`kg RvZxq msm` wbevPb-2014

evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxMi wbevPbx BkZnvi

kvw MYZ Dbqb I mgwi c_
GwMq hvQ evsjv`k
cUfwg
AvjvKvj fwelZi w`K cv evwoqQ evsjv`k| i nqQ `vwi` I
cvrc`Zv nZ gag Avqi `k DiYi HwZnvwmK Kvjce| c~Y nqQ
wcq gvZfwg evsjv`ki ^vaxbZvi 42 eQi| meKvji mek evOvwj,
RvwZi wcZv eez kL gywReyi ingvbi mygnvb bZZ 1971 mvj wk
j knx`i ii wewbgq ^vaxb evsjv`ki Afz`q wek BwZnvmi GK
AweiYxq NUbv| ^vaxbZv evOvwj RvwZi mek ARb| ^vaxbZv I gywhy
bZZ` vbKvix evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxM Kej GB ARbi icKviB bq; 1949
mvj cwZvjM _K A`vewa evOvwj RvwZi hv wKQz gnr ARb evOvwj
RvwZi AvZcwiPq, fvlv, ^vaxbZv, MYZ, Dbqb I mgwiI icKvi|
RvwZi wcZv eez kL gywReyi ingvbi bZZB m~wPZ nqwQj DbZ-mg
mvbvi evsjv wbgvYi gnr Kgh| hyi asmh _K DV `uvwoqwQj
evsjv`k|
wK 1975 mvji 15 AvM RvwZi wcZv eezK mcwievi nZvi fZi
w`q Avevi gyL _yeo co evsjv`k| 3 bf^i KvivMvi AvUK Pvi RvZxq
bZvKI GKB Lywb P nZv Ki| Lywb gvkZvK I wRqv P ^vaxb
evsjv`k cybtcwZwZ Ki mvgwiK kvmb I ^iZi aviv| mvgwiK
digvbi gvag msweavb mskvab Kiv nq; wbwl NvwlZ `jjvK ivRbxwZ Kivi myhvM w`q cybevwmZ Kiv nq| gywhyi PZbv I AxKvi nq
wbevwmZ| gywhy I ^vaxbZvi cZ weivwaZvKvix, hyvcivax Ges wbwl
NvwlZ RvgvZ Bmjvgx cfwZ mv`vwqK ivRbwZK `j I Zv`i bZv`i
Kej cybevwmZB Kiv nq wb, mvgwiK kvmK wRqvDi ingvb Ges cieZxKvj
Zvi Dim~wi Lvj`v wRqv Zv`i ivgZvi Askx`vi Ki| Aea mvgwiK
kvmKiv msweavb KZb, RbMYi fvUvwaKvi niY Ges wbevPb eevK asm
Ki| ivxq ccvlKZvq mvgwiK QvDwbZ Mo Zvjv nq GKvwaK
ivRbwZK `j| nZv-Kz-cvv Kz nq `uvovq wbZw`bi NUbv| ewMZ I
MvxMZ ^v_ mk evwnbxK eenvi, gywhvv Awdmvi I RIqvb`i nZv
3

Ges PvKwiPzZ Kivi gvag `yej Kiv nq gywhy weRqx Mievj

mbvevwnbxK| ivxq mvm, mv`vwqKZv, agi Aceenvi, Kvjv UvKv,
cwkkw, `ybxwZ, jyUcvU Ges `yevqbK iv cwiPvjbvi bxwZZ cwiYZ
Kiv nq| beBqi MY-Afzvbi ci 1991 mvj msm`xq MYZ
cybtcwZwZ njI gZvmxb weGbwc ^ikvmbi G avivB AevnZ ivL|
GfveB cuPvi-cieZx mvgwiK I ^ivPvix kvmKMvx ^vaxbZv I gywhyi
ARb Ges GKwU myLx my`i mg evsjv`k Mo Zvjvi mKj mvebvK
bmvr Ki `q|
evsjv`ki ^YhyM (1996-2001)
GB `ytmn Aevi Aemvb NU 1996 mvj| `kevmxi exiZc~Y MYZvwK
msMvg Ges AMwYZ knx`i AvZ`vbi cUfwgZ 12 Ryb AbywZ RvZxq
msm` wbevPb HwZnvwmK weRq ARb Ki evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxM| `xN 21
eQi ci Avevi AvIqvgx jxM miKvi MVb Ki| eez-Kbv Rbbx kL
nvwmbv iv cwiPvjbvi `vwqZfvi MnY Kib|
1996-2001 mvj ch AvIqvgx jxM miKvii Mievj mvdjMuv_v
evsjv`ki BwZnvm ^YhyM wnme wPwZ nq AvQ| gv cuvP eQi Lv`
AvZwbfikxjZv ARb, `eg~j nvm, g~jxwZi nvi 1.59 kZvsk bvwgq
Avbv, cewi nvi 6.2 kZvsk DbxZKiY, Mvi cvwb eb Pzw, cveZ
PMvg kvwPzw, `vwi` wegvPb bvbv Dvebx Kgm~wP MnY I nZ-`wi`
gvbyli mvgvwRK wbivcv Kgm~wP MnY, gvbe `vwi` m~PK wY nvi Kwgq
Avbv, mviZvi nvi 65 kZvsk DbxZKiY Ges 21 deqvwii AvRvwZK
gvZfvlv w`emi ghv`v jvf cfwZ ARb evsjv`kK wek AwgZ mvebvi
`k wnme cwiwPZ Ki| we`yr, Rvjvwb I fZ AeKvVvgv wbgvY,
wewbqvM I mqi AwRZ nq AfZc~e mvdj| gv cuvP eQi we`yr
Drcv`b eo `uvovq 4300 gMvIqvU| hgybv b`xZ eez mZz wbgvY, 62
nvRvi wKjvwgUvi ivv, 19 nvRvi mZz I KvjfvU wbgvY wbfihvM fZ
KvVvgvi wfw vcb Ki| IB mgq `k QvU-eo 1 jvL 22 nvRvi wkKviLvbv vwcZ nq| miKvwi I emiKvwi LvZ j j gvbyli Kgmsvbi
eev nq| gbvcwj fO ^g~j mevi nvZ gvevBj, KwDUvi I
Z_chywK mKji Rb AevwiZ Ki `Iqv nq| mKji Rb ^vmev
wbwZ KiZ cwZ 6 nvRvi gvbyli Rb MnY Kiv nq KwgDwbwU wKwbK
cwZvi Kgm~wP|
4

AvBbi kvmb I gvbevwaKvi cwZvi j KzLvZ BbWgwbwU AwWbv

evwZj, eez nZvKvi wePvi, RjnZvi wePvi cwqv i Ges AvBb
msvi Kwgkb MVb Kiv nq| mykvmb cwZv, bvixbxwZ cYqb I bvixi
gZvqb, msm` cavbgxi ckvi c_v Pvjy, vqx KwgwUZ gxi e`j
m`m`i Pqvigvb wbqvM, Pvi i wewk vbxq miKvi eevi Rb AvBb
cYqb Ges miKvii mei Revew`wnZv I ^QZv cwZv Kiv nq| mgvR,
A_bxwZ, ivRbxwZ I wkv-mswZmn me cybtcwZwZ nq gywhyi
aviv| Nyi `uvovq evsjv`k|
mvebvi AcgZz : weGbwc-RvgvZ `yeKewjZ evsjv`k
ccvZ `y ZveavqK miKvii g`Z KviPzwc I KvimvwRi dj 2001
mvji msm` wbevPb AvIqvgx jxMi wbwZ weRq wQbZvB nq hvq|
AvIqvgx jxM I weGbwc-RvgvZ RvU cvq mgvb msLK (40 kZvsk) fvU
cjI weGbwc-RvgvZ RvUi Rb `yB-ZZxqvski ewk Avmb wbwZ Kiv
nq| ckwe nq wb`jxq wbic miKvii aviYv|
ivgZvq AwawZ weGbwc-RvgvZ RvU Zv`i cuvP eQii `ytkvmb
evsjv`kK GKwU AKvhKi iv cwiYZ Ki| nZv, mvm, icvZ,
Rwev`x Dvbi dj evsjv`k cwiYZ nq gZz DcZKvq| ^qs Lvj`v
wRqv Ges Zvi cy ZviK ingvbi Zveavb I wb`k 2004 mvji 21
AvM Rbbx kL nvwmbvK MbW nvgjv Ki nZvi Pv PvjvZ wMq
bvix bx eMg AvBwf ingvbmn AvIqvgx jxMi 22 bZvK nZv Kiv nq|
nZv Kiv nq msm` m`m I mveK A_gx GGmGg wKewiqv, msm` m`m
I kwgK bZv AvnmvbDjvn gvvi, AvWfvKU gyij Bgvg I mveK
msm` m`m ggZvRDwbmn AvIqvgx jxMi 21 nvRvi bZv-KgxK| nZv
Kiv nq wn`y, e I wLvb agvej^x wewkRbmn emsLK gvbylK|
mv`vwqK mvmi wkKvi nq agxq msLvjNy j j bvix-cyil| wn`ygymjgvb wbwekl kZ kZ bvix Ges wk-wKkvix nq MYalY I alYi
wkKvi| mvsevw`K, wkK, eywRxex, mswZKgx, KlK, kwgK KDB
weGbwc-RvgvZ RvUi ivRbwZK cwZwnsmv I dvwm nvgjvi nvZ _K
invB cvq wb| gwmfvq vb cvq wPwZ hyvcivaxiv|
miKvii ccvlKZvq DM Rwev`i mk Dvb NU| 17 AvM, 2005
ZvwiL `ki 63wU Rjvq GKB mgq cuvP kZvwaK vb evgv weviY
5

NUvq, weGbwc-RvgvZ RvU miKvii Avgji wewfb mgq Av`vjZ, wmbgv

nj, gjv, `iMv, gmwR`, MxRv, gw`i, Awdm, mfv-mgvek cfwZ vb
Rwev`x`i evgv nvgjvq wePviK, AvBbRxex I mswZKgxmn AmsL gvbyl
wbnZ nq| AvnZ nq I wPiw`bi Rb cyZeiY Ki nvRvi nvRvi gvbyl|
evsjv`k cwiYZ nq Rwev`x`i AfqviY| mvmx ivi Kvjv ZvwjKvfz
nq evsjv`k|
Abw`K `k cwiPvjbvq weGbwc-RvgvZ RvU miKvii mvgwMK e_Zv,
A`Zv, `ybxwZ, `jxqKiY Ges gZvi Aceenvi Dbqb I AMMwZi
avivKB D `q| bmvr Ki `q me mvebv| ZviK ingvbi D`vM
Mo Zvjv nq ivgZvi mgvivj ev weK K` nvIqv feb| GB nvIqv
feb _KB 21 AvM MbW nvgjv Ki Rbbx kL nvwmbvK nZvi
cwiKbv bIqv nq| nvIqv feb nq DVwQj mvm, Rwev`, wmwKU,
Puv`vevwR I Kwgkb msMn, ckvmbi wbqvM-e`wj, Aea A I gv`K eemv
cfw Z `kweivax Aea KgKvi ANvwlZ nW KvqvUvi| weGbwc-RvgvZ
RvU miKvii gx, Ggwc Ges `jxq/A/mnhvMx msMVbi `ybxwZ, `ivZ
`kevmxi RxebK AwZ Ki ZzjwQj| RvU miKvii cuvP eQii kvmbvgji cuvP eQiB wUAvBwei iwUsq evsjv`k weki mePq `ybxwZM
`k wnme KzLvwZ ARb Ki|
nvIqv febi g`Zcy Amvay eemvqx`i wmwKU mw Ki Kwg msKU|
AvIqvgx jxM Avgji Zzjbvq `eg~j 100-200 Y ew cvq| g~jxwZ
AvIqvgx jxM Avgji 1.59 _K 10 kZvsk Qvwoq hvq| ZviK ingvb,
AvivdvZ ingvb I weGbwci gx, msm` m`m I `jxq ewiv Avg`vwb eemv
Kivi cwZ ewk Zrci wQj; Zviv evsjv`kK AvZwbfikxj KiZ Pvq wb|
eemv-evwYRi mv_B weGbwc miKvi ewk hy wQj| Zviv wbR`i ^v_K
eo Ki `L `k I RbMYi ^v_K wemRb w`qQ| ivZvivwZ nvRvi
nvRvi KvwU UvKvi gvwjK nq MQ| AKvi nvwiq hZ emwQj `k|
Gmei dj AvIqvgx jxM Avgj Lv` AvZwbfikxj `k Avevi Lv`
NvUwZi `k cwiYZ nq| Avevi gv `Lv `q; Lv`vfve I Kgmsvbi
Afve gvbyli gZz msev` msev`ci nWjvBb nq| AvIqvgx jxM Avgj
Pvjy KwgDwbwU wKwbKjv e Ki `Iqv nq| mviZvi nvi 65 _K
Avevi 50 kZvsk bg Avm| 1997 mvji bvixbxwZ I wkvbxwZ evwZj
Kiv nq| bvixi gZvqb, wkv I ^v LvZ m weiZv AvIqvgx jxM
Avgji Dbqbi avivK evbPvj Ki `q|
6

Uvbv cuvP eQi gZvq _vKjI weGbwc-RvgvZ RvU miKvi we`yr Drcv`b
evovZ cvi wb; eis KvhKi we`yr Drcv`b gZv 1 nvRvi gMvIqvU nvm
cvq| Mvm Drcv`bI weivR Ki weiZv| wK Lvj`v-cy ZviK I Zvi
ezi Lv^v wjwgUWi AwZgybvdv I jyUcvUi myhvM Ki `Iqvi Rb kZ
kZ KvwU UvKvi we`yZi Lywu U q Kiv nq| we`yZi `vwe Rvbvbvi Aciva
PuvcvBbeveM Rjvi KvbmvU GK eQi 17 KlKK wj Ki nZv Kiv
nq| we`yr I Rvjvwb msKU Amnbxq chvq cuQ| dj `ki wkvqb I
wewbqvM gyL _yeo co| Gi cvkvcvwk mvi, exR, wWRj cfwZ Kwl
DcKiYi A^vfvweK g~jew I `yvcZvi Rb gvivZKfve Kwl Drcv`b
nvm cvq| KwlZ mw nq weiZv|
ckvmb, wePvi wefvM, wbevPb Kwgkb, wkv cwZvb, cywjk ckvmbmn mei
wbj `jxqKiY, PvKwiPzwZ, `Lj, Ae`gb cfwZi dj mykvmb I bvq
wePvii Aemvb NU| weGbwc-RvgvZ RvU `ki wbevPb eevK asm I
wbevPbKvjxb wb`jxq wbic ZveavqK miKvi eevK A_nxb Ki
Zvj| `jxq AbyMZ ewK cavb Dc`v Kivi j msweavb mskvab
Ki cavb wePvicwZi PvKwii eqmmxgv `yB eQi ew, Avven AhvM
ew`i wePvicwZ I wbevPb Kwgkbvi wbqvM, 1 KvwU 23 jvL fzqv fvUvi
KiB v nq wb, Zviv KviPzwc I BjKkb Bwwbqvwisqi bxj-bKkv
KvhKi Kivi gwiqv cPv Pvjvq| 2006 mvj mvsweavwbK evaevaKZv I
RbgZ Dcv Ki weGbwci `jxq ivcwZ W. BqvRDwb wbRK GKZidvfve wb`jxq wbic ZveavqK miKvii cavb Dc`v NvlYv Kib|
wK nvIqv febi Avven BqvRDwbi cwZkwZ f I ZveavqK
miKviKI `jxq bxj-bKkv evevqbi nvwZqvi cwiYZ Kivi cwicwZ
wbic wbevPb KiZ e_ nq `dvq `dvq ZveavqK miKvii Dc`viv
c`ZvM Kib| BjKkb Bwwbqvwisqi bxj-bKkv cKvk nq co|
ZveavqK miKvii KgKv GKwU Aeva wbic myz I wekvmhvM wbevPb
Ame Ki Zvj| G cUfwgZ 2007 mvji 11 Rvbyqvwi gZvi cvjve`j
NU| `k Riwi Aev Rvwi I msm` wbevPb wMZ Kiv nq| W. BqvRDwb
cavb Dc`vi c` _K AcmvwiZ nb| mbvevwnbxi mg_b W. dLixbi
bZZ MwVZ nq bZzb ZveavqK miKvi|
weivRbxwZKiYi ivRbxwZ I gvBbvm Uzi Accqvm
mbvmgw_Z GB bZzb ZveavqK miKvi Riwi Aevi myhvM XvjvIfve
ivRbxwZwe``i Pwi nbb I wbhvZbi c_ MnY Ki| i nq
7

weivRbxwZKiYi bvg cQb mvgwiK kvmb| `xNw`b ivRbwZK KgKv

wbwl _vK| Kej ivRbxwZwe`B bq, `ki eemvqx m`vq,
wekwe`vjqi wkK-eywRxex, mvaviY `vKvb`vi, dwiIqvjv Ges QvmgvR
nq wbhvZb-wbcxob I nqivwbi wkKvi| AvIqvgx jxMi c _K Awej^
wbevPb `Iqvi `vwe RvbvjI, Zviv Zv Dcv Ki| msweavb-ewnfZ KZ
Z cqvM Ki ZveavqK miKvii gqv` `yB eQi ch cjw^Z Kiv nq|
BZvga cPvi Kiv nq gvBbvm Uz dgyjv| KvhZ eez-Kbv Rbbx kL
nvwmbvK ivRbxwZ _K weiZ ivLvi j _KB GB Z nvwRi Kiv nq|
we`k Mgb Kij Rbbx kL nvwmbvi ^`k cZveZb wblavv Rvwi
Kiv nq| wK Rbbx kL nvwmbv fq-fxwZ-wblavv Dcv Ki `k
wdi Avmvi `p cZq e Kib Ges G evcvi AvRvwZK RbgZ Mo
Zvjb| dj miKvi wcQz nUZ eva nq| gv_v DuPz Ki kL nvwmbv `k
wdi Avmb| wK MdZvi wbhvZbi cwZev` Ges miKvwi Kvhgi
e_Zvi K_v Zzj aivq Gi wKQzw`b ciB 2007 mvji 16 RyjvB Kvbv
civqvbv I AwfhvM QvovB eez-Kbv Rbbx kL nvwmbvK MdZvi
Kiv nq| `vqi Kiv nq GKi ci GK wg_v gvgjv| wbRb e`x Aevq Zvi
Ici Pvjvbv nq gvbwmK wbhvZb, GgbwK Zvi Rxeb mskqI `Lv `q|
mbvmgw_Z GB miKvii mgq gvBbvm Uz dgyj
v KvhKi Kiv, eo ivRbwZK
`j fvOb mw, mvgwiK Mvq`v evwnbxi mnhvwMZvq GKvwaK ewi bZzb
ivRbwZK `j wKsm cvwU MVbi D`vM, GgbwK mbvevwnbx cavbi
ivcwZ nIqvi gZv ivRbwZK DPvKvv `ki MYZvwK cwqv Ges
mvsweavwbK avivKB wecb Ki Zvj| evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxM mvsweavwbK
aviv AzY ivLv, ivRbwZK KgKvi Ici wblavv cZvnvi Ges Awej^
msm` wbevPbi ZvwiL NvlYvi `vweZ mviv`k RbgZ Mo Zvj|
ZveavqK miKvi GKchvq wbevPb Abyvbi NvlYv w`Z eva nq|
AvIqvgx jxM kL nvwmbvK Qvov Kvbv wbevPb AskMnY bv Kiv Ges nZ
bv `Iqvi wmv NvlYv Ki| RvZxq I AvRvwZK Pvc cwiwwZi
BwZevPK cwieZb NUZ _vK| Avgv`i `vwei cwZ Qwemn fvUvi
ZvwjKv cYqb Ges wbevPb ^Q evjU e eenvi Kiv nq| wbevPb
Kwgkbmn Abvb mvsweavwbK msv cybMwVZ nq| wbevPbx AvBb I
ivRbwZK `jwewaZI BwZevPK msvi/mskvabx Avbv nq| Rbbx kL
nvwmbvK gyw `Iqv nq| `xN `yB eQii gv_vq 2008 mvji 29 wWm^i
AbywZ nq beg RvZxq msm` wbevPb|
8

wbevPb evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxMi bZZv axb AvIqvgx jxM msm`i cvq bq`kgvsk Avmb wbizk weRq ARb Ki| AvIqvgx jxMi wbevPbx BkZnvi
w`be`ji mb`i cwZ AKz mg_b Rvbvq `kevmx| 2009 mvji 6 Rvbyqvwi
Rbbx kL nvwmbvi bZZ AvIqvgx jxM miKvi kc_ MnY Ki|
msKURvj wQb Ki `kK GwMq bIqvi mvebv nq AevwiZ|
AvIqvgx jxM bZZvaxb miKvii cuvP eQi : e`j hvIqv `kcU
Avgiv Avgv`i AxKvi c~iY KiwQ| Ze Avgv`i AxKvi I Kgm~wP
Kej cuvP eQii Rb wQj bv| evsjv`ki BwZnvm GeviB c_g Kvbv
ivRbwZK `j GKUv `xNgqvw` my Kgm~wP MnY KiwQj| 2009 _K
2021 mvj ch weZ icK-2021 ev wfkb Avgiv Dcvcb KiwQjvg|
m` mgv cuvP eQi gqv` Avgiv GB Kgmw~ P I icK-2021-Gi h AskwU
evevwqZ KiwQ, GLvb Zvi mswmvi Zzj aiv njv
l

AZxZi AwbqZv, msKUi PveZ Ges Abybqbi aviv _K

ei Ki Gb wcq gvZfwg evsjv`kK gywhyi PZbvq kvw,
MYZ I Dbqbi MwZc_ cybtvwcZ Kiv nq|
icK-2021 evevqbi j cYqb Kiv nq cwZ cwiKbv
2010-21 Ges l cevwlK cwiKbv (2010-15)| Dfq cwiKbv
evevqbvaxb iqQ|
MZ wbevPbx BkZnvi h cuvPwU AMvwaKvii welq wbavwiZ
nqwQj, mme Kej KvwZ mvdjB AwRZ nq wb, Kvbv
Kvbv LvZ jgvv Qvwoq MQ|
KVvi n fvv AwaKvi iv Ges g~j mvm e Kiv nq| Pvj,
Wvj, AvUvmn wbZcqvRbxq cYmvgMxi EaMwZ iva, Pvji `vg
nvm Ges RbMYi qgZvi ga wwZkxj ivLv nq| g~jxwZi
nvi 11 kZvsk _K Kwgq 7.5 kZvsk wwZkxj Kiv nq|
cvi RbMYi Avq-ivRMvi I qgZv ew cvq|
Uv dvm MVb, ivwbKviK`i Avw_K cYv`bv`vbmn `Zvi m
wekg`vi AwfNvZ I cfve mvdji m gvKvwejv Kiv nq| wek
cwimi cew Ges evwYRi wbMwZ mI evsjv`ki A_bxwZi
PvKv Kej PvjyB _vK wb, GB cwZKjZvi gaI evsjv`k Mo
6.2 kZvsk nvi cew AwRZ nqQ| mvgwK A_bxwZZ weGbwc
RvU miKvii Avgji m AvIqvgx jxM miKvii Zzjbv KijB
9

my nq DVe, Kviv `kK `Z DbZ-mg KiZ mg|

AwRZ mvdji wbgwjwLZ Zzjbvg~jK wPi w`K ZvKvjB G
mZB cwZfvZ ne h, GB aviv AevnZ _vKj 2021 mvji ga
evsjv`k AekB GKwU gag Avqi `k cwiYZ ne|

mvgwK A_bxwZi GB wP AvRv wZKfve cksmvm~PK ^xKwZ ARb KiQ|

G K_v mevB ^xKvi Kieb, AfixY mq I RvZxq Avq ewi dj
evsjv`ki cuvP eQi Avgv`i RvZxq evRUi AvqZb 2006-Gi Zzjbvq
2013-14 A_eQi 3.7 YiI ewk ew cqQ| iwgUv eoQ 3.7
Y, e`wkK gy`vi wiRvf eo `uvwoqQ cvq 5 Y, hv G hveZKvji
10

mevP| ivwb Avq eoQ AvovB Y| we`yr Drcv`b mgZv 3 Yi

ewk eo meKvji mevP 10 nvRvi gMvIqvU cuQQ|
l

weGbwc-RvgvZ RvU miKvii Avgji cuvP eQiB evsjv`k kxl

`ybxwZcivqY `k wnme KzLvwZ ARb KiwQj| MZ cuvP eQi
mB `ybvg ejvsk gvPb nqQ| AvIqvgx jxM miKvi ^vaxb
`ybxwZ `gb Kwgkb cybMVb KiQ| `ybxwZi Z`, Abymvb,
Revew`wnZv I ^QZv wbwZ KiZ `y`K cqvRb gx, Avgjvmn
h-Kvbv gZvai ewK Zje Ki wRvmvev`i bwRi vcb
KiQ| `ybxwZ I Awbqgi DrmgyLjv e Kivi j AbjvBb
Uvimn wewfb mev LvZ Z_chywi eenvii dj `ybxwZi
meMvmx cKvc KgQ|
we`yr I Rvjvwb LvZ AwRZ nqQ AfZc~e mvdj| Riwi
Avc`Kvjxb eev QvovI ga I `xNgqvw` eev bIqvi dj
BZvgaB we`yr msKUi mgvavb nqQ| 2013 mvji ga 7
nvRvi gMvIqvU we`yr Drcv`bi wbavwiZ jgvv AwZg Ki
BZvga Zv 10 nvRvi gMvIqvU DbxZ nqQ| AvwjK we`yr
evwYR bZzb mvebvi vi DbvPb KiQ| fviZ _K Avg`vwb
Kiv nQ 500 gMvIqvU we`yr| 2021 mvji ga 24 nvRvi
gMvIqvU we`yr Drcv`bi j ivwkqvi mvnvh 2000
gMvIqvUi iccyi cvigvYweK we`yr K`i wbgvYKvR i
nqQ| gsjv I PMvg KqjvwfwK AviI `ywU enr we`yr Drcv`b
K` wbgvY Kiv nQ| `ki 62 kZvsk gvbyl we`yr myweav cvQ|
bZzb bZzb MvmKc Lbb, Mvm Ges `ywU Zj Avwevi
nqQ| wk-KviLvbv Ges Mnvjx KvR bZzb Mvm mshvM `Iqv
nqQ|
`vwi` wegvPb AvIqvgx jxMi bZZvaxb miKvii AfZc~e
mvdj AvRv wZK ^xKwZ ARb KiQ| `vwi` wegvPbmn KqKwU
RvwZmsNi mnv jgvv (MDG) wbavwiZ 2015 mvji
`yB eQi AvMB A_vr, 2013 mvj evsjv`k ARb KiZ mg
nqQ| BZvga 2013 mvj mvaviY `vwi`mxgv 26.2 kZvsk
Ges nZ-`wi`i nvi wbavwiZ jgvv 11.9 kZvsk bg GmQ|
cvq 5 KvwU gvbyl `vwi`mxgvi Ici gawei i DV GmQ|
KgQ Avq-elg|
11

l
l

12

MZ cuvP eQi miKvwi I emiKvwi LvZ cvq 1 KvwU gvbyli

Kgmsvbi eev nqQ| Gi ga AfixY msMwVZ LvZ 69
jvL gvbyli Ges we`k cvq 25 jvL gvbyli Kgmsvb nqQ|
gv 33 nvRvi 274 UvKv eq Ki gvjqwkqvq miKvwifve kwgK
wbqvM, mw` Avie BKvgv cwieZbi myev` 4 jvwaK Kgx
ea nqQ| eKvi hyeK`i AvZKgmsvb I FY c`vbi j
cwkY Kgmw~ P AevnZ AvQ| bvkbvj mvwfmi AvIZvq cvq 57
nvRvi cwkYv_x ZiYi Kgmsvbi eev nqQ| G Kgm~wP
AevnZ _vKe|
wbevPbx BkZnvi-2008-G mykvmb cwZv wQj AbZg
AMvwaKvii welq| wK `ytLRbK njI mZ, iZB G
AvIqvgx jxM miKviK nuvPU LZ nq; gvKvwejv KiZ nq
AKbxq Pvj| Rbbx kL nvwmbv miKvii `vwqZfvi MnY
Kivi gv 52 w`bi gv_vq msNwUZ nq iv wewWAvi we`vn|
Pig ah, Amxg mvnm I ivbvqKvwPZ cv wbq cavbgx kL
nvwmbv wewWAvi we`vni kvwc~Y mgvavb Kib| mbvevwnbxZ
Avv wdwiq Avbb| BZvga wewWAvi we`vni 18 nvRvi
Avmvwgi wePvi mb nqQ| G Qvov dR`vwi KvhwewaZ 850
Rb Awfhyi wePvi Kiv nqQ| GB wePvi mbvevwnbx I AvavmvgwiK evwnbxZ kLjv I gvbevwaKvi cwZvq gvBjdjK wnme
weewPZ ne| wewWAvi we`vni Kj gvPbi Dk GB evwnbxi bvg cwieZb Ki evsjv`k eWvi MvW (wewRwe) ivLv nqQ|
bZzb AvBbI cYqb Kiv nqQ|
eez nZvKvi wePvii ivq KvhKi Kiv nqQ, mb nqQ
RjnZvi wePvi| Dby nqQ AvBbi kvmb cwZvi c_|
wbevPbx AxKvi Abyhvqx hyvcivax`i wePvii eev Kiv nqQ|
BZvga AvRvwZK hyvciva UvBeybvj 10 hyvcivaxi wePvi
mb nqQ| KvhKi Kiv nqQ Kv`i gvjvi duvwmi ivq|
msm`K KvhKi I AskMnYg~jK KiZ msm`i c_g
AwaekbB 50wU vqx KwgwU MVb Kiv nq| weivax `j _KI
msm`xq KwgwUi Pqvigvb wbevwPZ Kiv nq| msm` msiwZ
gwnjv Avmbi msLv 50 Rb DbxZ Kiv nqQ|

1975 mvji 15 AvM eez nZvKvi ci mvgwiK kvmK

wRqvDi ingvb mvgwiK digvb ej 72-Gi msweavb mskvab
Ki| cieZxKvj mbvkvmK Gikv`I GKBfve msweavb
mskvab Ki| 2006 mvj nvBKvU Ges 2011 mvj mywcg KvU
wRqv-Gikv`i mvgwiK kvmb I msweavbi cg mskvabxK
Aea NvlYv Ki| evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxM c_g _KB mvgwiK
kvmK`i Aea msweavb mskvabxi weivwaZv KiQ| 72-Gi
msweavb wdi hvIqvi evcvi AvIqvgx jxM wQj cwZkwZe|
2010 mvj AvIqvgx jxM miKvii c _K 72-Gi msweavbi
g~j PZbvq wdi hvIqvi j msweavbi c`k mskvabx wej
msm` Dvcb Kiv nq| 21 RyjvB 2010 RvZxq msm`i mKj
`ji m`m mg^q 15 m`m wewk GKwU msweavb mskvabx
msm`xq KwgwU MwVZ nq| `xN cvq GK eQi msm`xq KwgwU `ki
cwZwZ cvq mKj ivRbwZK `j, msweavb wekl, AvBbRxex,
eywRxex, mvsevw`K, ckvRxex, mykxj mgvRi wewfb msMVb Ges
mgvRi wewfb ii gvbyli m AvjvPbv I gZwewbgq Ki|
AmsL msMVb/cwZvb I ew wjwLZfveI Zv`i gZvgZ
Rvbvq| msm`xq KwgwUi 27wU mfvq Gme wbq wevwiZ AvjvPbv
nq| 30 Ryb 2011 RvZxq msm` c`k msweavb mskvabx wej
cvm nq| G mskvabxi dj gywhyi PZbv msewjZ 72-Gi
msweavbi Pvi g~jbxwZ msweavb cybtmshvwRZ nq| AmvsweavwbK
cvq gZv `Lji c_ i nq|
wbevnx wefvM _K wePvi wefvMK c_K Ges wePvi wefvMi
^vaxbZv I Avw_K gZv wbwZ Kiv nqQ| wePvi wefvMi Rb
ceZb Kiv nqQ ^Z eZb j|
evsjv`ki BwZnvm GeviB c_g gnvgvb ivcwZ me ivRbwZK
`ji m AvjvPbvi wfwZ mvP KwgwUi mycvwik Abyhvqx wbevPb
Kwgkb MVb Kib| wbevPb Kwgkbi ^vaxbZv wbwZ KiZ
jvKej wbqvM I Avw_K gZv wbevPb KwgkbK `Iqv nqQ|
fvUvi ZvwjKv nvjbvMv` Kiv nqQ| BZvga msm` Dc-wbevPb,
wmwU Kicvikb I gqi wbevPbmn 5 nvRvi 803wU vbxq
miKvii wbevPb AbywZ nqQ| wbevwPZ nqQ 64 nvRvi 23
RbcwZwbwa| vbxq miKvi Ges RvZxq msm`i DcwbevPbmg~n
wbwZ Kiv nqQ RbMYi fvUvwaKvi| cgvwYZ nqQ AvIqvgx
13

l
l
l
l
l

l
l

14

jxM miKvii Aaxb Aeva wbic myz I wekvmhvM wbevPb

me|
BDwbqb, DcRjv, Rjv cwil` I ci KZc
i gZv I `vwqZ
ew Kiv nqQ|
MVb Kiv nqQ KvhKi ^vaxb gvbevwaKvi Kwgkb|
msweavb z` b-Mvx Ges agxq msLvjNy`i mg-AwaKvi wbwZ
Kiv nqQ| elgg~jK AwcZ mw AvBb mskvab Kiv nqQ|
cYqb Kiv nqQ Z_ AwaKvi AvBb Ges MVb Kiv nqQ Z_
AwaKvi Kwgkb|
weGbwc-RvgvZ RvUi ccvlKZv I cZ g`Z `k
mv`vwqK mxwZ bmvr I Rwev`i Dvbi loh mI
AvIqvgx jxM miKvii cuvP eQi Rwev`x`iK KVvi n `gb
Kiv nqQ| mvmx ivi Kj wZjK gvPb Ki evsjv`k GLb
`wY Gwkqvq mePq wbivc` I kvwc~Y Rbc`|
cevmx evOvwj`i RvwZ MVb cwqvq AskMnYi wbwg 3wU
Abvevmx evsK vwcZ nqQ|
`jxqKiYi Ea ` I MYgyLx Rbckvmb Mo Zvjvi j
egyLx msvig~jK c`c MnY Kiv nqQ| B-Mfb cwZvi
j wefvM, Rjv-DcRjv I BDwbqb chvq KwDUvi mieivn
Ges BUvibU mshvM c`vb Kiv nqQ| Revew`wnZv I ^QZv
wbwZKiYi cvkvcvwk hvMZv, RZv I gavi wfwZ me
wbqvM I c`vbwZ wbwZ Kiv nqQ| KgKZv-KgPvix`i Aemi
MnYi eqm `yB eQi evwoq 59 Kiv nqQ| gywhvv KgKZvKgPvix`i Aemi MnYi eqm evwoq Kiv nqQ 60 eQi|
NvlYv Kiv nqQ 20 kZvsk gnvN fvZv| miKvwi PvKwiZ wbhy
gwnjv`i gvZZKvjxb QzwU Pvi gvm _K evwoq Qq gvm DbxZ
Kiv nqQ| miKvwi KgKZv`i eZb Kwgkb MVb Kiv nqQ|
AvIqvgx jxM miKvi ivR^ LvZ 4 jvL 27 nvRvii ewk c` mw
KiQ Ges 1 jvL 18 nvRvii ewk c` vqx KiQ| PvKwiiZ
Aevq `yNUbvq gZzeiY Kij 20 nvRvi UvKvi j 5 jvL UvKv
Ges AvnZ nj 2 jvL UvKv Aby`vb c`vbi wmv nqQ| miKvwi
KgKZv-KgPvix`i wPwKrmvmev c`vbi Rb 150 khv wewk

miKvwi KgPvix AvaywbK nvmcvZvj wbgvY Kiv nqQ|

eZb, fvZv, Avevmb I Abvb myhvM-myweav ewmn `ki cywjk
I AvBbkLjv evwnbxmg~nK AvaywbK I ` Ki Mo Zvjvi egyLx c`c MnY Kiv nqQ|
cwZkwZ Abyhvqx iscyi bZzb wefvM cwZv Kiv nqQ| wefvMxq
kni iscyi, bvivqYM, Kzwgjv I MvRxcyiK wmwU Kicvikb
NvlYv Ki mme Kicvikbi wbevPb mb Kiv nqQ|
gqgbwmsnK wmwU Kicvikb DbxZ Kiv nqQ|

AMvwaKvii welqjv QvovI Abvb iZc~Y Kgm~wP evevqbi fZi

w`q MZ cuvP eQi hme cwieZb I AMMwZ mvwaZ nqQ, GK K_vq Zv
AfZc~e|
l

2012 mvji ga Lv` AvZwbfikxjZv ARbi K_v

meRbwew`Z| Kwli Drcv`b ew, Kwl Drcv`b ewP Avbv, Kwl
MelYv Ges Kwli AvaywbKvqb AwRZ nqQ hyMvKvix mvdj|
mvii `vg KqK `dv nvm, KvWi gvag Kwl DcKiY weZiYi
eev, gv 10 UvKvq KlK`i evsK AvKvDU Lvjvi myhvM`vb
Ges eMvPvwl`i webv RvgvbZ Kwl FY c`vb cfw Z c`ci dj
MvgxY A_bxwZZ weivU cwieZb `kgvb nq DVQ| avb QvovI
kvK-mewR, dj-g~j, Zj, fzv I gmjv RvZxq dmji Drcv`b
gv^q eo PjQ| cvU I cuvP kZvwaK QvKi Rxebinm
Avwevi, cyw (wfUvwgb G) mg DbZ avb exR Dveb, jeYvZv,
Liv I RjgMZv mwnz DPdjbkxj avbi RvZ Dvebmn Abvb
Kwl cYi nvBweW RvZ Avwevi evsjv`ki KwlZ GK hyMvKvix
cwieZbi m~Pbv KiQ|
GKwU hyMvchvMx wkvbxwZ cYxZ I evevwqZ nQ| cv_wgK i
kZfvM wki fwZ, cv_wgK _K gvawgK i ch cwZeQi
webvg~j eB weZiY, cg I Ag kwYZ cvewjK cixvi
ceZb, Si covi nvi nvm, Qvx`i AbycvZ ew Ges cv_wgK
78 jvL 70 nvRvi 129 Rb, gvawgK i 40 jvL I DP gvawgK
_K wWwM ch 1 jvL 33 nvRvi wkv_xi miKvwi ew cvIqv cf
wZ wkv hyMvKvix AMMwZi mvi| 26 nvRvi 193wU
emiKvwi cv_wgK we`vjqK RvZxqKiY Ges 1 jvL 3 nvRvi 845
15

16

wkK-wkwqxi PvKwi miKvwiKiY Kiv nqQ| cavb wkKmn

wkK`i c`ghv`v, eZb-fvZv, Uwbs I `Zv evovbvi eev
Kiv nqQ| `ki cvq mKj wkv cwZvb chvqg gvwwgwWqv I BUvibU mshvM c`vb, KwDUvi jve cwZv, cwZ
DcRjvq GKwU Ki we`vjqK gWj we`vjq cwiYZ Kivi
Kvhg PjQ| AbjvBb iwRkb, fwZ cixv, cixvi dj
cKvk cfwZ Kvhg RbMYi cksmv ARb KiQ| AvIqvgx jxM
miKvi BZvga 6wU bZzb wekwe`vjq cwZv KiQ, AviI 7wU
cvewjK wekwe`vjq cwZvi Kgm~wP bIqv nqQ| 9wU bZzb
emiKvwi wekwe`vjq cwZvi AbygwZ `Iqv nqQ| 1 nvRvi
KvwU UvKvi vqx Znwej wbq cavbgxi wkv mnvqK Uv dv
MVb Kiv nqQ| `k mviZvi nvi 65 kZvsk DbxZ Kiv
nqQ|
wWwRUvj evsjv`k GLb Avi ^c bq, eve| wkv eevq
Z_chwy i evcK mmviY QvovI ckvmb, evswKs, wPwKrmvmev,
eemv-evwYR Ges MYhvMvhvMi gvag wnme Z_chywi
eenvi evsjv`k GLb `wY Gwkqvq kxl| cwZwU BDwbqb
BUvibU mshvM c`vb Ki BDwbqb Z_ I mevK` Mo Zvjv
nqQ| evsjv`k GLb cvq 3 KvwU 86 jvL gvbyl BUvibU
eenvi KiQ| gvbyl eenvi KiQ 10 KvwU gvevBj wmg|
gvevBj w_-wR Pvjy Kiv nqQ Ges AwPiB dvi-wR Pvjy ne|
^v LvZ weklZ wk ^v Dbqb mvD_ mvD_ cyivi fwlZ
nqQ evsjv`k| evsjv`k eZgvb wkgZzi nvi cwZ nvRvi
53, gvZgZz nvi cwZ nvRvi 143 Rb| MDG-Z wbavwiZ 2015
mvji GB jgvv evsjv`k 2013 mvjB ARb KiQ| G Qvov
gvbyli Mo Avqyvj eo 67.7 eQi DbxZ nqQ| AvIqvgx jxM
miKvii Avgj gvU 13 nvRvi KwgDwbwU wKwbK Pvjy I 24wU bZzb
miKvwi nvmcvZvj Pvjy nqQ| 100 khvi Rjv nvmcvZvj 250
khvq Ges 250 khvi nvmcvZvj 500 khvq DbxZ Kiv nqQ|
DcRjv ^v Kgci khv msLv 30 _K 50-G DbxZ nqQ|
7wU miKvwi bvwms BbwwUDUK KjR DbxZ, 12wU bZzb bvwms
BbwwUDU vcb Ges 4wU bZzb nj_ UKbvjwR BbwwUDU Pvjy
Kiv nqQ| vwcZ nqQ 1 nvRvi 35wU bZzb emiKvwi

nvmcvZvj| UwjgwWwmb I BUvibU mshvMi dj BDwbqb I

DcRjv _K weklvwqZ nvmcvZvj I gwWKj KjR nvmcvZvj
_K wPwKrmvmevi myhvM mw I evovbv nQ| miKvwi nvmcvZvj, KwgDwbwU wKwbK I ^vK` _K webvg~j Jla weZiY
Kiv nQ| msvgK evwa wbg~j I cwZiva evsjv`k AMMY|
evsjv`k eZgvb 90wU `k Jla ivwb KiQ| Wvvi I bvmmn
^v LvZ cvq 30 nvRvi RbK wbqvM `vb Kiv nqQ|
bvixi gZvqbi j AvIqvgx jxM miKvi RvZxq msm`i msiwZ Avmbi msLv 5wU evwoq 50wU KiQ| ivRbxwZZ bvixi
ewaZ AskMnYi myhvM mw Kivi Rb BDwbqb KvDwj I
DcRjv cwil` Ges cimfvq msiwZ bvix Avmb GK-Z
Zxqvsk DbxZKiY Ges mivmwi wbevPbi eev Kiv nqQ|
eZgvb `ki cavbgx, weivax `ji bZv, wKvi I msm`
DcbZv bvix| mywcg KvUi wePvicwZ, ckvmbi mevP chvq
mwPe, AwZwi mwPe, hyM mwPe, Rjv ckvmK, cywjki DPc`,
mk evwnbx I RvwZmsN kvw wgkb bvixi AskMnY bvixi
gZvqbi gvbqbi Dj mvi| evsjv`k bvix-cyili
msLvbycvZ 49.5 t 50.5, hv Kej RbwgwZK fvimvgc~Y bqB,
cw_exZ weij GB AbycvZ bvix-wki cwZ mgvRi mgZvc~Y
AvPiYi cwZdjb|
MZ cuvP eQi `wk-we`wk cvq 6 nvRvi eo wk cK wbewZ
nqQ| GZ cvq 15 jvL gvbyli Kgmsvbi myhvM mw nqQ|
Lyjbv I wmivRM `ywU e cvUKj cybivq Pvjy Kiv nqQ| cvU
wki cybixeb NUQ| mylg wkvbqbi j `ki wewfb
Aj ek KqKwU weklvwqZ wk GjvKv Mo Zvjv nQ|
vwcZ nqQ jvwaK z` I gvSvwi wk|
RbMYi Lv` wbivcv wbwZ Kiv nqQ| Lv` AvZwbfikxjZv
ARbi dj MZ `yB eQi Pvj Avg`vwb KiZ nqwb| MvgxY nZ`wi``i ga mvgvwRK wbivcv ebxi AvIZvaxb `wi` RbMvxi
ga U wiwjd, wfwRGd, KvweLv Ges ^g~j I webvg~j
wbqwgZ Lv` weZiY Kiv nqQ| dj gv nqwb| bv Lq KD
gviv hvq wb| Avc`Kvjxb mgqi Rb Lv` `vgi aviY gZv
14 _K 19 jvL Ub DbxZ Kiv nqQ|
17

cvKwZK cwieki fvimvg I ebvj iv, cvwbm`i Dbqb,

bc_i bveZv iv Ges mP mmviYi j MnY Kiv nqQ
egyLx c`c| KvwcUvj WwRsqi gvag gaygwZ, MovB, hgybv,
eywoMv, Kzwkqviv cfwZ b`xi `xN b-c_mg~ni bveZv cybivi
Kiv nqQ| gaygwZ I MovB b`x Lbbi dj `wY-cwgvj
cvwbi cevn ew cvIqvq jeYvZv nvm, my`ieb Ges RxeewP
iv me nQ| DcKjxq euva msiY, gReyZKiY I mmviYi
eev bIqv nqQ| Rjevqy cwieZb mevwaK SzuwKc~Y `ki
AbZg wnme mve `yhvM gvKvwejv Ges cwieki fvimvg
ivq MnY Kiv nqQ RvZxq, AvwjK I AvRv wZK mnhvwMZvi
mgw^Z KgcwiKbv-2009| miKvi wbR^ A_vqb Rjevqy Uv
dv MVb KiQ| evevwqZ nQ egyLx Kgm~wP|
hvMvhvM eevi AvaywbKvqb Ges RvZxq Dbqbi m mvgmc~Y
Kivi j moK, ij I b-c_i mmviY I msvii wecyj
Kgh evevwqZ nqQ Ges Pjgvb iqQ| XvKv-PMvg I XvKvgqgbwmsn moKi Pvi jb DbxZKiYi KvR GwMq PjQ|
gnmoKjvi wbqwgZ msvi Kiv nQ| wZv mZzi wbgvYKvR
mb Kiv nqQ| G Qvov vbxq miKvii Aaxb MZ cuvP eQi
wbgvY Kiv nqQ 29 nvRvi 672 wKjvwgUvi moK Ges 1 jvL 63
nvRvi 596 wgUvi weR I KvjfvU| weAviwUwmi eni 958wU bZzb
evm mshvwRZ nqQ| ij gYvjq Avjv`v Kiv nqQ| KwgDUvi
ij Pvjy, 22 wKjvwgUvi bZzb ijc_ wbgvYmn ijc_i AvaywbKvqb PjQ| wbR^ A_vqb cv mZzi wbgvY cK evevqbvaxb
iqQ|

KevRvi mmvwiZ AvaywbK wegvbe`i wbgvY Kiv nQ|

evsjv`k wegvbi eni bZzb evwqs wegvb mshvRb Kiv nqQ|
l ivRavbx XvKv I PMvg gnvbMii hvbRU wbimb BZvga QvUeo emsLK Dovjc_ ev dvBIfvi wbgvY Kiv nqQ| XvKv gnvbMixZ gUvij wbgvY KvRi Dvab Kiv nqQ| kvnRvjvj
wegvbe`i _K KzZzeLvjx ch 26 wKjvwgUvi `xN GwjfUW
GcmIq wbgvYi KvR PjQ| AviI AbK dvBIfvi wbgvYvaxb
iqQ|
l nvwZiwSj cK evevqbi dj XvKv gnvbMixi GKwU Ask weki
18

miv knijvi gZv AvaywbK I `wb`b ic aviY KiQ| G

cK Ges bewbwgZ dvBIfvi bUIqvK XvKv-K wekgvbi AvaywbK bMi vcZi ghv`v `vb KiQ|
l wewfb wk wkkg wbwl Kiv nqQ| wk`i ^v, wkv, xov,
Zv`i cwZ elg I wbhvZb e Ki Avb`gq kke wbwZ
KiZ AvBwb eevmn mswk egyLx Kgm~wP MnY Kiv
nqQ|
l cwZex`i wekl Ki AwUwK wk-wKkvi`i KjvY AwURg
Uv MVbmn RvZxq I AvRvwZKfve wewfb Kgm~wP MnY Kiv
nqQ| cavbgx kL nvwmbvi ewMZ D`vM QvovI Zvi
wekl Kbv mvqgv IqvR` cyZzji D`vM RvZxq chvq Ges
RvwZmsNI AwURgi evcvi wek cwimi mPZbZv mw I
KjvYg~jK cve cvm nqQ|
l

kwgK-KgPvix`i KjvY mskvwaZ kgbxwZ evevqb Kiv nQ|

kwgK`i b~bZg gRywi `yB `dvq 1600 _K 5300 UvKv
cybwbaviYi dj 2010 mvji ci gRywi eoQ 3700 UvKv|
A^Qj gywhvv`i gvwmK fvZv 900 _K 3000 UvKvq ew
Kiv nqQ| Zv`i Rb Avevmb cK I gywhvv`i Rb
AvqeaK feb I evwYwRK Kgc wbgvY Kgm~wP evevqb Kiv
nQ| mvnivIqv`x D`vb gywhyi weRq i wbgvYKvR mb
nqQ| myL mgii 13wU vb wZ wbgvY Kiv nQ| gywhy
we`wk ez`i Ae`vbi ^xKwZ^ic KqK `dvq Zv`i wekl
mvbbv Rvbvbv nqQ|
Aeva Z_cevn I MYgvagi ^vaxbZv wbwZ Kiv nqQ| Z_
AwaKvi AvBb RbMYi Z_ Rvbvi myhvM wbwZ KiQ|
msev`cK wk wnme NvlYvi c`c bIqv nqQ|
emiKvwi LvZ AviI ek wKQz Uwjwfkb Pvbj I GdGg
iwWI-i AbygwZ `Iqv nqQ| vbxq wfwZ emsLK
KwgDwbwU iwWI Pvjy Kiv nqQ| mvsevw`K`i eZb-fvZv ewi
j Ag IqR evW MVb Kiv nqQ|
`ki wk-wKkvi hyeK I hye gwnjv`i 64wU Rjvq Ges 6wU
miKvwi KjR cwkY `Iqv nQ| cwZwU Rjvq Ges chvqg
DcRjvq wWqvg wbgvY I msvii Kgmw~ P evevqb Kiv nQ|
19

GB mgqKvj evsjv`k ek KqKwU AvRvwZK UzbvgUi

AvqvRK wnme mybvg ARb KiQ| wKU, fvivjb, Mjd
Ges nwKZ Gkxq I AvRvwZK chvq mvdj AwRZ nqQ|
egyLx mvswZK Kvhg evOvwj mswZi Amv`vwqK MYZvwK
HwZni gyavivK AviI mg KiQ| evsjv`k I fviZi
h_ D`vM iex`bv_i mvakZ RbevwlKx, bRiji we`vnx
KweZvi 90 eQi c~wZ Ges Kwei 113Zg Rbvrme cvwjZ nqQ|
RvZxq Rv`yNi gywhy mwKZ mevaywbK Mvjvwi wbgvY, evsjv
GKvWwgZ jLK Rv`yNi, evsjv GKvWwgi D`vM evsjv evKiY
cYqb, AvRvwZK gvZfvlv BbwwUDUi Kvhg Pvjy Ges z`
b-RvwZ Mvxi HwZn msiYi AvBb cYqb I Abvb eev
MnY Kiv nqQ| Dqvix eUki I wegcyi Aj cZZvwK
Lbbi gvag cvPxb bMi mfZv I e wenvi Avwevi Ges
`ki Abvb cZ GjvKvjvZ DrLbb AevnZ AvQ| cyivKxwZ
msiYi eev bIqv nqQ|
RvwZi wcZv eez kL gywReyi ingvbi wb`k 1974 mvj cYxZ
RvZxq cwZiv bxwZi AvjvK mk evwnbxi cybMVb, Dbqb Ges
AvaywbKvqbi Rb dvmm Mvj-2030 cYqb Kiv nqQ| Gi
AvIZvq mk evwnbxi mvsMVwbK KvVvgvZ cqvRbxq mshvRb,
cwieab Ges AvaywbKvqbi Kvhg AevnZ iqQ| mk evwnbxi
wewfb dgkb, BDwbU I cwZvb cwZvmn wZb evwnbxi Rbej,
YMZ gvb I `Zv ewi Rb DjLhvM c`c MnY Kiv
nqQ Ges fwelZI GB aviv AevnZ _vKe|
mbvevwnbxZ wmjU Aji cwZivi Rb bZzb GKwU c`vwZK
wWwfkb I GKwU KvwRU weMW cwZvmn e BDwbU cwZv Kiv
nqQ| mbvevwnbxi AvaywbKxKiY I mgikw ewi Rb bZzb
cRbi UvsK, mjd ccjW Mvb, AvaywbK UvsK weasmx A,
AZvaywbK nwjKvi, jvKwUs ivWvi mshvRb Kiv nqQ|
AvaywbK Gwcwm Ges Abvb AvgW hvbevnbi mg^q GKwU
gvKvbvBRW c`vwZK weMW cwZvmn AviI e Dbqbg~jK
Kvhg cwqvaxb iqQ| mbvevwnbxi mgikw I PjvPji
gZv ewi j AvaywbK A, Mvjvevi` Ges hvMvhvM
mivgvw` mshvRb AevnZ iqQ|

20

bevwnbxi kw I `Zv ew Ges AvaywbKvqbi Rb we`k _K

bZzb hy RvnvR msMn Kiv nqQ| G Qvov `ki BwZnvm
c_gevii gZv Avgv`i wbR^ wkcBqvW Zwi hy RvnvRI
mshvRb Kiv nqQ| AvIqvgx jxM miKvii mgq gwiUvBg
cUvj GqvivdU I nwjKvi mshvRb Kiv nqQ| mvegwib
mshvRbi gvag c~Yv wgvwK bevwnbx MVbi j MnY
Kiv nqQ cqvRbxq c`c| bevwnbxi mgZv ewi Rb bZzb
bfvj Kgv cwZv Kiv nqQ| cUzqvLvjxZ GKwU c~Yv b NuvwU
cwZvi Kvhg PjQ|
wegvb evwnbxi `Zv I mgZv ew Ges AvKvk cwZiv eev
Rvi`vi Kivi j wegvb evwnbxZ c_gevii gZv fwg _K
AvKvk wbchvM cYvmn mshvwRZ nqQ mevaywbK
mivg| AZvaywbK hy wegvb I nwjKvi mshvRb Ges hy
wegvbmn wewfb mivgi myz I mvkqx iYveYi Rb eez
AvivbwUKvj mUvi vcb AvIqvgx jxM miKvii GKwU
hyMvKvix wmv I mgqvchvMx c`c|

mk evwnbxi Dbqb I AvaywbKvqbi cvkvcvwk mk evwnbxi

m`m`i KjvYi Rb e c`c MnY Kiv nqQ| ikbi gvb
ew, wbR`i I cwievii m`m`i wPwKrmv eevi Dbqb Ges
mvb`i wkv eevi myhvM ewmn e KjvYg~jK c`c MnY
Kiv nqQ Ges fwelZI Zv AevnZ _vKe|
evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxM miKvii AbymZ ciivbxwZi Rb
AvRvwZK Ab evsjv`ki ghv`v ew I fveg~wZ Dj nqQ|
mgy`mxgv wbq wgqvbgvii m weivai kvwc~Y mgvavb hv mgy`
weRq wnme AvLvwqZ evsjv`k Zvi f-Li 75 kZvski mgvb
1 jvL 11 nvRvi 631 eMwKjvwgUvi mgy`mxgvq mvefgZ ARb
KiQ| fviZ, wgqvbgvi, bcvj, fzUvb, kxjsKvmn cwZekx
`kjvi m ezZg j
~ K mK my`p Ges w-cvwK I e-cvwK
mnhvwMZv mmvwiZ nqQ| fviZi m j mxgv wPwZKiY
I wQUgnj nvi msv Pzw ^vwiZ nqQ| fviZ, fzUvb I
bcvji mv_ Dc-AvwjK mnhvwMZvi wfwZ Rjwe`yr Drcv`b
I Awfb b`xi AeevwnKvwfwK h_ eevcbvi D`vM MnY Kiv
nqQ| wgqvbgvi _K ivwnv Abyc ek e Ges ivwnv`i ^`k
21

cZveZbi evcvi w-cvwK I AvRvwZK chvq wbiewQb

KUbwZK D`vM AevnZ AvQ| AvwjK, Dc-AvwjK I
AvRvwZK mnhvwMZvi K egyLxKiYi D`vMi Ask
wnme mvK, wegmUK, wW-8, Avwmqvb wiwRIbvj dvivg
(GAviGd), Gwkqv Kv-Acvikb WvqvjM (GwmwW), Gwkqv BDivc
wgwUs (Avmg)-mn iZc~Y mKj dvivg evsjv`ki mwq
AskMnY KiQ| fviZ gnvmvMi evsjv`ki ^v_ mgybZ ivLZ
Bwqvb Ikvb wig Gmvwmqkb (AvBIAviG)-G cvjb Kiv nQ
mwq fwgKv| evsjv`k, Pxb, fviZ I wgqvbgvii (wewmAvBGg)
A_bwZK KwiWvii wewfb D`vM evsjv`kI mvwgj iqQ|
m`m ivmg~n XvKvq wegmUK-Gi nW KvqvUvi vcbi wmv
MnY KiQ| gymwjg Dvn&i mv_ mnhvwMZv ew, Awfevmx I
cevmx`i ^v_ myiv Ges Rjevqy cwieZbi gZv iZc~Y welq
AvIqvgx jxM miKvi wekl AMvwaKvi w`qQ| Kvbv
wewQbZvev`x, Rwev`x I AvRv wZK mvmev`x kwK evsjv`ki
f-L eenvi KiZ bv `Iqvi bxwZ `wY Gkxq Aji kvw,
wbivcv I wwZkxjZv wbwZ KiQ|
RvwZmsNmn wewfb AvRv wZK dvivg cavbgx kL nvwmbvi bZ
Z evsjv`ki mwq fwgKv, Ae`vb I cve ckswmZ nqQ|
RvwZmsN cavbgx kL nvwmbvi kvw I mgwi gWj MnY
KiQ|
AfixY I AvRvwZK wewfb mvdj ARbi cwZ
evsjv`k I gvbbxq cavbgx GgwWwR AvIqvW-2010, Bw`iv Mvx
kvw cyivi-2010, mvD_ mvD_ AvIqvW-2011, BDbv
KvjPvivj WvBfvwmwU c`K-2012, GdGI wWcvgv AvIqvW-2013
Ges mvD_ mvD_ Kv-Acvikb AvIqvW-2013-Z fwlZ
nqQb|
weivax `ji AmnhvwMZv, asm I msNvZi ivRbxwZ
weGbwc-RvgvZ RvU 2008 mvji wbevPbi MYivq gb wbZ cviwb| c_g
_KB Zviv AmnhvwMZv, loh I msNvZi c_ MnY Ki| wewWAvi
we`vnK eenvi Ki mbvevwnbxK DmKvwb c`vb Ges MYZvwK cwqv
bmvZi Rb weGbwc bZZ RvgvZ Bmjvgxi m GKvZ nq GKvwaK e_
cPv MnY Ki| hyvcivax`i wePvi i nIqvi ci _KB weGbwc bZ
22

Z hyvcivax`i ivq gwiqv cPv bq| Zviv mviv`k nZv, MYnZv,

mv`vwqK mvm, agxq Dbv`bv mw, ndvRZ BmjvgK gvV bvgvbv,
gmwR` AwMmshvM, nvRvi nvRvi KviAvb kixd AwMmshvM Ges cywjk,
mbv m`m I wewRwe m`m`i nZvmn mvaviY bvMwiK`i cywoq gvivi
gZv bviKxq Zvei mw Ki| 71-Gi gZvB RvgvZ-wkweii NvZK
evwnbx weGbwcK wbq `kevmxi Ici Suvwcq co| eZb-fvZv myhvMmyweav wbjI gvMZ msm` eRb Ges msweavb mskvab m~Y AmnhvwMZv
Ki Zviv mviv`k Akvw I MvjhvM mwi AcPvq wj nq| wbevPbKvjxb miKvii ck mgSvZv cwZvi j Lvj`v wRqvK cavbgxi
Uwjdvb Ges msjvci AvgY cZvLvb ivRbwZK mgmvi kvwc~Y
mgvavbi c_ i Ki `q|
wbevPbKvjxb AveZx me`jxq miKvi mK cavbgxi cve cZvLvb
Ki weGbwc-RvgvZ RvU Dchycwi niZvji bvg GK AwwZkxj cwiwwZ
mwi loh wj iqQ| hyvcivax`i wePvi Ges RvgvZ Bmjvgxi wbeb
evwZji cwZ weGbwcB GLb RvgvZi fwgKvq AeZxY nqQ| Zviv
evsjv`ki ^vaxbZv, gywhyi PZbv, msweavbK hgb A^xKvi KiQ,
Zgwb MZ cuvP eQi AvIqvgx jxM miKvi Rbbx kL nvwmbvi bZZ h
Dbqbi aviv m~Pbv KiQ Zv evbPvji Rb mekw wbqvwRZ KiQ|
evsjv`kK Zviv mvmx I Rwev`x Zvjevwb iv cwiYZ KiZ Ges
gahyMxq AKvi hyM wdwiq wbZ PvBQ|
msweavb Abyhvqx GKwU Aeva kvwc~Y myz mvaviY wbevPb Abyvbi gvagB
G `ki gvbyl GB Ackwi me loh e_ Ki `e| evsjv`ki gvbyl
G `kK mvmx-Rwev`x `k cwiYZ nZ `e bv|
2008 mvji wbevPbi MYivq wbq 2009 mvji 6 Rvbyqvwi miKvi MVbi
ci MZ cuvP eQi eez-Kbv cavbgx kL nvwmbvi bZZ AvIqvgx jxM
miKvi kvw, MYZ, Dbqb I mgwi j h c_ iPbv KiQ, m c_B
evsjv`kK GwMq wbZ ne| 2008 mvji wbevPbx BkZnvi NvwlZ
icK evevqbi KvR Avgiv i KiwQ| AbK Iqv`v cyiY KiwQ| AbK
cK evevqbvaxb iqQ; AviI AbK DbqYg~jK cwiKbv MnY Kiv
nqQ| Gme cK evevwqZ nj 2021 mvji ga evsjv`k GKwU gag
Avqi `k cwiYZ ne| evsjv`kK zav, `vwi` I wbiiZvgy GKwU
mgkvjx `k icvwiZ Kivi j ARb evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxM `p
msKe| G KZe cvjbi gvagB Avgiv 2020 mvj RvwZi wcZv eez
23

kL gywReyi ingvbi RbkZ evwlKx Ges 2021 mvj ^vaxbZvi myeYRqx

Drme cvjb KiZ PvB|
Avgv`i `w 2021 mvj Qvwoq AviI mvgbi w`K, 2050 mvji w`K
cmvwiZ; hLb evsjv`k wekmfvq GKwU DbZ mymf `k wnme Avcb
gwngvq mgvmxb ne| AvjvKvj fwelZi mB ^c icvqYi jB
evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxM Zvi Gevii wbevPbx BkZnvi KiYxq-KZe,
AxKvi I Kgm~wP cYqb KiQ|

kvw MYZ Dbqb I mgwi RvZxq mb`

AZxZi cywfZ mgmv-msKU, loh I bvbv cwZKjZv gvKvwejv Ki 2009
mvj _K Rbbx kL nvwmbvi MwZkxj bZZ evsjv`k Dbqb I mgwi
gnvmoK DV GmQ| GB c_ aiB Avgv`i GwMq hZ ne| `kevmx
msNvZ bq kvw Pvq| Zviv AmvsweavwbK c_ ev ^ikvmb wdi hZ Pvq
bv| Zviv Pvq mwnz MYZi AvjvKvj Awfhvv AevnZ ivLZ| `kevmx
Pvq wwZkxj Dbqb Ges bZzb cRbi Rb GKwU wbivc`, KgPj, myLx my`i
mg evsjv`k| evsjv`ki 16 KvwU gvbyli Avkv-AvKvv icvqY mevcwi
RvwZi wcZv eezi ^ci mvbvi evsjv Mo Zvjvi cZq Avgiv RvZxq
mb` I GwMq hvQ evsjv`k Kgm~wP NvlYv KiwQ|

24

Avgv`i j I NvlYv
AvIqvgx jxMi Pov j nQ RbMYi Av_-mvgvwRK gyw Ges
zav I `vwi`gy
& DbZ-mg `k Mo Zvjv| G j 2009 _K
2013 mvj ch h Dbqb I AMMwZ mvwaZ nqQ Zvi
avivevwnKZv AevnZ ivLv ne| 2008-13 mgqKvj MnxZ hme
Dbqb Kgm~wP Ges cKi KvR Amgv ev evevqbvaxb iqQ,
wbavwiZ mgq mme Kgmw~ P I cKi KvR mb Kiv ne| hme
Dbqb Kgm~wP I cK cYxZ, Abygvw`Z Ges cqvRbxq A_
msvbi wmv nqQ AMvwaKvii wfwZ mjv evevqb
D`vM MnY Kiv ne|
Avgv`i cv_wgK j icK-2021 evevwqZ Kiv| G Rb cYxZ
nqQ cwZ cwiKbv 2010-21| Avgv`i eZgvb wbevPbx
BkZnvi 2014-Gi m GB cwZ cwiKbv cybg~jvqb Ges

mvgmc~Y Kiv ne| 2015 mvji ga eZgvb l cevwlK

cwiKbv evevqb Ges mg cevwlK cwiKbv cYqb Kiv ne|
cwZ cwiKbv I cevwlK cwiKbv evevwqZ nj 2021
mvji ga gv_vcwZ Mo Avq eZgvbi 1044 Wjvi _K eo
cvq 1500 Wjvi DbxZ ne| cew i nvi eZgvb 6.2 kZvsk _K
eo 10 kZvsk Ges `vwi` nvi eZgvb 26 kZvsk _K Kg ne
13.00 kZvsk| we`yr Drcv`b eZgvb 10 nvRvi gMvIqvU _K
eo `uvove 24 nvRvi gMvIqvU| wkvqbi dj wk RvZxq
Avqi wnmv 25 kZvsk _K eo 40 kZvsk Ges kgkw 15
_K 25 kZvsk DbxZ ne| Avgv`i Av j 2021 mvji
ga evsjv`kK cKZB GKwU gag Avqi `k DbxZ Kiv|

Avgv`i `xNgqvw` j 2050 mvji ga evsjv`kK weki

c_gmvwii DbZ `kjvi mgchvq DbxZ Kiv| G j Avgiv
GKwU `xNgqvw` Dbqb Kkji (Development Strategy)
iciLv cYqb Kie| icK-2021 evevqbi ci GB `xNgqvw`
j ARbi Dk KqK avc mywbw` cwZ cwiKbv Ges
cieZx cevwlK cwiKbvjv cYqb Kiv ne|
Avgv`i mKj KvRi Pov j gywhyi PZbvq GKwU kvwcY~
Ges wnsmv, nvbvnvwb, kvlY-ebv I elggy bvq I mgZvwfwK
Amv`vwqK MYZvwK mgvR I iv Mo Zvjv| AvRKi wkwKkvi, ZiY-ZiYx Ges AvMvgx cRbi Rb GKwU wbivc` I
DbZ-mg evsjv`ki wfw iPbvB Avgv`i GKgv eZ|

Avgv`i Gevii AMvwaKvi : mykvmb, MYZvqb I gZvi weK`vqb

1.1

kvw-wwZkxjZv : Rwev`, mvm I mv`vwqKZv `~i Ki iv I

mgvR Rxebi me kvw, kLjv I wwZkxjZv cwZv Kiv ne|
bvMwiK`i Rxebi wbivcv weavb, Zv`i KvRi I Pjvdivi
gwjK AwaKvi wbwZ Kiv ne|

1.2

msweavb I msm` : msweavb myiv, MYZ I MYZvwK

cwZvbjvK AviI my`p wfwi Ici mycw ZwZ Kiv ne| msm`K
KvhKi KiZ cqvRbxq eev bIqv ne|
25

msm`i fZi Ges evBi msm` m`m`i mvgwK I ewMZ

KgKvi Revew`wnZv, ^QZv Ges RbMYi KvQ `vqeZv wbwZ
Kivi Rb cqvRbxq AvBbvbyM wewa-weavb Kiv ne|
1.3 RvZxq HKgZ : MYZvwK cwqvK mgybZ Ges wbiewQb Dbqb
wbwZ Kivi gZv gwjK ck me ivRbwZK `j, kwY I ckvRxex
msMVb Ges wmwfj mgvRmn `jgZ wbwekl RvZxq HKgZ Mo
Zvjvi D`vM MnY Kiv ne|
1.4

hyvcivax`i wePvi : mv`vwqKZv-Rwev` : hyvcivax`i wePvi

mb Ges kvw KvhKi Kiv ne| hyvcivax`i wePvi evbPvj KiZ
wMq Av`vjbi bvg nZv, mvm, cwe KviAvb kixd
AwMmshvM, wk-KviLvbvq AwMmshvM, ijIqi wdk cU Dco
djv, moK KvUvmn iv I RbMYi m`i asm mvab, msLvjNy
m`vqi Ici nvgjv, Dcvmbvjq asm, AwMmshvM, jyUcvU I e
wbabi m RwoZ Acivax`i wePvi Kiv ne| wZM wk-KviLvbvmn A_bxwZi cybevmb, wZM`i mnvqZv c`vb Ges bvkKZvi
dj asmcv cybwbgvYi cqvRbxq eev MnY Kiv ne| mKj
bvMwiKi ^ ^ ag cvjbi AwaKvi wbwZ Kiv ne| ag, eY, bcwiPq, wj Ges mvgvwRK Aevb wbwekl, ivi PvL mKj
bvMwiKi mgvb AwaKvi I mgvb myhvM wbwZ Kiv ne|

1.5

wePvi wefvM I AvBbi kvmb : wePvi wefvMi ^vaxbZv I ghv`v msnZ

Kiv ne| mei RbMYi wePvi cvw mnRjf Ges gvgjvRU gy
Ki mve ^Zg mgq wePvi mb Kivi Rb MnxZ cqvRbxq
AvBwb msvimn wePvi wefvMi KggZv I `Zv ewi evevqbvaxb
eev fwelZI AevnZ _vKe| mevi Rb AvBbi mgvb cqvM,
AvBbi kvmb I gvbevwaKvi cwZv Kvhg Rvi`vi Kiv ne|
bvqcvj wbqvM I ^vaxb gvbevwaKvi KwgkbK AviI KvhKi
cwZvb cwiYZ Kiv ne|

1.6 wbevPb eev : BZvga GKwU wekvmhvM vqx wbevPb eev Mo

Zvjvi h m~Pbv nqQ Zv msnZ Ges k wfwi Ici cwZwZ Kiv
ne| wbevPb KwgkbK AviI kwkvjx, ` Ges ^vaxb mvsweavwbK
cwZvb wnme Mo Zvjv nqQ| fwelZ AviI kwkvjx Kiv
ne| hyMi cqvRb wbevPb eevi msvi AevnZ _vKe|
26

1.7

gZvi weK`vqb, vbxq miKvi I ckvmb : iv cwiPvjbvq Ges

RvZxq Dbqb KgKv RbMYi gZvqb I AwaKZi AskMnYi
j gZvi weK`xKiY Kiv ne| eZgvb K`xfZ ckvmwbK
KvVvgvi MYZvwK cybwebvmi gvag Rjv cwil`, DcRjv cwil`
Ges BDwbqb cwil`i KvQ AwaKZi gZv I `vwqZ AcY Kiv
ne| wkv, ^v, AvBb-kLjv, AeKvVvgv Dbqb, mvgvwRK
wbivcvmn wewfb Dbqb Kgmw~ P i webvmi gvag vbxq miKvii
nvZ b Kiv ne| mei vbxq miKvi eevK AwaKZi
gZvkvjx I `vwqZkxj Kivi j mgw^Z KgcwiKbv MnY Kiv
ne| iv I mgvR Rxebi me mykvmb cwZvi j ^QZv,
Revew`wnZv I `vqeZv ew Kiv ne| ckvmwbK msvi Ges miKvwi
KgKZv-KgPvix`i `Zv I myhvM-myweav evovbvi cwqv Pjgvb
_vKe| mei B-MfbK mmvwiZ Kiv ne|

1.8

`ybxwZ cwZiva : `ybxwZ cwZiva, AvBwb, ivRbwZK, mvgvwRK Ges

cvwZvwbK D`vM Rvi`vi Kiv ne| `ybxwZ `gb Kwgkbi gZv
I `Zv ew Ki cwZvbwUi KvhKvwiZv AviI evovbv ne| Nyl,
AbvcvwRZ Avq, Kvjv UvKv, Puv`vevwR, FYLjvwc, UvievwR I
cwkkw cwZiva Ges `ybxwZ-`ye
vqb wbg~ j KVvi eev MnY Kiv
ne| wbR`i m`, Avq-ivRMvi mK meii bvMwiK`i
Revew`wnZv wbwZ Kiv ne|

1.9

cywjk I AvBbkLjv evwnbx : RbMYi wbivcv, wk kvw, Dbqb

KgKv, cY cwienb I Avg`vwb-ivwbK wbweN Kiv Ges Puv`vevwRmvm KVvi n `gbi j AvBbkLjv evwnbxi mKj kvLvK
AwaKZi kwkvjx, ` Ges AvaywbK mvR-mivg mwZ Kiv nqQ|
fwelZ mgqi mv_ Zvj wgwjq AviI DbZ Kiv ne| cywjk I
Abvb AvBbkLjv evwnbxK `jxq cfvegy ivLv ne| AvBbkLjv
evwnbxi m`m`i Rxebhvvi gvbvbqb, cwievii m`m`i Avevmb,
wkv, wPwKrmvmn Abvb myhvM-myweav ewi aviv AevnZ ivLv ne|
cywjk ckvmbiI cwZmsgi D`vM bIqv ne|

Rxebhvvi gvbvbqb, `eg~j I mvgwK A_bxwZ

2.1

RbMYi Rxebhvvi gvMZ gvbvbqb, Zv`i Avq-ivRMvi ew

Ges Lv`mn wbZcqvRbxq `eg~j RbMYi qgZvi ga
27

wwZkxj ivLv ne| `kR Drcv`b ewi aviv AevnZ ivLv, Lv`
mswk fvMcYi chv Drcv`b I mieivn wbwZ Kiv ne|
evRvi eevi mvewYK cheY KivK mevwaK iZ `Iqv ne|
fvv AwaKviK cvwZvwbK ic `Iqv ne Ges fvv`i mnvqZvq eemvqx wmwKU gvKvwejv Kiv ne| evRvi Kwg msKU
mwi h Kvbv cPv KVvi n `gb Kiv ne|
2.2

Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb I cew wbwZ Kivi Dk mvgwK A_bxwZi

fvimvg `p Kiv ne| ckvmwbK `Zv ewi gvag ivR^ AvniY
ew Kiv ne| -Ki bxwZ ne eemvqeve| miKvii NvUwZ eq
cwiwgZ chvq ivLv ne| gy`vwewbgq bxwZ ne bgbxq| e`wkK
jb`b NvUwZ wbqY I fvimvg eRvq ivLv ne| mvgwK
A_bwZK fvimvg g~jxwZ wbqY ivLe| miKvwi m~ h Kvbv
msMn D`vM c~Y LiP Av`vqi ixwZ AbymiY Kiv ne Ges fZzwK
ne RbMYi K wbimb I wekl mev c`vbi j|

Avgv`i iZc~Y Av_-mvgvwRK Dbqb Kgm~wP

wkvqb
3.1 2021 mvji ga evsjv`kK GKwU gag Avqi `k cwiYZ
KiZ AbZg c~ekZ nQ wkvqb| Kgmsvb mw I wk-mfZvi
wfw iPbvi Rb `wk-we`wk Ges cevmx evOvwj wewbqvMKvix`i
wewbqvM AvK KivK mevP iZ `Iqv ne| G Rb fZ
AeKvVvgvMZ myhvM-myweav ew, ckvmwbK I AvgjvZvwK RwUjZv
I `xNm
~ Zv wbimbi j AvBb I wewa mnR Kiv, Iqvbc mvwfm
KvhKi Kiv, KVvi n `ybxwZ `gb, wewbqvMeve ivRbwZK I
mvgvwRK cwiek mw, AfixY evRvi mmviY, GKB m ivwb
cY egyLx Kiv Ges wewbqvMKvix`i hywmZ ivR^ I Avw_K
cYv`bv c`vb ne wkvqbi Kkj| G Rb cYxZ mgw^Z wkbxwZ
I Kkjc fwelZ AviI mgqvchvMx Kiv ne|
3.2 Lv` I Kwl cwqvRvZKiY, RvnvR wbgvY, nvv cKkj, Jla,
cvwK, Ljbv, Mnvwj mnvqK mvgMx, AvBwU, Pvgov I ivmvqwbK
wki gZv mvebvgq wk wPwZ Ki AvMnx I ` wk D`vv`i
-Ki I Avw_K (Fiscal/Financial) mnvqZv `Iqv ne| cvU
28

wki cybixeb I AvaywbKvqbi aviv eMevb Kiv ne| cvUi

Rbinm Avwevii cwicwZ cvUi weK eenvii h mvebv
mw nqQ, Zv KvR jvwMq bZzb wk vcbi Rb D`vv`i
DrmvwnZ Kiv ne| cvkvK I UUvBj wkK AviI kwkvjx,
wbivc` Ges cwZhvwMZv mg Kiv ne|
3.3 wekl A_bwZK GjvKv I wkvj vcbi cKjv `Z evevqb
Kiv ne| gd^j I cvwK GjvKvq Kwlwbfi Ges Abvb z` I
gvSvwi wkvj vcb Ges we`gvb BwcRWjvZ wkvqbi
myhvMi c~Y menvi DrmvwnZ Kiv ne| Kg DbZ GjvKvq
AeKvVvgv wbgvY Ges ivR^ I Avw_K mnvqZv c`vb iZ `Iqv
ne|
3.4 kgNb z`, gvSvwi I KzwUi wki weKvki Rb ^ my` FY I
cybtA_vqbi eev AevnZ _vKe| z` I gvSvwi wk bvix
D`vv`i Rb FYi wekl eev I Abvb mnvqZv AevnZ ivLv
Ges mmvwiZ Kiv ne| hviv -Ki I evsK FY wbqggvwdK
cwikva KiQb Ges cwiPvjbvq wekl `Zv `wLqQb Zv`i
AMvwaKvii wfwZ mnvqZv `Iqv ne|
3.5 HwZnevnx ZuvZ, Zvgv, Kvmv I grwkmn MvgxY wkK wekl mnvqZv
`Iqv ne| AfixY I e`wkK evwYRi weKvk, evRvi mmviY
I ivwb ew DrmvwnZ Kiv ne| Rbkw ivwb ew, cevmx`i
cwiZ iwgUvi jvfRbK I Drcv`bkxj wewbqvM, chUb wki
mmviYK meZvfve mnvqZv `Iqv ne| AfixY I ivwb
cYi wbweN cwienb I PjvPj wbwZ KiZ wekl c`c MnY
Kiv ne|
we`yr I Rvjvwb
4.1

we`yr I Rvjvwb LvZ AMMwZi aviv AevnZ I AviI `ZZi Kiv

ne| we`yr Drcv`b AvIqvgx jxM miKvi cYxZ Ges evevqbvaxb
ga I `xNgqvw` Kgmw~ Pi j ARbi fZi w`q AvMvgx cuvP eQi
evsjv`ki cwZ Ni we`yr mieivn wbwZ Kiv ne| 2016 mvj
bvMv` we`yr Drcv`b 16 nvRvi gMvIqvU DbxZ ne| 2021 mvj
we`yr Drcv`bi wbavwiZ jgvv wQj 20 nvRvi gMvIqvU; wK
29

wkvqb I geagvb we`yr Pvwn`v Ges Drcv`b ewi mgZvi

cwZ DwjwLZ jgvv 24 nvRvi gMvIqvU DbxZ Kiv nqQ|
ewaZ we`yr Pvwn`v c~iYi j AfixY Drcv`b evovbvi cvkvcvwk
cwZekx fviZ, fzUvb I bcvji m wcvwK, wcvwK I
AvwjK mnhvwMZvi gvag we`yr Drcv`b-ebi eev MnYi
cve evevqbi D`vM MnY Kiv ne| cwiKwZ 30 jvL miwe`yr
cvbj vcbi gvag miwe`yZi eenvi mnRjf I evcK Kiv
ne| ivgcvj we`yrK` I iccyi cvigvYweK we`yr K`i wbgvY
wbavwiZ mgqi ga mb ne| Kqjvm`i h_vh_ A_bwZK
eenvii j ne evsjv`ki we`yr I Rvjvwb mgmvi `xNgqvw`
mgvavbi wbfihvM eev Mo Zvjv| 1300 gMvIqvUi
KqjvwfwK we`yrK` wbgvYi BZvga MnxZ cK evevwqZ Kiv
ne Ges Gi Rb cqvRbxq Kqjv Avg`vwb Kiv ne| 2030 mvj
KqjvwfwK we`yr Drcv`bi wnmv ne cvq 50 kZvsk|
4.2

Mvmi hywmZ Dvjb I eenvi wbwZ Kiv ne| RvZxq cwZvb

evcK AviI kwkvjx Kivi bxwZ AevnZ _vKe| Mvm I Zj
Abymvb Ges Dvjb evci mgZv ewi j AviI wiM Ges
AvaywbK mvR-mivg I chwy msMn Kiv ne| bZzb Mvm I Zj
Avwevi AMvwaKvi `Iqv ne| evsjv`ki DcKj I Mfxi mgy`
Mvm Abymvb I Dvjb RvZxq ^v_ mgybZ iL Abvb `k I
cwZvbi m mnhvwMZvi cPv Rvi`vi Kiv ne| `ki Di
I cwgvji Aewk Rjvjvq Mvm mieivni D`vM AevnZ
_vKe| we`yr I Mvm eevcbvi `Zv ewi gvag AcPq nvmi
Pv AevnZ _vKe| Mvmi gRy` mxwgZ weavq BZvga we`k
_K GjGbwR Avg`vwbi h cwqv PjQ Zv mb Kiv ne Ges
GRb gnlLvwj xc GjGbwR Uvwgbvjmn cqvRbxq AeKvVvgv
wbgvY Kiv ne|
`vwi`i wei hy

5.1

30

`vwi` wbimb AvIqvgx jxM miKvii Mievj mvdji aviv

AevnZ _vKe| `vwi`i jv NywPq GKwU zavgy gvbweK mgvR
wbgvY RvwZmsNi mnmv jgvv (MDG) ARb evsjv`ki
mvdj AvRvwZKfve ^xKZ| AvIqvgx jxMi `vwi` wegvPb

Kkji j 2021 mvj bvMv` evsjv`k `vwi`i AbycvZ 15

kZvskiI wbP A_vr 13 kZvsk bvwgq Avbv| BZvga evwlK
`vwi` nvmi nvi wbavwiZ 1.7 _K 2.4 kZvsk DbxZ nqQ|
wbavwiZ nvi Qvwoq AwRZ nvi eRvq _vKj 2021 mvji AvMB,
A_vr AvMvgx cuvP eQiB `vwi`i AbycvZ 15 kZvsk bg Avme|
elg `yixKiY eZgvb AMMwZi aviv eRvq _vKe|
6.1 mvgvwRK wbivcv : `vwi` nvm MvgxY A_bxwZZ AwRZ MwZkxjZv
Ges nZ-`wi``i Rb UKmB wbivcv ewbi h eev Kiv nqQ,
Zv AviI Rvi`vi Kiv ne| RbMYi Lv` wbivcv, AwZ `wi` I
`y`i Rb webvg~j Lv` weZiY, KvRi wewbgq Lv` I U wiwjd
QvovI AvIqvgx jxM miKvii DvweZ GKwU evwo GKwU Lvgvi,
AvkvqY, Mnvqb, Av`k Mvg, Q Mvg, Ni div cfw Z Kgmw~ P djcm~
cgvwYZ nqQ| Gme Kgm~wP AevnZ _vKe| G Qvov eq fvZv,
`y gwnjv fvZv, weaev I ^vgx cwiZv`i fvZv AevnZ _vKe|
`wi``i Kgmsvbi Kgm~wP Mvg chvq ew Kiv ne| MvgxY
RbMvxK mq DrmvwnZ Kiv Ges mB mq MvgxY A_bxwZZ
eenvi Kivi j BZvga MnxZ wmv Abyhvqx GKwU cjx mq
evsK vcb Kiv ne|
`vwi`ceY GjvKvi Rb mvgvwRK wbivcv Kgm~wPi wekl eev
AevnZ _vKe| GKwU mvgvwRK wbivcv Kkji KvVvgvi AvIZvq
MnxZ Kgm~wPjvi ga mg^q mvab Kiv ne, hvZ Afx j
ARb AwaKZi djcm~ I `ZZi nq|
6.2 eZgvb AwfZvi wbwiL emiKvwi mKj cwZvb cbkb eev
cPjbi D`vM i ne 2018 mvj| Ges 2021 mvj mKji Rb
mvgvwRK wbivcv wbwZ Kivi j GKwU RvZxq cbkb eev
Pov Kiv ne|
Kgmsvb
7.1

AvIqvgx jxMi Kgmsvb bxwZi g~j j Drcv`bgyLx Kgmsvb mw

Ges `ki A` RbMvxK Avav` I ` RbkwZ icvwiZ
Kiv| G j ARb (K) gvbem` Dbqbi Rb ewg~jK I
KvwiMwi wkv eev Xj mvRvbv Ges wewfb cwZvbi ga mg^q
31

Rvi`vi Kiv ne| (L) MvgxY AeKvVvgv Dbqb I c~Z KvRK

MwZkxj Kivi gvag Kgmsvb mw Kiv ne| (M) gvSvwi I z` wk
LvZ DrmvwnZ Kiv ne| (N) cwkwZ hyeK, hye gwnjv`i mnR kZ
FY w`q AvZKgmsvbi eev Rvi`vi Kiv ne| (O) `yB eQii
Kgmsvbi j BZvga cPwjZ bvkbvj mvwfm Kgm~wPK
chvqg mKj Rjvq mmvwiZ Kiv ne| (P) Kgmsvbi Rb
we`k Rbkw ivwb ew Kiv ne| (Q) Kwl I mev LvZ
Kgmsvbi we`gvb myhvM AviI mmvwiZ Kiv ne Ges evcK
mvgvwRK Kgmsvb cfwZ c`c MnY I evevqb Kiv ne| GRb
gvbem` Dbqb, ew Ges ckv wkv I cwkYi eevK mgw^Z
I cmvwiZ Kiv ne| 2021 mvj bvMv` Kgg me eKvi I cQb
eKvi`i Rb Kgmsvbi eev Kiv|
7.2

8.1

32

A_bxwZZ AcvwZvwbK LvZi fwgKv iZc~Y| RvZxq Avq

AcvwZvwbK LvZi Ae`vb 30 kZvsk; 45 kZvsk kwgKi Kgmsvb
nq AcvwZvwbK LvZ| KzwUi wk, ZuvZ, wiKkv/fvb cfwZ
AcvwZvwbK LvZi weKvki Rb cqvRbxq cyuwR DcKiY I chyw
mieivn Ges kgkwi `Zv ewi myhvM mw Kiv ne| cQb
eKviZ I `vwi` nvmi j AcvwZvwbK LvZK AviI MwZkxj
I Drcv`bkxj Kiv ne Ges cvwZvwbK LvZi m mK MfxiZi
Kiv ne|
Kwl, Lv`, fwg I cjx Dbqb
RbMYi cyw Pvwn`v c~iY, Lv` AvZwbfikxjZv ARbi avivK
mymsnZ Kiv ne| geagvb RbmsLv weePbvq iL `kevmxi Lv`
wbivcv wbwZ Kiv, evsjv`kK Lv` DZv Kiv, Avc`Kvjxb
wbfihvM gRy` Mo Zvjvi cvkvcvwk ivwbKviK `k cwiYZ
KivB ne Kwl Dbqbi g~j j| GRb mvi, exR, mPmn Kwl
DcKiY fZzwK c`vb, iqvwZ my` cqvRbxq Kwl FY mieivn Ges
Drcv`K KlK chvq Kwl cYi bvhg~j cvwi avivevwnKZv AzY
ivLv ne| Kwl evsKi gvag eMvPvwl`i RvgvbZ Qvov Kwl FY
c`vb AevnZ _vKe| KvWi gvag Kwl DcKiY weZiY I fZzwK
c`vb Awbqg-`ybxwZgy h ^QZv I `Zv Mo DVQ Zv AevnZ
ivLv ne| mP myweav ew Ges f-Dci cvwb msiY I eenvi
evovbvi bxwZ AevnZ _vKe|

avb QvovI Mg, fzv, kvK-mewR, Zj exR, gmjv, dj-g~j cfwZ

dmj Ges dzj, jZv-cvZv-j Drcv`b ewP Avbv Ges mve me
LvZ AvZwbfikxjZv ARbi cqvm AviI Rvi`vi Kiv ne| fvR
Zj Drcv`b evwoq `ki Pvwn`v gUvbv ne|
gvQ, `ya, wWg, gyiwM, Mevw` c I jeYi evwYwRK Drcv`b ew Ges
`ki Pvwn`v wgwUq we`k ivwbi evcvi Drcv`K chvq ivR^
I Avw_K myweav `Iqv ne| KwlcYwfwK wk Mo ZvjvK
weklfve DrmvwnZ Kiv ne Ges cqvRbxq cYv`bv `Iqv ne|
wPwb Drcv`b ewi j GKw`K DPdjbkxj RvZi AvL Dveb
Ges GKicwZ djb ewi eev bIqv ne; Abw`K weU Pvl cmvi
Rvi `Iqv ne| wPwbKjjvi AvaywbKvqb, AcPq I `ybxwZ e
Ges wPwbKjmg~n Lv` cwqvRvZKiYi myhvM mw Ki msermi
Pvjy ivLvi gvag wPwbi Drcv`b eq nvm I jvfRbK Kiv ne|
Kwl MelYvK mevP iZ `Iqv ne| cvUi gZv AbvweZ
Abvb A_Kix dmji Rxebinm Avwevi Ges Liv, jeYvZv I
RjgMZv mwnz DP djbkxj RvZ Dvebi m~wPZ avivK AviI
eMevb Kiv ne| Rechyw I RbwUK Bwwbqvwisqi Dveb I
eenvi wekl iZ `Iqv ne|
8.2 Lv` wbivcv wbwZ Kiv Ges g~jxwZ wbqY I wwZkxjZv ivq
Lv` eevcbvi `Zv gvMZ evovbvi bxwZ AevnZ _vKe| Kej
cwigvYMZ bq, cwZwU gvbyli cywgvbmZ mylg Lv` cvcZv wbwZ
Kiv ne| Kwl Drcv`b hvZ g`vfve I wbirmvn `Lv bv `q, m
Rb bvhg~j wbwZKiYi Rb cYv`bvg~jK g~j Lv`km q
Ges chv gRy` Mo Zvjvi bxwZ-cwiKbv AevnZ _vKe|
8.3 Lv` fRvj I wZKi ivmvqwbK `e gkvbv ei Dk cYxZ
evsjv`k wbivc` Lv` AvBb-2013 evevqbi j wbivc` Lv`
KZc
cwZv Kiv ne| `kevmxi Rb fRvj I wZKi ivmvqwbK
`egy wbivc` Lv` wbwZ Kiv ne|
8.4 wkvqb, Avevmb I geagvb bMivqbi dj Avev`hvM fwg I
Rjvkqi cwigvY nvmi DMRbK nvi wbqY wevbmZ fwg
eevcbv bxwZ MnY Kiv ne| AvMvgx cuvP eQi `ki me Rwgi
iKW wWwRUvjvBRW Kivi KvR mb Kiv ne| Rwgi mevP
hywmZ eenvi Ges cvKwZK cwiek ivq `xNgqvw` KgcwiKbv
MnY Kiv ne| Lvm Rwg, Rjvkq Ges b`x I mgy` _K RM IVv
33

Rwg AMvwaKvii wfwZ fwgnxb I evwfUvnxb nZ-`wi``i ga

weZiY Kiv ne|
8.5 cjx Dbqbi j ne, Mvgvj KgmR
b, Mvgvj bvMwiK myhvMmyweavi wewZ mvab Ges Mvg _K kni Awfevmbi nvi Kwgq
Avbv| cwZwU BDwbqb m`iK cwiKwZ cjx Rbc` wnme Mo Zvjv
ne| Avevmb, wkv, Kwlwbfi wki cmvi, wPwKrmvmev, we`yr, Mvm,
cvbxq Rj I cqtwbvlYi eevi gvag DcRjv m`i I ewaz wk
K`jvK AvaywbK kni-Dckni wnme Mo Zvjv ne|
wkv I gvbe Dbqb
9.1 Avgv`i RvZxq Dbqb wkv I gvbe Dbqb cvjb Kie wbqvgK
fwgKv| wkv LvZ 2009-13 ce AbymZ bxwZ I mvdji
avivevwnKZv AzY ivLvK mevP iZ `Iqv ne| AMvwaKvii
wfwZ eZgvb wkvbxwZi c~Yv evevqb Ges wkv LvZ cqvRbxq
eiv ew Kiv ne|
9.2 cv_wgK wkvi i cg _K Ag kwYZ DbxZ Kiv ne Ges Ag
kwY ch wkvK AeZwbK I evaZvg~jK Kiv ne| bvix wkvK
DrmvwnZ Kivi j Dcew AevnZ _vKe| BZvga MwVZ
cavbgxi wkv mnvqZv Uv dv _K vZK ch ew c`vb Kvhg
i nqQ| GB Kvhg AviI mmvwiZ Kiv ne| fwZi nvi I
wkv_xi msLv ewi m mwZ iL webvg~j eB weZiY evovbv ne|
kZfvM mviZv ARbi j eq`i Rb MnxZ Dc-AvbyvwbK
wkv Kgmw~ P evevqb Kiv ne|
9.3 wkvi gvbvbqbK mevaywbK iZ `Iqv ne| G Rb cv_wgK _K
DP gvawgK ch Qv-wkKi AbycvZ nvm, cqvRbxq c` mw I
wkK wbqvM, wkK-cwkY, mKj chvq Z_chwy I gvwwgwWqvi
eenvi i Kiv nqQ| fwelZ mKj wkv cwZvb Gi eenvi
mmvwiZ Kiv ne| wkv cwZvbjvi AeKvVvgvMZ myhvM-myweav
AevnZfve evovbv ne| gvawgK I DP gvawgK ii wkK`i
c_K eZb j I vqx eZb Kwgkb MVb Kiv ne| cv_wgK I
gvawgK i Si cov iva AviI KvhKi c`c MnY Kiv ne|
9.4
34

gvbem` Dbqb Avgv`i AbZg AMvwaKvii welq| Avgv`i

RbmsLvq wk-wKkvii cvavb weePbvq G KvRwU AwZwi iZ

`vwe Ki| BZvga KwZcq Dbqb mnhvMxi m wgj Avgiv
gvbem` Dbqb GKwU mvweK Kkj MnY KiwQ| G Kkji
Ask wnme ewg~jK wkv I KvwiMwi wkvi wewfb
cwZvbi ga Ges ew gvwjKvbv LvZ I miKvwi D`vMi ga
mg^q I mnhvwMZv AviI my`p Kiv ne| wkvi welqe ev
KvwiKzjvgI Pvwn`v Abyhvqx evevbyM Kiv ne| ewg~jK I KvwiMwi
wkv Ges wewfb ckvq I chwy Z cwkYi myhvM Xj mvRvbvi
h KvR i nqQ Zv myPvifve mb Kiv Ges mviv`k Gi cPjb
wbwZ Kiv ne| G Qvov, cZK DcRjvq evevqbvaxb UKwbKvj
zj cwZvi Kvhg `Z mb Kiv ne| ewg~jK I KvwiMwi wkvi
cmvii j gvawgK I DP gvawgK we`vjq Ges gv`vmvq
fvKkbvj Uwbs Kvm ceZbi KgcwiKbv `Z evevqb I
mmvwiZ Kiv ne| cZK DcRjvq GKwU Ki gWj we`vjq
vcbi Kvhg evevqb Kiv ne| g~javivi m mwZ iL gv`vmv
wkvK hyMvchvMx Kivi j KwDUvi I Abvm Kvm Pvjymn
hme D`vM MnY Kiv nqQ Zv AevnZ _vKe|
9.5

DPwkvi cmvi Ges fwZ mgmvi mgvavbi j BZvga

chvqg cwZwU Rjvq GKwU Ki miKvwi I emiKvwi D`vM
wekwe`vjq cwZvi h Kvhg i nqQ, Zv AevnZ _vKe|
emiKvwi LvZ Dchy gvbmb wekwe`vjq vcbi AbygwZ c`vbi
bxwZ AevnZ _vKe| miKvwi I emiKvwi wekwe`vjqjvZ
evwbK MelYv I wevb PPv DrmvwnZ Kiv ne|

9.6 wkvb mvm, AcivRbxwZ, `jxqKiY I mkbRU `~i KiZ KVvi

eev MnY Kiv ne| cvewjK wekwe`vjqjvi ckvmwbK I
cwiPvjb eevK AwaKZi MYZvwK, ^Q I Revew`wng~jK Kivi
cvkvcvwk wkK`i `jv`wji KviY wkv Kvhg hvZ evnZ bv
nZ cvi m j mswk wekwe`vjq Aav`kjv cybg~j
vqb Ges
cqvRbxq mskvab Kiv ne|
zj I KjRi cwiPvjb eevKI `jxqKiYgy, AwaKZi
MYZvwK, vbxq RbMYi AskMnYg~jK, `vwqZkxj Ges ^Q I
Revew`wng~jK Kiv ne|

35

wevb I Z_chyw
10.1 Avgv`i `ki wecyj RbmsLv, cvKwZK m`i mxgveZv, `Z
bMivqb I wkvqbi cwZ Kwl Rwg I Rjvkqi hywmZ eenvi
I Drcv`bkxjZv ewmn cwZwU LvZ MelYv I DbqbK (AviGbwW)
mevP iZ `Iqv ne| DbZ I mg `k Movi j evwbK
MelYv, Avwewqv, chyw I gvbevbi DrKl mvab iv I miKvi
wekl AMvwaKvi c`vb Kie| evwbK MelYvi myhvM ewi
cvkvcvwk wevbx I MelK`i wekl ghv`v `vb, Zv`i PvKwii
eqmmxgv Ges miKvwi ccvlKZv I cYv`bv Ggb chvq Avbv ne
hvZ Zviv Aviva MelYv mvdji m kl KiZ cvib Ges bZzb
bZzb Avwevi AvZwbe`b KiZ cvib|
10.2 wevb I Z_chyw LvZi Acvi mvebvK KvR jvMvbvi Dk
MnxZ KgcwiKbv Ges c`cjv evevqb I nvjbvMv` Kiv ne|
gvawgK I cv_wgK i AvBwU wkvi cmvii j wkK cwkY,
jveiUwi cwZv, gvwwgwWqv eenvi Ges BUvibU mshvM
mmvwiZ Kivi Kgm~wP evevqb `ZZi Kiv ne| cv_wgK I
gvawgK i AvBwU wkv evaZvg~jK Kiv ne| DPwkvi I
KwDUvi wkvi evcK wevi Kiv ne|
mdUIqvi wki cmvi, AvBwU mvwfmi weKvk, `ki wewfb vb
nvBUK cvK, mdUIqvi UKbvjwR cvK, AvBwmwU BbKzeUi Ges
KwDUvi wfjR vcbi Kvhg i nqQ| evevqbvaxb Gme
Kvhg `Z mb Kiv ne| GKB m AvDU mvwms I mdUIqvi
ivwb mKj cKvii mnvqZv AevnZ _vKe|
10.3 `kRyo `ZMwZi BUvibU mev hgb w_-wR Pvjy nqQ| dviwR-I Pvjy Kiv ne| wWwRUvj evsjv`k Mo Zvjvi Kvhg AevnZ
_vKe Ges GKwU vbwfwK mgvR Mo Zvjv ne|
^v I cwievi KjvY
11.1 ^vbxwZ I KgcwiKbvmg~ni evevqb I mmviY AevnZ ivLv
ne| mevi Rb ^vmev wbwZ Kivi j 13 nvRvi KwgDwbwU
wKwbK Pvjy AvQ| KwgDwbwU wKwbK Ges BDwbqb ^vK` wk I
gvZgj Ges mvb cmei wbivc` myhvM-myweav mmviYi eev
Kiv ne| GRb cwZwU ^vK` cwkwZ bvm I gwnjv Wvvi
36

11.2

11.3

11.4

11.5

11.6

wbqvMK AMvwaKvi `Iqv ne| gvZgZz nvi 2015 mvji ga

GgwWwR jgvv cwZ nvRvi 143 Rb ARb Ges AviI Kgvbvi
Kgmw~ P mmviY I Rvi`vi Kiv ne| KwgDwbwU wKwbKjvZ evW
cmvi I WvqvewUm ivMx`i i cixvi eev Kiv ne| wk ^v
Dbqb I wkgZz nvi AviI Kwgq Avbvi cPv AevnZ _vKe|
2021 mvji ga Mo Avqyvj 72 eQi DbxZ Ges Rb nvi nvmi
j cRbb ^vmev mnRjf Ki RbmsLv wbqYi bxwZ KvhKi
Kiv ne| gvVchvq ^vKgx`i (Wvvi) DcwwZ wbwZ Kiv,
mevi gvb DbZ Ges Jlai cvcZv wbwZ Kivi j gwbUwis
eev DbZ Kiv ne| wekl wPwKrmvi eev chvqg Rjv _K
DcRjv ch weZ Kivi D`vM Zivw^Z Kiv ne| UwjgwWwmb
eev evcKfve mmvwiZ Kiv ne|
mKji Rb AvmwbKgy wbivc` mycq cvwb, cwZ evwoZ
mvwbUkb Ges wZKi ivmvqwbK I fRvjgy Lv` cvw wbwZ
Kivi eev Rvi`vi Kiv ne|
wPwKrmv wkvi mmviY I gvbvbqbi j cqvRbxq eev MnY
Kiv ne| miKvwi I emiKvwi gwWKj KjR nvmcvZvj I
gwWKj KjRi gvb wbwZ Kivi j wPwKrmv wekl I
wkvwe``i m Kiv ne| wPwKrmv I wPwKrmv wkv wbqYKvix
cwZvbi `Zv I KggZv evovbv ne| bvwms I gwWKj
UKbvjwR wkvi mmviY, `Zv ew Ges DPZi cwkYi
myhvM evovbv ne|
BDbvwb, Avqye` I nvwgIcvw_mn `kR wPwKrmv wkvi gvbvbqb
Ges flR Jlai gvb wbqY Dchy KvVvgv, cvwZvwbK I
chywMZ myhvM-myweav evovbv ne|
msvgK evwa cwZiva Ges DMRbK nvi geagvb WvqvewUm
I DP iPvc cfwZ AmsvgK evwai cKvc nvm I wPwKrmvi
myhvM mmviY cwiKwZ D`vM MnY Kiv ne|
cwZex KjvY AvIqvgx jxM miKvii MnxZ Kvhg AviI Rvi`vi
Kiv ne| AwUwK I Ab cwZex`i wkv, cyw, gvbwmK I
kvixwiK weKvk, Kgmsvb, Pjvdiv Ges Zv`i mvgvwRK ghv`v
cwZvq wevbmZ KgcwiKbv MnY I evevqb Kiv ne|

37

bvixi gZvqb I Rvi mgZv

12.1 bvix Dbqb bxwZ-2011 `pfve AbymiY I evevqb Kiv ne| iv I
mgvR Rxebi me Kej msLvMZ mvg cwZvB bq, wmv MnY
cwqv bvixi AwaKZi AskMnYi myhvM evovbv ne| ckvmb I Abvb
cwZvbi DPc` bvixi AwaK msLvq wbqvMi bxwZ AevnZ _vKe|
12.2 bvixi cwZ mwnsmZv, hb wbcxob I nqivwb, elg e Ges bvix I wk
cvPvi iva MnxZ AvBbi h_vh_ cqvM wbwZ Kiv ne|
12.3 bvixi Kgi ^vaxbZv, Kg Ges Pjvdivq wbivcv wbwZ Kiv ne|
bvixK Mne`x ivLvi Rb agi AcevLv Ges bvix-welx AccPvi e
mvgvwRK I ivRbwZK cwZivai cvkvcvwk KVvi AvBbvbyM eev MnY
Kiv ne|
bvix kgi ghv`v myiv Kiv ne| wk-evwYR I mev LvZ bvix
D`vv`i wekl cYv`bv, myhvM-myweav AevnZ I evovbv ne|
wk-wKkvi I ZiY cRb
13.1 wk-wKkvi`i cyw Pvwn`v c~iY Ges Zv`i kvixwiK I gvbwmK weKvki
j wkv, xov, webv`b I mRbkxj mvswZK KgKvi myhvM wbwZ
Kiv ne| RvwZmsN wk AwaKvi msiY mb` AbymiY Ges RvZxq
wkbxwZ nvjbvMv` Kiv ne| wk-wKkvi`i ga BwZnvm PZbv,
vbnv I wevbgbZv RvwMq ZzjZ Ges Zv`i Avb`gq kke
wbwZ KiZ egyLx c`c MnY Kiv ne| cvkvK wki gZv Abvb
wk Ges AmsMwVZ LvZI wkkg chvqg wbwl Kiv ne| wk
wbhvZb wekl Ki Kbv wk`i cwZ elg I mwnsmZv e Ges Zv`i
wbivcv wbwZ Kiv ne| wk`i ivRbwZK KgKv eenvi, Zv`i
bvkKZv I mwnsmZvi Xvj wnme eenvi KVvi nvZ `gb Kiv ne|
evsjv`ki RbmsLvi msLvMwi Ask eqm ZiY| evsjv`k cvYcvPzh fiv mRbkxj mvnmx ZiY-ZiYx`i `k| ZiY-ZiYx`i wkv,
Kgmsvb, Zv`i gav I cwZfv weKvki myhvM AevwiZ Kiv Ges RvZxq
bZZ MnY mg Ki Mo Zvjvi Rb AvIqvgx jxM mve mKj iKg
eev MnY Kie| AvIqvgx jxM bZzb cRbi ZiY-ZiYx`i nvZ
AvMvgx w`bi DbZ mg evsjv`k Movi `vwqZfvi b Kie|

38

hvMvhvM : moK, ijIq, wegvb I b-cwienb

14.1 `ki geagvb A_bwZK KgKv, cY cwienb Ges hvx
cwienbi Rb we`gvb moK I Rbc_ Achv nq coQ|
AMvwaKvii wfwZ we`gvb moKi givgZ, msiY, gvbvbqb,
mmviY Ges jb msLv evovbv ne| AMvwaKvii wfwZ (K)
BZvga i nIqv cv mZzi wbgvYKvR mb Kiv (L) PMvg
KYdzjx b`xi Zj`k Uvbj wbgvY (M) XvKv-PMvg I XvKv-gqgbwmsn gnvmoK Pvi jb wbgvY mgvKiY Ges (N) cUzqvLvjxZ `ki
ZZxq mgy`e`i cvqiv e`ii wbgvYKvR mb Kiv ne| G Qvov,
XvKv-gsjv Ges XvKv-UvvBj-eez mZz gnvmoK Pvi jb wbgvYi
cK `Z evevqb Kiv ne| `ki we`gvb moKc_jvi
ckKiY Ges `ki geagvb Pvwn`vi m mvgm iL bZzb
moKc_ wbgvY Kiv ne|
14.2 wZxq hgybv mZz I wZxq cv mZz wbgvYi KvwiMwi I Abvb cwZ
`Z mb Ki AvMvgx cuvP eQii ga G `ywU mZzi wbgvYKvR i
Kiv ne|
mvbvw`qvq Mfxi mgy`e`i wbgvYi cK MnY Ges evevqb Kiv
ne|
14.3 AwaKZi cwiekeve I mvkqx weePbvq evsjv`k ijIqK Xj
mvRvbv ne| ij LvZ ewaZ wewbqvM AevnZ _vKe| we`gvb
ijc_ Ges KvPi msvi, AvaywbKvqb Ges hvx I gvj cwienbi
gZv evovbv ne| Lyjbv-gsjv ij mshvM, bvivqYM-XvKv-MvRxcyi Ges XvKv-PMvg iU jvBb msLv evovbv ne| XvKv-gsjv ij
mshvM, PMvg-KevRvi Ges XvKv gnvbMixK wNi mvKzj
vi ijc_
wbgvY Kiv ne| evwYwRK mgZvi j `Zv I cqvRbxq Rbej
ew Kiv ne| ijIqK jvfRbK Kivi c`c MnY Kiv ne|
14.4 evsjv`k wegvbi hvx cwienbi mgZv ew Ges wegvbK jvKmvwb cwZvb _K jvfRbK Kivi h D`vM AvIqvgx jxM bZZv axb
AvIqvgx jxM miKvi MnY KiwQj, Zv AviI djcm~ I Rvi`vi
KiZ ne| BZvga 4wU evwqs msMn Kiv nqQ| cqvRb AviI
wegvb msMn, AcPq, A`Zv I `ybxwZ iva Ki wegvbi mgZv I
wbfihvMZv evwoq AvRvwZK cwZhvwMZvq wUK _vKvi mvg_
evovbv ne| 2014 mvj _K XvKv-wbDBqK dvBU Pvjy Kiv ne|
39

XvKv I KevRvi wegvbe`ii mmviY Kvhg `Z evevqb Kiv

ne| gsjv wegvbe`ii KvR bZzb Ki i Kiv ne|
XvKvi A`~i Avtgnv`kxq hvMvhvMi K` wnme cvweZ mevaywbK eez AvRvwZK wegvbe`i wbgvYi Pov vb wbaviY Ges
wbgvYKvR i Kiv ne|
14.5 b-cwienbi Rb iZc~Y b`xc_ Lbb I cybLbbi h wekvj
Kgh i nqQ, Zv AviI Rvi`vi Kiv ne| b`xgvZK
evsjv`ki gk fivU nq hvIqv b-c_jv cybivi I Lbbi
gvag bveZv ew, b PjvPji DchvMx Ki Zvjv ne| cavb
b`x I b-c_jvi bveZv ew QvovI fivU I cwiZ b-c_jv
WwRsqi gvag b`x cybixebi evevqbvaxb cKi KvR
AevnZ _vKe|
GRb cqvRbxq WRvi msMn Kiv nqQ| gsjv e`ii Rb wbR^
WRvi q Kiv nqQ| PMvg I gsjv e`i cY cwienb gZv
evovbv Ges b-Pvbjjv wbqwgZ WwRsqi gvag hfve bve
ivLv nQ, Zv AevnZ _vKe|
14.6 moK, ij I b-c_ `yNUbv iva KvhKi eev MnY Ges wbivc`
moK Mo Zvjvi MnxZ Kvhg AviI kwkvjx Kiv ne|
gv`Kvmw cwZiva
15.1 Avgv`i `k gv`Kvmw DMRbKfve eo PjQ| gv`Ki cavb
wkKvi ZiY mgvR| mvgwMKfve Avgv`i mgvR I ZviYi kwK
gv`K I bkvi nvZ _K ivi Rb cqvRbxq KvhKi eev MnY Kiv
ne| KVviZg nvZ gv`K eemv, gv`K PvivPvjvb Ges eenvi e
Kiv ne| Abvb bkv RvZxq `ei eenvi Ges ^vi Rb wZKi
NvwlZ ZvgvK I ZvgvK-RvZ wewo-wmMviU mebK wbirmvwnZ Kivi
j ZvgvKi Avev` I wewo-wmMviUi Drcv`b-evRviRvZKiY
wbqY KvhKi eev MnY Kiv ne| Ryqv I Abvb AmvgvwRK
KvhKjvc e mevZK cPv bIqv ne|
15.2 gv`Kvm`i wPwKrmvmevi myhvM ew, Zv`i cybevmb Ges ^vfvweK
Rxeb wdwiq Avbvi Rb miKvwi-emiKvwi cwZvb, GbwRI Ges
mvgvwRK D`vM Mo Zvjv ne| gv`K`e Drcv`b, cvPvi I PvivPvjvb
e cwZekx `kjvi m mwwjZ D`vM MnY Kiv ne|
40

Rjevqy cwieZb : cwiek I cvwbm`

16.1 wek Dvqbi dj Rjevqy cwieZbi KviY mePq wZM I
SzuwKc~Y `kjvi AbZg evsjv`k| Rjevqy cwieZbi dj m
msKU gvKvwejv Ges cwiek msiYi Rb AvIqvgx jxM miKvii
RvZxq, AvwjK I AvRvwZK D`vMmg~n AevnZ _vKe Ges
mmvwiZ ne| 2009 mvj miKvii MnxZ evsjv`k Rjevqy
cwieZb KgcwiKbv g~jvqb Ges nvjbvMv` Kiv ne| Rjevqy Uv
dv A_eiv AevnZ _vKe Ges AvRvwZK Drm nZ mnvqZv
ewi D`vM bIqv ne|
16.2 evsjv`k we`gvb eb msiY, bZzb eb mRb, RxeewP msiY
Ges DcKj I Pivj UKmB ebvqbi Kgm~wPK wekl iZ
`Iqv ne| Rjevqy cwieZb Ges evsjv`k cwieki AwaKZi
wechq iva Kivi Dk DwjwLZ c`c QvovI cvwbm` iv,
b`x Lbb, b`xi fvOb iva, ebv wbqY, jeYvZv iva I Liv
gvKvwejvq mgw^Z cwiKbv MnY Ges evevqbi cwqv Rvi`vi
Kiv ne| mP myweav mmviY, jeYvZv iva, my`iebmn
AeevwnKv Aj wgVv cvwbi cevn ew Ges we`yr Drcv`b ewi
j Mv eviR cK evevqbi D`vM MnY Kiv ne|
16.3 evqy I cvwb `~lY cwZiva wekl Ki wk-eR I gnvbMi I bMii
eR eevcbv AvaywbK I wevbmZ Kiv ne| BZvga MnxZ
chywMZ Ges AvBbMZ D`vMi h_vh_fve cqvM wbwZ Kiv
ne| k `~lY wbqY KvhKi eev bIqv ne|
kwgK I cevmx KjvY
17.1 msweavbi 15, 28, 38 I 40 AbyQ`i AvjvK Ges AvBGjI
Kbfbkb AbymiY kgbxwZ I kwgK KjvY egyLx c`c
evevqb AvIqvgx jxM `p msKe| RxebaviYi eq, g~jxwZ
Ges cewi nvii m mwZ iL kwgK`i b~bZg gRywi wbaviY
I cybwbaviY cwqv Pjgvb _vKe| G Rb gRywi Kwgkb Ges mswk
AvBbmg~ni fwgKv ew Kiv ne| kwgK-KgPvix`i UWwfwK
cwkY I kgi Drcv`bkxjZv ewi eevi cvkvcvwk Zv`i UW
BDwbqb AwaKvi wbwZ Kiv ne|
17.2 cvkvK wki b~bZg gRywi KvhKi Ges Kgcwiek I kwgK`i
41

wbivcv wbwZ Kiv ne| wki wbivcv I kvw cwZvK wekl

iZ `Iqv ne| mKj wk kwgK, nZ-`wi` Ges MvgxY Kwl kwgK
Ges cvwK RbMvxi Rb ikwbs c_v Pvjy Kiv ne|
17.3 cevm Kgmsvb Ges cevmx kgRxex`i cwiZ iwgUv Avgv`i
A_bxwZi i mvjK Dcv`vb| wewfb `k AviI ewk msLvq cwkwZ Kgx ciY Ges Zv`i kgj A_i AvqeaK Ges jvfRbK
wewbqvM wbwZKiY mwKZ bxwZ-cwiKbv cYqb I evevqb Kiv
ne|
m` cwZwZ cevmx KjvY evsK nZ bgbxq kZ I my` we`k
hvIqvi Rb Ges `k divi ci vqx Kgmsvbi Rb cqvRbxq
FY `Iqv ne| we`k Kgmsvb Ges cevm-Avq evovbvi Dk
Kgx`i KvwiMwi cwkYi Rb AviI AwaK msLK cwkY
BbwwUDU Mo Zvjv ne| BDivc, AvwdKv Ges Gwkqvi wewfb
`k kgkw ivwbi D`vM djcm~ Kivi j we`k AviI 23wU
kg DBs Lvjvi h Kvhg i nqQ, Zv `Z mb Kiv ne|
bMivqb : cwiKwZ Dbqb
18.1 2011 mvji jvK MYbv Abymvi evsjv`k kni emevmKvix
RbmsLv cvq 4 KvwU 20 jvL| bMivqbi gvv cvq 28 kZvsk|
bcvj ev` w`j `wY Gwkqvq evsjv`kB cwZeQi mevP 5 kZvsk
nvi knii RbmsLv evoQ| wK mB Zzjbvq bvMwiK myhvM-myweav
I fZ AeKvVvgv evoQ bv| AcwiKwZ bMivqb bvMwiK Rxeb
mw KiQ `ytmn mgmv I `yfvM| AvIqvgx jxM AvMvgxZ mviv`ki
Rb GKwU mgw^Z RvZxq bMivqb bxwZgvjv cYqb I evevqb Kie|
Mvg _K kni Awfevmb Kgvbvi j Mvgvj Kgmsvb Ges
bvMwiK myhvM-myweav ew Kiv ne| BDwbqb m`i, DcRjv m`i I
wkvjjvZ cwiKwZ Rbc` I MvgxY-kni Mo Zvjv ne|
AcwiKwZ bMivqbi dj Kwl Rwg I Rjvkq nvmi nvi Kgvbv
Ges fwgi mevbyKj eenvi wbwZ Kiv ne|
18.2 ivRavbx XvKvi Dbqbi Rb h gnvcwiKbv MnY Kiv nqQ,
`ZMwZZ Zvi evevqb wbwZ Kiv ne| XvKvi geagvb
RbmsLvi Pvc Kgvbvi j h 4wU Dckni ev mvUjvBU kni
wbgvYi evevqbvaxb cwiKbv `Z mb Kiv ne| XvKvi hvbRU
wbimb wbgvYvaxb dvBIfvi I GwjfUW GcmIqjvi
42

wbgvYKvR wbavwiZ mgq kl Kiv ne| cwiKwZ gUvij,

gbvij, mvKzjvi iji wbgvYKvR `Z GwMq bIqv ne| G Qvov
AviI QvU-eo Dovj mZz, Uvbj Ges GwjfUW GcmIq wbgvY
Kiv ne| geagvb bMivqbi fMvwjK mylg webvm wbwZ Kivi
j wefvMxq m`ii Rb h gnvcwiKbv MnY Kiv nqQ, Zv
evevqbi KvR `ZZi I weZ Kiv ne| Rjv m`imn cyibv
knijvi cwiKwZ Dbqb Ges bvMwiK myhvM-myweav ewi D`vM
bIqv ne|
18.3 cwiKwZ bMivqb I bvMwiK myhvM-myweav ewi Rb miKvwi I
emiKvwi wewbqvM ew Ges bMi ckvmbi weK`vqb Kiv ne|
MYgvag I Z_ AwaKvi
19.1 mKj cKvi MYgvagi ^vaxbZv msiY Ges Aeva-Z_cevn wbwZ
Kivi bxwZ AwePwjZfve AevnZ ivLv ne| RbMYi Z_ Rvbv Ges
miKvii mei ^QZv I Revew`wnZv wbwZ KiZ cYxZ Z_
AwaKvi AvBb Ges Z_ KwgkbK AwaKZi KvhKi I djcm~ Kivi
Rb RbmPZbZv mwi D`vM bIqv ne|
Z_chywi wecyj weKvki dj mvgvwRK MYgvag Ges AbjvBb
cwKvi fwgKv ew cqQ| AbjvBb cwKv Ges mvgvwRK
MYgvagi Aceenvi iva I `vwqZkxj fwgKv wbwZ KiZ
cqvRbxq bxwZgvjv cYqb Kiv ne|
msev`cK wk wnme NvlYv Ges cqvRbxq cYv`bv `Iqv ne|
cZ Aj AviI AwaK msLK KwgDwbwU iwWI-i jvBm `Iqv
ne|
19.2 mvsevw`K I msev`Kgx`i eZb-fvZv ewi j MwVZ Ag gRywi
evW evevwqZ Kiv ne| ckvMZ `vwqZ cvjbKvj mvsevw`K I
msev`Kgx`i wbivcv wbwZ Kiv ne|
RvZxq mswZ I agxq ^vaxbZv
20.1 evOvwj mswZi Amv`vwqK I MYZvwK HwZn msiY I weKvk
AvIqvgx jxM miKvii AbymZ
bxwZ I KgcwiKbv AevnZ _vKe|
evsjv fvlv mvwnZ, Pvi I KviKjv, msMxZ, hvv, bvUK, PjwP Ges
mRbkxj cKvkbvmn wki me kvLvi gvMZ DrKl mvab I PPvi
43

K cmvwiZ Kivi Rb ivxq ccvlKZv evovbv ne|

evsjv`ki HwZnevnx jvKmswZi msiY, cMwZkxj weKvk, PPv,
gjv, Drmemn cvwZvwbK D`vMmg~nK DrmvwnZ Kiv ne|
cZK DcRjvq gyg wbgvYi Kgm~wP AevnZ _vKe|
cZZvwK Abymvb, MelYv I DrLbbK DrmvwnZ Kiv ne|
cZm` I `ki BwZnvm-HwZn msiY Ges c`kbi Rb AviI
Rv`yNi wbgvY Kiv ne|
20.2 RbMYi agxq ^vaxbZv wbwZ Kiv ne| KviAvb I mybvn cwicx
Kvbv AvBb cYqb Kiv ne bv| mKj agi wkv I g~jevai
cwZ h_vh_ mvb c`kb Kiv ne| cwZ Rjv I DcRjvq GKwU
Ki DbZ gmwR` wbgvY Kiv ne| Abvb agxq cwZvbjv msvi
I DbZ Kiv ne|
20.3 h Kvbv g~j mv`vwqKZv I Rwev` wbg~j Kiv ne| mKj agi
kvwc~Y mnvevb, cviwiK mnhvwMZv I mxwZK `p Kivi Rb
mvgvwRK mPZbZv mwi cvkvcvwk AvBbMZ iv KePi eevK
AviI Rvi`vi Kiv ne| mv`vwqK ivRbxwZ I cPvi wbwl Kiv
ne Ges GKwU wevbgb D`vi gvbweK mgvR Mo Zvjv ne|
gywhyi Mie I gywhvvi KjvY
21.1 iv I mgvR Rxebi me gywhyi PZbv I Mie mgybZ
ivLv
ne| gywhyi BwZnvm weKwZ cwZiva Ges gywhyi wZ ivq
MnxZ Kgm~wP I evevqbvaxb cKjv mb Kiv ne| gywhyi
wZ weRwoZ cwZwU hy, eafwg, MYKei wPwZ I wZ
wbgvYi Pjgvb Kvhg AevnZ ivLv ne| gywhy I gywhvv`i
wZ weRwoZ vb/jvKvjq mvBU wgDwRqvg I cvVvMvi Mo Zvjv
ne|
21.2 RvwZi k mvb gywhvv`i ivxq ^xKwZ I ghv`v mgybZ ivLv,
A^Qj gywhvv`i fvZv, wPwKrmvmev, evaKKvjxb fiY-cvlY,
Zv`i mvb`i PvKwi I wkv cwZvb KvUv eev AevnZ _vKe|
msLvjNy, z` RvwZmv, AbybZ m`vq I cveZ PMvg
22.1 msm` c`k msweavb mskvabx cvm Ki AvIqvgx jxM 72-Gi msweavbi
Pvi ivxq g~jbxwZ cybtcwZwZ KiQ| mKj agi mgvb AwaKvi Ges
44

`ki z` RvwZmv, b-RvwZMvx I DcRvwZ`i AwaKvi I ghv`vi

mvsweavwbK ^xKwZ `Iqvi dj agxq I b-RvwZmvMZ msLvjNy`i cwZ
elgg~jK AvPiY, gvbevwaKvi jNbi Aemvb Ges Zv`i Rxeb, m`,
Dcvmbvjq, Rxebaviv I mswZi ^vZ ivi mvsweavwbK evaevaKZv
`pfve mgybZ _vKe| agxq I RvwZMZ msLvjNy`i Rwg, emZwfUv,
ebvj, Rjvfwg I Abvb m`i myiv Kiv ne| mgZji z` b-Mvxi
Rwg, Rjvavi I eb GjvKvq AwaKvi msiYi Rb wekl eev MnYmn
fwg Kwgkbi Kvhg AevnZ _vKe| AbMmi I AbybZ z` b-Mvx,
`wjZ I Pv-evMvb kwgK`i mvb`i wkv I PvKwi wekl KvUv
Ges myhvM-myweav AevnZ _vKe|
22.2 cveZ PMvg kvwPzwi Aewk AxKvi I avivmg~n evevwqZ Kiv
ne| cveZ Rjvjvi Dbqb Zivw^Z Kiv ne Ges wZb cveZ
Rjvi f-cvKwZK ewk AzY ivLv, ebvj, b`x-Rjvkq, cvwYm`
Ges wMwikjvi m`h msiY Ki Zvjv ne| GB wZb Rjvq
chUb wk, Lv` cwqvRvZKiYmn z` I gvSvwi wk Ges vbxq
HwZnevnx KzwUi wki weKvk wekl cK MnY Kiv ne|
cwZiv
23.1 evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxM mk evwnbxK mKj weZKi Ea ivLvi h bxwZ
wbqwQj, Zv AevnZ _vKe| `ki wbivcv, mvefgZ Ges ALZv
ivq mk evwnbxi cwZiv mvg_ ewi j 1974 mvj RvwZi wcZv
eez kL gywReyi ingvb cwZiv bxwZgvjv cYqb KiwQjb| ZviB
AvjvK AvIqvgx jxM miKvi h dvmm Mvj-2030 cYqb I evevqb
KiQ, Zv AevnZ _vKe| j, b I wegvb evwnbxK AviI kwkvjx,
AvaywbK, ` ARq evwnbx wnme Mo Zvjvi Rb cqvRbxq mvgwiK
mvR-mivg, hvbevnb msMn, wkv I cwkY AvaywbK Ges hyMvchvMx
Kiv nqQ| G mKj Kvhg AevnZ _vKe|
23.2 cwZiv evwnbxi AfixY ^kvmb, kLjv, ckvmwbK I eevcbvi
gZv mgybZ
ivLv ne| BZvga c`vbwZ, c`mg~ni kwYwebvm
DbZ Kiv nqQ| RZv, gav, `Zv I hvMZvi wfwZ wbqvM,
c`vqb I c`vbwZi bxwZgvjv KVvifve AbymiY wbwZ Kiv ne|
mk evwnbxi m`m`i wkv, wPwKrmv, Avevmb I AemiKvjxb
myhvM-myweavmn MnxZ egyLx KjvYg~jK Kgmw~ P evevqb AevnZ
_vKe|
45

23.3 RvwZmsN kvwix evwnbxZ AwaKZi AskMnYi myhvM mgybZ

ivLv
I ew Kivi D`vM AevnZ _vKe|
Ljvayjv I xov eevcbv
24.1 AvRvwZK Ab wKU, dzUej, nwK, fwjej, Mjd, fvivjb,
muvZvi, wRgbvwK cfwZ cwZhvwMZvq evsjv`ki cvi`wkZv Ges
gvbvbqbK mevP iZ `Iqv ne| G Rb xovwe``i cwkY,
kvixwiK I gvbwmK mgZv ew, eevcbvi Dbqb Ges Avw_K
cYv`bv evovbvi eev AevnZ _vKe| xov msMVb Ges RvZxq
xov eevcbv KZc
i ^QZv, Revew`wnZv evovZ ne| xovb
`jxqKiY, `ybxwZ I AeevcbvK ckq `Iqv ne bv|
24.2 cv_wgK we`vjq _K wekwe`vjq i ch cwZwU wkv cwZvb
Ges `ki ZYg~j chvq _K Rjv i ch wewfb xov I
mvgvwRK-mvswZK cwZvb Mo Zzj wk-wKkvi I ZiY-ZiYx`i
wewfb Ljvayjvq cvi`kx Ki ZzjZ ne| G Rb cqvRbxq gvV,
wWqvg cfw Z AeKvVvgv Mo Zvjvi cvkvcvwk chv xov mivg
I cwkK wbqvMi eev Kiv ne|
GbwRI I wewae wmwfj mvmvBwU msMVb
25.1 GbwRI eyivZ I Abvb miKvwi KZci KvQ _K wbewZ
cwZvbmg~ni AvBbvbyM KgKv Kvbv nc Kiv ne bv| cwZwU
cwZvb `ki cPwjZ AvBb I msweavbi m mwZc~Y wbR^ wewa
gvZveK ^kvwmZ msMVb wnme cwiPvwjZ ne| cwZwU cwZvbi
Avqi Drm Ges Avq-eqi ^QZv I Revew`wnZv wbwZ KiZ ne|
GbwRI Ges we`wk mvnvhcv wewae wmwfj mvmvBwU msMVbjv
`ki ivRbwZK cwqvq m nZ cvie bv|
ciivbxwZ
26.1 evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxM bZZvaxb miKvi gywhyi PZbvmg h
ciivbxwZ cybtwZ KiQ, eezi wb`wkZ mevi mv_ ezZ,
Kviv mv_ ewiZv bq GB bxwZwfwZ Zv AevnZ ivLv ne| GK
`k KZK Ab `ki AfixY evcvi nc bv Kiv I mvefg
mgZvi wfwZ Avtiv mK, cviwiK mnhvwMZv I Dbqb
Askx`vwiZK mmvwiZ Kiv Ges Zvi gvag RvZxq mgw I ghv`v
cwZvi j ARb nQ evsjv`ki ciivbxwZi Afx j|
46

26.2 fviZ, wgqvbgvi, bcvj, fzUvb, kxjsKvmn cwZekx `kjvi m

ezZg~jK mK my`pKiY Ges w-cvwK I e-cvwK mnhvwMZv
mmvwiZ Kiv nq| fviZi m Awfb b`xi cvwb eb, j mxgv
wPwZKiY I wQUgnj nvi msv Pzw evevqb Ges w-cvwK
evwYR I wbivcv mnhvwMZvmn mKj mnhvwMZv AevnZ
_vKe| fviZ, fzUvb I bcvji mv_ Dc-AvwjK mnhvwMZvi
wfwZ Rjwe`yr Drcv`b I Awfb b`xi AeevwnKvwfwK h_
eevcbvi D`vM AevnZ _vKe| wgqvbgvi _K ivwnv Abyc ek
e Ges ivwnv Dv`i Ges Aeafve evsjv`k AevbKvix
ivwnv`i ^`k cZveZbi welq w-cvwK, AvwjK I
AvRvwZK chvq ahkxj cPv AevnZ _vKe| evsjv`ki
mxgvK kvwi mxgv cwiYZ Kiv ne|
26.3 Avwmqvb wiwRIbvj dvivg (GAviGd), Gwkqv Kv-Acvikb WvqvjM
(GwmwW), Gwkqv BDivc wgwUs (Avmg)-mn iZc~Y mKj dvivg
evsjv`ki mwq AskMnY _vKe Ges mvK, wegmUK, wW-8 cf
wZ dvivgjvK AviI djcm~ Kivi D`vM bIqv ne| Bwqvb
Ikvb wig Gmvwmqkb (AvBIAviG)-G AviI KvhKi AskMnYi
gvag fviZ gnvmvMi evsjv`ki ^v_ mgybZ ivLv ne| wewmAvBGg (evsjv`k Pvqbv Bwqv wgqvbgvi) BKvbwgK KwiWvii
D`vMmg~n mwq AskMnY Kiv ne|
26.4 evcmvMii gnxmvcvb evsjv`ki AwaKvi cwZvi Rvi cPv
AevnZ _vKe| evcmvMi Avgv`i h bvqmZ AwaKvi
BZvga cwZwZ nqQ Ges fviZi mv_ gvgjvi wbwi gvag
h GjvKvq Avgv`i mvefg AwaKvi cwZwZ ne m mKj GjvKvq
mKj cKvi Re I LwbR mvgyw`K m` Ges grmm` msiY I
AvniYi j cqvRbxq chwy I ` Rbeji eev Kiv Ges GB
mgy` Aji wbivcv weavbi j MnxZ mKj D`vM AevnZ
_vKe|
26.5 evsjv`ki f-L Rwev`, AvRvwZK mvmev` Ges wewQbZvev`x
Kvbv kwK ckq `Iqv ne bv| mvm, Rwev` I wewQbZvev`
gvKvwejvq `wY Gkxq `kjvi cviwiK mnhvwMZv ew Ges
G mKj AvRvwZK mnhvwMZv AevnZ ivLv ne|
26.6 gymwjg Dvni msnwZ Ges Bmjvwg mnhvwMZv msvi (IAvBwm)
KvVvgvq mnhvwMZvi K AviI Rvi`vi I djcm~ Kiv ne|
47

mw` Avie I gacvPi `kmg~nmn gvjqwkqvq eZgvb

kgevRviK mymsnZ ivLv I mmviY Kivi cvkvcvwk bZzb kgevRvi
Abymvb I mmviYi D`vM AevnZ _vKe| G mKj Aj
evwYR mKK egyLx Ki Zvjvi cPv AevnZ _vKe|
B`vbwkqvmn `~icvP, Avwmqvbfz `kmg~n, Awjqvmn ckv
gnvmvMixq `k Ges AvwdKv I jvwZb AvgwiKvi `kjvi m
mnhvwMZvg~jK mKK AviI wbweo I egyLx Kivi KvR AevnZ
_vKe| BZvga Lvjv bZzb 10wU wgkbK mwq Kivi cvkvcvwk
AviI 9wU wgkb Lvjv ne|
26.7 gvwKb hyiv, hyivR, BDivcxq BDwbqb, Rvcvb, KvbvWv, ivwkqv,
Pxbmn DbZ I bZvbxq A_bxwZi `kjvi m ezZg~jK mK
AviI my`p Kiv ne| Gme `ki m evwYR, wewbqvM, AeKvVvgv
Dbqb, gvbem` Dbqbmn mve mKj mnhvwMZv AevnZ
ivLv ne|
26.8 evsjv`ki Awfevmx KgRxex`i Ges mKj cevmxi ^v_ myivq Ges
Zv`i bvh AwaKvi cwZvq KvhKi D`vM AevnZ _vKe|
26.9 Rjevqy cwieZb gvKvwejv, Lv` wbivcv Ges Rvjvwb wbivcvi
AvRvwZK mnhvwMZvi D`vM AevnZ _vKe|
26.10 RvwZmsN evsjv`ki mwq AskMnY AevnZ ivLv ne| RvwZmsN
Ges AvRvwZK A_bwZK cwZvbmg~nK Ges Zv`i wmv MnY
cwqvi MYZvqbi Rb Avgv`i KUbwZK D`vM AevnZ
_vKe| RvwZmsN MnxZ Rbbx kL nvwmbvi RbMYi gZvqb
gWjK RvwZmg~ni KvQ AviI Rbwcq I AbymiYxq Ki Zvjvi
Rb wekl KUbwZK D`vM MnY Kiv ne|

48

`kevmxi cwZ Avnvb

wcq `kevmx,
Avgiv Avgv`i K_v iLwQ| 2008 mvji wbevPb Avgiv hme AxKvi
KiwQjvg Zv cvjb KiwQ| msKU gvPb Ki `kK GwMq bIqvi h
Kgm~wP w`qwQjvg, AZ mZZv I wekZvi m Avgiv Zv evevwqZ
KiwQ| Kvbv Kvbv wbavwiZ jgvvi PqI AbK ewk mvdj
AwRZ nqQ| Avgiv Rvwb, Avgv`i `ki meii gvbyli AKz mg_b,
Zv`i AKv kg-Nvg, gav Ges `k MVb Avgv`i ZiY cRbi ^ZtZ
AskMnYi djB weMZ cuvP eQii mvdjjv ARb Kiv me nqQ|
AvZZvM I DrmM Qvov gnr wKQz ARb Kiv h me bq, Avcbviv ZvI cgvY
KiQb| Avgiv ZvB Avgv`i wcq `kevmx Avcbv`i Awfb`b RvbvB|
Awfb`b I fvwkm RvbvB Avgv`i Kmwnz, mvnmx Ges cvYcvPzh fiv
hyemgvRK| Avgiv AvR ` K ejZ cvwi, AZxZi AKvi NywPq
evsjv`k GLb AvjvKvj mg fwelZi c_ cv evwoqQ| Avgiv
mevB Avjvi c_hvx|
Avgiv 2021 mvji ga zavgy, `vwi`gy DbZ mg evsjv`k Mo
Zvjvi j Dbqb, AMMwZi h kvwc~Y cwiek I c_ iPbv KiwQ, m
c_ _K Kvbv Ackw Avgv`i wePzZ KiZ cvie bv| Avgiv icK2021 evevqbi j wZxq gqv`i mywbw` Kgm~wP RvZxq mb` 2014
Avcbv`i mvgb Dcvcb KiwQ| Avgv`i wekvm, Dbqb I AMMwZi
avivevwnKZv iv Ges `kK kvw, MYZ, Dbqb I mgwi c_ GwMq
wbZ evsjv`k AvIqvgx jxMK Avcbviv AviKevi `k mevi myhvM
`eb| `kevmx mwVK wmv wbj AvMvgx cuvP eQi evsjv`k Lv` D
ne, Lv` wbivcv wbwZ ne, Acywi Awfkvc `~i ne; `vwi`i jv NyP
hve, wbiiZv `~i ne, wkwZ ` gvbem` Mo DVe, wk-mfZvi
wfw iwPZ ne; cwZ Ni we`yr cuQe, eKviZi Aemvb I KvwU KvwU
ZiY-ZiYxi Kgmsvbi eev ne, mevi Rb ^vmev wbwZ ne,
eemv-evwYRi cmvi NUe; hvMvhvM eevi Avg~j cwieZb ne, cwiKwZ bMi-Rbc` Mo DVe, ivRavbx XvKv hvbRUgy wZjvgv bMixZ
cwiYZ ne Ges wWwRUvj evsjv`k mgwi mvcvb cv ivLe| ivRbxwZ
_K wnsmv, nvbvnvwb, msNvZi Aemvb ne, `ybxwZ, `yevqbi aviv _K
evsjv`k ewiq Avme| Mo DVe GKwU mwnz MYZvwK eev|
49

Avgiv AvMvgx cuvP eQii ga RvwZK Dcnvi `e Avgv`i wfkb bZzb

cwZ cwiKbv icK-2041| 2041 mvji evsjv`k ne gag Avqi
chvq cwiq GK kvwc~Y, mg, myLx Ges DbZ Rbc`| mykvmb, RbMYi
mgZv I gZvqb ne GB AMhvvi g~jg| Gi gaB mycw ZwZ I weKwkZ ne wZb iwewk vbxq miKvi eev| cwiKbv cYqb I A_vqbi
Kkj wbaviY Kiv ne K`xq I vbxq miKvii wg_wqvi gvag| Avi
Gi evevqbi `vwqZ cvjb Kie g~jZ vbxq miKvi| GRb ivxq gZvi
ne cwZmsg Ges vbxq ckvmb ne g~j wbevnx kw| bvixi gZvqb,
cvwK RbMvxi Rb wekl eev, wkvi cmvi Ges mv`vwqK mxwZ
ne GB AMhvvi wbqvgK Dcv`vb| miKvwi evRUi wmsnfvM evevwqZ
ne vbxq i, G `vwqZ cvjb Kie vbxq ckvmb| GK weK`vwqZ kvmb
eev ne evsjv`ki weklZ| GB weeZbi wbqZv `e MYZvwK
AvPiY, cigZmwnzZv, mgSvZv Ges GKwbfve RbKjvY wbe`b|
`kgvZKvi fwelr wbaviY Kie bZzb cRb cvY-cvPzhfiv mw myLi
Djvm UMeM evsjv`ki hyemgvR| Avgiv Zv`i nvZ Zzj w`wQ kvw,
MYZ, Dbqb I mg evsjv`ki c_ GwMq hvQ evsjv`k wkivbvgi
GB BkZnvi|
wcq `kevmx,
AZxZi gZv GeviI Avgiv Avcbv`i AKz mg_b PvB| Avcbv`i fvU
AviKevi `kmevi myhvM PvB| RvwZi wcZv eez Ges nK-fvmvbxmvnivIqv`xi cZxK, ^vaxbZv I gywi cZxK bKvq fvU w`b| Avmyb,
Avgiv wef` fzj mwwjZfve kvw Dbqb MYZ I mgwi c_ GwMq
hvB| nZv mvm nvbvnvwb msNvZ-icvZi wPi Aemvb NUvB| RvwZi wcZv
eezi ^ci mvbvievsjv Mo Zzwj| `k Movi GB msMvg RbMYi Rq
evsjv`ki Rq Awbevh| Avjvn Avgv`i mnvq nvb|
Rq evsjv| Rq eez| evsjv`k wPiRxex nvK|

28 wWm^i 2013

50