by (5). But x x x + = r sin cos + r cos sin .

. r r r In terms of t = r sin(x / r ), we have r cos(x / r ) = r 2 t 2 , and the foregoing equation for z becomes r sin z = p r sin x + r r = p t cos + r 2 t 2 sin ,

which proves (8). Note that z 0 = p (t ). It is not surprising that the combination t cos + r 2 t 2 sin in (8) resembles the right-hand side of the equation x = x cos + y sin for changing coordinates from an x y -system to an x y -system by rotation of axes through an angle . We leave it to the reader to formulate the result corresponding to (8) when the prole is given in implicit form p (z , t ) = 0. Corollary (Perpendicular view). When = /2, we get the prole function z /2 = p r2 t2 .

Example 5 (Rotated view of a slanted plane cut). If p (t ) = t , which corresponds to cutting the original cylinder by a plane inclined at 45 , relation (8) translates to z = t cos + which implies that
2 2z t cos + t 2 = r 2 sin2 . z

r 2 t 2 sin ,

As expected, this represents an ellipse (possibly degenerate) in the t z -plane. Examples are shown in Figure 9. When = 0 the prole is a line segment with equation z = t , and when = /2 it is the circle described by z 2 + t 2 = r 2 . Example 6 (Rotated view of a parabolic cut). In this case p (t ) = ct 2 and (8) takes the form z = c t cos + r 2 t 2 sin .
2

Figure 9. Various proles of a rotating inclined ellipse. The dashed portions lie on the rear half.

May 2007]

UNWRAPPING CURVES FROM CYLINDERS AND CONES

395