PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION EQUATIONS FOR PIPING AND PIPELINE

Ajay S. Satpute Sr. Process Engineer M. Tech. (Chemical) I.I.T., Madras, INDIA Ramboll Oil !as, "ATAR Introduction: This s#readshee$ is $he com#ila$ion o% #ress&re dro# calc&la$ion e'&a$ions %or #i#ing and #i#eline. The #&r#ose o% $his e(ercise is $o ha)e mos$ reliable e'&a$ions %or #ress&re dro# calc&la$ions a$ one #lace. *E++O, bo(es are %or in#&$ #arame$ers and -+.E bo(es are $he calc&la$ed )al&es.

PIPE SIZING
Single phase (Liquid

Single phase (!a"

Darcy - Weichbach equation (Ref. Crane handbook, 1986) Ha en!Wi""ia#$ equation Where% &a#inar 'urbu"ent & ( C d Haa"and equation (a))ro*i#ation of Co"ebrook White equation) Where% & . d +re$$ure dro) in +a Darcy friction factor +i)e "en,th in #eter &iquid /e"ocity in #0$ +i)e 3D in #eter Reyno"d7$ nu#ber Re"ati/e rou,hne$$ &iquid den$ity in k,0#1 &iquid /i$co$ity in +a.$ $%&'&($ )*)+$ 1-1.218 4.--5--6 118,469.--5--2 8-6.-45--2

/ 0

PIPELINE SIZING
Single phase (C#ude ,il 9er/ice )i)e"ine co#)any equation (Ref. 3+9-5-+R-22-, :arch 1996) (;or D< 1 84-) (;or D< = 84-)

(&a#inar, if <re# 1 -.114)

('urbu"ent)

Where%

+re$$ure dro) in k+a 0 1-- # &iquid f"o> rate in #10hr ?ine#atic /i$co$ity, #60$

668.9 62.1 1.--5--4

;riction factor +i)e 3D in ## :odified Reyno"d7$ nu#ber 9)ecific ,ra/ity of "iquid

-.--68 46.6 (<Re# A <Re 0 8826) -.8

<ote@ Darcy-Weichbach equation can a"$o be u$ed for "iquid$ in +3+5&3<5.

Single phase (!a"e#

;ro# Wiki)edia

!Wi""ia#$ equation +re$$ure dro) in #eter >ater co"u#n +i)e "en,th in #eter .o"u#etric f"o> rate in #10$ Rou,hne$$ coefficient +i)e 3D in #eter $4-.--489-4 1-4.--5--6

1996)

PIPE SIZING
Single phase (Gas ( $+/ Wey#outh equation B+3 125, 4th edition Where% D +1 +6 &7 9 E '1 Ca$ f"o> rate in ##$cfd +i)e 3D in inch D)$trea# )re$$ure in )$ia Do>n$trea# )re$$ure in )$ia +i)e "en,th in ft 9)ecific ,ra/ity of ,a$ at $tandard condition Co#)re$$ibi"ity factor Ca$ in"et te#)erature in oR 1.-82 Where% 6 1-9141 -.9961 44D +1 +6 9 E '1 5 Ca$ f"o> rate in ##$cfd +i)e 3D in inch D)$trea# )re$$ure in )$ia Do>n$trea# )re$$ure in )$ia +i)e "en,th in #i"e$ 9)ecific ,ra/ity of ,a$ at $tandard condition Co#)re$$ibi"ity factor Ca$ in"et te#)erature in oR 5fficiency factor% 1 for brand ne> )i)e -.94 for ,ood o)eratin, condition$ -.96 for a/era,e o)eratin, condition$ -.84 for unfa/orab"e o)eratin, condition$ Single phase (Gas (. $)/

<ote@ Wey#outh equation can be u$ed for )i)in, and )i)e"ine for 3D 1 16F.

<ote@ +anhand"e equation can be u$ed for )i)in, and )i)e"ine for 3D = 1-F.

PIPELINE SIZING
Single phase (Gas ( $+/ Wey#outh equation B+3 125, 4th edition Where% D +1 +6 &7 9 E '1 Ca$ f"o> rate in ##$cfd +i)e 3D in inch D)$trea# )re$$ure in )$ia Do>n$trea# )re$$ure in )$ia +i)e "en,th in ft 9)ecific ,ra/ity of ,a$ at $tandard condition Co#)re$$ibi"ity factor Ca$ in"et te#)erature in oR 1.-82 Where% 6 1-9141 -.9961 44D +1 +6 9 E '1 5 Ca$ f"o> rate in ##$cfd +i)e 3D in inch D)$trea# )re$$ure in )$ia Do>n$trea# )re$$ure in )$ia +i)e "en,th in #i"e$ 9)ecific ,ra/ity of ,a$ at $tandard condition Co#)re$$ibi"ity factor Ca$ in"et te#)erature in oR 5fficiency factor% 1 for brand ne> )i)e -.94 for ,ood o)eratin, condition$ -.96 for a/era,e o)eratin, condition$ -.84 for unfa/orab"e o)eratin, condition$ Single phase (Gas (. $)/

<ote@ Wey#outh equation can be u$ed for )i)in, and )i)e"ine for 3D 1 16F.

<ote@ +anhand"e equation can be u$ed for )i)in, and )i)e"ine for 3D = 1-F.

(Gas (. $)/ +anhand"e equation B+3 125, 4th edition 181.916 16 1-9-.-68484 1 -.9961 441

a$ at $tandard condition

eratin, condition$ o)eratin, condition$

)i)in, and )i)e"ine for 3D = 1-F.

(Gas (. $)/ +anhand"e equation B+3 125, 4th edition 181.916 16 1-9-.-68484 1 -.9961 441

a$ at $tandard condition

eratin, condition$ o)eratin, condition$

)i)in, and )i)e"ine for 3D = 1-F.

PIPE SIZING
Single phase (Gas (Nea# a"0,sphe#i1 ,pe#a"ing p#essu#e lines 9)it ,"a$$ equation B+3 125, 4th edition Where% Where% D 9 &7 Ca$ f"o> rate in ##$cfd +re$$ure dro) in inch of >ater co"u#n +i)e 3D in inch 9)ecific ,ra/ity of ,a$ at $tandard condition +i)e "en,th in ft -.-888 16 1 14D W &7 /7 +re$$ure dro) in )$i +i)e 3D in inch 9tea# #a$$ f"o> rate in "b0hr +i)e "en,th in ft 9tea# den$ity in "b0ft1 Single phase (S"ea0 Gabcock equation (;ro# internet)

<ote@ 9)it ,"a$$ equation can be u$ed for )i)in, and )i)e"ine for $in,"e )ha$e ,a$ at near at#o$)heric o)eratin, )re$$ure.

<ote@ Gabcock equation can be u$ed for )i)in, and )i)e"ine for $tea#.

PIPELINE SIZING
Single phase (Gas (Nea# a"0,sphe#i1 ,pe#a"ing p#essu#e lines 9)it ,"a$$ equation B+3 125, 4th edition Where% Where% D 9 &7 Ca$ f"o> rate in ##$cfd +re$$ure dro) in inch of >ater co"u#n +i)e 3D in inch 9)ecific ,ra/ity of ,a$ at $tandard condition +i)e "en,th in ft -.-888 16 1 14D W &7 /7 +re$$ure dro) in )$i +i)e 3D in inch 9tea# #a$$ f"o> rate in "b0hr +i)e "en,th in ft 9tea# den$ity in "b0ft1 Single phase (S"ea0 Gabcock equation

<ote@ 9)it ,"a$$ equation can be u$ed for )i)in, and )i)e"ine for $in,"e )ha$e ,a$ at near at#o$)heric o)eratin, )re$$ure.

<ote@ Gabcock equation can be u$ed for )i)in, and )i)e"ine for $tea#.

ea0 Gabcock equation (;ro# internet) 8.1 6 14-14-.126 Where% f W D C

T2, phase :odified Darcy equation B+3 125, 4th edition 5ro$iona" /e"ocity equation B+3 125, 4th edition +re$$ure dro) in )$i01-- ft 5ro$iona" /e"ocity in ft0$ :oody 0 Darcy friction factor :a$$ f"o> rate in "b0hr +i)e 3D in inch B/era,e #i*ture den$ity, "b0ft1 5#)irica" con$tant 1-- for continuou$ $er/ice 164 for non-continuou$ $er/ice -.164 118.-.-6 14--6 1 1--

)i)in, and )i)e"ine for

<ote@ :odified Darcy equation can be u$ed for )i)in, and )i)e"ine for t>o )ha$e f"uid.

G
T2, phase Gabcock equation 8.1 6 14-14-.126 Where% f W D C :odified Darcy equation B+3 125, 4th edition 5ro$iona" /e"ocity equation B+3 125, 4th edition +re$$ure dro) in )$i01-- ft 5ro$iona" /e"ocity in ft0$ :oody 0 Darcy friction factor :a$$ f"o> rate in "b0hr +i)e 3D in inch B/era,e #i*ture den$ity, "b0ft1 5#)irica" con$tant 1-- for continuou$ $er/ice 164 for non-continuou$ $er/ice -.164 118.-.-6 14--6 1 1--

ea0

)i)in, and )i)e"ine for

<ote@ :odified Darcy equation can be u$ed for )i)in, and )i)e"ine for t>o )ha$e f"uid.