli

35

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2011

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37



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39


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41



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1. bloody legislation
2. free population

43



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45

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1. Constitution
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49

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51

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53


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1. being together
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) (friendship ) (community ) (commune
) (communism ) (communion ) (the common .
:
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(..

55

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. 3 :
4 5
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6 7 . .
.
1. becoming singular
2. becoming individual
3. process of singularization
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84-77 4 .104-85.
4. self-affirmation
5. self-valorization
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4. sovereign debt

59

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63

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65

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67


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75

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77

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79

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81


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131


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.

1 .
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.

1. law
2. constitutional


.
.

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1 .
.
1. Constitution

133

 )
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.

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.

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. 2011

.

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135

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137

 .

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. )
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)

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.

.


.

.



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.
.
/
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.

.
.
. )(
.

1 .
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*
) ( ) (commoner
.

139


: )(
)( )( .

:/
.

:
/

.
.

1
.
. .
common : ..
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) (
)
(:
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( : / .
. ..


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. 1
:

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1. alliance
2. coalition

141

 .


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.

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.

2011 .



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.

2011
.
.

.

.
!
!

.

.


.



.


143

 .
!
2011

.
:
.

.

:

.

:

..
Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man (New York: Vintage, 1947), 581

:1

145


:
Franois Chesnais, Les dettes illgitimes (Paris: Raison dagir,
2011); Richard Dienst, The Bonds of Debt (New York: Verso,
2011); David Graeber, Debt: The First 5,000 Years (New York:
Melville House, 2011); and Maurizio Lazzarato, La fabrique de
lhomme endett (Paris: Editions Amsterdam, 2011)

..
.206 (1386 : )

..
Gilles Deleuze, Mediators, in Negotiations, trans. Martin
Joughin (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), 12134,
129.
tienne de La Botie, Discourse on Voluntary Servitude (New
York: Columbia University Press, 1942); and Baruch Spinoza,
Theological-Political Treatise, in Complete Works, ed. Michael L.
Morgan, trans. Samuel Shirley (Indianapolis: Hackett, 2002).

..
Matteo Pasquinelli, Capitalismo mecchinico e plusvalore
di rete, UniNomade 2.0, 17 November 2011,

http://uninomade.org/capitalismo-macchinico/

.
..

Romano Alquati, Composizione organica del capitale e

forza-lavoro alla Olivetti, part 1, Quaderni rossi, no. 2 (1962); and
part 2, Quaderni rossi, no. 3 (1963).

: )
.5 (1387

..
Michel Foucault, Le prison partout, in Dits et crits, vol. 2
(Paris: Gallimard, 1994), 19394, 194.

..
www.sentencingproject.org
Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in
the Age of Colorblindness (New York: New Press, 2010).

..
Loc Wacquant, Punishing the Poor (Durham, NC: Duke
University Press, 2009)

..
Thomas Jefferson, letter to John Holmes, 22 April 1820.

..
Carl Schmitt, Verfas sungslehre (Berlin: Duncker und
Humblot, 1928), 209.

147

 :2
) :.(1389
..
) :(1390
) 2 ( ) 9( .112

..
):
(1377 2.95

Angela Y. Davis, Are Prisons Obsolete? (New York: Seven

Stories Press, 2003).

..
) :
(1390 4 4 67.276

..
Jack Balkin, Constitutional Redemption: Political Faith in an
Unjust World (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011).

..( poder distituyente)

Colectivo Situaciones, 19 and 20: Notes for a New Social
Protagonism, trans. Nate Holdren and Sebastin Touza (New
York: Minor Compositions, 2011).

:3



1861 .
.. .
Fragment on the Constitution and Union in The Collected
Works of Abraham Lincoln, vol.4, ed. Roy Basler (New Brunswick:
Rutgers University Press, 1953), 168-69.

Peter Linebaugh, The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties and
Commons for All (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2009).

..
Marc Bousquet, Stefano Harney, and Fred Moten, On
Study, Polygraph, no. 21 (2009): 15975.

..

(1387 : )

149


..
Michael Kammen, A Machine That Would Go of Itself: The
Constitution in American Culture (New York: Knopf, 1986).

1888
.
..
Bruce Ackerman, The Decline and Fall of the American Republic
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2010).

..
Sheldon S. Wolin, Democracy Incorporated: Managed Democracy
and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism (Princeton, NJ: Princeton
University Press, 2008).

:
:
)( ) : (1389

..
Journal Commoner, www.commoner.org.uk

Cover design by Benjamin Shaykin

@ 2012 by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri

eISBN : 9780786752911

151