D n Thy in Trung Sn

nh gi tc ng Mi trng v X hi b sung Thng 9/2009

nh gi Tc ng Mi trng v X hi B sung (SESIA)

D n Thu in Trung Sn

Lp bi:
Integrated Environments (2006) Ltd.

Lp cho: Ban qun l D n Thu in Trung Sn (TSHPMB)

Thng 9/2009

|Page

MC LC
1.1 Tng quan v D n v SESIA ...................................................................................... 34 Cc c im chnh ca D n ............................................................................... 34 Ti liu nh gi Tc ng Mi trng trc ................................................... 35 Tiu ch nh gi tc ng ...................................................................................... 35 Phn cp tc ng ................................................................................................... 36 Lut php Vit Nam ................................................................................................ 37 Cc tiu chuNn v Chnh sch v Mi trng c th ng dng .............................. 38 1.1.1 1.1.4 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.4 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

1.1.3 Cc c im chnh ca SESIA .................................................................................... 34 Phng php nh gi tc ng ..................................................................................... 35

Khung php l v quy nh ca D n ........................................................................... 37

Cc bo co v k hoch Mi trng v X hi trc y ............................................ 41 M T D N .................................................................................................................. 44 Tng quan D n ............................................................................................................ 44 V tr d n ..................................................................................................................... 44 Vng d n ..................................................................................................................... 45 Phm vi d n ................................................................................................................. 48 Cc hng mc ph tr .................................................................................................... 50 ng vo Co Luong n Co Me ........................................................................... 50 Cc tuyn ng khu vc thi cng ......................................................................... 51 Ln tri thi cng ...................................................................................................... 52 H thng cung cp nc ......................................................................................... 53 Vt liu xy dng .................................................................................................... 53 Vn chuyn thit b v Vt liu ti khu vc d n ................................................. 54

2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.5.4 2.5.5 2.5.6 2.6 2.7 2.8

Tin thi cng.............................................................................................................. 54 S dng nhn lc ............................................................................................................ 55 Vn hnh H cha .......................................................................................................... 55 Kim sot l ............................................................................................................ 55 Sn xut in nng .................................................................................................. 57

2.8.1 2.8.2 3. 3.1 3.2

PHN TCH CC PHNG N THAY TH............................................................. 59 Trng hp khng c d n ........................................................................................... 59 Cc phng n k thut khi c D n ............................................................................ 59

3.2.1 i hng Thi cng/ng dy in........................................................................... 59 3.2.2 La chn Mc nc dng bnh thng ........................................................................ 60 |Page 3

3.2.3 La chn Cng sut Lp my v Quy trnh Kim sot L ........................................... 60 4. 4.1 THNG TIN C S V MI TRNG ....................................................................... 62 Cht lng khng kh v Ting n ................................................................................. 62 Cht lng khng kh ............................................................................................. 62 Ting n .................................................................................................................. 62 N hit ................................................................................................................... 64 Lng ma .............................................................................................................. 64 Gi........................................................................................................................... 65 Nm ...................................................................................................................... 65 Bc hi .................................................................................................................... 66 M t chung ............................................................................................................ 66 Lu lng hng nm ............................................................................................... 66 Ma l ..................................................................................................................... 68 Vn chuyn bi lng ............................................................................................... 69 Cht lng nc...................................................................................................... 70 Cc tng ngm nc ............................................................................................... 73 a cht m ........................................................................................................ 73 Thch hc ................................................................................................................ 73 Kin to hc ............................................................................................................ 73 Cc m ............................................................................................................... 74 Thy vn a cht .................................................................................................... 74 t ........................................................................................................................... 75 Xi mn t............................................................................................................. 76 H thc vt .............................................................................................................. 77 H ng vt ............................................................................................................. 79 Cc loi c lit k ............................................................................................... 80 M t sng v mi trng nc .............................................................................. 80 a dng sinh hc di nc ................................................................................... 82 Cc loi ng vt di nc c lit k ............................................................... 83 |Page 4 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.3.4 4.3.5 4.3.6 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 4.4.7 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.3 4.6 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3

Kh hu ........................................................................................................................... 63

Thu vn ......................................................................................................................... 66

a cht v th nhng .................................................................................................. 73

Sinh thi hc trn cn ..................................................................................................... 77

Sinh thi hc di nc ................................................................................................. 80

4.6.4 4.6.5 4.6.6 4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2

Qun ng vt di nc khc ............................................................................... 83 Sinh sn v di c ..................................................................................................... 85 Sn lng nui trng thy sn ................................................................................ 85 Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun N ha ....................................................................... 88 a dng sinh hc ca Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun N ha ........................... 91 Khu bo tn Thin nhin P Hu.......................................................................... 96 a dng sinh hc ca Khu bo tn Thin nhin P Hu ................................... 97 a dng sinh hc ca Khu bo tn Thin nhin Hang Kia P C .............. 100 Tm tt .................................................................................................................. 104 Khu bo tn Thin nhin Hang Kia P C .......................................................... 99

Cc Khu bo v v a dng sinh hc............................................................................. 87 4.7.1.1 4.7.2.1

4.7.3 4.8 4.9 5. 5.1

4.7.3.1 4.8.1

Tm quan trng mang tnh khu vc ca Cc khu bo tn Thin nhin ....................... 103 Ti nguyn Kho c, Vn ho v Lch s .................................................................... 106 C S KINH T - X HI ............................................................................................ 108 Dn s ........................................................................................................................... 108 N hn khNu hc ...................................................................................................... 108 Cc x b nh hng bi D n ............................................................................ 109 Cc dn tc thiu s .............................................................................................. 111 Vn ha ................................................................................................................. 112 Gia nh v cu trc cng ng ............................................................................ 113 N h ca ................................................................................................................. 114 Gio dc ................................................................................................................ 114 Dch v y t v cng ng .................................................................................... 115 C s h tng ........................................................................................................ 117 Giao thng ..................................................................................................... 117 in ............................................................................................................... 118 N c .............................................................................................................. 118

5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 5.2.3 5.2.4 5.2.5 5.2.6

Cu trc cng ng v cc dch v .............................................................................. 112

5.2.6.1 5.2.6.2 5.2.6.3 5.3 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.4 5.4.1

Kinh t .......................................................................................................................... 118 Thu nhp ............................................................................................................... 118 Lao ng ............................................................................................................... 120 i ngho .............................................................................................................. 120 S dng t .......................................................................................................... 121 |Page 5

N ng sut rung t...................................................................................................... 121

5.4.2 5.4.3 5.4.4 6. 6.1

N ng nghip .......................................................................................................... 122 Lm nghip ........................................................................................................... 125 N ui trng thy sn............................................................................................... 126

NH GI TC NG MI TRNG V KINH T - X HI ............................ 126 Giai on thi cng ........................................................................................................ 127 Khng kh.............................................................................................................. 144 Ting n v chn ng .......................................................................................... 145 t ai ................................................................................................................... 146 6.1.1.1 Cht lng khng kh .......................................................................................... 144 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.1

6.1.3.1 To m vt liu tm v m .............................................................................. 146 6.1.3.2 Tho nc ng hm phc v thi cng ng hm ......................................... 146 6.1.3.3 Cc hot ng xy dng trong dng chy ........................................................... 147 6.1.3.4 Cc hot ng khc trong dng chy ................................................................... 147 6.1.3.5 H thc vt trong khu vc TSHPP....................................................................... 148 6.1.3.6 H ng vt trong khu vc TSHPP...................................................................... 149 6.1.4 Cc Khu bo v ..................................................................................................... 150 6.1.4.1 Khu bo tn thin nhin Xun N ha...................................................................... 150 6.1.4.2 Khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu ............................................................................ 151 6.1.4.3 Khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia - Pa C ......................................................... 152 6.1.5 Cc tc ng v x hi .......................................................................................... 153 6.1.5.1 Di di v ti nh c ca cc h gia nh: ........................................................... 153 6.1.5.2 Thay i v h thng gia nh, Cu trc cng ng v Thu nhp: ...................... 154 6.1.5.3 Mt mt/thay i cc khu vc vn ha quan trng: ............................................. 154 6.1.5.4 Tng n, bi v giao thng ............................................................................. 155 6.1.5.5 Thnh lp cc cng ng ti nh c ................................................................... 156 6.1.6 N hng Tc ng v kinh t ................................................................................... 156 6.1.6.1 S mt mt v rng v t sn xut, vic lm v thu nhp .................................. 156 6.1.6.2 Mt t rng dng lm k sinh nhai .................................................................... 157 6.1.7 Ln tri cng nhn ................................................................................................ 158 6.1.7.1 S mang n gn 4000 cng nhn xy dng ....................................................... 158 6.1.7.2 S phn cng hoc chuyn i lao ng trong cc h gia nh ........................... 159 6.1.7.3 Tng N hu cu v c s h tng v dch v do nh hng t hnh thnh hiu ng "Th trn bng n" ........................................................................................................... 160 6.1.7.4 Tc ng v Sc khe v Cht lng cuc sng ................................................. 160 |Page 6

6.1.7.6 Mt mt a dng sinh hc v Gia tng p lc ln cc Khu bo tn .................... 162 6.1.7.7 ng vo Co Lng - Co Me ............................................................................ 162 6.2 Giai on vn hnh ....................................................................................................... 163 Vn hnh N h my thy in................................................................................ 163 6.2.1.1 Ting n ............................................................................................................... 163 6.2.2 Giao thng ng b .................................................................................................. 170 6.2.3 N gn dng tch nc cho h cha .............................................................................. 170 6.2.3.1 Tng mc ca Rc ni .................................................................................... 170 6.2.3.2 Phn hu sinh khi thc vt ................................................................................. 171 6.2.3.3 Bi lng h cha ............................................................................................... 171 6.2.3.4 Thay i cc loi c hin ti ................................................................................ 172 Cc bin php gim nh ................................................................................................... 172 6.2.4 Vn hnh p v Pht in.................................................................................... 172 6.2.4.1 Gim mi trng dng chy v tc ng vng h lu......................................... 173 6.2.4.2 Li ch Kim sot l............................................................................................. 173 6.2.4.3 Gim s vn chuyn bn t xung H lu ......................................................... 174 6.2.4.4 Tc ng v cht lng nc h lu.................................................................... 174 6.2.4.5 S ph hy hoc mt mt tim Nn cc c vt c ngha v lch s / vn ha ..... 175 6.2.4.6 Cn tr giao thng ng sng ............................................................................ 175 6.2.4.7 S thay i lnh vc nui trng thu sn v ngh c ........................................... 176 6.2.4.8 Gim nh bt thu sn c gi tr kinh t ............................................................ 176 6.2.5 6.2.6 H tr N hn vin vn hnh ................................................................................... 176 Vn hnh ng Co Lng - Co Me .................................................................... 177 6.2.1

6.2.6.3 ng vo c ci thin .................................................................................... 177 8. TI LIU THAM KHO .................................................................................................. 194 9. PH LC ............................................................................................................................... 197

|Page

Danh sch cc bng biu

BNG 1-1: TIU CH NH GI TC NG 36 BNG 3-1: C IM V CC PHNG N TUYN NNG LNG V KT CU P 60 BNG 3-2: CC C IM CA PHNG N LA CHN 61 BNG 4-1: CHT LNG KHNG KH KHU VC D N 62 BNG 4-2: MC N TRONG VNG D N 63 BNG 4-3: DANH SCH CC TRM KH TNG V CC THNG S C GHI LI 64 BNG 4-4: NHIT TRUNG BNH HNG NM (0C) LU VC SNG M 64 BNG 4-5: LNG MA TRUNG BNH HNG NM (MM) LU VC SNG M 64 BNG 4-6: TC GI BNH QUN NM (M/S) LU VC SNG M 65 BNG 4-7: M BNH QUN NM (%) LU VC SNG M 66 BNG 4-8: BC HI BNH QUN NM (MM) LU VC SNG M 66 BNG 4-9: LU LNG HNG NM N V TR P TSHPP TRN SNG M 67 BNG 4-10: GIAO NG M UN BNH QUN CA LU LNG 1957-2006 N NHIU KHU VC TRN SNG M TIP GIP VI NH MY THU IN TRUNG SN 67 TABLE 4-11: C IM CA DNG CHY BNH QUN NM TI CC TRM THY VN 67 BNG 4-12: S PHN B DNG CHY TI TRM THU VN CM THU 67 BNG 4-13: NH L TNH TON (M3/S) TI TUYN P TSHPP 68 BNG 4-14: PHN B DNG CHY THEO MA NG VI TN SUT L THIT K 69 BNG 4-15: PHN B DNG CHY HNG THNG (M3/S) VO CC NM IN HNH C TH 69 BNG 4-16: TCH T BI LNG C TNH TI H CHA TRUNG SN 70 BNG 4-17: CC THNG S V CHT LNG NC 71 BNG 4-18: CHT LNG NC CA CC IM LY MU TI VNG D N 72 BNG 4-19: CC LOI T TRONG KHU VC H CHA 76 BNG 4-20: S LOI THC VT C XC NH TRONG CUC KHO ST 77 BNG 4-21: CC LOI C QUAN ST TRONG CUC KHO ST TI VNG D N 79 BNG 4-22: CC THUC TNH CA SNG M 82 BNG 4-23: MT THC VT PH DU CC TRM THU THP 84 BNG 4-24: HNH MU DI C V TRNG CC LU VC CA SNG M 85 BNG 4-25: SN LNG THY SN TNH THANH HA TNH THEO TN 86 BNG 4-26: C IM NI BT CA BA KHU BO TN THIN NHIN TRONG LU VC TSHPP 90 BNG 4-27: A DNG CA H THC VT TRONG KHU BO TN THIN NHIN XUN NHA 93 BNG 4-28: CC LOI THC VT B E DA TRONG KHU BO TN THIN NHIN XUN NHA 94 BNG 4-29: TNH A DNG CA H NG VT TRONG KHU BO TN THIN NHIN XUN NHA 94 BNG 4-30: CC LOI NG VT B E DO TRONG KHU BO TN THIN NHIN XUN NHA 95 BNG 4-31: A DNG SINH HC CA H THC VT TRONG KHU BO TN THIN NHIN P HU 98 BNG 4-32: CC LOI THC VT B E DA TI KHU BO TN THIN NHIN P HU 98 BNG 4-33: A DNG SINH HC CA H NG VT TRONG KHU BO TN THIN NHIN P HU 99 BNG 4-34: H NG VT B E DA TRONG KHU BO TN THIN NHIN P HU 99 BNG 4-35: A DNG SINH HC CA H THC VT TRONG KHU BTTN HANG KIA P C 102 BNG 4-36: CC LOI CY B E DA TRONG KHU BO TN THIN NHIN HANG KIA P C 102 BNG 4-37: A DNG SINH HC CA H NG VT KHU BO TN THIN NHIN HANG KIA P C 103 BNG 4-38: CC LOI NG VT B DE DA TRONG KHU BO TN THIN NHIN HANG KIA P C 103

|Page

BNG 4-39: A DNG SINH HC CA H THC VT TRONG CC KHU BTTN VNG TSHPP BNG 4-40: CC LOI C HU V B E DA TRONG H THC VT TI BA KHU BTTN BNG 4-41: TNH A DNG SINH HC CA H NG VT TI BA KHU BO TN THIN NHIN BNG 4-42: KT QU IU TRA A IM KHO C BNG 5-1: CC X TRONG VNG D N TSHP BNG 5-2: CC H GIA NH B NH HNG BI TSHPP

105 106 106 106 109 110

Danh sch cc bn
BN 4-1: CC V TR LY MU V VN G LU VC CHU TH SN G M 81

|Page

Danh sch hnh

Hnh 2-1: S d n TSHPP Hnh 2-2: Cc c im y h cha thy in Trung Sn Hnh 2-2: (Z(m)) Mi tng quan gia vic x nc (Q(m/s)) v mc nc h lu D n Thy in Trung Sn (Z(m)) Hnh 2-3: Biu iu tit Vn hnh H cha TSHPP Hnh 4-1: Lng ma bnh qun hng thng khu vc N h my thu in Trung Sn (mm) Hnh 4-3: Sn lng thy sn ca tnh Thanh Ha 50 56 57 58 65 86

Danh sch nh
nh 2-1: Tuyn ng hin c nh 2-2: Khu vc c thit k lm Ln Cng nhn Xy dng nh 4-1: Rng Thng xanh N hit i trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun N ha nh 4-2: Rng thng xanh nhit i th sinh trong Khu Bo tn Thin nhin P Hu nh 4-3: Rng rm Thng xanh N hit i trong Khu BTTN Hang Kia P C nh 4-4: Khu N h m Hui Pa nh 5-1: N h trong Vng TSHPP nh 5-2: Vi th cNm Sn phm th cng truyn thng ca ngi Thi (DRCC, 2008b) nh 5-3: Khing sn N ng 1 nh 5-4: Cuc hp cng ng (DRCC, 2008b) nh 5-5: N hng ngi nh c th cc bn lng TSHPP nh 5-6: Cc kim tim vt b nh 5-7: N hng con ng in hnh cc khu vc TSHPP nh 5-8: Lng trong khu vc TSHPP nh 5-9: Rng lung quanh Sng M nh 5-10: Cc sn dc b xi mn vng d n TSHP nh 5-11: Sn xut N ng nghip nh 5-12: Gia sc Khu vc TSHPP nh 5-13: Sn phm lung 51 53 92 97 101 107 111 112 113 114 115 117 118 119 122 122 123 125 126

| P a g e 10

Cc t vit tt
Vit tt B/C BP BOD5 CEC CLIP COD DO DONRE DPA DSF DWL EA EIA EMDP EMP EMPF EP EPC ERR ESF ESIA EVN FSL FLMEC GDP GHG HPP ICB IDA IEBR IRR IUCN MASL MODIS MOF Din gii Li nhun - Chi ph Th tc Ngn hng Nhu cu Oxy sinh hc Kh nng trao i Cation K hoch Ci thin Sinh k cng ng Nhu cu Oxy ho hc Oxy ho tan S Ti nguyn v Mi trng Khu bo v ca huyn Khun kh an ton p Mc nc cht nh gi Mi trng nh gi Tc ng mi trng K hoch Pht trin Dn tc thiu s K hoch Qun l Mi trng Khung Chnh sch Dn tc Thiu s K hoch Dn tc Thiu s Cam kt Bo v Mi trng T l hon vn kinh t Khun kh Bo v Mi trng nh gi Tc ng Mi trng v X hi in lc Vit Nam Mc cung cp y Rng phc hp vng sinh thi M kng h Tng sn phm quc ni Kh nh knh D n Thy in u thu cnh tranh quc t Hip hi Pht trin Quc t Vin sinh thi v ti nguyn sinh vt T l thu hi vn ni b Lin on bo tn thin nhin v ti nguyn thin nhin quc t Mt trn mc nc bin nh bc x quang ph phn gii trung bnh B Ti chnh

| P a g e 11

Vit tt MoIT MOL MONRE MOU MW NBCA NGO NOx NPA NPV NR OM OP PB PHAP PIB PMB PMP PPA PPC QCBS RCC RAP RE REDP RLDP ROW RP RPF SA SEA SESIA SOx SPPA TA TSHPP TSHPMB WWF

Din gii B Cng thng Mc hot ng thp nht B Ti nguyn v Mi trng Bin bn Ghi nh M-ga-ot Khu Bo tn Sinh hc Quc gia T chc Phi Chnh ph xt Nit Khu Bo tn Quc gia Gi tr hin ti rng Khu bo tn thin nhin Cm nang Hot ng Chnh sch hot ng Ngn hng Tham gia K hoch hnh ng y t cng cng T ri thng tin d n Ban Qun l D n Xc sut lng ma cc i Tho thun Mua bn in y ban Nhn dn tnh La chn da trn Cht lng v Gi c B tng m ln Ti ti tr cho Gi thu ng dng Nng lng Ti to D n Pht trin Nng lng Ti to K hoch Pht trin sinh k ti nh c Chiu rng chim t K hoch hnh ng Ti nh c Khu chnh sch Ti nh c nh gi X hi nh gi mi trng chin lc nh gi tc ng mi trng v x hi b sung xt sunphua Tho thun mua bn in chun H tr K thut D n Thu in Trung Sn Ban Qun l D n Thu in Trung Sn Qu ng vt hoang d th gii

| P a g e 12

Danh lc n v tnh
K hiu n v M t n v

%
0

phn trm C t bo trong mi lt (c s dng cho phn b dc v tp trung) -xi-ben gam

3

cells/l dBA g g/m ha kg/s km km/km2 km2 kV l/s/km2 m m/s m

3 3

gam trn cen-ti-met khi gi-ga-oat gi hec-ta ki lo gam trn giy ki lo met mt (v mng li sng sui) ki lo met vung ki lo vn lt/giy/ki lo met vung hay dng chy trn mi n v din tch mt mt trn giy mt khi mt khi mi ngy mt khi trn hec ta mt khi trn giy mt khi mi nm mili tng ng mi 100 gam milli gam trn mi mili lt mili mt lng coliorm cao nht c th trn 100 mili lt m ga ot hidr tim nng - pH
3

GWh

m /day m3/ha m3/s m3/year meq/100g mg/mL mm MPN/mL MW pH ton/m

mg/m3milligrams milli gam trn mt khi

tn trn mt khi | P a g e 13

K hiu n v

M t n v

USD V VND

la M vn ng Vit Nam

Cc thut ng
Thut ng nh ngha

| P a g e 14

Thut ng Phng n thay th

nh ngha Xem xt cc phng n thay th nhm pht trin d n trong nh gi tc ng mi trng (thi gian, a im, cng ngh, vv) bao gm c phng n khng c d n hoc khng c ty chn pht trin. M t hin trng l sinh v kinh t-x hi ca mi trng ti mt thi gian nht nh, trc khi xy dng mt d n c th no . Tt c cc loi thc vt v ng vt sng trong mt khu vc nht nh. Tnh a dng ca s sng trn Tri t. Lin quan n mi trng t nhin. Mt khu vc a l, ni lng nc ma t chy xung thnh mt khi nc thng nht. Cn c gi l: lu vc thot nc, lu vc, khu vc thot nc, lu vc sng, vng t thy v lu vc u ngun nhim. Gn gi ngun ti nguyn thin nhin s dng cho cc th h tng lai. Mt qu trnh giao tip vi nhng i tng c kh nng b nh hng bi mt d n, mt chnh sch, k hoch, hoc chng trnh. Nhng thay i i vi mi trng do mt hnh ng to nn kt hp vi cc hnh ng khc trong qu kh, hin ti v tng lai. Mt ngi (hoc h gia nh) s mt ngi nh ca mnh hoc ti sn khc c gi tr do TSHPP. Nhng c nhn s c yu cu ti nh c. Mt ngnh khoa hc nghin cu nhng mi quan h qua li ca cc sinh vt v mi trng ca chng. Mt tp hp nhm cng sinh v c mi lin h vi nhau ca cc

ng c s Sinh khi a dng sinh hc L sinh Din tch lu vc

Nhim bn Bo tn Tham vn

Tc ng cng dn Ngi (hoc nhng ngi) phi di di Sinh thi hc H sinh thi

vi sinh vt, nm, thc vt v ng vt

Loi nguy cp Mi trng Mt ng vt hoc thc vt c nguy c tuyt chng. S kt hp ca cc yu t c mi quan h qua li phc tp to nn hin trng, mi trng xung quanh v iu kin sng ca c nhn v x hi nh n ang tn ti hoc nh ngi ta cm thy.. Ch cung cp nc trong phm vi mt con sng, vng t ngp nc hay ven bin duy tr h sinh thi v cc li ch ca cc dch v sinh thi m chng cung cp, ni c cnh tranh s dng nc

Dng chy Mi trng

| P a g e 15

Thut ng

nh ngha chy v ni dng chy c iu tit. Mc tiu ca dng chy mi trng l cung cp mt ch dng chy p ng v mt s lng, cht lng v thi gian duy tr sc sng ca cc con sng v h sinh thi thy sinh khc.

nh gi tc ng mi trng K hoch qun l mi trng H ng vt H thc vt Nc ngm Mi trng sng Tc ng

Mt nh gi quan trng ca nhng tc ng c th gy ra cho omoi trng bi mt d n , bao gm vic a ra cc bin php gim nh v hnh ng qun l. Mt k hoch ton din thc hin cc bin php gim nh quy nh trong nh gi tc ng mi trng. Tng s qun th ng vt trong mt khu vc nht nh. Tng cc nhm thc vt trong mt khu vc nht nh. Nc tm thy bn di b mt tri t. L ni sinh sng ca mt thc vt hoc ng vt. Cc hu qu ca mt hnh ng hoc hot ng i vi con ngi hoc mi trng t nhin. Cc tc ng c th l tc ng tch cc, tiu cc hoc khng r rt. Mt phng php qun l m bo rng ton b dng sng, t u ngun ra bin, c gi khng b cn tr, cho php bo v c lin tc trn vn ca cc mi trng sng v cc tuyn di c . Mt kt qu, theo mt khi xy ra th khng th thay i hoc tr li trng thi trc y ca n. Mt vn hay mi quan tm v tc ng mi trng, hu qu hoc nh hng. Mt khu vc x l cht thi sau c che ph bng t. Loi hnh xy dng ng b bao gm tp hp n c c trng mt lp kt dnh. Kch thc hoc mc tc ng d on. Quy nh cc hnh ng thc hin ngn chn, trnh, gim bt hoc gim thiu cc tc ng, hay tc dng bt li tim nng, ca mt d n. Mt s kt hp ca s quan st v o lng nh gi hot ng mi trng v x hi ca mt d n v s tun th vi EIA /EMP, hoc cc iu kin khc c quy nh v ph duyt. Nhng vng t v nc ni m hu ht cc loi thc vt v cc loi ng vt bn a vn cn hin hu, v u c bo v hp

Sng nguyn vn

Khng th thay i Vn Bi chn lp ng dm Cng Gim thiu

Gim st

Mi trng sng t nhin

| P a g e 16

Thut ng

nh ngha php, chnh thc c xut bo v, hoc khng c bo v nhng c bit n vi gi tr bo tn cao.

Ti nguyn vn ha vt th Phng khm a khoa Ngi xut Khu bo tn

Cc ngun ti nguyn quan trng l thng tin khoa hc v lch s c gi tr, cc ti sn pht trin kinh t v x hi, v l cc b phn khng tch ri ca bn sc vn ha v sinh hot ca con ngi . Mt ni din ra mt lot cc dch v chm sc sc khe (bao gm c chn on v iu tr) c thc hin m khng cn phi li qua m. Ngi xut, ngi ng n xin d n. Mt khng gian a l c xc nh r rng, c cng nhn, dnh ring v c qun l, thng qua cc bin php hp php hoc nhng bin php c hiu qu khc, t c s bo tn lu di ca thin nhin vi cc dch v lin quan n h sinh thi v cc gi tr vn ha. Mt h nc nhn to c to nn tch v c s dng phc v ti tiu, kim sot l lt, iu tit dng chy hoc pht in. Nhng tc ng vn cn sau khi p dng cc bin php gim thiu. Kh nng xut hin ca mt tc ng bt li t d n. Lng nc trn mt t khng thm xung v cui cng xung cc con sng, h hoc cc vng nc khc. Mt b mi chnh sch ca Ngn hng th gii vi mc ch ngn nga v gim thiu tc hi qu mc cho con ngi v mi trng ca h trong qu trnh pht trin. Mt cng c nh gi, thm nh v u tin cc vn lin quan hoc cc mi quan tm pht sinh t mt d n.

H cha Tc ng tn d Ri ro Dng chy Chnh sch bo v

Gim st nh gi Sng lc

Qu trnh nh gi xem nhng d n no cn nh gi tc ng mi trng v nh gi n chng mc no..

H gia nh b nh hng bi TSHPP m hoc l b mt 10% hoc nhiu hn din tch t sn xut / ti sn ca h ; v / hoc phi di di v / hoc mt 10% hoc hn v thu nhp h gia nh. Tm quan trng tng i ca mt vn hoc ca mt tc ng i vi x hi. Mt hp phn ca EIA nh gi tc ng ca mt d n, mt chnh sch, k hoch hoc chng trnh v ngi dn v x hi. Nhng ngi c quan tm n kt qu ca mt d n, hoc mt

H gia nh b nh hng nng n Tm quan trng nh gi tc ng x hi Bn lin quan

| P a g e 17

Thut ng

nh ngha quyt nh c nh hng n h.

nh gi mi trng chin lc

Mt qu trnh c h thng nh gi cc hu qu mi trng ca chnh sch, k hoch hay cc sng kin chng trnh xut m bo rng chng c a vo mt cch y v c x l thch hpngay giai on sm nht ca vic ra quyt nh vi cc cn nhc v kinh t v x hi. Thut ng dng m t cc khu vc Ty Nguyn ti Vit Nam. Mt k hoch ca Qu ng vt Hoang d Th gii ci thin cng tc bo v v qun l cc qun th h ch cht v mi trng sng ca nhng cnh quan bo tn u tin hng u, bng nhng bin php ngoi nhng bin php c th c duy tr v h tr lu di bi Chnh ph, cc cng ng a phng v cc bn lin quan Mt php o tinh khit ca nc, hay nc ung. Ton b khu vc hoc vng ni m nc chy voh, sng, sui hoc mt vng c nc khc. Din tch t b ngp nc c tm quan trng a dng sinh hc cao.

Ty Nguyn K hoch hnh ng bo v H

Cht lng nc L u v c t ngp nc

| P a g e 18

Cc thng s k thut
V Thng s Al2O3 b Cs Cv E F Fe2O3 Hmax Hmin Htt L Lc M m m N NT* P Q Q0 Qp Qtb Ro Vd M t / ng dng Thng s xit Nhm B rng nh p H s khng i xng H s dng chy T l bi lng tch lu Din tch xit St III Ct nc ln nht (m) Ct nc nh nht (m) Ct nc thit k (m) Chiu di Knh x Chiu di nh p Dng chy trung bnh mi n v din tch Mi dc thng lu Mi dc h lu Cng sut S lng v kiu tuc bin Tn sut Lu lng dng chy ngy Lng x bnh qun nm n p (m3 / s) Lu lng x nh Lu lng x qua tuc bin (m3 / s) Th tch ph sa l lng (kg / s) Tng th tch bi lng tch t lng sng (m3/nm;)

| P a g e 19

V Thng s Vll W Wnl Wpl X axis Xo Y axis Z d ll

M t / ng dng Thng s Tng th tch ph sa l lng tch t (m3/nm;) Dung tch Dung tch ng vi NRWL Dung tch phng l hu ch Trc ngang Lng ma bnh qun nm Trc ng su H s Tng quan Trng lng ph sa di y (t/m3) Trng lng ph sa l lng (t/m3) Mc c bnh qun

| P a g e 20

Li cm n

nh gi tc ng Mi trng v x hi b sung (SESIA) ca d n Thy in Trung Sn c xy dng nhm gii quyt cc vn cn thit cho vic thm nh d n s dng ngun vn ca Ngn hng th gii, bao gm vic nh gi tc ng mi trng (EIA) v lp K hoch qun l mi trng (EMP) tun theo cc yu cu an ton ca Ngn hng Th gii. Bi ti liu ny c xy dng da trn bn tho EIA trc y do Cng ty T vn K thut in s 4 (PECC 2008a), Chi v Garcia-Lonzano (2009) lp. Tc gi by t lng bit n ti s ng gp tch cc ca cc ti liu trc y i vi vic bin son ti liu ny v nhiu thng tin trch dn trong ti liu ny c ngun gc t cc nghin cu trc . Ngoi ra, Ngn hng Th gii ngh thc hin mt s nghin cu c s b sung p ng d liu lin quan pht sinh trong qu trnh nh gi mi trng, c bit l trong cc lnh vc cht lng nc, thy vn, c v sinh thi di nc, ti nguyn vn ha vt th, cc khu bo v v a dng sinh hc, sc khe con ngi. Kt qu ca nhng nghin cu ny c tm tt trong SESIA v to thnh mt b phn quan trng trong nh gi tc ng v qun l mi trng. SESIA cng da trn ni dung cc bo co ng hnh ca cc K hoch Pht trin Sinh k Ti nh c (RLDP) v cc kt qu tham vn cng ng. Tc gi cm n cc nhn vin ca Ban Qun l D n Thu in Sn Trung (TSHPMB) v Ngn hng Th gii xem xt v c nhng ng gp quan trng nhm hon thin cc ti liu SESIA v EMP.

| P a g e 21

Tm tt bo co
Tng quan v d n
D n Thu in Trung Sn (TSHPP) l mt d n thy in c quy m trung bnh d kin l mt v d thc tin tt nht cho vic pht trin nghnh in lc ca Vit Nam. D n s c cng sut thit k 260 megawatt (MW), tng pht in hng nm l 1018.6 gigawatt gi (GWh) b sung cho in li quc gia. D n ny cng s cung cp cc li ch v kim sot l h lu, cung cp ngun nc b sung trong ma kh v c s dng nh l ngun nng lng thay th gim thiu hiu ng nh knh trn ton cu (GHG). Cc hp phn chnh ca D n thu in Trung Sn bao gm: Mt p cao l 84,5 m vi chiu di nh p l 513 m; H cha vi tng din tch h cha: 13,13 km2, tng dung tch l 348,5 triu m3, mc nc dng bnh thng (FSL) ti cao trnh 160m v mc nc cht l 150m. 20.4 km ng vo t Co Lng (Mai Chu, Ho Bnh) n Co Me (Trung Sn, tnh Thanh Ho); Mt s m vt liu tm; Ln tri cng nhn xy dng cho gn 4000 cng nhn; v Cc ng dy ti in.

Tng chi ph ca d n c tnh khong 386 triu la M (USD), trong 24.6 triu USD c phn b cho cc mc ch bi thng v ti nh c, hai triu USD pht trin sinh k v khong hai triu USD thc hin K hoch qun l mi trng. Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) yu cu tng cng 330 triu USD u t t Ngn hng Th gii. Vic xy dng d nh din ra trong nm nm v con p c d kin s hot ng vo nm 2015.

c im v mc ch ca SESIA
Mc ch ca vic nh gi tc ng mi trng v x hi b sung (SESIA) l d on cc nh hng l sinh v kinh t-x hi tim tng c th do TSHPP gy ra v ra cc bin php gim nh nhm m bo s pht trin bn vng ca d n. Bn SESIA ny gii quyt mt s vn cn thit cho vic thm nh ca Ngn hng th gii, bao gm vic nh gi tc ng mi trng (EIA) v xy dng K hoch qun l mi trng (EMP) tun th theo cc Th tc v Chnh sch hot ng OP/BP 4.01 ca Ngn hng Th gii; xc nh cc bin php gim nh nhm gim thiu tc ng trong giai on xy dng ca d n; cung cp mt bn tm tt kt qu tham kho kin cng chng tnh n nay; v cung cp cc mi lin kt vi K hoch Pht trin sinh k ti nh c (RLDP). Cc vn mi trng chnh ca d n lin quan n cc tc ng v cht lng nc, thu vn, sc khe, c v thu sn - v c hai pha thng lu v h lu ca con p; tc ng ca cc ln tri cng trng xy dng; tc ng ca cc hp phn ph tr cho d n bao gm c ng vo v cc m vt liu tm; v tc ng gin tip vo ngun ti nguyn thin nhin v a dng sinh hc ca khu vc, bao gm c cc khu bo tn thin nhin ln cn (Ngn hng Th gii, 2007).

| P a g e 22

Cc vn x hi chnh lin quan n d n bao gm: vic ti nh c do xy dng p; vic phc hi sinh k ca nhng ngi dn b nh hng bi d n v gim thiu tc ng trong giai on xy dng, khi mt khu ln tri 4.000 ngi s c xy dng ti mt khu vc dng nh cha b nh hng bi s pht trin c s h tng. c tnh c 1.691 h s b nh hng bi d n, phn ln trong s h l nhng ngi dn tc Thi hoc Mng. Trong s ny, c khong 486 h s b nh hng bi vic xy dng ng vo (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Nhng tc ng ny ca d n s c gii quyt thng qua vic thc hin RLDP gm ba phn: K hoch ti nh c (RP), K hoch ci thin sinh k cng ng (CLIP), v K hoch Pht trin dn tc thiu s (EMDP). Mt thnh phn quan trng ca qun l mi trng hiu qu l vic thc hin EMP, bao gm cc bin php gim st thi cng, theo di v thu thp d liu c s trong sut thi gian ca d n.

V tr a l ca D n
TSHPP nm trn sng M, cch khong 700 m v h ngun ni n hp lu vi sui Quanh, x Trung Sn, huyn Quan Ha, tnh Thanh Ho, Vit Nam (Bn 2-1 v Bn 2-2). Vng d n gn ba khu bo v: Khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha v P Hu v Hang Kia Pa Co (Ngn hng Th gii, 2007).

Phn tch cc gii php thay th

Mc ch chnh ca d n l gip p ng nhu cu in ang ngy cng pht trin ca Vit Nam. Nhu cu ph ti c d bo s tng trng t 15.000 MW vo khong gia cc nm 2015 v 2020. gip p ng nhu cu ny, Vit Nam ang c k hoch tng cng sut pht in bng pht trin thu in. V kinh t, khi chi ph gim nh cc tc ng x hi, gi tr ca rng b mt trong cc h cha, v lng pht thi kh nh knh t h cha c a vo tnh ton th chin lc pht trin thu in l hp l v TSHPP l mt trong nhng d n tt nht xt v gi thnh in v chi ph vn (Meier, 2009). a im hin ti ca TSHPP c la chn bi v n dng nh gy ra nhng tc ng v x hi v mi trng t nht trong khi p ng cc mc tiu ca d n ny vi mt tim nng cho doanh thu u t cao.

iu kin mi trng
Cc iu kin mi trng c bn trong vng d n c m t nh sau.

Cht lng khng kh v ting n

Thu thp cc mu khng kh trong vng d n v so snh vi cc tiu chun cht lng khng kh ca Vit Nam (Tiu chun Vit Nam 5937:2005) cho thy cht lng khng kh l trong gii hn cho php (PECC4, 2008a). Da trn cc cuc iu tra trc , mc ting n trong vng d n nm trong gii hn cho php so vi tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN 5949: 1998) (PECC4, 2008a).

Kh hu | P a g e 23

Kh hu Vit Nam thay i theo tng vng ca t nc do s khc bit v v v s chia ct r ca a hnh. Trong ma ng (hoc ma kh), ko di khong t Thng Mi Mt nThng t, thng c gi ma thi t pha ng Bc dc theo b bin Trung Quc v qua vnh Bc B mang theo ng k lng hi m. Do vy, vic ma ng hu ht cc vng ca Vit Nam c cho l kh ch khi so snh vi lng ma nhiu hn vo ma h.

Thy vn
Sng M di l 512 km, trong c 410 km nm trong phm vi lnh th Vit Nam (Duc, 2008a). T u ngun ca sng n im xut xy dng TSHPP, con sng ny chy trn 239 km vi dc trung bnh l 4,5%. TSHPP c thit k to ra mt h cha hon ton trong phm vi Vit Nam, din tch h cha khong 13,13 km2 ng vi mc nc dng bnh thng l 160 mt so vi mc nc bin (MASL). Sng M bt ngun t dy ni P Hui Long tnh Lai Chu. Lu vc ca n nm gia hai dy ni v c cao trung bnh l 760 m so vi mc nc bin. Sng M bt ngun cao 2.179 m v chy t pha ty bc v pha ng nam, qua Sn La, Sm Na (Cng ha dn ch nhn dn Lo) v cc tnh Ha Bnh, Thanh Ha. Din tch ca lu vc sng l 28.400 km2, trong 10.800 km2 hay 38% nm trn nc Lo. Sng M nhp vi sng Chu v ra bin Thi Bnh Dng thng qua cc ca Sung, Lch Trng v Cu Hi.

a l v th nhng
Sng M nm trn mt vng kin to a cht vo u k -vn thuc cui i c sinh. Khu vc ny c c trng bi cc trm tch c Proterozic, to nn mt np un lm nh rng ln, bao quanh bi mt s t gy v h hi cu trc a cht. Np li Thanh Ha c hnh thnh bi h tng ng Sn tin i c sinh v h tng i nguyn sinh Nm C. Ni chung, cc t gy trong khu vc ny l c xa, nhng vn n nh (PECC4, 2008) Nhn chung, thnh phn a cht ca thung lng sng l n nh vi mt xu hng xi mn thp v n nh i vi trt t. Cc kh nng v trt t nu c s l quy m nh v trong phm vi cc b (PECC4 2008a). C hai h t gy chnh trong khu vc d n: Sng M v Sn La. t gy Sng M di 390 km vi hng chung Ty Bc - ng Nam. t gy Sn La di khong 360 km, vi hng chung cng l Ty Bc - ng Nam. N bt u t Tun Gio (tnh Lai Chu) v chm dt vng ln cn huyn Nga Sn (Thanh Ha). Cho n nay khng c chuyn ng siu a chn no c ghi nhn trong vng d n. Khng c m khong sn c gi tr kinh t no trong khu vc d n. Tuy nhin, c mt s m c th khai thc lm vt liu xy dng. Trong ma ma, c mt lp nc ngm dy nh s pht trin tt ca a dng sinh hc trn mt t. Cc tng ngm nc ni chung khng cha c lu vi s thot nc nhanh chng do iu kin a hnh ca khu vc. S r r ca h cha s c hn ch bi tng k v thn p do s vng mt ca vi khu vc ny. Theo bn th nhng ca cc tnh Sn La, Ha Bnh v Thanh Ha th c ba loi t chnh da trn cao, trong bao gm: t vng thp, t vng ni trung bnh v t vng ni cao. C bn yu t chnh nh hng n xi mn t trong vng d n, bao gm: loi t, dc, lng ma v che ph t. Tng khi lng xi mn tim nng trong h cha l khong

| P a g e 24

1.108.250.451 tn/nm. Khi lng xi mn tim nng ca cc mn pha Bc v pha Nam tng ng l khong 561.087.027 tn/nm v 547.163.424 tn/nm. Mc xi mn ni chung l thp do s che ph ca cc din tch rng t nhin v rng trng rng ln.

Sinh thi trn cn

Theo cc iu tra c tin hnh trong vng d n, c 1.873 loi thc vt thuc 152 h trong khu vc TSHPP. Nhng loi ny c phn loi da trn tm quan trng v kinh t v thng mi ca chng (PATB, 2008), trong bao gm: lm g (319 loi), lm thuc (592 loi), lm thc phm (239 loi), ly nha v du bo (44 loi), ly tinh du v hng liu (15 loi), ly si (25 loi), thuc da v vt liu nhum (25 loi), v thc n cho gia sc (34 loi). Thm thc vt khp Vit Nam rt phong ph v s lng, tr nhng ni b khai thc qu mc. Thm thc vt trong khu vc TSHPP c cc loi rng hn giao, bao gm cc loi cy l rng, tre lung, thng v cc trng c. Kho st cho thy s a dng v h ng vt trong vng d n. Khu vc TSHPP cung cp mi trng sng cho mt s lng ln ng vt. Vit Nam l mt trong nhng trung tm a dng sinh hc cao nht trn th gii. Cc khu rng nhit i v cn nhit i khu vc d n c s a dng ln v loi. Rng t nhin trong khu vc TSHPP c khai thc mt cch ng k cho cc nhu cu ni a v hot ng thng mi. Trong cc iu tra bc u, PECC4 xc nh c mt s loi qu him c lit k trong Sch Vit Nam .

Sinh thi di nc
V tng th Vit Nam c s a dng phong ph v cc loi thy sn. Trong vng ln cn ca TSHPP, c 198 loi c thuc 141 chi, 57 h v 13 b c nh loi. Con s ny chim 19% tng s loi c trong phm vi c nc. Chn mi su phn trm cc loi c y c xut x a phng v bn phn trm c cn li l loi nhp ni. Tng cng, c 95 loi c nc ngt (48%) v 103 loi c nc l (52%). Sng M nhn chung c mc a dng sinh hc thp hn so vi cc sng khc Vit Nam do l ln. Chn trong 198 loi c y c lit k trong Sch Vit Nam. Tuy nhin, khng c loi c no c ghi trong sch Vit Nam y xut hin trong Danh sch ca IUCN 2006 v tt c chng u phn phi rng ri trong cc sng ca min Bc v Bc Trung B Vit Nam. Tng cng c 56 loi thc vt ph du c xc nh trong lu vc sng M. S lng sinh vt ph du khc nhau gia cc h sinh thi; mt thp nht sng trong cc h sinh thi nc chy (sng, sui) trong khi mt cao nht ph bin cc h sinh thi cn bng (ao, h). Ba mi hai loi ng vt ph du c xc nh bao gm: Cc loi b chn cho (B Copepoda), Cc loi b ru ngnh (B Cladocera), lun trng (B Rotatoria), gip xc Ostracoda v cn trng (B Insecta). Trong s ny, cc loi ru ngnh l phong ph nht trong khi gip xc Ostracoda v u trng cn trng l t ph bin nht. C 10 loi ng vt y, bao gm c c (Lp Gastropoda), hu (Lp Bivalvia), tm v cua (Lp Crustacea). c l loi ph bin nht trong cc loi ng vt y, vi by loi khc nhau c xc nh. Mi su loi cn trng thy sinh khc nhau thng xut hin cc khu vc sng ni. Cc loi ny bao gm: Ph du cnh, loi cnh p, loi cnh lng, chun chun (B chun chun), b

| P a g e 25

cnh na v b hai cnh. Cc loi ph du cnh v chun chun (B chun chun) to thnh s lng cc loi ln nht quy t cc con sui. Phn ln cc loi sng cc dng nc sch. Khng c loi ng vt ph du, thc vt ph du hay sinh vt y no trong khu vc nghin cu c xc nh c trong Sch Vit Nam (2000) hay Danh sch ca IUCN (Mach v Hi, 2004). C s di c d nhn thy ca cc loi c nc l vo vng pha trn ca lu vc sng M. Trong s 60 loi di c ngc dng, ch c 44 loi tip cn vng thp ca lu vc, 30 km t ca sng. Mi hai loi n c vng gia ca lu vc, xa hn 30 km t ca sng v cc loi cn li di c khong 100 km ln vng thng lu ca lu vc. C nhiu loi c c gi tr kinh t trong khu vc TSHPP. Trong s , ch c bn loi (Cyprinus carpio, Hemiculter leucisculus, Cranoglanis sinensis v Mastacembelus armatus) hin ang sinh sng trn ton b khu vc; 12 loi sng hn ch vng thng ngun lu vc; 17 loi sinh sng ch yu vng gia lu vc v 29 loi chim gi vng h lu ca lu vc sng (c 2008a). Ti nguyn thy sn hin ang ng trc p lc b khai thc nh bt, nhim v hy dit mi trng sng. D on mc a dng sinh hc ca cc h nc ngt, ca sng v cc loi hi sn ven bin s tip tc b suy gim. Hm lng cc cht dinh dng c kh nng tip tc tng trong cc khu vc h lu do nhim s thc y iu kin cho hin tng ph dng ha. Protein t c ng vai tr quan trng i vi ngi dn a phng; n i din cho 50-59% tng s m tiu th hng ngy. Bi v cc vng thp ca lu vc cho nng sut c cao nht nn y cng l vng tiu th protein mc cao nht. Nhiu yu t c nh hng n ngh c, v ng ngha vi nh hng ti thu nhp ca ng dn, bao gm: ph rng dc b sng, khai thc ct, si xy dng v nhim ngun nc.

Cc khu bo v v a dng sinh hc

TSHPP nm vng chuyn tip gia vng sinh thi Di Trng Sn v Bc Ty Nguyn. Vng sinh thi Trng Sn l mt trong s 200 khu vc sinh thi c trng theo WWF bi cc gi tr a dng sinh hc v l im nng v bo tn a dng sinh hc trn ton cu (Baltzer et al 2001;. Tordoff et al. 2003). C ba khu bo tn thin nhin (NR) nm trong khu vc TSHPP: Khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu (tnh Thanh Ha), Khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha (tnh Sn La) v Khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia - Pa Co (tnh Ha Bnh). Nhng khu rng ca ba Khu bo tn ny l c trng ca cc khu rng nhit i thng xanh vi cc gi tr a dng sinh hc cao (PECC4, 2008a). Nghin cu s b xc nh c chn loi thm thc vt trong cc khu bo tn thin nhin ny. a dng sinh hc y bao gm 936 loi thc vt c mch, 79 loi ng vt c v, 258 loi chim v 30 loi ng vt lng c. Tng cng c 216 loi c coi l loi c nguy c theo NICS; 41 loi thc vt v 33 loi ng vt c coi l nguy cp quc t; 93 loi thc vt v nm loi ng vt c xc nh trong cc khu bo tn thin nhin ny l loi c hu ca Vit Nam (PATB, 2008).

| P a g e 26

Ti nguyn vn ha, lch s v kho c hc

iu tra kho c c tin hnh xc nh v nghin cu cc khu vc tim nng c cha cc di tch v c vt. Tt c cc khu vc c vt v cc im vn ha c pht hin cao trung bnh v thy mt s hnh thc gip cung cp nc quanh nm. iu tra tm thy 11 im, by trong s nm trong vng h cha mi ca TSHPP (VIA, 2008). Chng ti ngh rng khu nh m Hui Pa v im c c Nng 1 c khai qut trc khi h cha tch nc bo qun cc c vt v di sn vn ha cn li (VIA, 2008). iu kin kinh t x hi iu kin kinh t x hi c bn trong vng d n c m t nh sau.

Dn s
Nh my Thy in Trung Sn, h cha v cc c s chnh ca thy in t ti hai tnh v ba huyngm huyn Mng Lt ca tnh Thanh Ho c dn s l 29.408 ngi, huyn Quan Hoa, cng ca tnh Thanh Ho, c dn s l 42.474 ngi, huyn Mc Chu c s dn ln nht trn a bn tnh Sn La, vi khong 139.805 ngi (DRCC, 2008b). Mc d dn s bin i theo tng x nhng c th ni cc khu vc d n c dn c tha tht. S pht trin ca TSHPP s nh hng n khong 1691 h gia nh v 7546 ngi dn trong khu vc d n (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Nm mi phn trm dn s ca cc tnh Sn La v Thanh Ha l cc nhm dn tc thiu s. T l ny l cao hn t l phn trm dn tc thiu s ton quc vi 14% (DRCC, 2008b). Dn s trong vng d n bao gm ba nhm dn tc: Ngi dn tc Thi (85%), Ngi dn tc Mng chim 13% v Mng chim 2% dn s (Tercia Consultants, 2009).

Dch v v cu trc cng ng

Cc tp tc vn ha ca ngi dn tc Thi v Mng rt tng t nhau, hu ht cc khc bit vn ha nh tp trung nghi l truyn thng. Nhng dn tc ny cng chung sng vi dn tc Kinh v c cc hot ng sn xut nng nghip ging nhau (CPRD, 2008). Hin nay, trong cc x ngi Mng v ngi Thi sng ring l hoc cng chung mt lng, kt qu l c rt nhiu cp v chng a sc tc. C v nh khng c s phn bit i x gia cc gia nh ca hai dn tc; tuy nhin, mi dn tc c tp tc v truyn thng ring ca h (CPRD, 2008). a s cc ch h l nam gii v nhng nh do ph n lm ch h c xu hng sn xut nng nghip b hn ch v ph thuc nhiu vo nhng ngi khc trong lng. Thiu cc ngun vn c sn nhm gip ph n pht trin k thut canh tc nng nghip v chn nui cho ring mnh. Khong 90% c dn ang sng trong cc ngi nh trong tnh trng tt, m thng l nh sn. Nh kin c v bn kin c ch yu l xy dng cnh ng hoc cc khu trung tm ca lng bn (L v Kaul, 2009). Hin nay, tt c cc x trong tnh Thanh Ha c c trng tiu hc v trung hc. Mc d trng hc c duy tr tt nhng t l hc sinh tham gia kh thp (PECC4, 2008a). T l m ch l rt cao, c bit trong cc lng bn c t l ngi Mng cao v c xu hng c t l m ch trong ph n cao hn (DRCC, 2008b).

| P a g e 27

Mc d truyn ming l phng tin ph bin nht truyn b thng tin trong lng,. Trong cc x tr Mng L v Tn Xun c mt h thng loa phng thanh v pht hai ln mt ngy (DRCC, 2008b). Trong nm 2005, s my in thoi ca cc huyn Quan Hoa v Mai Chu tng ng l 820 v 1.460. Truyn thng tin gia cc lng bn b gii hn v dch v in thoi khng c sn ti mt s x,nh x Tn Xun chng hn (PECC4, 2008a; DRCC, 2008b). Khng c x no trong vng d n c ch. Trong mi lng bn, c mt s gia nh bn cc hng ho cn thit cho sinh hot. Bi s bt tin trong vn chuyn gia cc bn, gi c hng ha c xu hng cao hn hng ha a phng (DRCC, 2008b). C mt ch ti huyn Mng Lt, trong khi phn ln cc ca hng cch ti thiu l 45 km ( huyn Mc Chu v Quan Ha) t vng d n. Nm trong s cc x c cc trung tm y t c nh hay bn c nh. Cc trung tm y t thng c mt bc s v 1-2 nhn vin y t. Tn Xun khng c trung tm y t (DRCC, 2008b). Chm sc y t cng cng v chng trnh k hoch ha gia nh c thc hin lm gim s ly lan ca dch bnh nh bnh st rt (PECC4, 2008a). cp tnh, Ha Bnh v Sn La c bn bnh vin mi tnh, trong khi Thanh Ho c by bnh vin (HESDI, 2008). Cc trm x c trang b km v cc trng hp m nng thng c chuyn thng ti cc bnh vin huyn (PECC4, 2008a). Hu ht cc x vng d n c bo him y t do thuc din ngho v c Chnh ph tr cp (HESDI, 2008). Trong khu vc d n cc vn y t ph bin nht l cm, ng c thc phm, tiu chy v cc vn y t lin quan n tai nn giao thng (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Cc mi quan ngi nghim trng n sc khe khc gm nghin ma ty v cc bnh x hi, cc huyn trong khu vc d n c coi l "im nng" bun bn ma ty (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Cc tnh Sn La, Thanh Ha v Ha Bnh c t l t vong tr s sinh cao nht vng Ty Bc Vit Nam (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Hu nh tt c ph n trong cc x thc hin vic sinh con nh do l tnh hnh chung ca dn tc thiu s, do vng su vng xa vi ng i li hn ch v do tnh trng thiu cc dch v y t chung (DRCC, 2008b). Giao thng vn ti trn ton lu vc sng M ni chung ngho nn vi ch yu l ng t v a hnh y cc chng ngi vt v i dc (DRCC, 2008b). t hn 10% s h trong vng d n c kt ni vi li in quc gia hoc h s dng tucbin thu in nh (56%) (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Cc h gia nh cn li s dng cc phng php khc chiu sng nh nn v n du (DRCC, 2008b). Nc trong khe ni, hay nc m l ngun nc chnh cho cc x trong khu vc (DRCC, 2008b). Mt s lng nh cc h gia nh o ging nc ring cho mnh (HESDI, 2008).

Kinh t
Cc tiu chun kinh t x hi huyn Mc Chu thp hn cc huyn khc tnh Sn La v Thanh Ha do a hnh , ni cao, kh khn v giao thng v bt cp v c s h tng (DRCC, 2008b). Trng la l canh tc nng nghip ph bin nht, chim 65% hot ng, trong khi chn nui ch chim 25%. Mc d 75% lu vc sng M c dnh cho sn xut lm nghip nhng gi tr sn xut kh thp. Cng nghip trong khu vc ang pht trin chm, tp trung ch yu vo cy ma v sn xut vt liu xy dng (DRCC, 2008b).

| P a g e 28

Cc cuc kho st cho thy rng thu nhp bnh qun trong cc x thuc khu vc d n l rt thp v thng l di chun ngho. Thu nhp c ngun gc t bn ngun chnh bao gm: trng trt, chn nui, trng tre lung, cc hot ng lm nghip khc v thu lm cc lm sn khc (Tercia Consultants, 2009): a hnh v c im thm thc vt ca khu vc hn ch s pht trin ca ngnh cng nghip. Trong cc x vng d n, sn xut cng nghip v cng nghip nh ch p ng nhu cu ca a phng v lc lng lao ng c nng sut lao ng hn ch. C s h tng giao thng vn ti ngho nn v i li hn ch cng km hm thm hot ng thng mi ti a phng (PECC4, 2008a). Ngun cung ng lao ng thp trong khu vc lu vc sng M ch yu do thiu lao ng c o to v c bng cp. Kinh nghim truyn thng lu truyn l ngun chnh phc v cho c nng nghip v lm nghip (DRCC, 2008b). i sng kinh t ca cc dn tc thiu s Vit Nam khng c tt nh nhng ngi dn tc Kinh. Bi vy, chnh ph thc hin cc chng trnh trong cc lnh vc y t, gio dc, x hi v kinh t khuyn khch s pht trin kinh t ca cc dn tc thiu s v lm gim khong cch giu ngho gia cc nhm dn tc v gia cc khu vc (DRCC, 2008b). T l ngho i cao ph bin hn trong x sng vng xa, vng min ni hoc cc khu vc c nhiu dn tc thiu s c tr. Nhng khu vc c lp, hn ch ng i li, c s h tng km pht trin v iu kin thi tit bt li mang n cho iu kin sng nhiu kh khn v th thch. Nhng lng bn y hn ch v cc dch v v c s h tng km pht trin (DRCC, 2008b).

Nng sut t ai
Din tch t nhin xung quanh cc x vng d n l khong 73.000 ha. Tng s t dnh cho nng nghip l kh nh bi a s c s dng cho mc ch lm nghip. Mc d c s mt cn bng ny, tuy nhin 75-95% s h trong x vng d n c xp vo nhm ngh sn xut nng nghip (DRCC, 2008b). t nng nghip ang thoi ha nghim trng trong ma ma l kt qu ca canh tc trn sn dc 15-30%. Xi mn l thch thc ln nht i vi sn xut nng nghip do ph nhiu ca t gim nhanh chng sau 2 n 3 nm (DRCC, 2008b). Nng nghip l hot ng chnh trong khu vc d n. Khong 70-80% tng thu nhp h gia nh ph thuc vo cc hot ng trng trt (Tercia Consultants, 2009). La nc v la nng, ng v sn l cc loi cy trng ch yu (PECC4, 2008a). a hnh ca tnh Thanh Ho l khng thch hp vi trng la nc ngoi tr x Xun Nha l ni tng i bng phng v c ngun nc di do (PECC4, 2008a). Ti cc vng ni th canh tc nng ry hay trng rung bc thang l mt hot ng ph bin v h gia nh trung bnh c t 2 - 3 ha t ry. Canh tc mt v lun canh la-ng-sn hin ang thc hin, sau mt thi gian b ha t 3 - 4 nm (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Mc d ngi Thi v Mng c truyn thng chn nui gia sc v gia cm nhng chn nui khng c coi l mt ngun thu nhp chnh trong khu vc ny. Hn ch v cng ngh, ging a phng sinh trng chm v gia sc nui khng c bo v l cc nguyn nhn dn n hiu qu kinh t thp ca lnh vc chn nui trong vng (PECC4, 2008a). Rng chim mt t l ln trn cc vng t t nhin trong khu vc d n (DRCC, 2008b) v sn xut lm nghip l mt phn quan trng i vi i sng ca cc x (CAHAEE, 2008). Cc

| P a g e 29

loi t gip sng M c phn hng thuc loi mu m v gp phn vo nng sut sn xut ca ngnh lm nghip (CPRD, 2008). Nhng khu rng bao quanh lng bn thng c giao cho cc h gia nh, c nhn, trong khi cc khu rng bo v lin k thuc qun l ca Chnh ph. a s cc h gia nh c cc l t i k bn khai thc g v sn xut lm nghip, thng dnh cho vic trng tre lung hay cy ly ht. Nhiu h gia nh cc x Trung L, Mng L v Trung Sn pht trin cc trang tri trng tre lung, cung cp mt ngun thu nhp n nh. Hin nay, cy c trng che ph phn ln din tch s b ngp trong khu vc d n (DRCC, 2008b). Trong cc huyn min ni, din tch c mt nc nh v do ngnh nui trng thy sn cha pht trin rng ri nh cc lnh vc nng nghip v lm nghip. Ao c thng khng c v ch yu nm trong cc thung lng rng ln hn cc x Tam Chung v Tn Xun. nh c trn sng M l mt ngun thu nhp quan trng cho cc x h lu ca vng p nc, c bit l khi phn ln cc loi c y c gi tr th trng cao (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Nui trng thy sn c ph bin trong cc cng ng ven bin v nui c nc ngt mi bt u pht trin trong nhng nm gn y (PECC4, 2008a).

nh gi tc ng mi trng v x hi
Mc ch ca bt c nh gi tc ng no, cho d l tc ng mi trng hay kinh t x hi, l d on v ngn chn nhng hu qu ca mt hnh ng tim nng. i vi TSHPP, s l rt quan trng xc nh tc ng tim nng ca vic xy dng v hot ng ca thy in gim thiu hoc loi b cc nh hng ca chng trong vng d n v trong khu vc. Cc tc ng tim n quan trng nht ca TSHPP c tm tt di y. Tm tt ny bao gm cc vn , cc tc ng lin quan, cc bin php gim nh tc ng c xut v cc tc ng cn li sau khi bin php gim nh c thc hin.

Giai on xy dng
Vn : Ti nh c cc x v ngi dn to h cha nc Tc ng: S o ln cc mng li gia nh, cu trc cng ng, bn sc vn ho v dn tc Cc bin php gim nh: Trin khai cc chng trnh o to v cc chng trnh gio dc v a dng ha thu nhp; v cung cp cc mng li truyn thng v cc chng trnh x hi tr gip chuyn i trong qu trnh ti nh c Tc ng tn d: Trung bnh Nghin cu tc ng b sung: Phn tch v gim nh tc ng c gii quyt thm na ti RLDP Vn : M rng cc x cho cc h ti nh c n Tc ng: S o ln cc h thng gia nh, cu trc cng ng v bn sc vn ho, dn tc Cc bin php gim nh: Cung cp mng li truyn thng v cc chng trnh x hi tr gip chuyn i trong qu trnh ti nh c Tc ng tn d: Trung bnh Nghin cu tc ng b sung: Phn tch v gim nh tc ng c gii quyt trong RLDP

Giai on vn hnh
Vn : Bi lng trong h cha Tc ng: Bi lng tng ln sau vic tch nc h cha

| P a g e 30

Cc bin php gim nh: Xy dng m hnh bi lng h cha v qun l xi mn ti a ha tui th hu ch ca h cha; v gim thiu bi lng trong ton b khu vc thng qua vic thc hin cch tip cn gi dng sng nguyn vn qun l lu vc Tc ng tn d: Cao Nghin cu tc ng b sung: M hnh bi lng h cha l cn thit Tc ng tch ly ca D n Vic phn tch tc ng tch ly cho TSHPP ch trng n s tng tc ca bn hp phn ca d n nh sau: Xy dng v vn hnh p; Xy dng v hot ng ca ln tri xy dng; Xy dng v hot ng ca ng vo; v Ti nh c ca hn 2.500 ngi.

Vn : a dng sinh hc trn cn Tc ng: Tng p lc v sn bt ng vt hoang d cho thc phm v nhng loi hnh s dng khc Cc bin php gim nh: C ni quy cho cng nhn v vic cm sn bn v cu c; cm s dng ng vt hoang d hoc cc sn phm tht th rng trong cc tri cng nhn; kim sot cc ng i vo v i ra trn ng gim thiu sn bt trm Tc ng tn d: Trung bnh Vn : Cc Vn quc gia v Khu bo tn Tc ng: Tng p lc v sn bt ng vt hoang d cho thc phm v cc s dng khc; v tng p lc khai thc g trong cc Khu bo tn Cc bin php gim nh: Trin khai cc k hoch qun l Vn quc gia; thc hin cng tc tun tra v canh gc vn quc gia; t chc cc chin dch gio dc cho cng nhn v cng ng a phng; v kim sot cc ng i vo v i ra t TSHPP Tc ng tn d: Trung bnh Vn : Nhu cu v Ti nguyn thin nhin Tc ng: Xem trn (vn quc gia v khu bo tn v a dng sinh hc trn t lin) Cc bin php gim nh: Xem trn (vn quc gia v khu bo tn v a dng sinh hc trn t lin) Tc ng tn d: Trung bnh

Tham vn cng ng v cng b thng tin

Tham vn cng ng l mt thnh phn quan trng ca TSHPP v ng vai tr then cht trong vic xy dng Chng trnh ti nh c, sinh k v Pht trin Dn tc Thiu s (RLDP). Qu trnh tham vn c thit k thit lp i thoi m gia c quan TSHPP, cc trng bn v h gia nh b nh hng. Mc ch l chuyn i d dng hn vo cc khu ti nh c, ng thi ci thin iu kin sng v cht lng cuc sng ca cc h gia nh b nh hng (CPRD, 2009).

Mc tiu tham vn
Sm to s lin lc thng xuyn gia cc h gia nh b nh hng, cc bn lin quan v cc nh pht trin d n s (DRRC, 2008a):

| P a g e 31

Thng tin v gio dc ngi dn a phng v d n; Thu nhn cc phn hi v d n v cc tc ng tim n ca n; Gim cc xung t lin quan n d n v gim thiu nguy c tr hon ca d n; Xy dng K hoch Ti nh c (RP) p ng c th cc nhu cu v u tin i vi nhng ngi dn b nh hng; v Ti a ho cc li ch kinh t v x hi ca d n.

Phng php tham vn cng ng

Nhm t vn tho lun cc vn v TSHPP, nhng tc ng tim nng v phng php tham vn kin vi cc trng bn. Sau , T t vn gp g vi cc h gia nh, c nhn b nh hng thu nhn thng tin phn hi v cc la chn ti nh c, k hoch bi thng h tr ti chnh v cc mi quan tm khc lin quan n d n (CPRD, 2009). Cc bo co cng b ch ra rng c hai vng tham vn kin cng ng. Trong mi vng, nhng ngi dn trong din di di c phng vn v cc la chn trong ti nh c (t di di, ti nh c theo x hoc bi thng ti chnh), tc ng ca vic thu hi t ai v cc chng trnh phc hi sinh k (DRRC, 2008a). Cc vng tham vn cng ng b sung c ln k hoch, c bit l vi nhng ngi dn bn b nh hng v cc x n nay cha c tham kho kin.

Nhng bn v X b nh hng
Cc lng bn b nh hng sau c tch ring v phn loi nh sau: Mc 1 - H gia nh v t canh tc ca h b nh hng (14 bn); Mc 2 - H gia nh phi ti nh c do xy dng ng vo Co Lng - Co Me (12 bn); Mc 3 - Ch t canh tc (khng phi t th c) b nh hng bi vic to h cha (15 bn); v Mc 4 - Nhng ngi dn sng h ngun ca TSHPP (su bn).

Kt qu tham vn cng ng
t nng nghip v nng sut sn xut nng nghip l nhng mi quan tm chnh ca ngi dn a phng. t ti nh c v nng sut ca n cn phi bng hoc hn so vi t b mt. Cc khu vc ti nh c v khu vc b nh hng cng s nhn c cc h tr ti chnh, y t, gio dc, v cc chng trnh v dch v cng ng. Duy tr an ninh v trt t ca lng bn l mi quan Tam Chung. S gia tng dn s nhanh, c bit l s nam gii trong cc x Co Me v Ching Po, c th lm tng ng k s lng cc v c bc, mi dm, trm cp, ma ty v bnh tt. Mt s lng bn yu cu Nh nc kim tra bo v trong hot ng xy dng.

| P a g e 32

Cc bin php ti nh c thay th

Cc h thuc din ti nh c c cung cp cc ty chn ti nh c: hoc l chuyn v mt bn c thit k sn hoc nu kh thi th di di trong trong ni b bn hin ti ca h. La chn th ba l t di di, khi cc h gia nh b nh hng s nhn c bi thng ti chnh v s phi chu trch nhim cho vic tm kim ch mi (DRCC, 2008a).

L trnh tham vn
Qu trnh tham vn hin ang c thc hin v s tip tc trong sut thi gian xy dng TSHP. T t vn s tp trung vo cc x m n nay cha c tip xc.

| P a g e 33

Gii thiu
1.1 Tng quan v D n v SESIA
1.1.1 Cc c im chnh ca D n
Ban qun l D n Thu in Trung Sn (TSHPMB) ang xy dng D n Thy in Trung Sn (TSHPP); mt d n thy in c quy m trung bnh d kin phc v nh l mt v d thc tin tt nht cho vic pht trin ngnh in lc ca Vit Nam. D n c cng sut thit k l 260 megawatt (MW), tng lng pht in hng nm l 1018.6 gigawatt gi (GWh) u ni vi in li quc gia. D n ny cng s cung cp cc li ch v kim sot l h lu, cung cp ngun nc b sung trong sut ma kh v c s dng nh l ngun nng lng thay th gim thiu hiu ng nh knh trn ton cu (GHG) . Cc hp phn chnh ca D n thu in Trung Sn bao gm: Mt p cao 84,5 m vi chiu di nh p l 513 m; H cha vi tng din tch: 13,1 km2, dung tch 348.5 triu m3, mc nc dng bnh thng (FSL) ti cao trnh 160 m v mc nc vn hnh ti thiu ti cao trnh 150 m. 20.4 km ng vo t Co Lng (Mai Chu, Ho Bnh) n Co Me (Trung Sn, tnh Thanh Ho); Mt s m vt liu tm. Ln tri cng nhn xy dng cho gn 4000 cng nhn; v Cc ng dy ti in.

Tng chi ph d n d kin l 386 triu la (USD), trong phn b 24.6 triu USD cho cc mc ch bi thng v ti nh c, 2 triu USD cho pht trin sinh k v khong 2 triu USD thc hin K hoch qun l Mi trng. Cng tc xy dng d kin din ra hn 5 nm v p c c th s hot ng vo nm 2015.

1.1.2 Mc ch ca SESIA
Mc ch ca vic nh gi mi trng v x hi b sung (SESIA) l d on cc kh nng tc ng l sinh v kinh t - x hi c th gy ra bi TSHPP v quy nh cc bin php gim nh m bo pht trin bn vng ca d n. Bn SESIA ny c thit k thay mt Ban qun l TSHPP nhm kt hp thng tin thu thp t cc nghin cu trc y v mi trng v x hi, ch ra c cc khu vc c yu cu thm thng tin v lp k hoch cho d n. SESIA cng cung cp khun kh cho bn K hoch qun l mi trng (EMP) lin quan, c trnh by mt bo co ring.

1.1.3 Cc c im chnh ca SESIA

Bn SESIA ny gii quyt mt s vn cn thit cho vic thm nh d n ca Ngn hng th gii, bao gm vic nh gi tc ng mi trng (EIA) v xy dng K hoch qun l mi trng (EMP) tun th theo cc Th tc v Chnh sch hot ng OP/BP 4.01 ca Ngn hng Th gii; xc nh cc bin php gim nh gim thiu tc ng trong giai on xy dng ca d n; cung cp mt bn tm tt kt qu tham kho kin cng chng tnh n nay; v cung cp cc mi lin kt vi K hoch Pht trin sinh k ti nh c (RLDP).

| P a g e 34

Cc vn mi trng chnh ca d n lin quan n cc tc ng v cht lng nc, thu vn, sc khe, c v thu sn - v c hai pha thng ngun v h ngun ca con p; tc ng ca cc ln tri cng trnh xy dng; tc ng ca cc hp phn ph tr cho d n bao gm c ng vo v cc m vt liu tm; v tc ng gin tip vo ngun ti nguyn thin nhin v a dng sinh hc ca khu vc, bao gm c cc khu bo tn thin nhin ln cn. Cc vn x hi chnh lin quan n d n bao gm: vic ti nh c do xy dng p; vic phc hi sinh k ca nhng ngi dn b nh hng bi d n v gim thiu tc ng trong giai on xy dng, khi mt khu ln tri 4.000 ngi s c xy dng ti mt khu vc dng nh cha b nh hng bi s pht trin c s h tng. c tnh c 1.691 h b nh hng bi d n, phn ln trong s h l nhng ngi dn tc Thi hoc Mng. Trong s ny, c khong 486 h s b nh hng bi vic xy dng ng vo (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Nhng tc ng ny ca d n s c x l thng qua vic thc hin RLDP gm ba phn: K hoch ti nh c (RP), K hoch ci thin sinh k cng ng (CLIP), v K hoch Pht trin dn tc thiu s (EMDP). Mt thnh phn quan trng ca qun l mi trng hiu qu s l vic thc hin mt bn EMP, bao gm cc bin php gim st thi cng, theo di v thu thp thm d liu c s trong sut thi gian ca d n.

1.1.4 Ti liu nh gi Tc ng Mi trng trc

Ti liu ny c xem l ti liu b sung cho nh gi tc ng mi trng ca d n trc bao gm bn EIA do B Ti Nguyn Mi trng ph duyt nm 2008 v cc bo co khc c xy dng thay mt cho Ban qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn (TSHPMB). Bn SESIA v bn EMP km theo cung cp cc thng tin b sung ngoi cc ti liu c hon thnh trc nh sau: Cc thng tin c bn b sung c thu thp t cc ti liu cp trn; Phn tch cc phng n so snh ca d n; Phn tch cc tc ng ca d n gn lin vi cc bin php gim thiu c th c thc hin nh l mt phn cng vi k hoch qun l mi trng (EMP); Cc bin php nhm tng cng nng lc qun l mi trng v x hi ca Ban qun l d n thu in Trung Sn, v Cc bin php gim st, kim tra v theo di c thc hin trong sut giai on thi cng v i vi ton thi gian thc hin d n.

1.2

Phng php nh gi tc ng

D n tng hp mt s cc c im thit k v mi trng gim ti thiu cc tc ng bt li ca d n ln mi trng ca con ngi v t nhin. Cc vn xc nh trong iu tra c bn c thu thp (Phn 4.0 v 5.0), v m t v d n (Phn 2.0) c dng xc nh cc nhn t tc ng tim tng. Mt bng tip cn ma trn c s dng nh gi cc tc ng c th xy ra t cc tc ng ln nhau i vi cc vn v nhn t tc ng.

1.2.1 Tiu ch nh gi tc ng
nh gi tm quan trng ca mi tc ng c th xy ra trong cc giai on thi cng v vn hnh ca d n, cc tiu ch sau c s dng (Bng 1-1): Kh nng xut hin

| P a g e 35

Cng Phm vi a l Thi hn Kh nng phc hi

Bng 1-1: Tiu ch nh gi tc ng

Cc ch tiu Thp Va phi Cao

Kh nng Tc ng c th khng Cc tc ng s c th Chc chn xut hin tc ng xy ra, hoc c th him xut hin xut hin khi xy ra trn c s ngu nhin Cng Cc nh hng bt li tc ng nh ln cc c im thnh phn h sinh thi, s phong ph hoc s phn b a l. i vi cc nhn t kinh t-x hi, khng c s nh hng ln n cc thnh phn hoc vic s dng ca cng ng hoc ngi dn khu vc. Phm a l vi Trong khu vc nh hng bt li ln mt phn nh n h sinh thi, u ny dn n cc thay i c hn trong cc c im ca n, ln s phong ph hay s phn b a l. i vi thnh phn kinh tx hi: nh hng n mt phn cng ng hoc ngi dn khu vc m khng c s e do i vi thnh phn hoc vic s dng n. khu vc lin k d n nh hng bt li n c im ca thnh phn h sinh thi hoc cc thay i v s phong ph hoc s phn b a l. i vi cc thnh phn kinh t-x hi, cc hn ch ln ca vic s dng n bi mt cng ng hoc ngi dn khu vc.

Khu vc (vng nghin cu ca D n TTS).

Thi hn

Lin tc hoc khng lin Lin tc hoc khng lin Lin tc hoc khng lin tc trong vng t hn 03 tc t 03 nm n 09 nm tc trong 10 nm hoc nm hn

Kh nng Tc ng c th o Tc ng c th c o Tc ng khng c kh khi phc ngc trong giai on ngc trong vng i d nng o ngc thi cng d n n

1.2.2 Phn cp tc ng
Vic nh gi tm quan trng ca cc tc ng i vi giai on thi cng v vn hnh tng hp trong vic nhn dng thit k kinh t x hi v mi trng ca d n gim n mc ti thiu cc tc ng tim n. Vic phn loa mi tc ng nn xem xt cc tiu ch sau:

| P a g e 36

Nhn t tc ng: Kha cnh no ca d n l ngun kh nng hay kh nng gy ra tc ng v vn ny? Tc ng tim n: Tc nhn tc ng nh hng nh th no ln vn ? Tiu chun/mc tiu gim nh: Tiu chun no c p dng m bo rng cc tc ng xy ra c hn ch ti thiu? Bin php gim nh: Cc c im no ca d n c bao gm trong phn thit k d n nhm lm gim cc nh hng ti mi trng v x hi? D n s thc hin cc hot ng c th no x l cc tc ng? Mc ca tc ng: tc ng ny c phn loi cao? hay trung bnh? hoc thp theo cc tiu ch nh gi ca d n. nh gi tc ng tn d: Sau khi p dng cc bin php gim thiu v thnh cng trong vic gim thiu v/hoc xo b cc tc ng, mc ca tc ng nh th no ? nu n tip tc xy ra? Vic m t cc tc ng tn d trn l bn tm tt mi tiu ch tc ng sau vic thc hin cc bin php gim thiu ca d n. S yu cu cc bin php gim thiu hoc n b b sung, nh lu trong ct cc thiu st ca cc tc ng, nhm gim thiu mc tc ng tn ti mc thp, hoc mc c th chp nhn c. Thp: Cc tc ng ny c xem l xy ra trong mt thi gian ngn, khng ng k v gii hn vi cng trng d n. Trung bnh: Cc tc ng ny c xem l c th xy ra, kh nh trong t nhin, xut hin trong sut giai on thi cng, c th o ngc v st vi d n. S yu cu vic gim thiu b sung lm gim tc ng ti mc thp. Cao: Cc tc ng ny chc chn s xut hin, lm thay i kh ln i vi mi trng con ngi v mi trng t nhin, trong mt khong thi gian di (04 nm hoc hn), khng c tnh o ngc v xut hin trong phm vi khu vc. Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng: Trong vic tm tt cc bin php gim thiu, lu rng mt s kch bn yu cu cn c cc nghin cu b sung hoc cn c s phn loi thm gim thiu cc tc ng tn d n mt mc thp hay trong iu kin c th chp nhn c. Cc vn ny s c tho lun chi tit hn trong Phn 6.0.

1.3

Khung php l v quy nh ca D n

1.3.1 Lut php Vit Nam

Khung php l v Quy nh v mi trng Vit Nam gn y c thc hin, nhng trn phm vi rng v bao gm cc quy nh sau: Lut Bo v Mi trng s 52/2005/QH11 c Quc hi ph duyt vo K hp th XI, ti bui hp th 8, ngy 29/11/2005; c hiu lc t 02/07/2006. Lut t ai ca Vit Nam nm 2003; c hiu lc bt u t 1/7/2004. Lut Ti nguyn nc c Quc hi Kho X ph duyt, ti k hp th 3 ngy 20/05/1998, c hiu lc t ngy 1/1/1999. Lut Bo v v Pht trin Rng, s 29/2004/QH11 c Quc hi ph duyt vo ngy 03 20/12/1998; c hiu lc t 01/04/2005.

| P a g e 37

Ngh nh s 80/2006/ND-CP, ngy 09/08/2006 do Chnh ph Ban hnh hng dn vic thc hin cc iu trong Lut Bo v Mi trng. Thng t s 08/2006/TT-BTNMT ngy 08/12/2006 do B Trng b Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh v vic hng dn v chin lc nh gi tc ng mi trng, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. Quyt nh s 22/2006/QD-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 do B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh v vic bt buc s dng cc Tiu chun ca Vit Nam v Mi trng. Ngh nh s 21/2002/N-CP ngy 28/5/2002 ca Chnh Ph v vic hng dn thc hin Php lnh v xut nhp cnh v c tr ca ngi nc ngoi ti Vit Nam.

Thng t s 05/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy 08 Thng 12/2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn vic nh gi mi trng chin lc, nh gi tc ng mi trng v cam kt bo v mi trng. Thng t s 04/2008/TT-BTNMT ngy ngy 18 thng 9 nm 2008 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng hng dn vic xy dng v ph duyt hoc xc nhn n bo v mi trng v kim tra vic thc hin cc n bo v mi trng.
Quyt nh ca B Cng nghip v vic Ph duyt K hoch Tng th pht trin thu in Sng M, s1195/QD-NLDK ngy 31/03/2005. Ch th ca Th Tng chnh ph cho php lp d n mi trng cho Thu in Bn Un, s 865/TTg-CN ngy 28/06/2005 v Nghin cu tin kh thi ca D n Thu in Bn Un, Tnh Thanh Ho. Quyt nh s 907/QD-EVN-HDQT ca Tp on in lc Vit Nam 02/11/2007 v vic thnh lp Ban Qun l D n Thu in Trung Sn (Ban QLDAT TS) (Ngun PECC4, 2008).

1.3.2 Cc tiu chun v Chnh sch v Mi trng c th ng dng

Ngoi cc yu cu v php lut ca quc gia, Ban qun l d n thy in Trung Sn cng phi tun th cc tiu chun v chnh sch khc ca Ngn hng Th gii v mi trng, v cc tiu chun thc tin nht i vi cc d n thu in. Cc chnh sch an ton x hi v mi trng ca Ngn hng Th gii l mt nn tng quan trng i vi vic h tr gim i ngho mt cch n nh. Mc tiu ca cc chnh sch ny l nhm ngn nga v gim thiu cc tc hi ti con ngi v mi trng trong qu trnh pht trin. Cc chnh sch ny cung cp cc hng dn cho Ngn hng Th gii v cc bn i vay v vic nhn dng, lp, v thc hin cc chng trnh v d n. Cc chnh sch bo m v mi trng v x hi ca Ngn hng th gii i vi d n thu in Trung Sn c nu Bng 1-2.

| P a g e 38

Bng 1-2: Chnh sch bo m v Mi trng v X hi ca Ngn hng Th gii

Chnh sch an ton ca Ngn hng Th gii Chnh sch hot ng (OP/)/Th tc ca Ngn hng 4.01 nh gi Mi trng (Thng 1/1999) OP/BP 4.04 Mi trng sng T nhin (Thng 6/2001) OP/BP 4.10 Ngi dn Bn x (July 2005) OP/BP 4.11 Cc ngun Vn ha Vt th (Thng 7/2006) OP/BP 4.12 Ti nh c (Thng 12/2001) OP/BP 4.37 An ton p ( Thng 10/2001) OP/BP 7.50 ng thy quc t (Thng 6/2001) Chnh sch ca Ngn hng Th gii v vic Cng b Thng tin (Thng 1/2002) OP/BP 4.36 Rng Tm tt s lin quan ca cc chnh sch bo v ny i vi vic thi cng v vn hnh D n Thu in Trung Sn. OP/BP 4.01 nh gi Mi trng: Trong cc chnh sch hot ng ca Ngn hng th gii, mc ch ca nh gi Mi trng l nng cao vic ra quyt nh, m bo rng cc la chn tiu d n ang xem xt l ng n v bn vng, v cho ngi dn c kh nng b nh hng c tham vn. p ng mc tiu ny, chnh sch ca Ngn hng th gii ra cc th tc nhm: Xc nh mc ri ro v mi trng mt cch tng quan, lin quan ti d n, nh gi cc tc ng mi trng c th xy ra v cc nguy c v cc tc ng c gim thiu nh th no n mc c th chp nhn c (qun l v nh gi mi trng), m bo rng cc quan im ca nhng ngi dn c th b nh hng bi d n c phn nh mt cch ng n trong vic nhn dng cc ri ro v mi trng v qun l tc ng (tham vn cng ng), Chc chn rng cc quy trnh p dng trong qu trnh nh gi tc ng mi trng c cng b mt cch y v minh bch cho ton th cng ng hiu r (cng b thng tin) v Bao gm cc bin php cho vic thc hin v gim st cc cam kt lin quan n cc pht hin v xut v nh gi mi trng (k hoch qun l mi trng).

Tham vn cng ng v cng b thng tin l cc yu t cn thit ca chnh sch nh gi mi trng ca Ngn hng Th gii v cc quy trnh cn thit v ti liu ho tham vn v cng b trong vn bn ca SESIA b sung ny v cng vi EMP. OP/BP 4.04 Mi trng sng T nhin: chnh sch An ton mi trng sng t nhin mun m bo rng c s h tng h tr v cc d n pht trin khc ca Ngn hng Th gii ch n vic xem xt bo tn a dng sinh hc, cng nh rt nhiu cc dch v v mi trng v cc sn phm t mi trng sng t nhin cung cp cho x hi con ngi. Chnh sch ny hn

| P a g e 39

ch mt cch nghim ngt cc trng hp c th gy thit hi n mi trng t nhin (t v nc, ni ang c hu ht cc loi ng vt v cy ci bn a) ca cc d n do Ngn hng Th gii cp vn. c bit, chnh sch ny cm s h tr ca Ngn hng th gii i vi cc d n m c th gy ra cc mt mt ln hoc suy thoi ln i vi bt k mi trng sng t nhin quan trng no, bao gm nhng khu vc c bo v hp php, c xut bo v hoc khng c bo v mt cch chnh thc nhng c gi tr bo tn cao. Mi trng sng t nhin c nh ngha l t v nc, ni qun th sinh vt c hnh thnh bi cc loi ng vt v cy ci, v hot ng ca con ngi khng lm thay i mt cch c bn cc hot ng sinh thi ca khu vc. OP/BP 4.10 Ngi Bn x v Cc Dn tc Thiu s: Chnh sch ny h tr mc tiu ca Ngn hng Th gii trong thc hin chng trnh gim ngho v pht trin bn vng m bo rng qu trnh pht trin cp mt cch y v gi tr, quyn con ngi, nn kinh t v vn ho ca Ngi bn x. quyt nh c nn tin hnh d n, bn vay cn xc nh trn c s nh gi x hi v tham vn trc xem cc cng ng dn bn a b nh hng c hu ht hng ng h tr cho d n khng. Thng qua chnh sch ny, cc xut ca d n l chia s vi ngi dn bn x, tham vn vi h, m bo rng h tham gia v hng li t cc hot ng ti tr vn ca Ngn hng v phng din vn ho mt cch hp l v cc tc ng bt li ln h c th trnh v hn ch ti thiu hay gim thiu c hay khng. Cc d n do Ngn hng Th gii ti tr cng c ln k hoch m bo rng Ngi Bn x c cc li ch bao gm phng din vn ho v gii tnh v v mt tng th. Trong trng hp D n Thu in Trung Sn (TSHPP) cc K hoch Hnh ng ti nh c (RP), K hoch Pht trin sinh k (CLIP) v K hoch pht trin Dn tc thiu s (EMDP) c xy dng. K hoch pht trin Dn tc thiu s phi c xem xt v ph chun bi cc cp chnh quyn cp tnh v tng ng (U Ban Nhn dn Tnh (PPC)). OP/BP 4.11 Cc ngun ti nguyn Vn ho Vt th: Mc tiu ca chnh sch ny l trnh, hoc gim thiu, cc tc ng bt li ln cc ngun vn ho t cc d n pht trin do Ngn hng th gii ti tr. Cc ngun vn ho vt th bao gm cc vt th di chuyn c hoc khng di chuyn c, mt bng, c s h tng, cc nhm cng trnh, c im t nhin v cnh quan c ngha v mt kho c, dn tc hc, kin trc, tn gio, thm m v cc ngha vn ho khc. Bn cnh cc kho st trc khi thi cng, cc pht hin tnh c hoc pht hin ngu nhin v kho c hc hoc cc cng trnh c ngha quan trng i vi di sn vn ho Vit Nam c th cha c khm ph. Cc chi tit v qu trnh pht l i vi cc ngun vn ho vt th c cung cp trong EMP i km. OP/BP 4.12 Ti nh c khng t nguyn: Chnh sch An ton v ti nh c khng t nguyn s c p dng trong cc tnh hung lin quan n vic thu hi t v cc hn ch ca vic tip cn cc ngun ti nguyn hp php v cc khu vc c bo v. Mc ch ca chnh sch ny l nhm ti nh c phm vi kh thi, hoc hn ch ti thiu v gim thiu cc tc ng bt li v mi trng v x hi. N thc y vic tham gia ca ngi di dn trong vic thc hin v lp k hoch ti nh c, v mc tiu kinh t chnh ca n l h tr ngi dn ti nh c h n lc nng cao hoc t nht l khi phc li thu nhp v mc sng ca h sau khi di dn. Chnh sch ny m t cng tc bi thng v cc bin php ti nh c khc t c mc tiu v yu cu d n lp cc hng dn v vic lp cc k h s v hoch ti nh c trc cho Ngn hng thm nh cc d n d kin. OP/BP 4.37 An ton p: Chnh sch m bo v An ton p yu cu cc chuyn gia c nng lc v kinh nghim v thit k v gim st thi cng, v bn vay phi tun th v thc hin

| P a g e 40

cc bin php an ton p trong sut vng i d n. Chnh sch ny cng p dng cho cc con p hin c nu chng nh hng n vic thc hin d n. Trong trng hp ny, vic nh gi an ton p s phi c tin hnh v thc hin cc bin php an ton p b sung. OP/BP 7.50 Cc d n v ng thy quc t: Mc tiu ca chnh sch bo v ny l m bo rng cc d n do Ngn hng th gii ti tr nh hng n ng thu quc t s khng nh hng n cc mi quan h gia Ngn hng Th gii, bn vay v gia cc nc ven sng. Chnh sch ny p dng cho cc d n lin quan n vic s dng v/hoc lin quan n nhim mi trng c th ca ng thu quc t. OP/BP 4.36 Rng: Chnh sch ca Ngn hng Th gii nhm gim nn ph rng, tng cng s ng gp mi trng ca cc khu vc rng, y mnh trng rng, xa i gim ngho, v khuyn khch pht trin kinh t. Chin lc Lm nghip gi ba tr ct quan trng nh nhau v ph thuc ln nhau m hng dn Ngn hng tham gia cc hot ng v rng trong tng lai: khai thc cc tim nng ca cc khu rng gim ngho; a rng vo pht trin kinh t bn vng v bo v nhng gi tr dch v mi trng rng quan trng v trn ton cu.

Trong bi cnh ca TSHPP, khu vc xung quanh d n xut phn ln l rng. Ngi dn a phng ph thuc rt ln vo sn xut tre lung cho sinh hot i sng ca h v t sn xut nhiu x s b nh hng bi TSHPP.

1.4

Cc bo co v k hoch Mi trng v X hi trc y

Bn cnh cc thng tin tho lun phn 1.1.3, cc nghin cu v mi trng v x hi c thc hin trong vic lp k hoch thi cng cho D n Thu in Trung Sn. Bn EIA v cc bo co mi trng v x hi b sung c lin kt vi nhau; v th bn SESIA v EMP km theo th hin s hp nht ca cc tc ng tim n, cc bin php gim thiu xut v cc k hoch bo v hnh cung.

Nghin cu kh thi xc nh a im m c th pht huy ti a kh nng pht in ca p v gim thiu cc tc ng tim nng ti mi trng xung quanh. Do tnh cht ca d n, vic kho st mt s ngun li thu sn c tin hnh ti liu ha cht lng nc ca sng M v cc loi thy sn. Tc ng n a dng sinh hc ca c , thu nhp nui trng thy sn, xi mn v bi lng v yu cu di chuyn ca ngi dn b nh hng cng c cp v cc bin php gim nh cng c xut. Bo co Phn tch hiu qu kinh t ca D n thy in Trung Sn m t v iu kin thy vn v c tnh kh nng pht in ca TSHP v kim tra nhng nh hng tim nng ca bin i kh hu i vi iu kin thy vn. Bn bo co cng xem xt nhng li ch tim nng t vic gia tng hp thu kh metan v Cc-bon-nic ca thy in Trung Sn. Cc phn tch kinh t c hon thnh theo nh dng chun ca Ngn hng Th gii v cui cng, phn tch cc la chn thay th, xem xt cc la chn v chnh sch trong trng hp s dng kt hp chu trnh kh hoc than thay th thy in Trung Sn. nh gi cc tc ng gy ra bi D n thy in Trung Sn n cc Khu bo tn v a dng sinh hc trn cn cho thy c mt s lng ln cc loi thc vt, nhiu loi ng vt c v, lng c v tnh phong ph v cc loi chim trong ba khu Bo tn thin nhin ca khu vc Trung Sn. Hin nay, cc khu vc d n ang i mt vi p lc ng k t bn ngoi (nh sn bn, nh by, vv) v cc n lc bo tn khng t chun do s thiu nhn thc v bo tn v nng lc qun l. Cc bin php gim nh c ra nhm x l cc tc ng gin tip v trc tip lin quan n d n ln a dng sinh hc ca cc vng t nhin.

| P a g e 41

K hoch thu dn thm thc thc vt che ph h cha m t v thm thc vt trong khu vc b ngp nc ca h cha. Bo co ny m t cnh quan hin ti trong khu vc TSHPP, xc nh khi lng tre lung v lm sn tim nng b mt v nhng tc ng v kinh t x hi lin quan i vi nhng ngi dn hin ang sinh sng trong khu vc. Kt qu ca vic pht quang v ngp nc tc ng lin quan ti s gia tng mnh vn v dinh dng cc con sng trong khu vc h cha cng c bn tho. Bo co iu tra ti nguyn vn ha vt th trong khu vc D n Thy in Trung Sn ti liu ha v cc cnh quan kho c, lch s v vn ha quan trng trong khu vc TSHPP. Mt s khu m, vng t thing v c vt s trc tip b nh hng bi d n v cc yu cu ti nh c. Cc pht hin ca bn Bo co tm tt cc phng php khai qut kh thi v ngh cc sng kin nghin cu tip theo ti cc im vn ha quan trng c chn la. Cc nghin cu ban u v Thu sn xc nh c mt lot cc c tnh sinh thi v cc loi thu sn quan trng sinh sng trn sng M. gii quyt s thiu hiu bit v sinh hc v sinh thi c bn trnh by trong bo co nh gi s b, bn K hoch pht trin thu sn cho D n thy in Trung Sn m bo rng cc quyt nh qun l s c thc hin vi nh hng bt li ti thiu n nhng c tnh sinh hc v sinh thi. Bo co cng tp trung vo phng php tng cng cc ngnh cng nghip thy sn thng qua li dng h thng h cha va c to ra. Bn nh gi tc ng ca D n thy in Trung Sn n C - a dng sinh hc v xut cc bin php gim nh nm 2008 bo co tm tt v nm vng khng gian ca mt h thng sng: thng ngun ca h cha; khu vc ngp nc; on sng gia p v nh my in; on sng gia nh my in v ni hp lu ca sng nhnh ln nht; v h ngun ca d n. Mi khu vc s gin tip v/hoc trc tip chu nh hng ca vic xy dng v hot ng ca con p. Bo co ny xc nh nhng nh hng ln v m t cc nh hng c th ca chng v cc tin trnh mi trng khc nhau. Cc Bo co Kt qu Kho st v Phn tch cc D liu a dng sinh hc v c v Thu sn minh ho s phong ph a dng cc loi thy sn trong khu vc d n TSHPP v m t vai tr kinh t ca c i vi ngi dn a phng hin ang sinh sng k bn sng M. Mc ch ca bo co l nh gi gi tr a dng sinh hc v c trong vng nh hng ca d n, c hai khu vc thng v h ngun ca con p, xc nh cc iu kin kinh t - x hi v tm quan trng ca hot ng nui trng thy sn vi ngi dn a phng. Cht m trong c ng mt vai tr quan trng i vi ch dinh dng ca ngi dn a phng; tuy nhin, li ch kinh t t cc nh bt c l kh thp v ph thuc vo tng v tr trn sng M. Bo co nh gi tc ng n sc khe v K hoch hnh ng Y t cng cng cho D n Thu in Trung Sn nh gi sc khe ca cc c nhn sng trong khu vc xut d n, khu ln tri v cc khu vc ln cn. K hoch hnh ng Y t cng cng (PHAP) lin kt m t cc chng trnh y t vng v ti nh c c trch nhim trong vic phng nga v gim nh tc ng bt li n sc khe. Bn bo co c hai mc ch: hon thnh vic chun b v xy dng d n thu in vi cht lng cao v p ng cc tiu chun y t quc t; v kt hp cc phng php tip cn khc nhau vo mt d n h tr s m bo i sng ngi dn b nh hng bi d n s n nh v c ci thin.

| P a g e 42

Bo co Nghin cu khi phc cc hot ng xy dng v ln cng nhn D n Thy in Trung Sn xc nh, phn tch v c tnh s lng, thnh phn v c tnh ca cht thi v cc tc ng lin quan n cht thi sn sinh ra. Bn bo co cng nu chi tit cc phng php gim thiu tc ng n mi trng v m t mt s chng trnh, k hoch v t chc thc thi nhm qun l hp l nhng hp phn ny. Mt Bo co v Qun l ln tri v Xy dng nh gi tc ng ca cc hot ng lin quan n xy dng v hot ng ca khong 4.000 cng nhn trong tri xy dng. Cc bin php gim nh c thit k gim thiu tc ng tim nng ln mi trng xung quanh v sinh k ca ngi dn a phng. K t khi bt u c TSHPP, hai t tham vn cng ng c thc hin v vng th ba hin ti ln k hoch. Mc ca cc tc ng tim nng c lin quan n d n khc nhau theo tng v tr ca h gia nh, c nhn, sinh k v mc thu nhp, gia nh, mng li cng ng v dn tc. S tham vn cho php cc c nhn b nh hng nu ln mi lo lng ca h v tham gia trong qu trnh ra quyt nh trnh nhng xung t tim n trong thc thi THSPP. Qu trnh tham vn hin nay ang din ra, tuy nhin, hai vng trc c ti liu ha trong bo co Kt qu tham kho kin cng chng i vi cc h gia nh b nh hng bi D n Thy in Trung Sn. K hoch Hnh ng Ti nh c cho vic Xy dng cc ng vo v c cng ca D n Thy in Trung Sn tho lun v nhng tc ng tim nng lin quan n vic xy dng ng vo Co Lng - Co Me v cu. K hoch ny da trn Lut t ai, Ngh nh s 197-N-CP v Chnh sch hot ng OP 4.12 ca Ngn hng Th gii gim thiu bt k tc ng tim n n ngi dn a phng v mi trng xung quanh. Bn Chng trnh ti nh c, sinh k v pht trin dn tc thiu s bao gm ba phn: K hoch ti nh c, trong xc nh x, thn yu cu phi di di; K hoch CLIP, x l cc tc ng thu hi t v xut thc hin cc chng trnh h tr; v cui cng, K hoch EMDP, m t phng php duy tr vn ha dn tc ca ngi dn sut trong giai on chuyn tip ti nh c.

| P a g e 43

2.
2.1

M t D n
Tng quan D n

D n Thy in Trung Sn (TSHPP) nhm vo mc tiu cung cp ngun in gi r h tr cho s pht trin kinh t cao hn na ca Vit Nam v nng cao mc sng thng qua vic pht trin mang tnh bn vng v mi trng v trch nhim x hi ca cc ngun thy in. D kin ca D n Thy in Trung Sn l pht trin thy in quy m trung bnh phc v nh l mt c s thc tin tt trong lnh vc nng lng Vit Nam. D n Thy in Trung Sn s c xy dng vi cng sut 260MW, vi tng lng pht in trung bnh hng nm l 1018.6 GWh c s dng cho vic cung cp in cho in li quc gia. D n cng gp phn kim sot l khu vc h lu ca h cha vi dung tch ln n 112.1 triu m3. TSHPP s cung cp mt ngun nng lng trn c s khng cc-bon m c th gip gim pht thi kh nh kinh GHG (PECC 4, 2008a). D n thy in Trung Sn s bao gm mt con p c chiu cao ln nht l 84,5 m, chiu di nh p l 513 m. p s gp phn hnh thnh h cha dung tch 348.5 triu m3, vi mc nc dng cao nht (FSL) l 160m v mc nc cht (MOL) l 150m. Din tch mt h ng vi mc nc dng bnh thng l 13,13km2 (PECC4, 2008a). Khu vc d kin b ngp ch yu l t rng (Ngn hng Th gii, 2007). Bn cnh p, D n cn c cc cng trnh dn dng khc bao gm 20.4 km ng t Co Lng (Mai Chu, tnh Ha Bnh) ti Co Me (Trung Son, Thanh Ha), ln tri cng trnh xy dng v cc m vt liu mn (PECC4, 2008a). c tnh c 1.691 h gia nh (7546 nhn khu) s chu nh hng trc tip bi cc hng mc ca d n chnh, phn a trong s h l dn tc Thi v dn tc Mng; Ngi Mng chim ti 90% tng s ngi b nh hng (DRCC, 2008a). Trong , tuyn ng t Co Lng ti Co Me s nh hng ti 486 h gia nh (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Mt k hoch ti nh c v pht trin sinh k (RLDP) bao gm mt K hoch Ti nh c (RP), K hoch Ci thin Sinh k cng ng (CLIP) v mt K hoch Pht trin dn tc thiu s (EMDP) s c hon chnh gii quyt cc tc ng cng ng v x hi ca d n. . Cc vn chnh v mi trng ca d n lin quan ti cc tc ng ln cht lng ngun nc, thy vn, sc khe, c v ngh c; tc ng ca ln tri cng trnh xy dng; tc ng ca cc cng trnh ph tr bao gm ng vo v m vt liu mn; v tc ng gin tip ln cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin v a dng sinh hc ca vng, bao gm ba khu vc bo tn t nhin lin k (Ngn hng th gii, 2007). Tng chi ph ca d n c tnh l 386 triu la M (USD), trong c 24.6 triu la M c phn b cho mc ch bi thng v ti nh c, hai triu USD cho pht trin sinh k v khong hai triu USD thc thi K hoch Qun l Mi trng. Tp on in lc Vit Nam ngh Ngn hng Th gii u t 330 triu USD.

2.2

V tr d n

D n thy in Trung Sn nm trn sng M, cch khong 0.7km v h ngun ni hp lu sui Quang v sng M, nm ti x Trung Sn, huyn Quan Ho, Tnh Thanh Ho, Vit Nam (Bn 2-1 v Bn 2-2). Cng trnh chnh ca d n cch th x Ha Bnh 95km v pha Ty Nam v cch thnh ph Thanh Ho khong 195km v pha Ty Bc. ui lng h cch bin

| P a g e 44

gii Vit Lo khong 9.5km (Bn 2-3). Ta a l cng trnh trng im ca d n l X= 2 279 739.48 v Y = 482 791.16 (VN2000) (PECC4, 2008a). D n ng ti vng gn ba Khu bo v, Khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha, Pu Hu v Hang Kia Pa Co. (Ngn hng Th gii, 2007).

2.3

Vng d n

Khu vc d n chnh bao gm bn x ca tnh Thanh Ha v hai x ti tnh Sn La (Bn 21) nh c hin th trang sau. Ti tnh Thanh Ho, vng ngp nc ca h cha trn sng M s nh hng n x Trung Sn, ni cc cng trnh u mi ca d n s c xy dng, x Mng L, Trung L v x Tam Lng v khu vc ngp nc s ko di n Th x Mng Lt. Ti tnh Sn La, vng ngp nc ca h cha v cc cng trnh ph tr trn sng M s nh hng n cc x Tn Xun v Xun Nha Mc Chu. Cc tnh Thanh Ha v Ha Bnh cng s b nh hng bi ng vo v cc ng ti in ca d n (Tercia Consultants, 2009).

| P a g e 45

Source: ITUEC, 2008b

Bn 2-1: Vng d n

| P a g e 46

Source: ITUEC, 2008b

Bn 2-2: Quy hoch Cng trng d n

| P a g e 47

Bn 2-3: V tr d n Vit Nam

2.4

Phm vi d n

D n TSHPP s bao gm vic xy dng mt p chnh to nn mt h cha, p trn, ca nhn nc, ng ng d nc, nh my in, v knh x (Bng 2-2). D n cng c cng trnh dn dng s dng trong sut qu trnh xy dng, h thng ng ti in, bao gm mt ng dy 35 KV (Ki-l-vn) c xy dng dc theo ng vo phc v cng trng ca d n, mt ng dy 220kV t d n n ng dy truyn ti 220kV Ha Bnh Nho Quan; vt liu xy dng hoc cc m vt liu tm (t, v ct/si), cc cng trnh ph tr (khu ln tri cng nhn, nh iu hnh, nh kho, khu vc ph thi), tuyn ng Co Lng Co Me v khu vc ti nh c (PECC4, 2008a). Tham kho Hnh 2-1 trnh by v k hoch ca D n TSHPP.

| P a g e 48

Bng 2-1: Cc Thng s k thut chnh ca TSHPP

Hng mc

S lng L u v c Din tch lu vc (Fn) 14660 Lng ma trung bnh 1420 nm (X0) Lu lng trung bnh 235 nm (Q0) Tng lng dng chy 7411 nm (W0) H cha Mc nc dng bnh 160 thng (NRWL) Mc nc cht, mc 150 nc trc l Dung tch ng vi 348.5 Mc nc dng bnh thng NRWL Dung tch ng vi 236.4 mc nc cht (Wbt) Dung tch hu ch, 112 ngn l (Wpl) Din tch mt h ng 13.13 vi NRWL Lu lng nh l ng 13400 vi tn sut P=0.1% Lu lng nh l ng 10400 vi tn sut P=0.5% Lu lng nh l ng 9100 vi tn sut P=1%
Ngun: PECC4, 2008a

n v km2 mm m3/s million m3 m m triu m3 triu m3 million m3 km2 m3/s m3/s m3/s

Hng mc p chnh Cao trnh nh p Chiu di theo nh (Lc) Chiu cao ti a Chiu rng nh p (b) Mi dc thng lu (m) Mi dc h lu (m) p trn kiu Ophixerop Cao trnh ngng trn S khoang trn Khu trn (BxH) Kch thc ca van cung (BxH) Lu lng x l thit k P=0.5% Lu lng x l kim tra P=0.1% Knh x Chiu di knh x (L)

S lng 162.8 513.0 84.5 8.0 0.35 0.65

n v m m m m

145.0 6 14x15 14x15.5 9900 12534.0 80.0

m m m3/s m3/s m

p trn c thit k nh mt phn ca p chnh v bao gm 6 khoang trn khc nhau, c kt cu b tng ct thp gn vi van. Tiu nng c thit k kiu mi phng (PECC4, 2008a). Bn t my pht in trc ng Francis thy lc vi tng cng sut l 260MW. Cng s c bn my pht in tng ng vi bn t my vi mt in p ban u l 13,8 kV (PECC4, 2008b) cng nh cc thit b iu khin v thit b ph (PECC4, 2008a), mt trm phn phi in 220 kV v ng dy (PECC4, 2009). Trm phn phi s nm pha bc ca gian my cao 164 m c kch thc l 147 mx 66 m. ng dy in mch kp 220kV di xp x 70km c u ni t trm phn phi in ca nh my thy in Trung Sn n ng dy 220kV Ha Bnh Nho Quang. (PECC4, 2005).

| P a g e 49

Hnh 2-1: S d n TSHPP

2.5

Cc hng mc ph tr

Cc hng mc ph tr ca D n Thy in Trung Sn gm c ng vo, cc tuyn ng thi cng ph tr, ln tri cng nhn, cc m vt liu mn; tt c nhng hng mc ny ch c s dng trong giai on thi cng. Ngoi tr cc hng mc c s dng trong sut giai on vn hnh d n, cc hng mc ph tr s c xy dng v c xem nh l cc cng trnh tm thi (PECC4, 2008). S c hai loi nh c xy dng ti khu vc cng trng. Kiu nh 1 c khung thp xy bng gch v mi tn v nn xi mng s c s dng lm nh iu hnh. Kiu nh 2 c khung thp v mi tn, s c s dng vi 2 mc ch khc nhau: Lm kho kn: tng xy bng gch, nn lng va xi mng v lp tn. Loi kho ny s c s dng cha cc vt liu v thit b c gi tr d b nh hng bi nhit v m; Nh kho, s dng bo qun vt liu hoc thit b d b nh hng bi m v nh sng mt tri nhng khng b nh hng bi nhit ; v Kho h c nn hn hp dm m ln c s dng cha cc vt liu khng b nh hng bi nhit v thi tit (PECC4, 2008).

2.5.1 ng vo Co Luong n Co Me
Tuyn ng ni t bn Co Me (X Trung Sn, Quan Ha, Thanh Ha) n Quc l 15A (NR15A) ti lng Co Lng (X Vn Mai, Quan Ha, Thanh Ha) c lp k hoch xy

| P a g e 50

dng. Tuyn ng di khong 20.4 km v rng 6.5 m, trong mt ng lng nha rng 5,5m. C 7 cy cu v 101 cng s c dy dng dc theo tuyn ng vo (bng 2-2) Hin ti c tuyn ng t Co Lng n Co Me nhng ng un khc quanh co v bi bn (IESE, 2008)

Source: ITUEC, 2008a

nh 2-1: Tuyn ng hin c Bng 2-2: Chi tit v cu trn ng vo Co Luong n Co Me Cu Co Luong Sng Quyen Sng Cai Sng Pu Sng Po Sng Pao Co Me Nhip 4 1 1 3 1 1 8 di nhp (m) Tng chiu di (m) 33 132 33 33 24 33 33 33 33 33 72 33 33 264

2.5.2 Cc tuyn ng khu vc thi cng

Da vo cc iu kin t nhin, vic b tr cc hng mc d n v cc yu cu vn chuyn, h thng ng phc v vic thi cng d n s c tng chiu di 13.4km, rng 6.5m (9,0m) trong mt ng rng 5.5m (7,0m) (xem

| P a g e 51

Bng 2-3). Khong 3 km ca cc tuyn ng ny cng s nm trong h thng ng vn hnh sau ny (PECC4, 2008a).

Bng 2-3: Mng li ng giao thng

Tn ng Tuyn ng vn hnh 1 Tuyn ng vn hnh 2 Tuyn ng thi cng Mc ch Thi cng p chnh, p trn v ca nhn nc Thi cng gian my Tuyn ng s dng cho khai thc, h tng ph tr, khu vc ph thi, bi tr v cc mc ch khc Chiu di (km) 2.1 0.9 10.4 Chiu Lt mt rng (m) 6.5 Pha 1 5,0 m dm Pha 2 5,5 m dm 6.5 5,5 m dm 6.5, 9,0 5,5 m dm (t hn hp)

Ngun: PECC4, 2008a

2.5.3 Ln tri thi cng

Ln tri cho cng nhn xy dng, nh thu, thnh vin ban qun l d n v thnh vin i k s s c xy dng trn cng trng (Bng 2-4). Ba trong s nhng ln tri ny s c s dng nh vn phng lm vic trong sut qu trnh thi cng v vn hnh d n (Bng 2-4 v nh 2-2) (ITUEC, 2008a).

Bng 2-4: Ln tri Cng trng

Khu vc ln tri Ch n cho cng nhn Ch n v vn phng cho nh thu Ch n v vn phng cho ban qun l d n Ch n v vn phng cho i K s
Ngun: ITUEC, 2008a

Kiu Tm thi C nh C nh C nh

S ngi (xp x) 3360 390 50 50

Ln tri xy dng quan trng nht l ln tri dnh cho cng nhn thi cng, nhm cung cp ni n chn cho khong 3360 cng nhn trong sut giai on thi cng d n. Mt ln tri ca nh thu s cung cp ch cho 390 ngi (ITUEC, 2008a).

| P a g e 52

Ngun: ITUEC, 2008a.

nh 2-2: Khu vc c thit k lm Ln Cng nhn Xy dng

2.5.4

H thng cung cp nc

Nc mt s l ngun nc dng cho sinh hot ti khu vc cng trng. Nc ung s s dng ngun nc ngm khai thc thng qua h thng ging khoan. Nhu cu nc dng cho sinh hot c tnh khong 487 m3/ngy (xem Bng 2-). Nc dng cho cc mc ch thi cng s c ly t cc con sui cnh v/hoc s c bm t sng ln. Nhu cu nc cho thi cng d tnh khong 1100 m3/ngy (Chi v Garcia, 2008).

Bng 2-5: H thng cp nc

Nm xy dng S lng ngi Nhu cu vcung cp nc ni a (m3/ngy) S dng cho ln tri 1 (6 thng) 2 3 4 5 (10 thng)
Ngun: PECC4, 2008a

S dng Xy dng 18.5 40.3 31.4 28.3 14.8

S dung khc 20.35 44.33 34.54 31.13 16.28

Tng s

1850 4030 3140 2830 1480

185 403 314 283 148

223.85 487.63 379.94 342.43 179.08

2.5.5

Vt liu xy dng

Vt liu xy dng c khai thc t nhin s dng cho d n c ly t mt lot cc m v m vt liu tm. M ny c tr lng 8 triu m3 v nm b tri sng M, nm cch tuyn cng trnh khong 8 km v pha thng lu v nm pha trn mc nc ca h cha. Hin ti khng c ng vo cc khu m pha bc b sng M v ng vo khu m pha

| P a g e 53

b nam trong tnh trng rt xu. ti cc khu m c cht lng tt v nm di mt lp ph mng c th s dng lm b tng v lm vt liu cho p b tng m ln (RCC). C 3 m ct/si gn khu vc d n vi tr lng khong 225,000 m3 trong si chim khong 34,250 m3 . C th vo m bng cc tuyn ng hin c. Trong s 3 m ny, m x Thanh Xun c cht lng tt v gn khu vc d n nht. C mt m t c kho st pha b phi sng M, nm cch tuyn cng trnh khong 10km v pha h lu vi tr lng khong 4 triu m3. M t c nh gi c cht lng tt; tuy nhin, m xa tuyn cng trnh do s kh khn cho vic vn chuyn vt liu n cng trng d n (PECC4, 2008a).

2.5.6

Vn chuyn thit b v Vt liu ti khu vc d n

D n nm khu vc min ni, chnh v th m vic vn chuyn cc thit b v vt liu ban u s thng qua cc tuyn ng hin c v cc tuyn ng mi cp trong phn 2.5.1 v 2.5.2. Cc vt liu xy dng khc nh st v xi mng s c chuyn t Ha Bnh ti khu vc d n (PECC4, 2008a).

2.6

Tin thi cng

Cc hot ng ca d n s c thc hin trong khong thi gian hn 5 nm, bao gm mt (01) nm chun b v bn (04) nm thi cng cc cng trnh chnh (Bng 2-6). Vic khi ng d n d kin s bt u vo Qu IV nm 2010, t my u tin s hon thnh vo 2014 v d n hi vng hon thnh thi cng vo nm 2015. Qu trnh ti nh c s hon thnh vo nm 2011.

Bng 2-6: Tin Thi cng

Hot ng Chun b Thi cng ng vo H thng cp nc / in Nh v ln tri cho cng nhn Qu trnh ti nh c o mng p Thi cng o mng nn nh my in ng ng dn nc v ca ly nc Cng dn dng Bt u ngn sng Thi cng b tng ct thp RCC p chnh Thi cng b tng cng trnh ti ng ng dn nc Thi cng b tng ti p trn v p chnh Lp t ca van p trn b tng knh x Lp t thit b c kh thy cng ng cng dn dng tch nc h cha Lp t thit b p trn Kim tra ton din X dn dng D n vo giai on vn hnh
Ngun: PECC4, 2008a

1 X X X X X X

Nm 3

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

| P a g e 54

2.7

S dng nhn lc

Vic s dng ngun nhn lc d tnh trong sut giai on thi cng d n c trnh by Bng 2-7. Lu c bit quan trng l d tnh s nhn cng c bn cha k thi gian lm thm, l tt Con s c tnh ny s ch c s dng cho mc ch nh gi tc ng ca mi trng.

Bng 2-7: Lc lng cng nhn xy dng mi nm Nm

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Ngun: PECC4, 2005

S lng nhn cng

368 3750 3225 3263 1697 163

Ngy cng
134320 1368750 1177125 1190995 619405 59495

2.8

Vn hnh H cha

2.8.1 Kim sot l

Vic gim thiu nguy c l h lu khu vc p Trung Sn trong khong thi gian 1000 nm ph thuc vo vic vn hnh h cha v c lin quan n iu kin kh hu ton khu vc. Vi nhng bin i kh hu kh khc bit gia hai ma ma v ma kh khu vc Trung Sn, r rng l vn hnh h cha cn tch nc trong ma ma v x nc vo ma kh (MoIT), 2008). Dng chy khu vc h lu ca d n gim do khi bc vo giai on ma kh cc dng chy ph thuc nhiu vo ngun cung nc trong t nhin (tc l lng ma nh ma ro). (PECC4, 2009). phc v cho mc ch vn hnh, cc giai on l sau c xem xt c tnh n dung tch phng l khong 150 triu m3, trong gn 75% l dung tch phng l thng xuyn: Giai on u, t u thng 6 cho n trung tun thng 7; Giai on chnh, t trung tun thng 7 n trung tun thng 9 v Giai on cui, t trung tun thng 9 n trung tun thng 11.

T giai on u cho ti giai on cui ma l, nc trong h cha phi duy tr cao trnh FSL (160m), cho d l ch t c vo thi im nh l. Trong nhng trng hp c th, da vo cc d bo l, h cha phi c d tr nc mc 150m, theo mc nc gii hn theo ng cong quy nh (hnh 2-2) (MoIT, 2008).

| P a g e 55

Ghi ch: Din tch (F(km2) ng mu xamnh) v cng sut (W(106m3) ng mu hng) vs. depth (Z(m)) Source: Phong, 2008

Hnh 2-2: Cc c im lng h cha thy in Trung Sn

Trong sut giai on l chnh, mc nc trong h khng c nm di cao trnh phng l thng xuyn (150m), mc d trong mt s trng hp c th thp bng cao trnh phng l ti a (145m). Nu d bo cho thy l dng khu vc h ngun, v mc nc trong h cha t v thm ch vt mc nc kim tra (161.7m), s phi x p trn. Khi t c mc nc kim tra, phi m ht cc ca v ng ng dn nc. Theo nh quy trnh vn hnh h cha, kh nng x ca p trn v m ca cc ca van phi c xc nh theo cc ti liu thit k. Kh nng x ca p trn, tn sut m, m ca cc ca phi c iu chnh da trn kt qu th nghim m hnh thy lc v hot ng thc t (Hnh 2-3) (MoIT, 2008). Nhng m phng m hnh cho thy vic thi cng d n Thy in Trung Sn v tr xut s tng dng chy trong ma kh v do s gim dng chy trong ma ma.

| P a g e 56

Ngun: MoIt, 2008

Hnh 2-3: (Z(m)) Mi quan h gia vic x nc (Q(m/s)) v mc nc h lu D n Thy in Trung Sn (Z(m))
Quy trnh vn hnh h cha D n thy in Trung Sn cho vic kim sot l ch ra rng nhim v ny i hi phi c s iu phi ca Ban ch huy phng chng bo, l v cu nn tnh Thanh Ha. Cc yu cu v dng chy vt qu quy tc vn hnh nu trong trong Quy trnh (MoIT - B Cng Thng, 2005) v phn tng hp nu pha trn, c quan c lin quan s phi trnh kin ngh ln y ban Nhn dn tnh Thanh Ha v ban qun l d n thy in Trung Sn xem xt v ph duyt (MoIT, 2008). Do dng chy t cc nhnh sng pha h lu trong khong 45km n Ng Ba sng Lung l rt nh, cn phi x b dng chy mi trng trong sut cc ma kh nht ca nm cho khu vc ny. Lu lng dng chy m bo dng chy mi trng d kin khong 15 m3 (PECC4, 2009).

2.8.2

Sn xut in nng

Nh my thy in s c lp t 4 t my vi tuabin trc ng Francis PO c tng lu lng qua nh my l 510m3/s. Cng sut lp my 260 MW s to ra tng sn lng in hng nm l 1018.6 triu KWh, dung tichs hu ch ca h cha (phn dung tch nm gia mc nc dng bnh thng v mc nc cht ) l 112 triu m3; dung tch ny chim 1.5% tng lng dng chy hng nm. iu tit lng nc trong h cha v tng lng nc s dng pht in c tnh ton theo thng ng vi biu quy nh trong vn hnh h cha thy in Trung Sn (Hnh 2-4) (PECC, 2009).

| P a g e 57

Lu : HCCN: mc nc ti gii hn cp nc; PPH: mc nc trong trng hp phng l; CXT: mc nc trong trng hp kim sot x tha Ngun: Chuyn th t Phong, 2008

Hnh 2-4: Biu iu tit Vn hnh H cha TSHPP

| P a g e 58

3.

Phn tch cc phng n thay th

Mt s gii php thay th c xem xt trong nghin cu tin kh thi v kh thi ca TSHPP. Sau y tm tt cc phn tch sau quyt nh ny.

3.1

Trng hp khng c d n

Mc ch chnh ca d n l p ng nhu cu in ang pht trin ca Vit Nam. Nhu cu ph ti nh c d bo s tng trng t khong 15.000 MW vo gia nm 2015 v 2020. Nhu cu in ca Vit Nam s tip tc tng nh l kt qu thit yu ca s tng trng v pht trin kinh t t nc. Tn tht trong truyn ti v phn phi in ti Vit Nam tng i thp so vi nhiu nc lng ging Nam v vic tng hiu sut s dng d kin s gim bt tn tht in hn na, t mc hin nay l 11% xung 9%. Tuy nhin, nhng ci tin v hiu sut t pha ngun cung cp s khng p ng nhu cu (Meier, 2009). gip p ng nhu cu ny, Vit Nam ang c k hoch tng cng sut pht in t thu in. TSHPP l mt d n ca chin lc pht trin quc gia trong bao gm vic pht trin cc ngun ti nguyn nc cn li ca Vit Nam trong thi gian ngn n trung hn gim p lc v ngun d tr kh t t nhin v than cn li (Meier, 2009). Ti Vit Nam, gii php thay th kh d nht cho cc d n thu in l cc d n chu trnh kt hp kh t t nhin. Gii php thay th ny th hin t hiu qu hn so vi cc d n thy in v s dn n tng ng k lng pht thi kh nh knh. V kinh t, khi chi ph gim thiu tc ng x hi v gi tr ca rng b mt trong cc h cha cng nh lng pht thi kh nh knh t h cha c a vo tnh ton, th chin lc pht trin thu in l hp l (Meier, 2009). TSHPP l mt trong nhiu d n thy in c ln k hoch Vit Nam. Trong s cc d n c nh gi, kt qu phn tch ca Meier (2009) cho thy TSHPP l mt trong nhng d n tt nht v gi thnh in v chi ph vn u t cng nh tc ng tim nng ca n n mi trng, bao gm mt rng v vic di dn. Nu khng c d n ny, Vit Nam c kh nng phi p ng nhu cu nng lng trong nc vi chi ph kinh t, mi trng v x hi cao hn. Ngoi nhng li ch ny, d n cng s cung cp mt phng tin quan trng v kim sot l lt bi khu vc ny hin cha c phng tin kim sot l lt. Nu khng c d n, khu vc ny s khng c mt h cha nc bo m cho ti tiu trong ma kh hoc gim thiu l lt ti cc lu vc trn sng M (PECC4, 2008a).

3.2

Cc phng n k thut khi c D n

V tr d n ban u cho TSHPP Bn Un, cch khong 10 km v h lu ca v tr d n hin nay,v tr ny b loi b v cc l do k thut, kinh t, x hi v mi trng. V tr hin nay ca d n Thy in Trung Sn c tin c v n gy ra nhng tc ng mi trng v x hi t hn so vi nhng phng n u t khc v em li nhiu li sut u t cng nh hiu qu cao hn. C hai d n khc c ln k hoch thng ngun TSHPP tnh Sn La cn c xem xt bi Ban qun l d n (PMB).

3.2.1 i hng Thi cng/ng dy in

Nhiu phng n cho v tr tuyn p c nghin cu trong cc nghin cu tin kh thi v kh thi cho d n, trong , tm ra bn phng n chn v tr tuyn p c tnh kh thi. Cc

| P a g e 59

v tr tuyn p ny rt gn nhau, khng c nhiu s khc nhau ng k v cc tc ng x hi. Phng n 4A c chn v n gim c cc tc ng h cha v h lu (PECC4, 2008a). Bn v tr tuyn p c nghin cu l V tr p I, II, III, v IV, vi V tr p IV c la chn lm phng n ti u nht (Bng 3-1). Trong sut giai on thit k c bn, V tr p IV v ng ti in 4A c nghin cu v pht trin. V Tr p III, cch V tr p IV 2km, cng c kim tra trong giai on ny. V tr p IV c chn la v ri ro r r nc qua h cha thp v bi s b tr cc hp phn d n trong gii php 4A khng cn o hm (PECC4, 2008a).

Bng 3-1: c im v cc phng n tuyn nng lng v kt cu

p
V tr p III III IV IV IV Phng n Kt cu p V tr p Tuyn nng lng Tuyn nng chnh trn lng PA3 RCC lng sng Tuyn 3, b tri ca Sng M PA3A PA4 PA4B PA4A RCC bn mt bn mt RCC lng sng Pha b tri Pha b tri Lng sng Tuyn 3, b tri ca Sng M Pha b tri Pha b tri Pha b tri

Phng n la chn c ch ra trong trong trong phn in m

Cc nghin cu chi tit ch ra rng phng n la chn ti u nht l Phng n p IV, tuyn nng lng PA4A, p RCC, p trn y sng v Tuyn nng lng c t b pha bc ca dng sng, vi mt nh my thu in loi-m c t b pha bc ca dng sng ng sau tuyn p (PECC4, 2008a).

3.2.2 La chn Mc nc dng bnh thng

Hai v tr tuyn p b sung c xem xt cho D n TSHPP: Ti chn p v xui xung h lu. C hai phng n thay th ny u t kh thi v mt kinh t so vi phng n 4A cp trn. Phng n ny c thi gian thi cng ngn hn c th s gim c tc ng mi trng. (PECC4, 2008a). Nm phng n Mc nc dng bnh thng (FSL) c xem xt: FSL 156, 158, 160, 164 v 165 m. Khi so snh vi FSL 165 m, FSL 160 m c kh nng to ra c cc iu kin tt hn cho vic sn xut ngh c t nhin trong h cha, trong khi hn ch c cc tc ng h lu v m bo an ton p v h sinh thi bin gii Vit-Lo. Bn trong nm phng n FSL 156, 158, 160 v164, c phn tch v mt vin cnh kinh t. Vic iu tra thit hi v cc tnh ton cho thy rng FSL 160 m c kh nng t gy hi hn i vi t ai v ngi dn ti nh c v gim c cc tc ng v mt mi trng v x hi. (Chi v Garcia, 2008).

3.2.3 La chn Cng sut Lp my v Quy trnh Kim sot L

Cc phng n thay th khi khng c kim sot l v khi c kim sot l vi dung tch 112 000.000 m3; 150.000.000 m3 v 200.000.000 m3 c tnh ton. Mt phn tch kinh t

| P a g e 60

 c thc hin s dng cc ch s sau: NPV, IRR, v B/C. Cc k qu ca vic phn tch ny ch ra rng phng n ti u nht l 260 MW cng sut lp my v dung tch kim sot l l 112 .000.000 m3. Nhiu phng n c xem xt v s lng t my ti u c lp t. Khi so snh vic lp hai, ba hoc nm t my th lp t bn t my c kh nng t c mc tiu kinh t cho D n cao nht. Vic phn tch cc phng n v Mc nc cht (DWL) gia 156m v 150 m cho thy rng vic vn hnh h cha ti mc nc dng y FSL 160m v MOL 150 m c kh nng c gi tr kinh t tt nht v gim c cc tc ng mi trng (PECC4, 2008a). Cc c im cng ngh v cc thng s k thut ca cc thit b cho phng n c la chn, vi dung tch phng l l 112.000.000 m3, c trnh by trong bng bn di nh sau (Bng 3-2).

Bng 3-2: Cc c im ca phng n la chn

Thng s / c tnh FSL MOL Chiu cao ct nc max (Hmax) Chiu cao ct nc min (Hmin) Chiu cao mc trung bnh (Htb) Chiu cao thit k(Htt) Cng sut lp my S - loi tua bin (NT) Hiu sut tuc bin tng ng vi Htt and Nt* Lu lng qua tuc 1 bin in lng trung bnh hng nm NPV IRR B/C Gi thnh in sn xut Thi gian hon vn
NT: S lng Tuc bin

Gi tr 160 150 71,1 54,2 62,79 56,5 260 4 92,67 127 1.018,6 425.9400.000.000 12,2 1,10 711,2 21

n v m m m m m m MW Francis, trc ng % m3/s GWh VND % $/kWh nm

Ngun: Chuyn th t Meter, 2009.

| P a g e 61

4.

Thng tin c s v Mi trng

Phn di y m t theo cch tng qut, cc thng tin c bn v mi trng ca khu vc Trung Sn da trn nh gi tc ng mi trng (EIA) c sn ca d n (PECC4, 2008) v c b sung t cc nghin cu c bn b sung, v cc bo co mi trng khc c lp cho Ban qun l d n TSHPP.

4.1
4.1.1

Cht lng khng kh v Ting n

Cht lng khng kh

Vng d n nm trong khu vc min ni Tnh Thanh ho. Ngi dn a phng phn ln l cc dn tc thiu s, sinh k ca ngi dn ph thuc phn ln vo nng nghip v lm nghip. nh gi cht lng khng kh khu vc d n, PECC4 v Trung Tm Nghin cu v Pht trin Cng ng thc hin cc kho st v thu thp cc mu khng kh vo thng 8, 2007. Cc kt qu ny c so snh vi tiu chun cht lng khng kh ca Vit Nam (Tiu chun Vit Nam 5937:2005), v cho thy cht lng khng kh ca cc khu vc d n mc gii hn cho php. Cc thng tin c trnh by trong Bng 4-1 (PECC4, 2008a). S khng c mt ca cc ngnh cng nghip v cc phng tin vn ti l l do ca lng kh thi thp trong khu vc d n. Vic ly mu c hn ch v a im v c tin hnh ch trong cui ma h (ma ma). Tuy nhin, phi lu rng cc nghin cu t My cm bin Hnh nh Phn gii iu tit (MODIS) ch ra rng nhn t nhim khi c th tr li do n i qua ng Nam Trung Quc n Vit Nam. Nguyn nhn ny l do vic t ph rng th sinh v lm t ma v vo ma ng Trung Quc.

Bng 4-1: Cht lng khng kh khu vc d n

V tr ly mu
1 Bng Chieng Nam 2 Lng Co Me

Bi (mg/m3)
0.097 0.088 0.114 0.114 0.138 0.20

Th ht (mg/m3)
0.070 0.061 0.083 0.083 0.100 0.15

Ch (Pb) (mg/m3)
0.00068 0.00062 0.00091 0.00091 0.00091 0.0015

NO2 (mg/m3)
0.002121 0.001937 0.001895 0.001895 0.003828 0.20

CO SO2 (mg/m3) (mg/m3)

0.298948 0.011156 0.363936 0.010527 0.489310 0.010678 0.489310 0.010678 2.598459 0.017143 30 0.35

3 Ban Tao (Trng hc) 4 Cu Na Chieng 5 Lng Co Luong 6 TCVN 5937:2005

Ngun: Trung Tm Nghin cu Mi trng v Pht trin Cng ng, 2007

4.1.2 Ting n
Da trn cc kho st trc y, mc n trong khu vc D n nm trong cc gii hn cho php so vi cc tiu chun ca Vit Nam (TCVN 5949: 1998) (PECC4, 2008a). Mt cuc kho st v ting n c thc hin trong cc a im sau y ca d n: bn Ching Nam, bn Co Me, Ban Tao (trng), cu Chieng v bn Co Lng (Bng 4-2).

| P a g e 62

Bng 4-2: Mc n trong Vng D n

V tr ly mu 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lng Chieng Nam Lng Co Me Ban Tao (trng hc) Cu Chieng Na Lng Co Luong TCVN 5949-1998 n (dBA) 29.8 30.4 45.9 45.9 59.0 75

Ngun: Chi v Garcia, 2008

4.2

Kh hu

Kh hu ca Vit Nam mi vng min u khc nhau do c s khc nhau v v v khu vc a hnh. Trong sut ma ng (hoc ma kh), ko di sut t thng 11 n thng 4, gi ma thng thi t pha ng nam dc b bin Trung Quc v qua vnh Thi lan, mang n hi m ng k. Ni chung, ma ng hu ht cc min Vit Nam u kh, ch so vi ma ma v ma h. Tng 14 trm thy vn c quan trc nh gi cc iu kin kh tng thu vn khu vc d n (PECC4, 2008a). Bng 4-3 cung cp mt danh sch cc trm quan trc, cc thng s k thut c ghi li v thi gian quan trc lu vc sng M.

| P a g e 63

Bng 4-3: Danh sch cc trm kh tng v Cc thng s c ghi li

Station 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Tun Gio in Bin Sn La Sng M Mc Chu Mai Chu Lc Sn Hi Xun Nho Quan Yn nh Bi Thng Nh Xun Tnh Gia Thanh Ho Thng s Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Lng ma, bc hi, nhit v gi Thi k 1961-2007 1959-2007 1961- 2007 1962-2007 1961-2007 1961-2007 1961-2007 1956-2007 1961-2007 1965-2007 1961-2007 1964-2007 1964-2007 1955-2007

Ngun: PECC4, 2008a.

4.2.1 Nhit
Nhit trung bnh trn lu vc sng M hng nm kh cao. Bng 4-4 th hin c nhit trung bnh hng nm ( C) c ghi li 14 trm thy vn Lu vc sng M. S khc nhau phn nh cc c im a hnh v cc v tr v mt cao trnh.

Bng 4-4: Nhit trung bnh hng nm (0C) Lu vc Sng M

Trm Nhit o C Tun Gio 20.9 in Bin 21.9 Sn La 21 Sng M 22.3 M c Chu 18.5 Mai Chu 23.2 Lc Sn 23.2 Hi Xun 23.1 Nho Quan 23.4 Yn nh 23.4 Bi Th ng 23.4 Nh Xun 23.4 Tnh Gia 23.6 Thanh Ho 23.6

Ngun: PECC4, 2005

4.2.2 Lng ma
Lng ma hng nm l kh ln vi lng gi ln t pha Min Nam v ng Nam sut t cc thng Nm n Thng Mi hai. Tuy nhin, Lu vc Sng M, ni m D n Thu in Trung Sn s c xy dng, lng ma khc nhau theo tng vng t 1.165 mm Sng M n 1.984 mm Lc Sn. Bng 4-5 trnh by lng ma lu vc sng M c ghi li 10 trm thu vn (1961-2007).

Bng 4-5: Lng ma trung bnh hng nm (mm) Lu vc Sng M

Trm kh tng Lng ma (mm) Tun Gio 1.597 in Bin 1.538 Sn La 1.443 Sng M 1.165 M c Chu 1.628 Mai Chu 1.760 Lc Sn 1.984 Hi Xun 1.525 Nho Quan 1.253 Yn nh 1.210 Bi Thng 1.788 Nh Xun 1.914 Tnh Gia 1.535 Thanh Ho 1.966

Ngun: Chuyn th t Chi v Garcia-Lozano, 2008

| P a g e 64

Lng ma trung bnh hng nm khu vc d n khong 1.380 mm, trong 80% lng ma xut hin trong sut ma go ma (thng 5 n thng 9). Hnh 4-1 trnh by lng ma bnh qun hng thng khu vc D n (PECC4, 2008).

Ngun:Chuyn th t PECC4, 2008a

Hnh 4-1: Lng ma bnh qun hng thng khu vc Nh my thu in Trung Sn (mm) 4.2.3 Gi
C hai yu t nh hng n c tnh ca gi lu vc sng M: gi ty nam vo ma h thi t Vnh Bengal lm tng t trng nc bc hi to thnh nhng cn ma ma nhit i; v s c mt ca hai dy ni song song bao quanh lu vc sng M phn no chn lung khng kh thi vo t pha ty nam vo ma h hoc t pha bc vo ma ng. Bng 4-6 th hin tc gi trung bnh nm (m/s) lu vc sng M (PECC4, 2008). Nhng khc bit v khng gian v mt tc gi khng cho thy nhiu bin i: bnh qun, gi tr thp nht tng ng vi Tun Gio (0,7 m/s) v gi tr cao nht tng ng vi Mc Chu (2m/s).

Bng 4-6: Tc gi bnh qun nm (m/s) lu vc sng M

Trm kh tng Tun Gio in Bin Sn La Sng M M c Chu Mai Chu Lc Sn Hi Xun Nho Quan Yn nh Bi Thng Nh Xun Tnh Gia Thanh Ho

Gi (m/s)

0.7

0.9

1.1

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.5

1.8

1.5

1.3

1.5

1.9

1.8

Ngun: PECC4, 2005

4.2.4 m
m lu vc sng M c coi l cao trong sut c nm. Bng 4-7 cho thy m tng dn theo hng cc vng thp hn ca lu vc, v m vo ma h cao hn vo ma ng. m bnh qun nm trong vng d nm trong khong 84-89 % (PECC4, 2008).

| P a g e 65

Bng 4-7: m Bnh qun Nm (%) Lu vc sng M

Trm kh tng Tun Gio 84 in Bin 84 Sn La 80 Sng M 83 M c Chu 86 Mai Chu 82 Lc Sn 86 Hi Xun 86 Nho Quan 85 Yn nh 86 Bi Thng 86 Nh Xun 86 Tnh Gia 86 Thanh Ho 85

m (%)

Ngun: PECC4, 2005

4.2.5 Bc hi
Bc hi cho thy mt khuynh hng tri ngc v thi gian so vi nhit , ma v m. Mc bc hi thay i vo ma h (do cc cn ma gi ma, m cao v nhit cao) so vi ma ng. Bng 4-8 th hin mc bc hi bnh qun nm ghi li c ti lu vc sng M.

Bng 4-8: Bc hi bnh qun nm (mm) lu vc sng M

Trm kh tng Bc hi (mm) Tun Gio 815 in Bin 892 Sn La 939 Sng M 933 M c Chu 874 Mai Chu 910 Lc Sn 726 Hi Xun 645 Nho Quan 970 Yn nh 854 Bi Thng 770 Nh Xun 925 Tnh Gia 850 Thanh Ho 832

Ngun: PECC4, 2005

Tri li, nhng khc bit v mc bc hi c th quan st c t quan im khng gian. V d, Lc Sn nhn c con s trung bnh l lng ma 1984 mm hng nm vi mc bc hi hng nm l 726 mm, trong khi nhng ni c lng ma thp (Yn nh c lng ma bnh qun 1210mm hng nm) cho thy mc bc hi hng nm l 900 mm.

4.3

Thu vn

4.3.1 M t chung
Sng M di 512 km trong c 410 km nm trong bin gii ca Vit Nam (Duc, 2008a). T u ngun ca sng cho n Nh my Thu in Trung Sn (TSHPP), con sng ny chy qua hn 239km c dc 4,5%. Mt mng li sng sui l 0,68 km/km2. TSHPP c thit k to ra mt h cha nm trn trong lnh th Vit Nam c din tch khong 13,1km2 vi cao bnh qun l 160 mt trn mc nc bin (MASL). Sng M bt ngun t dy ni Pu Huoi Long ca tnh Lai Chu. Lu vc sng M nm gia hai dy ni v c cao bnh qun l 760 MASL. Con sng ny bt ngun t cao 2.179 mt trn mc nc bin (MASL) v qua sut chiu di trn t Vit Nam n chy theo hng ty bc n ng nam qua Sn La, Sm Na (CHDCND Lo), Ho Bnh v Thanh Ho. Lu vc ca sng l 28.400 km2. Trong , 10.800 km2 hoc 38% lu vc nm trong lnh th Lo. Sng M hp lu vi Sng Chu v chy vo Bin Thi Bnh Dng qua cc ca sng Sung, Lch Truong v Cua Hoi.

4.3.2 Lu lng hng nm

Mc d lu vc sng m c lng ma hng nm thp nhng lng ma ny ng gp khong 41,2% vo tng th tch ca lu vc. Lu lng hng nm (Bng 4-9) n tuyn p l 7,7 t m3 tng ng vi mt lng ma khong 1420 mm.

| P a g e 66

Bng 4-9: Lu lng hng nm n v tr p TSHPP trn Sng M

F (km2) 13175 N(nm) 47 Qo,m3/s 244 Cv 0.25 Cs 2Cv Qp m3/s P=10% 325 P=50% 239 P=90% 172

Source: PECC4, 2008

D liu thu vn ti cng trnh TSHPP xut c ly t trm thu vn nm cch 500m v pha h lu vo khong thi gian gia thng 8/2003 v thng 12/2006 (Bng 4-10). Trc khi hp dng vi sng Chu, mc lu lng hng nm ca Sng M vo khong 284 m3/s. Ti cng trnh TSHPP, lu lng bnh qun nm n tuyn p l 200 m3/s.

Bng 4-10: Giao ng m un bnh qun ca lu lng 1957-2006 n nhiu khu vc trn sng M tip gip vi Nh my Thu in Trung Sn
Trm Xa La Hoi Xuan Cam Thuy Trung Son F (km2) 6.430 15.500 17.500 13.175 Qtb (m3/s) 117,9 283.8 332.2 219.9 M (l/s/km2) 18.34 18.30 18.98 16.69

Ngun: Chuyn th t Chi and Garcia-Lozano, 2008

Mc x ca Sng M l 18,5 l/(s.km2) v c mc lu lng l 584 mm. Bng 4-11 minh ho lu lng bnh qun nm trong lch s cho c ba trm ca Sng M. Mc Cv thp phn nh nhng khc nhau v mc x ti cng mt trm.

Table 4-11: c im ca dng chy bnh qun nm ti cc trm thy vn

Gauge Xa La Hoi Xuan Cam Thuy 1957 2003 Qtb (m3/s) 119.6 282 330 Cv 0.236 0.226 0.224 Cs 2Cv 2Cv 2Cv 117.8 283.8 332.2 1957-2006 Qtb (m3/s) Cv 0.240 0.224 0.222 Cs 2Cv 2Cv 2Cv

Ngun: Chuyn th t Chi and Garcia-Lozano, 2008

Theo bo co v Cc iu kin kh hu v thu vn ca PECC4, lu lng nc ngm c mc x nc 4,38 l/s/km2 v chim 26,7% trong tng lu lng vo h cha (PECC4, 2008a).

Bng 4-12: S phn b dng chy ti trm thu vn Cm Thu

c im
Q (m3/s) %

T1
140 3.23

T2
118 2.72

T3
104 2.4

T4

T5
156 3.62

T6
365 8.43

T7
620 14.3

T8
876 20.3

T9
821 19

T10
408 9.43

T11
250 5.78

T12
328 7.58

TB
360

108 2.4 9

Ngun: PECC4, 2008a

| P a g e 67

Mt s so snh lu lng hng thng gia cc trm thu vn Cm Thu v Trung Sn (Hnh 42) trong khong thi gian 39 thng (thng 10/2004-12/2007) c trnh by trong Bng 4-12.

Hnh 4-2: X bnh qun thng ti cc trm Cm Thu v Trung Sn

4.3.3 Ma l
Ma l thay i trn ton b lu vc Sng M. i vi cng trng TSHPP ni ring, ma l l t thng 6 n thng 10. Lu lng dng chy bnh qun ca khu vc TSHPPl 34 l/s/km2, chim 74% tng lu lng hng nm. thng lu, lu lng ln nht xut hin trong thng Tm. Trong sut thng ny, di lu lng l 47 n 52 l/s/km2 v chim 20% tng lu lng nm. Ti H lu, lu lng cao nht xut hin trong thng Mi mt v chim 24-25% tng lu lng nm. Mc l trong thng ny nm trong khong 80 n100 l/s/km2. Sng Chu, lu lng ln nht xut hin vo thng 9 vi lu lng chim 19,6% tng lu lng nm (PECC4, 2008a). Vng TSHPP c nh l l 9.100 m3/s (P =1%), 12% cao hn mc l tnh ton trong phm vi trm Cm Thu 12%. (Bng 4-13). Bng 4-13: nh l tnh ton (m3/s) ti tuyn p TSHPP Tuyn tnh ton Trm Cm Thu Tuyn p Trung Son F(km2) P% 1 10,200 9,100 7,050 6,200

0.1 14,900 13,400

0.5 11,600 10,400

10 5,730 5,000

17,500 13,175

Ngun: PECC4, 2005

| P a g e 68

a hnh h lu c dc di 10% v Sng M nhn nc t cc Sng Chu v sng Bi. Hng nm, cc sng hp li lm tng th tch l lm ngp lt khong 44.000 ha vng thp. By n tm thng cn li gp phn vo 25% tng lu lng hng nm. Thi gian hn nht l gia thng Hai v thng T chim 8% lu lng hng nm (lu lng xp s 6,291 l/s/km2). Thng Ba c thin hng l lu lng dng chy thp nht, ch ng gp 2,4% tng lu lng. Bng 4-14: Phn b dng chy theo ma ng vi tn sut l thit k Ma l Thng 6/Th10 W (%) (106m3 ) 81.0 7,543 71.1 5,238 72.1 3,821 Ma kh Thng 11/Th5 (%) 19.0 28.9 27.9 W (106m3) 1,779 2,130 1,478 Nm W (106m3) 9,322 7,368 5,299

Tn sut

P=10% P=50% P=90%

Ngun: PECC4,2008a Chuyn th t Chi and Garcia-Lozano, 2008

S phn b dng chy theo ma trong nhng nm c th c minh ho tng ng trong Bng 4-14 v 4-15. C th kt lun rng lu lng nc n h cha TSHPP khng phi l di do v phn phi khng ng u qua cc ma. Bng 4-15: Phn b dng chy hng thng (m3/s) vo cc nm in hnh c th
Nm/ Thng Q ln 1960-61, p=10% Q Tbnh 1981-82, p=50% Q Nh 1968-69, p=90% Th6 226.6 291.2 168.3 J Th7 567.8 307.4 164.9 J Th8 1082. 9 594.9 487.1 A Th9 633.9 515.7 361.3 S Th10 351.1 287.3 200.6 O Th11 194.8 195.1 133.5 N Th12 148.2 136.1 90.1 D Th1 83.4 103. 70.6 TH2 70.5 95.3 56.1 Th3 58.3 83.3 48.5 Th4 51.5 99.5 64.6 Th5 68.3 99.3 71.4 Y C nm 294.8 234.0 159.7

Q = mc x
Ngun: Chuyn th t Hoa N.T., 2007 v PECC4, 2008)

4.3.4 Vn chuyn bi lng

Bi lng ca h cha c hai ngun chnh: lng sng v ph sa l lng. Ph sa lng sng c c tnh vo khong 20% ph sa l lng. Mc bi lng trong h cha ca TSHPP c tnh ton da trn cc s o ly t trm Cm Thu. c tnh bi lng bnh qun hng nm ca h cha l 1,3 triu m3 (Bng 4-16). iu ny gi ln rng c th phi mt hn mt th k lp y din tch cha ca h cha. Tuy nhin, do tnh khng u ca y h cha nn vic ng cht bi lng cng khng u v phn trn ca h cha s b lp y trc.

| P a g e 69

Mt mu hnh bi lng c d kin, do chiu di ca h cha (xp x 38,5 km), cc ph sa th hn (ct) s lng khu vc gn ui h trong khi cc ph sa mn hn (bn ct v st) c th lng xung vng gn tuyn p. Bng 4-16: Tch t bi lng c tnh ti h cha Trung Sn c trng A B C D E F G H I Mc bn bnh qun, (g/m3) Lng bi lng l lng, Ro (kg/s) T l bi lng tch t, E Trng lng bi lng l lng, ll (ton/m3) Trng lng bi lng lng sng, d (ton/m3) Tng lng bi lng l lng tch t, Vll (m3/nm) Tng lng bi lng lng sng tch t, Vd (m3/nm) Tng bi lng tch t hng nm (10.000.000 m3/nm) Tng bi lng tch t hng nm trong 100 nm (10.000.000 m )
3

Gi tr 222.00 54.20 0.75 1.18 1.55 1,084,047.00 216,810.00 1.30 130.10

Ngun: Chuyn th t PECC4, 2008

4.3.5 Cht lng nc

Nhiu cuc kho st c thc hin nh gi cht lng cc ngun ti nguyn nc ti cng trng TSHPP. Phn tch ho hc khng nh s tp trung thp cc cht phn hu, ph hp vi p trng lc RCC la chn cho TSHPP. Cc kt qu ly mu nc c tng hp trong Bng 4-17.

| P a g e 70

Bng 4-17: Cc thng s v Cht lng Nc Thng s Biu tng n v tnh Thng lu sng M 23,2 7,32 6,43 4,9 80 on Trung Sn ng bng trc l 23,2 8,12 6,83 5,6 95 ng bng khi c l

Nhit bnh qun thng pH Oxy ho tan Nhu cu Oxy sinh hc Tng cht rn ho tan Tnh kim cng Cacbonat Axit Phot phat Sulphates Nitrates Nitrites Ammonia Vi khun dng Coli Ngun: PECC4, 2008a

T pH DO BOD5 Sd

C pH mg/mL mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L MPN/mL

23,2 7,5 6,6 5,2 92 2.13 84.72 130 0,143 5.4 2,487 0,001 0,823 280

5.6 2.25 1.98 117 0,174 4.91 5.8

0,285 2,079 0,001 0,678 290

5.11 4,065 <0,001 0,925 360

Cn c vo cc kt qu v cht lng nc (Bng 4-18) v theo tiu chun ca Vit Nam TCVN 5942-1995, tt c cc thng s o c, ngoi tr cht rn l lng, u nm di mc tiu chun. Cc cht rn l lng c tm thy cao hn Mc A 8 ln v cao hn Mc B 2 ln. Mc cht rn l lng (140 mg/l) cng cung vi mc c (140 to 196 mg/l) c kt hp vi mc xi mn cao hn trong sut ma ma. Nhu cu xy sinh hc (BOD5) cao hn Mc A ca TCVN5942-1995 phn nh s nhim cht hu c thp dc Sng M. Tt c cc thng s gim st khc u nm trong gii c chp nhn ca Mc B ca Tiu chun Mi trng TCVN5942-1995. Kt qu Phn tch Dinh dng (thnh phn nitrogen v hp cht phosphorus) gy nn s tp trung thp (Thanh, 2007). Cc Sng v sui trong phm vi vng d n TSHPP c hm lng PO4-3 nm trong khong t 0,73 n 1,22mg/l. Nc c lm cho bo ho bng oxy, v pH c kim nh (8.1) xung h lu ca tuyn p ti Co Lng. Gi tr dn sut giao ng t 80 n 177 mg/l cho thy nc tng i mm.

| P a g e 71

Bng 4-18: Cht lng nc ca cc im ly mu ti vng d n

S TT M s mu M c V NTS 1 7.32 4.9 76.2 Non e Non e 8 6.43 197 0.12 0.02 0.68 2.08 <0.0 01 0.29 80 290 NTS 2 7.36 4.9 68.5 Non e Non e 9 6.51 189 0.12 0.02 0.73 3.01 <0.0 01 0.29 86 290 NTS 3 7.35 5.1 62.1 Non e Non e 9 6.59 152 0.01 0.02 0.79 2.25 <0.0 01 0.13 82 230 NTS 4 7.66 5.3 62.2 Non e Non e 8 6.79 180 0.01 0.02 0.80 2.33 <0.0 01 0.13 86 240 NTS 5 7.48 5.4 66.5 Non e Non e 8 6.73 160 0.02 0.02 0.81 2.41 <0.0 01 0.14 88 250 NTS 6 7.50 5.2 59.8 Non e Non e 9 6.60 165 0.02 0.02 0.82 2.49 <0.0 01 0.14 92 280 NTS 7 7.68 5.5 43.2 Non e Non e 10 6.51 178 0.03 0.03 0.86 3.03 <0.0 01 0.15 98 300 NTS 8 7.41 6.0 30.8 Non e Non e 10 6.44 140 0.02 0.02 0.79 3.32 <0.0 01 0.74 177 320 NTS 9 8.12 5.6 45.0 Non e Non e 9 6.83 196 0.11 0.03 0.93 4.07 <0.0 01 0.17 95 360 TCVN59421995 A 6.08.5 <4 <10 <=2 20 1 1 0.05 10 500 0 B 5.59.0 <25 <35 <=6 80 2 2 1 15 100 00

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

pH BOD5 Mu Mi V COD DO SS Fe Fe
2+ 3+

mg/l (PtCo) mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l NM P/dl

NH3 NO
3-

NO2PO43TDS Dng trc khun rut (Dng coli)

*Ghi ch: TCVN5942-1995: Tiu chun cht lng cho nc mt: Mc A c p dng cho cc ngun nc c th c s dng cho sinh hot (nhng cn c x l theo quy nh). Mc B c p dng cho nc mt dng cho cc mc ch khc. T thng lu n h lu, s tp trung phosphorus (0,126 0,738mg/l) v nitrogen (theo dng NH3; 0,680,93mg/l) cao hn mc A ca tiu chun TCVN 5942-1995. Hm lng dinh dng cao hn c th bt u mt qu trnh ph dng bn trong h cha. Tuy nhin, phosphorus giao ng cng vi c cho thy rng phosphorus ang c hp thu v kt ta. Mc Ammoniac tng i cao do phn ho hc s dng trong khu vc lu vc cng nh do chn nui v cht thi con ngi to ra. Li ca con ngi c th gp phn vo s dao ng mc dinh dng quan st c. Vo thng Ging, nm 2006, mc BOD5 khong gia 4 -7mg/l; cao hn Mc A ca Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5942-1995. Nhu cu Oxy ho hc (COD) xp x 10-17mg/l. The phn loi Aleskin 1970, nc trong khu vc y h cha l nc mm v c cc phn ng kim yu. Hm lng mt s cht dinh dng (nitrogen) v cc cht hu c cao hn Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 5942-1995.

| P a g e 72

4.3.6 Cc tng ngm nc

Cc tng ngm nc trong phm vi vng min ni ca TSHPP l khng gii hn v lin kt rt tt vi h thng thot nc hin ti. lu vc pha trn, cc con sui thng xuyn c s dng lm ngun nc ti ch v cc ging nc c s dng rng ri vo ma kit. Hu ht cc ging nc u t o, cn v gn vi h gia nh.

4.4

a cht v th nhng

4.4.1 a cht m
Sng M nm trn h tng Trc evon v h tng i c sinh. Khu vc ny c c trng bi cc trm tch i nguyn sinh c xa, hnh thnh mt np lm rng, thoai thoi, c bao quanh bi mt vi t gy v h hng cu trc. Np li Thanh Ha c hnh thnh bi h tng i c sinh ng Sn v h tng i Nguyn Sinh Nm C trc . Ni chung, cc t gy trong khu vc ny l kh c nhng vn vng chc (PECC4, 2008a)

4.4.2 Thch hc
Cc a tng chnh v nhng thnh phn ph ca chng bn trong khu vc d n c th c phn loi thnh cc nhm sau y: Khong vt Sng M o phin, ri rc t Mng Lt n bin gii Vit-Lo a tng Sng M o phin tinh th Biotit, phin tinh th sericit, phin acrilit, phin than g, vi, cm thch, v quartzit a tng Nam Pia (D1np) o Quartzit, t st ng cc, v phin st than g a tng Bn Pap (D2bp) o vi pha st, phin vi, olomite v vi a tng Sui B (J3-k1sb) o Bazan v olivin

C ba loi la: Mng Lt (Cml) bao gm bi-mica, granit mu nht, v pecmatit; in Bin (P2-T1b), c tm thy gn khu vc bin gii Vit-Lo v bao gm hocblen l ch yu; v Nm Chin (Knc) bao gm cn c a Gabbro. Ni chung, cc thnh phn a cht ca cc thung lng sng l n nh vi mt xu hng xi mn thp, n nh v chng trt tt. Bt c s trt t no xy ra u s nh v trn phm vi hp (PECC4, 2008a)

4.4.3 Kin to hc
C hai h thng t gy chnh bn trong khu vc d n: Sng M v Sn La. t gy Sng M di 390 km, hng v pha Ty Bc-ng Nam. ng t gy Sn La di xp x 360 km, hng v pha Ty Bc-ng Nam. t gy ny bt u huyn Tun Gio (Tnh Lai Chu) v kt thc khu vc ph cn ca huyn Nga Sn (Tnh Thanh Ha). Theo Vin a cht, v tr d n thy in Trung Sn c xut cch cc t gy Sng M v Sn La ln lt khong 19 v 16 km. Nhnh chung, nhng h thng t gy ny c kh nng gy ra cc chn ng ln n 6.1 Richte, tng tc cho v pha khu vc d n vi

| P a g e 73

cng ln n 0,2404 g, tng ng vi ng t cp 8 trn thang MSK-64. S tng tc cho ny tng ng vi chu k 950 nm vi cng 0,1947 g. Cho ti nay khng c chn ng a chn ln no c ghi li trong khu vc d n.

4.4.4

Cc m

Khng c khong th c gi tr kinh t no bn trong khu vc d n. Tuy nhin, c mt s m c th khai thc c: M s 1. M ny nm b bc ca Sng M, cch khu vc d n 25 km v pha h lu, bn trong h tng bazan Hyalo. M ny c c trng bi cc ht tinh th v cc cu trc cht ch vi s ht nhn hn ch. Khu t ny c cu trc cy a mn vi thnh phn khong plagiocla v piroxen. Lp ct c dy t 4 n 6 m, bao ph mt din tch 200.000 m2. Nu c khai thc su 40 m, m ny s cho tr lng xp x 80.000.000 m3. M s 2. M ny nm pha bc ca Sng M, cch khu vc d n 8 km v pha thng lu. M ny nm trong t hp granit Mng Lt. Lp ct c dy t 2 n 3 m, bao ph mt din tch 200.000 m2. Nu c khai thc su 40 m, m ny cng cho tr lng khong 80.000.000 m3. Vt liu ct si. Ngoi cc m ct/si di y, c mt m t st Sng M, cch khu vc d n 10 km. N c din tch 1.600.000 m2 vi tr lng khong 4.000.000 m3, k c lp no c dy 0,5 m v su ct hu ch 2,5 m. Cc m b sung c tm tt di y: M ct/si s 1. Nm x Thnh Xun, cc khu vc d n xp x 45 km v pha h lu. M ny c kch thc khi ct 2,22. Lp ct hu ch dy t 2,5 n 3.0 m, bao ph mt din tch 20.000 m2. M ct ny s cho tr lng 50.000 m3, 18% trong s l si. M ct/si s 2. Nm x Hi Xun, cch cu Hi Xun xp x 1 km v pha h lu (st tnh l 15A). M ny c tr lng 50.000 m3. Kch thc khi ct l 2,6, t yu cu c bn i vi cng trnh v b tng. M ct/si s 3. M ny nm bn trong lng Quan Hoa, st cu Na Sai v tnh l 15A, cch khu vc d n thy in Trung Sn 65 km v pha h lu. Kch thc khi ct 2,44. Lp ct hu ch c dy 2,5 m, cho tr lng trn 125.000 m3.

4.4.5 Thy vn a cht

Trong ma mua, c mt lp nc ngm dy c h tr bi s a dng sinh hc trn cn c pht trin tt. Cc lp ngm nc thng khng b thot nc nhanh do cc iu kin trc a ca khu vc. R r h cha nc s c hn ch i vi cc vai p v mng p do khng c cc h tng vi trong khu vc ny. Nhn chung, thnh phn a cht ca lu vc sng l n nh vi xu hng xi mn thp v s n nh vng chc chng li trt l t. Bt c s trt t no gy ra c th s khng ng k v hn ch v phm vi (PECC4 2008). Mt trn ca lng sng (aQIV) bao gm ct v t st vi cui su 3,6 m. C cc lp phin vi granit pha di. Trong lng sng, cc kt qu th nghim p sut nc cho thy tn hao nc i vi vng IIA l 16,7 lugeon, trong khi vng IIB l <1 lugeon.

| P a g e 74

4.4.6 t
Theo bn phn b t ca cc tnh Sn La, Ha Bnh v Thanh Ha, c ba loi t chnh da trn cao so vi mc nc bin (Chi v Garcia-Lozano, 2008): t vng trng t feralit c phn b ch yu bn trong cc lu vc thp ca Vit Nam nm di cao 900 m. Di s nh hng trc tip ca cc iu kin kh hu gi ma, loi t ny b phong ha mc cao. Cc thnh phn chnh ca loi t ny l caolinit v haloizit. t vng ni trung bnh Nm cao t 900 n 1.800 m, c mt di t mn mu vng thm v vng xm bn trong trong cc tnh Thanh Ha- Sn La, Thanh Ha- Ha Bnh v nhng ngn ni dc cc bin gii Vit-Lo. Nhng loi t ny c pht trin t t st, phong ha v granit. nhng khu vc ni rng chim u th, hm lng cht hu c c th t t 3,5-5,0%, v khu vc c kt cu t st thng thng. Dung lng hp thu (CEC) di 15 meq/100 g. t y c hm lng hu c v ph nhiu t trung bnh n cao v chng thng phn b cc b ti cc nh ni. duy tr lng tch tr nc trong t, cc khu rng trong khu vc ny cn c bo v. t ni cao Lp Alit chim t l ch yu trong s cc loi t dy ni cao nht ca Vit Nam (1.800 2.800 m). Di s nh hng ca thi tit mt m v m t, khu vc ny c sng m quanh nm. Cc lp t rt mng v thng c dy di 0,60 m. Trong mt ct a cht, ta c th thy lp B rt ngho nn. Hm lng xt nhm cao hn hm lng xt st. Hm lng cht hu c cao c th l do lp c dy cht phn hy ln hn ( dy ny c th ln n 20-30 cm). Lp t mn c hm lng axt fulvic cao. Trn cc dc thoi hn, t c bo ha v c tnh cht axt rt cao (pH< 4,5). Mc d nhng loi t ny c coi l c ph nhiu trung bnh, nhng chng c phn b khng u trong khu vc. V iu ny, ngnh lm nghip c a dng ha sn xut mt s lng hng ha cht lng cao nh cy qu v du qu, tm p, a, v cc sn phm th cng bng g. Bng 4-19 trnh by vic phn loi t Vit Nam so vi FAO-UNESCO.

| P a g e 75

Bng 4-19: Cc loi t trong khu vc h cha Phn loi ca Vit Nam I Bi tch 1. Bi tch Sng M II- t en 2. t en trn cc sn phm phong ha ca vi III- t xm bc mu 3. t xm bc mu trn cc sn phm phong ha ca mc ma axt IV- t vng (Feralit) 4. t nu v trn mc ma thng thng v chn ni 5. t nu v trn vi 6. t nu v trn t st v thoi ha 7. t nu v trn granit. V- t mn vng xm (Feralit) 8. t mn vng trn ni v t mn vng xm VI t mn Alit trn ni cao 9. t mn Alit trn ni cao VII- t chia tch 10. t chia tch Phn loi ca FAO-UNESCO I- Nhm t ph sa 1. t ph sa ti mu II- Nhm t ph sa 2. t ph sa cha vi III- Nhm t xm ct 3. t xm ct III- Nhm t 4. t bazan 5. t bazan 6. t xm vng 7. t xm crm-vng IV- t xm mn trn ni 8. t xm mn trn ni, t mn vng trn ni V- t xm mn cha khong 9. t xm mn cha khong V- t tng giy hn hp 10. t tng giy hn hp

4.4.7 Xi mn t
C bn nhn t chnh nh hng n xi mn t trong khu vc d n: Loi t. Nhn chung, cc kt cu n nh gip gim lng xi mn do nc b mt v gi gy ra. dc. Cc dc ng hn dn n dng chy mt cao hn, do gy ra xi mn v l t. Ma. L lt xy ra thng xuyn trong ma ma, gy ra xi mn v l t, c bit l trn cc dc ng. che ph t. Thc vt, nh rng t nhin v rng trng li, c th gim thiu xi mn t. Tng khi lng xi mn tim nng trong khu vc h cha xp x 1.108.250.451 tn/nm. Khi lng xi mn tim nng i vi b bc v b nam ln lt xp x 561.087.027 tn/nm v 547.163.424 tn/nm. Tc xi mn gi rng sc xi mn yu nh rng t nhin v rng trng li che ph phn ln cc din tch t. Hin ti, tng khi lng t xi mn trong ton b h cha d tr nc xp x 24.417.059 tn/nm. Tng khi lng t xi mn b bc xp x 13.721.313 tn/nm. S thay i trong khi lng xi mn phn nh lng rng b cht ph pha Ty-Nam ca huyn Mc Chu (Tnh Sn La) v pha Bc ca huyn Mai Chu (Tnh Ha Bnh). Tng khi lng t xi mn hin ti b nam xp x 10.695.746 tn/nm. Tc ny gi rng ton b huyn Quan Hoa v huyn Mng Lt pha ng-Nam c duy tr v trng li cc loi cy qu v lung.

| P a g e 76

Vic so snh gia mc xi mn t tim nng v hin ti cho thy khi lng tim nng bng 2,2 % khi lng hin ti lu vc. T l ny ng rng cc khu rng lu vc c din tch ln v che ph thc vt ln v c vai tr quan trng trong vng t v cc ngun nc c bo v.

4.5

Sinh thi hc trn cn

Phn ny tp trung vo cc thng tin c s v h thc vt, h ng vt v cc loi c lit k trong khu vc d n v cc khu vc xung quanh.

4.5.1 H thc vt
Theo cuc kho st c tin hnh bi Vin Sinh thi v Ti nguyn Sinh vt (IEBR) v Vin a L, Trung tm Khoa hc v Cng ngh Quc gia vo thng Hai nm 1998 v mt ln na vo thng Mt nm 2005, c 1.873 loi thc vt thuc 152 h trong khu vc d n thy in Trung Sn. Cc cuc kho st thc vt b sung s c tin hnh nu xt thy cn thit trc khi thi cng d n. Cc loi thc vt c xc nh thng qua cuc kho st rng ri thuc v 6 phn h thc vt (Bng 4-20) (PATB, 2008). Bng 4-20: S loi thc vt c xc nh trong cuc kho st Gii thc vt Ngnh quyt l thng: Ngnh thch tng: Ngnh c thp bt: Ngnh dng x: Ngnh thng: Ngnh ht kn: Tng cng Ngun: PATB, 2008 Cc kt qu kho st cng ch ra rng trong s 152 h thc vt, 10 h c t nht 30 hoc nhiu loi hn so vi cc h khc trong khu vc d n: Cc h v s lng loi quan st thy trong vng d n c lit k di y: - H Thu du: 127 loi - H u: 112 loi - H re: 83 loi - H c ph: 67 loi - H du tm: 60 loi Ti nguyn thc vt: S loi c kho st thy (1.873) trong khu vc d n c phn loi theo tm quan trng v kinh t v thng mi ca chng: 1. 873 loi c quan st v phn loi nh sau (PATB, 2008): - H ha tho: 59 loi - H phong lan: 49 loi - H si d: 46 loi - H huyn sm: 33 loi H v loi 1 h, 1 loi 2 h, 9 loi 1 h, 2 loi 15 h, 153 loi 7 h, 16 loi 126 h, 1692 loi 152 h, 1873 loi

| P a g e 77

S thc vt cung cp: g (319 loi), thuc (592 loi), thc phm (239 loi), nha, du bo v du (44 loi), tinh du v du thm (15 loi), si (25 loi), tanin v nguyn liu nhum (25 loi), thc n cho gia sc (34 loi). Cc loi thc vt cn li (580 loi) khng c gi tr kinh t v khng c lit k trong phn ny. Bng phn nhm ny ch ra rng khu vc d n thy in Trung Sn cha mt t l phn trm cao cc thc vt c hoa c gi tr cha bnh. Cc v d bao gm cc h rng, h nhn sm, h mc hng, h thu du, h u, h tm ngi, h tit d, h n nem, h i huyt ng, h thanh tht, h dung, h trm v h ry. Mt s loi c c im leo hoc c b phn chuyn bit nh cy thn i, mc hoc tua bm, c s dng gn mnh vi cc i tng khc. V d v cc h ny bao gm: Cc ging cy leo c thn g: h dy gi, cy na (H na), cy nho (H nho), Hoj dy gm, thin l (H thin l), h cm ngui Cc ging cy leo c thn c: cy hong mc (H hong mc), h bin bc ct, cy bch b (H bch b), cy khoai lang (H khoai lang), cy b c (H bu b)

Che ph thc vt: Thm thc vt phong ph tn ti khp Vit Nam tr nhng ni phong cnh b lm tr tri. che ph thc vt ca khu vc d n thy in Trung Sn gm cc lm phn hn giao bao gm cc cy l rng, tre, thng v thm c: a. Rng cy l rng: Din tch thc vt bao gm cy bi, trng c v cc loi g. Cc cy l rng c chiu cao dao ng t 15-20 m v ng knh t 20-25 mm. Cc loi ph bin nht l: thu lnh, cy ran (H na), cy tng qun s, cy cng l (H bch dng), tu, kin kin (H du), cy a (H du tm), vv... b. Rng c cc cy l rng c to ra t phong ha ( vi): Loi rng ny c gi tr kinh t cao. Din tch thc vt bao gm cy bi, thm c v cc loi g. Mt s loi bao gm: sao hn gai, tu mui, ch ch tu (H du), to voi (H s), kim giao, thng tre l ngn (H thng tre), cy mitrephora calearea (H na), sn mt, vv... c. Rng c cy hn giao l rng v tre lung: Cc cy chim u th bao gm cc loi tre nh st, tre vng, lung, na. Cc cy l rng ph bin bao gm thu lnh (H na), cm ng nai (H cm), cy l nn (H thu du), to voi (H s), gii (H mc lan), vv... d. Rng tre lung: Cc loi thng dng v ph bin nht l tre i g v lung lung. e. Rng c cc cy l kim v cy l rng: Loi bao ph rng ny c tm thy cao 900 m so vi mc nc bin, vi din tch thc vt bao gm cc cy l rng, tre, thng v thm c. Cc cy l rng cao hn vi chiu cao dao ng t 15-20 m v ng knh dao ng t 20-25 m. Cc loi ph bin nht bao gm: cy ph ba mi (H nh tng), thin tu (H tu), thng du, thng p c (H thng), thng nng, kim giao (H thng tre), cy thch (H phong), cy d gai, d rng, cy si (H si), vv... Tng cy bi bao gm tho mc v nhng loi cy nh nh h thin tho v h mc lan, trong khi tng c bao gm h quyn, h ha tho, h ci, h cam tng, h ry, vv... f. Thm thc vt cy bi: Bao gm cc loi cy bi cao t 5-6 cm. Mt s loi bao gm: cy c hi, gi Nam B, pht lnh cng (H na), cy nha rui (H nha rui), c tai tng, b nt Trung B, cy bm bp, cy chi mi, cy th mt (H thu du), cy tt

| P a g e 78

l (H to), cy ngy (H hoa hng), cy gng (H thin tho), cy t kn (H trm), cy trng ch (H c roi nga), vv.... g. Trng c: Cc loi ny thuc ba h: h ha ho, h cc v h ci. Thc vt c tm quan trng kinh t A) Cy trng: Khu vc d n thy in Trung Sn c s cy trng gii hn. Cc loi tre chim mt din tch ln so vi cc loi khc. c bit, cy lung c trng rng ri v tm quan trng kinh t ca chng i vi ngi dn a phng. B) Cy n qu: Nhng cy ny bao gm da, cam, bi, nhn v vi. C) Cy hng nm: La v ng l nhng trng hng nm chnh trong vng d n.

4.5.2 H ng vt
Cc kt qu kho st cho thy s c mt ca h ng vt phong ph trong khu vc d n. Cc cuc kho st bc u khng ch cho thy s phong ph ca chng, m cn l gii rng khu vc d n thy in Trung Sn cung cp mi trng sng cho nhiu loi ng vt. Bng 4-21 a ra danh sch cc loi c quan st trong mt cuc kho st h ng vt hon chnh (PATB, 2008). Bng 4-21: Cc loi c quan st trong cuc kho st ti vng d n

Lp ng vt c v Chim B st ng vt lng c Tng cng

Ngun: PATB, 2008

Ging 8 15 2 1 24

H 22 41 13 4 80

Loi 65 169 25 12 265

Tnh a dng Vit Nam c bit l mt trong nhng trung tm c tnh a dng sinh hc cao trn th gii. Cc khu rng nhit i v cn nhit i trong khu vc d n rt a dng v loi. Bo gm (Pardofelis nebulosa,) v voc xm (Trachypithecus crepusculus) l hai loi ng vt hoang d thng c bt gp trong vng d n. Cc loi c quan st trong rng tre l gu nga, t t vng v sn dng (PATB, 2008).

| P a g e 79

4.5.3 Cc loi c lit k

Cc loi qu v him H thc vt v h ng vt Rng t nhin khu vc d n thy in Trung Sn c khai thc ng k cho cc hot ng trong nc v thng mi. Trong cc iu tra c bn trc y, PECC4 xc nh mt s loi qu him c lit k trong Sch Vit Nam. Cc loi c phn vo loi Qu him da trn tc suy gim, kch thc qun th, din tch phn b a l, v mc phn chia qun th v phn b. Mt danh sch hon chnh v qun thc vt qu him c trnh by trong PECC4 (2008a). Cc cuc iu tra c bn cho thy s xut hin ca cc loi ng vt qu him c lit k trong Sch Vit Nam. c danh sch hon chnh v qun ng vt qu him, vui lng xem (PATB, 2008).

4.6

Sinh thi hc di nc

4.6.1 M t sng v mi trng nc

Cc thuc tnh ca Sng M c phn tch da trn ba phn chnh ca sng: lu vc trn, lu vc gia v lu vc di (Bn 4-1). Cc thuc tnh ca chng c tm tt trong Bng 4-22. Ca sng v vng chu th th hin phn cui cng ca Sng M trc khi vo Thi bnh dng. Khu vc ny chu nh hng hng ngy bi cc dng thy triu v b bin phn pht bi tch to thnh ct v di bn ca sng. Khu vc ny cng th hin qu trnh chuyn i t nc ngt sang nc l v mt ha l v sinh vt hc, thc y s lng bn v cht keo. Cc rng c v m ly l thm thc vt chim u th. H sinh thi ny l ni trng cho cc loi gip xc (tm v cua) v nhng loi sinh vt bin quan trng v kinh t khc.

| P a g e 80

Bn 4-1: Cc v tr ly mu v vng lu vc chu th sng M

| P a g e 81

Bng 4-22: Cc thuc tnh ca Sng M

c trng Cc c trng ca sng Hnh thi hc rng y (m) su (m) Vt cht y sng Lu vc trn Thc nh v ghnh Lu vc gia t thc v ghnh 300-500 5-6 (ma kh); 9-13 (ma ma) Si nh, ct, bn ct mn v bn 600-800 6-7 (ma kh); 10-15 (ma ma) Bn v cc cht hu c Lu vc di

120-150 2-4 y sng c v si

nh hng ca thy triu

Khng

Khng

Cch 33 km v pha thng lu (ma kh) v 21 km v pha thng lu (ma ma) Sinh vt tng y chim u th (85%) Ch yu l cc loi sng ra sng (61%) Phn ng thch y c bn (35%) Phn ng cc loi s dng ng ba sng, cc ghnh v vc (75%) Vo ma ma (45%)

Cc c trng ca c

V tr trong ct nc V tr bn

Sinh vt tng y chim u th (84%) Ch yu l cc loi sng ra sng (66%) Phn ng thch y c (61%) Phn ng loi s dng ba sng, ghnh v (60%) Vo ma (18%) cc ng cc vc ma

Sinh vt tng nc gia v tng y chim u th (92%) Ch yu l cc loi sng ra sng (73%) Phn ng thch y c (52%) Phn ng cc loi s dng ng ba sng, cc ghnh v vc (66%) Vo ma ma (23%)

S thch tng y V tr

Ma khai thc c trng thnh

4.6.2 a dng sinh hc di nc

Vit Nam c s a dng v cc loi sng di nc (xem c 2008b, Bo co chnh thc Kt qu v Phn tch s liu iu tra v a dng sinh hc C v Ngh c ). khu vc ln cn ca d n thy in Trung Sn c xut, 198 loi c thuc 141 ging, 57 h v 13 b c pht hin. Con s ny chim 19% tng s cc loi c trong c nc. 96% trong s cc loi ny c ngun gc a phng v 4% cn li c phn vo loi ngai lai. Tng cng, c

| P a g e 82

95 loi nc ngt (48%) v 103 loi nc n (52%). Sng M thng c mc a dng sinh hc thp hn khi so snh vi cc sng khc Vit Nam do l ln. C s kt hp ca cc loi thng lu v h lu tp trung gia lu vc Sng M. S thiu vng cc ro cn vt l cho php mt s loi c di c ti cc bi trng ca nhng loi c khc (Duc, 2008a). Theo cc cuc kho st di nc, mt s loi (v d, loi c chm) di c n 100 km v pha thng lu t ca sng, ti huyn Ba Thc (Duc 2008a). Tuy nhin, khng loi no trong s cc loi nc n ny c tm thy khu vc p Trung Sn hoc xa hn v pha thng lu (Duc 2008a). Cc loi c sng tng y rt ph bin trong cc lu vc pha trn, gia v di ca Sng M. lu vc di, hu ht cc loi thch y bn, trong khi cc lu vc trn v gia, cc loi c thch y c hn.

4.6.3 Cc loi ng vt di nc c lit k

Chn trong s 198 loi c c lit k trong Sch Vit Nam. Mt trong s nhng loi ny (C bng bp) c xp vo nhm rt nguy cp; mt loi thuc nhm nguy cp (C mi c) v by loi c a vo danh sch sp nguy cp (C mi m, c nga, c rm xanh, c mng, c chin, c lng v c chnh hoa). C chn loi c th b nh hng bi vic thi cng d n thy in Trung Sn; tuy nhin, khng loi no trong s nhng loi ny xut hin trong khu vc d n. pha thng lu, bn loi sp nguy cp (C mng, c rm xanh, c lng, v c chin) c tm thy. Khng loi no trong s cc loi c ghi trong Sch Vit nam ny, xut hin trong Sch Lin on Bo tn Th gii/Lin on Quc t v Bo tn thin nhin v Ti nguyn thin nhin (IUCN) 2006 bi v chng c phn b rng ri cc sng thuc min Bc v Bc trung B ca Vit Nam.

4.6.4 Qun ng vt di nc khc

Thc vt ph du. Tng s 56 loi thc vt ph du c tm thy bn trong cc lu vc ca Sng M. S lng thc vt ph du thay i gia cc h sinh thi; mt thp nhp sinh sng cc h sinh thi nc (cc sng, lch) trong khi cc mt cao nht ph bin cc h sinh thi cn bng (cc ao, h). cc sui, mt thc vt ph du (Bng 4-23) dao ng t 2.657 t bo/l n 18.593 t bo/l, vi mt trung bnh l 9.375 t bo/l. cc sng, mt dao ng t 24.944 t bo/l n 77.097 t bo/l, vi mt trung bnh l 49.093 t bo/l. cc ao, mt thc vt ph du dao ng t 15.873 t bo/l n 106.577 t bo/l. Mt cao ca thc vt ni cc ao v sui to thnh to silic nu (ln lt l 69% & 50%) v to xanh lam v to lc (ln lt l 16 v 36%).

| P a g e 83

Bng 4-23: Mt thc vt ph du cc trm thu thp

Trm thu thp Sui Sui: Ph Thanh (Nm Quang) Sui: Thnh Yn Thnh Sn Sui: Nam Quang Trung Sn Sui: Mng l Sui: PoKong - Mng Lt Bnh qun Sng Sng M - Ph Thanh Sng M - Thnh Sn Sng M - Trung l Sng M - Th trn Mng lt Bnh qun Ao h Ao: Ph Thanh Ao: Bn Ching - Trung Thnh Ao: Bn Xc - Trung Sn Ao: Mng L Bnh qun Tng cng 9 750 18 593 2 675 3 650 11 207 9 375 65 760 28 570 24 944 77 097 49 093 20 181 15 873 86 168 106 577 57 087 To silic Mt to (t bo/l) To lam To lc To mt

6 349 14 512 2 222 1 908 7 126 6 423 (69%) 18 141 6 349 2 268 11 338 9 524 (19%) 10 884 15 646 36 282 49 887 28 175 (50%)

1 814 1 814 0 1 834 2 267 1 546 (16%) 43 084 9 070 18 141 24 943 23 810 (49%) 3 628 0 29 478 49 887 20 748 (36%)

1 587 2 267 453 908 1 814 1 406 (15%) 4 535 13 151 4 535 40 816 15 759 (32%) 5 442 0 20 408 6 803 8 165 (14%)

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 227 227 0 0 0

ng vt ni. 23 loi ng vt ni c tm thy bao gm chn kim (B chn kim), gip xc ru ngnh (B gip xc ru ngnh), trng bnh xe (Lp trng bnh xe), tm ht v cn trng (B cn trng). Trong s cc loi ny, gip xc ru ngnh phong ph nht trong khi lp trng bnh xe v cn trng t ph bin nht. Mt ng vt ni thp, dao ng t 14 n 16 con/m3. Mt ng vt ni c ba loi khi nc (sng, sui, ao v h) c s chim u th ca gip xc chn cho (60%) (Mch v Hi, 2004). Sinh vt y. C 10 loi ng vt y, bao gm c (Lp gip xc chn cho), hu (Lp hai mnh v), tm v cua (Lp gip xc) c xc nh trong vng d n. c l ng vt y thng dng nht, vi by loi khc nhau c pht hin. 16 loi cn trng di nc khc nhau thng lui ti cc khu vc sng min ni. Nhng loi ny bao gm ph du, loi cnh p, b cnh lng, chun chun (B chun chun), b cnh na v b hai cnh. B ph du v chun chun (B chun chun) to thnh s lng cc loi ln nht quy t cc sui. Phn ln cc loi sng cc dng nc sch.

| P a g e 84

Khng c loi thc vt ph du, ng vt ni hoc sinh vt y no t khu vc nghin cu c tm thy trong Sch Vit Nam (2000) hoc Sch IUCN (Chuyn th t c, 2008a).

4.6.5 Sinh sn v di c
T l di c v sinh sn ca cc loi c khc nhau gia ba lu vc ca Sng M (Bng 4-24). Bng 4-24: Hnh mu di c v trng cc lu vc ca Sng M
Lu vc Trn Gia Di T l di c ca loi (%) 10 17 13 T l trng ca loi (%) 53 53 32 Cc lng gn k bi trng Paxay (Uon)* Vinh Ninh (Ving Loc), Ban Cong (Ba Thuoc) and Bai Gian (Cam Thuy)* Thua Hop (Thieu Hoa)**

* - Bi trng quan trng cho c chp ** - Bi trng quan trng cho c chp v c ngt C s di c ng ch ca cc loi c nc l vo cc lu vc trn ca Sng M. Trong s 60 loi di c v pha thng ngun, ch c 44 loi n c lu vc di cch ca sng 30 km. 12 loi n c lu vc gia, cch ca sng 30 km v cc loi cn li di c ti 100 km v pha thng ngun.

4.6.6 Sn lng nui trng thy sn

Cc cuc kho st di nc c tin hnh 19 lng trong 10 huyn khc nhau ca Tnh Thanh Ha v mt huyn ca Tnh Sn La. Mt danh sch y cc loi c xc nh c ti Bo co chnh thc Kt qu v Phn tch s liu iu tra v a dng sinh hc C v Ngh c, c (2008b). Cc ngun ti nguyn thy sn km ch ra rng mt s loi ang suy gim v cc bo co kho st ch th hin 80% con s chnh xc cc loi c ti liu ha cch y hn 10 nm. By loi trc y c sn lng nh bt ln hin c quan st vi s lng thp hn; mt loi thng dng hin ang c nguy c tuyt chng. i din ca 927 h gia nh c phng vn da trn cc hot ng nui trng thy sn ca h. Tt c 927 h tham gia cuc kho st u ng h vic xy dng h thng thy in Trung Sn. 300 ngi c phng vn coi mnh l ng dn, trong khi 627 ngi cn li ch r mnh l nng dn (Duc 2008a). Cc ng dn s dng nhiu loi thit b, bao gm li c np mang bng si nilng n ang c dng ngy cng ph bin. Cc thuyn c s dng nh bt c trong cc lu vc di (67%), gia (45%) v trn (19%). Trong mi mt trong s cc lu vc ny, 92% s c nh bt c c s dng cho nhu cu tiu th ca con ngi. C nhiu loi c c gi tr kinh t trong khu vc d n thy in Trung Sn. Trong s cc loi ny, ch 4 loi (C chp, c mng, c ngnh v c chch lu) hin ang sinh sng trong ton b khu vc; 12 loi sinh sng gii hn lu vc trn; 17 loi sinh sng ch yu lu vc gia v 29 loi sinh sng lu vc di (Duc 2008a). Sn lng nui trng v nh bt thy sn thng dao ng trong ton Tnh Thanh Ha (Hnh 4-3) v tng dn ln t nm 2001 n 2006; Mc d sn lng tng, 96% sn lng c l t bin v ch 4% thu c t Sng M. Nhn chung, s lng c c s dng kh t, trong cc lu vc gia s dng nhiu lng hn cc khu vc lu vc trn. Cc ngun ti nguyn thy sn

| P a g e 85

hin ang chu p lc ca khai thc, nhim v ph hoi mi trng sng. Theo d bo, mc a dng sinh hc ca cc loi nc l, loi sng ca sng v loi ven bin s tip tc gim. Hm lng cht dinh dng dng nh ang tip tc tng ln vng h lu bi v nhim, iu ny s tip tc thc y cc iu kin cho hin tng ph dng ha.

Hnh 4-3: Sn lng thy sn ca tnh Thanh Ha

Tng sn lng nh bt c ca 927 h gia nh l xp x 262,5 tn/nm; sn lng trung bnh l 0,28 tn/nm/h. Sn lng thy sn tng ln trong nhng nm gn y (Bng 4-25) v cn c vo cc cuc phng vn vi nhng h gia nh, ta c th thy r l tng sn lng c v sn lng c trung bnh thay i ty thuc vo phn lu vc ca Sng M. Lu vc di c sn lng cao nht (117,5 tn/nm), tip n l lu vc trn (86,5 tn/nm) v sau cng l lu vc gia (58,5 tn/nm). Bng 4-25: Sn lng thy sn Tnh Thanh Ha tnh theo Tn Loi sn lng Ngh c sng Ngh nui trng thy sn Ngh c bin 2001 438.9 2002 454.9 2003 458.9 1,992.7 9,307.4 2004 595.5 1,945.3 10,091.4 2005 650.5 2,231.1 10,823.6 2006 619.6 2,278.7 12,029.9

1,501.4 1,793.5 8,451.9 9,283.2

Ngun: Chuyn th t c, 2008a Lng m (Protin) t c ng vai tr quan trng i vi ngi dn a phng; n chim t 50 n 59% tng lng protin c tiu th hng ngy. Tuy nhin, t l tiu th protin khc nhau mi v tr lu vc. V lu vc di t sn lng cao nht nn n cng c t l tiu th protin cao nht. Khng k mc sn lng, t l % protin cao nht thu c t cc loi c bin v c nui chim u th cc lu vc di v cc qun th c t nhin lu vc trn.

| P a g e 86

S ngy nh bt c trung bnh ca mi ngi dn trong khu vc d n l 171/nm. lu vc trn, con s ny l 110 ngy, trong khi cc lu vc gia v lu vc di, con s ny ln lt l 203 v 202 ngy. Mt s nhn t ang nh hng n sn lng c v sau l thu nhp ca ng dn. Cc nhn t ny bao gm: Ph hy rng ven sng o Cc cy cha ra ven sng cung cp bng mt v rc c dinh dng Khai thc ct v si cho xy dng o S ln xn gia tng lm thay i dng chy ca kt cu dng sng o Mt s loi (C sao, c rm xanh, c nga chm, c dm t, c i lng g, c nhch rng ht, c i ci, v c chm) tng c cc qun th ng c, hin ang gim s lng nhim nc gy ra do khi v nc thi t cc nh my sn xut ng, bt sn ht v a.

4.7

Cc Khu bo v v a dng sinh hc

Nm 1992, Trung tm Gim st Bo tn Th gii phn hng Vit Nam l mt trong s 16 nc a dng v mt sinh thi cao nht trn th gii. Tnh a dng sinh hc ca Vit Nam c c trng bi tnh a dng sinh hc ca nhiu loi 295 loi ng vt c v (Can et al., 2008), 828 loi chim (V Qy v Nguyn C, 1995), 296 loi b st, 162 loi lng c (Nguyn Vn Sng v cng s, 2005) v hn 700 loi c nc ngt cng 15.000 loi ng vt c xc nh (Nguyn Thn, 2005). Hng nm nhiu loi mi vn c pht hin. Rng ti Vit Nam rt a dng v phong ph cc loi ng, thc vt c hu, bao gm 100 loi v phn loi chim (V Qy v Nguyn C, 1995), 88 loi v phn loi ng vt c v (ng Ngc Cn v cng s, 2008) v khong 20% loi cy (Thn, 2005). Nh my Thu in Trung Sn (TSHPP) nm trong vng m gia vng sinh thi Trng Sn v Cao nguyn pha Bc. Vng sinh thi Trng Sn l mt trong 200 vng sinh thi tm c th gii ca WWF, c trng bi cc gi tr a dng sinh hc ni bt nht trn th gii v l im nng v bo tn a dng sinh hc ca th gii (Baltzer et al. 2001; Tordoff et al. 2003). Cao nguyn pha Bc cng c cc trung tm a dng sinh hc vi mt s lng ln cc loi c gi tr bo tn cao (BAP, 1994). Tm quan trng ca vng sinh thi trong mi lin h vi cc Khu bo v s c tho lun chi tit trong on cui ca phn ny. C 3 Khu bo tn Thin nhin (NR) nm trong khu vc TSHPP: Khu bo tn Thin nhin P Hu (thuc tnh Thanh Ho), Khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha (thuc tnh Sn La) v Khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Ka P C (thuc tnh Ho Bnh). Bn 4-2 hin th v tr ca ba khu bo tn thin nhin trong khu vc TSHPP. Tt c cc khu bo tn thin nhin ny c c trng bi cc khu rng thng xanh nhit i v cn nhit i vi cc gi tr a dng sinh hc cao (PECC4, 2008a).

| P a g e 87

Bn 4-2: V tr ca Cc Khu Bo tn Thin nhin trong lu vc Nh my Thu in Trung Sn

Cc nghin cu s b xc nh c 9 kiu thm thc vt trong cc khu bo tn thin nhin ny. C 936 loi cy c mch, 79 loi ng vt c v, 258 loi chim, 30 loi lng c. Theo Tm quan trng Bo tn Quc t v Quc gia, c tng s 216 loi c xem l cc loi c xp vo nhm nguy cp (Danh sch y c ti PATB, 2008); 41 loi thc vt v 33 loi ng vt c xem l thuc nhm nguy cp trn phm vi ton th gii; 93 loi thc vt v 5 loi ng vt c xc nh trong cc khu bo tn thin nhin l cc loi c hu ca Vit Nam (PATB, 2008). Cc c im c trng ca ba Khu bo tn thin nhin c gii thiu trong Bng 4-26. P Hu l khu bo tn thin nhin rng nht trong khu vc TSHPP v khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha c din tch vng m ln nht. Hip hi Bo tn Th gii / Lin minh Quc t v Bo tn Thin nhin v Ti nguyn Thin nhin (IUCN) lit k ba khu bo tn thin nhin ny vo lp (cc khu vc hoang d).

4.7.1 Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun Nha

Khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha nm ti huyn Mc Chu thuc pha ty nam ca tnh Sn La. T pha nam n pha ng, khu bo tn c bao bc bi hai tnh Ho Bnh v Thanh Ho, trong khi ti pha ty, khu bo tn gip Lo (Bn 4-3). Khu bo tn thin nhin nm trong 5 x ca tnh Sn La Xun Nha, Ching Xun, Tn Xun, Lng Sp v Ching Sn (Bn 4-3). Tng in tch ca khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha l 27.084,5 ha. Thng 12 nm 2007, ranh gii ca khu bo tn thin nhin c chnh li nhm loi b cc khu vc b nh hng bi cc hot ng nh c v sn xut nng nghip ca con ngi. Sau khi phn vng li, din tch ca khu bo tn thin nhin gim xung cn 16.316,8 ha (Quyt nh s 2955/UB-QDUB ca Hi ng Nhn dn tnh Sn La ngy 17 thng 12 nm 2007).

| P a g e 88

Bn 4-3: Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun Nha

| P a g e 89

Bng 4-26: c im Ni bt ca Ba Khu bo tn Thin nhin trong Lu vc TSHPP

D liu V tr To KBTTN Xun Nha Huyn Mc Chu, tnh Sn La N2003445-2005454 E 10402842 -10405026 1986 2002 KBTTN P Hu Huyn Quan Ho v Mng Lt, tnh Thanh Ho N 20o 000-20o2230 E 104o4000- 105o 0500 1999 1999 KBTTN Hang Kia-P C Huyn Mai Chu, tnh Ho Bnh N2004030- 2004530 E 105051 20- 10500035 1986 2000

Nm thnh lp Nm c cng nhn l khu bo tn thin nhin C quan qun ch

Ban qun l KBTTN Xun Nha Chi cc Kim lm tnh Sn La Lp Ib (Khu vc hoang d)

Ban qun l KBTTN P Hu Chi cc Kim lm tnh Thanh Ho Lp Ib (Khu vc hoang d) 23,149.45 ha

Ban qun l KBTTN Hang Kia P C Chi cc Kim lm tnh Ho Bnh Lp Ib (Khu vc hoang d) 7,091ha

C quan qun l Lp IUCN Din tch KBTTN (vng li) Din tch vng m Mc tiu c a

16,316.8 ha

87,336 ha. 1) Bo tn cc h sinh thi Rng nhit i v Cn nhit i pha Ty Bc Vit Nam 2) Bo tn cc loi qu him v c nguy c b tuyt chng 3) Bo v khu vc Lu vc ca Sng M v Sng , bo v mi trng v h tr pht trin kinh t x hi cho cc cng ng ti a phng

27,306 ha 1) Bo tn cc khu rng in hnh v tnh a dng sinh hc ca vng Trung Bc Vit Nam 2) Bo tn cc loi qu him v c nguy c b tuyt chng 3) Bo v khu vc Lu vc ca Sng M v Sng Lung, bo v mi trng v h tr pht trin kinh t x hi cho cc cng ng ti a phng

8,135 ha 1) Bo tn cc h sinh thi vi ca vng Ty Bc Vit Nam 2) Bo tn cc loi qu him v c nguy c b tuyt chng 3) Bo v mi trng t nhin v H tr pht trin kinh t x hi cho cc cng ng ti a phng

Ngun: Cc khu vc c Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB), 2008

Khu bo tn thin nhin ny c chia thnh 2 vng chc nng: Vng Bo v Nghim ngt (10.173,3 ha) v Vng Phc hi Sinh thi (6.143,5 ha). Ban qun l khu bo tn thin nhin

| P a g e 90

nm ti x Ching Sn. Vng m ca khu bo tn thin nhin gm 8 x: Xun Nha, Tn Xun, Lng Sp v Ching Sn ca tnh Sn La; Tam Chung, Mng L, Trung L v Trung Sn ca tnh Thanh Ho v x Hang Kia ca tnh Ho Bnh. Tng din tch ca vng m khong 87.336 ha (vng m khng nm trong din tch thc t ca khu bo tn thin nhin, thng c xem l vng li) (PATB, 2008). im cao nht ca khu bo tn thin nhin l Ni Pha Lung ( cao 1.970 m so vi mc nc bin) nm trn dy ni hnh thnh ng bin gii quc t vi Lo. cao ca khu bo tn thin nhin nm trong khong t 260 n 1.970 m so vi mc nc bin. a hnh ca khu bo tn thin nhin c hnh thnh t ba di ni vi chy dc hng ng qua khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha t bin gii Lo. C 2 con sui l sui Con v sui Quanh gp nhau di chn ni pha ng nam ca khu bo tn thin nhin trc khi ho vo Sng M ti a im xy dng p TSHPP. Tuy nhin, khi nc trong h cha dng ti 160 m (MASL) th mt s phn ca mi trng sng ca sui Quanh v sui Con d kin s b ngp nc (PATB, 200?). Khong cch t khu bo tn thin nhin n a im xy dng p xp x 4 km. Hp lu ca sui Quanh vi Sng M khong 2 n 3 km t v tr xy dng p v thng lu do sui Quanh s l mt phn ca h cha nc TSHPP. 4.7.1.1 a dng sinh hc ca Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun Nha

Thm thc vt: Ba kiu rng c xc nh trong khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha: rng thng xanh nhit i, rng thng xanh cn nhit i v rng thng xanh cn nhit i hn tp. Rng nguyn sinh chim khong 45% din tch ca khu bo tn v phn cn li l rng ti sinh c ti to t cc hot ng khai thc g lin tc v canh tc chuyn i, bi rm v ng c (PATB, 2008). A. Rng Thng xanh Nhit i: Rng thng xanh nhit i chim 15 % tng din tch rng trong khu bo tn thin nhin. Tng lng g xp x 300-400 m3/ha. Tng cy chim u th bi cc loi: ch nu (Dipterocarpus tonkinensis), ch ch (Parashorea chinensis), tu mui (Vatica fleuryana), gi np (Aglaia gigantea),d Castanopssi), sng (Pometia pinnata), v.v... G thng mi bao gm cc loi thit inh (Markhamia stipulata), sn mt (Madhuca pasquieri), tu mui (Vatica fleuryana), lt hoa (Chukrasia tabularis), v.v... Ti Ni vi, lp ph rng c chim u th bi cc loi sau: nghin (Burretiodendron tonkinensis), trai l (Garcinia fagracoides) v su (Dracontomelum duprreanum), (nh 4-1) (PATB, 2008).

| P a g e 91

nh 4-1: Rng Thng xanh Nhit i trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun Nha
B. Rng Thng xanh Cn nhit i: Rng thng xanh cn nhit i chim khong 30% tng din tch rng trong khu bo tn thin nhin, phn ln nm trong vng bo v nghim ngt, cao 700 m so vi mc nc bin. Tng lng g vo khong 250-300 m3/ha. Mt s cy chim u th l d gai (Castacopsis), c i n (Castnopsis indica), gii lng (Michelia balansae), gii xanh (Michelia mediocris), cc loi tr (Camelia) v r (Machilus). Cc loi cy l kim bao gm du sam (Keteleeria evelyniana), hong n gi (Dacrydium elatum), sa mc du (Cunninghamia knonishii), bng sng (Nageia fleuryii) v thng yn t (Podocarpus pilgeri). Ti Ni vi, lp ph rng c c trng bi s c mt ca cc loi di y: nghin (Burretiodendron tonkinensis), trai l (Garcinia fagracoides), su (Dracontomelum duprreanum), sng (Pomertia pinata), ch i (Annamocarya sinensis), v.v.. (PATB, 2008) C. Rng thng xanh hn giao cn nhit i: Rng thng xanh cn nhit i hn tp c c trng bi s c mt ca cc cy l kim l to. in hnh cc loi cy l to gm c si (Lithocarpus sp.), h u (Fabaceae)), r (Machillus sp.),kho (Phoebe sp.) ((h Re (Lauracea)), Sung (Ficus), chi dui (Streblus sp.) (h Du tm (Moraceae)), gii (Michelia sp.), mc lan( Magnolia sp.) (h Mc lan (Magnoliaceae)), cho (Engelhartia sp.) (h H o (Juglvaceae)), Hydnocarpus sp.(h Mng (Flacourtiaceae)), v th (Diospyros sp.) (h Th (Ebenaceae)). in hnh cc loi cy l kim gm c du sam (Keteleeria evelyniana), hong n gi (Dacrydium elatum), sa mc du (Cunninghamia knonishii), bng sng (Nageia fleuryii), v.v... (PATB, 2008) D. Rng th sinh ti sinh sau khai thc g: Rng ti sinh chim khong 10% tng din tch lp bao ph rng trong khu bo tn thin nhin, c phn b cao t 800 n 900 m so vi mc nc bin. Tng lng g vo khong t 50 n 80 m3/ha. Cc loi c quan st cao thp hn bao gm vng anh (Saraca dives), rng rng (Ormosia sp), gi en (Castacopsis sp)., ngt (Gironniera subaequalis), v.v... Mt s loi c quan st cao cao hn bao gm gi en (Castacopsis sp.), c i n (Castnopsis indica), rng rng (Ormosia sp.), thuc (Schima wallichi), tr hoa (Camelia sp), ngnh R (Machilus), Phebe (h Re (Lauraceae)), v.v... in hnh cc loi c quan st ti

| P a g e 92

Ni vi l Tacxotrophis macrophylla, Streblus macrophyllus, Ba l thun (Garcinia obolongifolia), v.v. (PATB, 2008) E.Rng th sinh c ti sinh ti khu vc hoang ha: Rng ti sinh c ti to ti cc khu vc b b hoang chim khong 25 % tng din tch rng trong khu bo tn thin nhin. Tr lng g ca rng khong 50 m3/ha. in hnh cc loi c ti to l: hu ay (Trema angustifolia), l nn (Macranga denticulata), Styax tonkinensis, hu (Mallotus paniculatus), d gai (Castanopsis), Engelhardtia roburghiana, v.v. F. Cy bi v Trng c Trng thi cy bi v trng c thng c tm thy nhng ni thp hn trong khu bo tn thin nhin. Mt s loi chim u th bao gm thnh ngch (Cratoxylon polyanthum), C. prunlirium, thu tu ht trn (Aporosa sphaerosperma), A. serrata, me rng (Phyllanthus emblica), phn en (Phyllanthus reticulatus). Cc c d v trng c nh: lch (Saccharum spontaneum), cht (Thysanolaena maxima), Miscanthus japonica v c tranh (Imperata cylindrica). H thc vt Cc bo co chuyn ngnh s b t Chi cc Kim lm tnh Sn La (2003) v IEBR (2006) ch ra rng c 851 loi cy c mch thuc 458 chi, 144 h v 6 ngnh. Danh sch y tt c cc loi c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn thin nhin c trnh by trong PATB (2008) v s a dng c trnh by trong bng di y (Bng 4-27)

Bng 4-27: a dng ca H thc vt trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun Nha Ngnh Quyt l thng Thng t C thp bt Dng x Thng Thc vt c hoa Thc vt hai l mm Thc vt mt l mm Tng s: H 1 2 1 17 6 117 100 17 144 Chi 1 3 1 27 11 415 367 48 458 Loi 1 8 2 45 18 777 714 63 851

Ngun: Cc khu Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB), 2008

iu tra thc a cho thy s c mt ca cc loi c nguy c b e do trong khu bo tn thin nhin. Bng 4-28 ch ra s xut hin ca mt s loi c xc nh l c nguy c b e do trong Sch Vit Nam v Danh lc (sch ) IUCN. Khi tho lun v Danh lc IUCN, thut ng chnh thng "b e da" l nhm ca ba th loi: "cc k nguy cp", "nguy cp" v "d b tn thng" (IUCN, 2006). Vic bao hm cc loi ny trong Sch c da trn cc tiu ch sau: t l gim s lng, s lng, din tch phn b theo a l, mc xut hin v s phn tn.

| P a g e 93

Cc loi c nguy c b e do trong Sch IUCN v Sch Vit Nam c phn loi nh sau:

Tuyt chng (EX) Khng cn li c th no. b tuyt chng trong Hoang d (EW) Ch c bit n l sng st trong iu kin giam cm, hoc ch thy thu t trong lt ct lch s ca chng. Rt nguy cp (CR) Nguy c b bin mt khi hoang d rt cao. Nguy cp (EN) - Nguy c b bin mt khi hoang d rt cao. Sp nguy cp (VU) - Nguy c b bin mt khi hoang d. Sp b e do (NT) C th b e do trong tng lai gn. t quan tm (LC) Mc e do thp nht. Khng hi iu kin trong cc lp e do. Cc nhm c phn loi phn b rng ri v phong ph c trong nhm ny. Thiu D liu (DD) Khng d liu tin hnh nh gi mc ri ro v nguy c tuyt chng. Cha c nh gi (NE) Cha c nh gi da theo cc tiu ch.

Bng 4-28: Cc loi Thc vt b e da trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun Nha
Phn loi C nguy Sch c b e do
Rt nguy cp (CR) Nguy cp (EN) Sp nguy cp(VU) Sp b e da (NT) t nguy c (LR) Thiu d liu (DD)

8 25 -

Sch IUCN 4 4 10 2 12 3

Cc loi b e do (Ton cu: CR, EN & Quc ga: CR, EN) Sao (Hopea chinensis); sao mt qu (Hopea mollissimia); thng yn t (Podocarpus pilgeri), tu rui (Vatica diospyroides), d tng (Amentotaxus yunnanensis), nghin (Burretiodendron tonkinensis), g hng (Cinnamomum balansae), ch ch (Parashorea chinensis), ng gia hng (Acanthopanax trifoliatus), bch xanh (Calocedrus macrolepis), ct toi b (Drynaria fortunei),P mu (Fokienia hodginsii), sn mt (Madhuca pasquieri), inh vng (Pauldopia ghorta), g lau ( Sindora tonkinensis)

Tng s:

33

35

Ngun: Cc khu Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB), 2008

Danh sch cc nhm c phn loi trong nhm ny cho bit cn thng tin b sung v nhn thc v kh nng cc cuc nghin cu trong tng lai s ch ra vic phn loi b e do l cn thit. H ng vt Nghin cu s b h thc vt t Sang v La (2003) v IEBR (2006) ch ra rng c 283 loi ng vt c xng sng, bao gm 69 loi ng vt c v, 147 loi chim, 44 loi b st v 23 loi lng c trong Khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nh. Danh sch y ca tt c cc loi ny c quan st trong khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha c trnh by PATB (2008b)I. Bng 4-29 cung cp danh sch cc loi c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha. Bng 4-29: Tnh a dng ca H ng vt trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun Nha

| P a g e 94

Loi ng vt c v Chim B st Lng c Tng s: 69 147 44 23 283

H 25 39 16 5 85

B 9 14 2 1 26

Ngun: Cc khu c Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB). 2008

Danh sch c trnh by pha trn khng phi l hon chnh v cn nghin cu thm c c danh sch y ca h ng vt c trong khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha (PATB, 2008). Tuy nhin, danh sch ch ra rng khu bo tn thin nhin c tnh a dng sinh hc rt phong ph. Bng di y (Bng 4-30) cung cp danh sch cc loi c lit k trong Sch Vit Nam v Sch IUCN v Cc loi C nguy c b e do.

Bng 4-30: Cc loi ng vt b e do trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xun Nha

Phn loi C nguy Sch Sch c b e do Vit Nam IUCN Rt nguy cp (CR) 4 3 Nguy cp (EN) 17 10 Sp nguy cp (VU) 20 13 Sp b e da (NT) 6 t nguy c (LR) 2 Thiu d liu (DD) Cc loi b e do (Ton cu: CR, EN & Quc ga: CR, EN)

Ra hp ba vch (Cuora trifasciata), h (Panthera tigris), Si (Cuon alpinus), vn en tuyn (Nomascus concolor), Ra u to (Platysternon megacephatum), Ra sa nhn (Pyxidea mouhoti), ba ba gai (Palea steindachneri), bo hoa mai ng Dng (Panthera pardus), trn t (Python molurus), h mang cha ( Ophiophagus hannah), voc u trng (Trachypithecus francoisi), t t vng (Manis pentadactyla), bo la (Catopuma temminckii), gu ch (Helarctos malayanus ), gu nga (Ursus thibetanus) , b tt (Bos frontalis), sn dng Tng s: 43 32 (Capricornis sumatraensis), sc bay sao (Petaurista elegans), k hoa (Varanus salvator), rn ro (Ptyas korros), rn ro tru (P. mucosus), rn cp nong (Bungarus fasciatus), rn h mang (Naja atra), ra hp trn vng (Cuora galbinifrons). Ngun: Cc khu c Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB), 2008

C 43 loi c nguy c b e do trong phm vi Vit Nam (24 loi ng vt c v, 1 loi chim, 17 loi b st v 1 loi lng c) v 32 loi c nguy c b e do trn phm vi ton th gii (19 loi ng vt c v, 1 loi chim, 8 loi b st v 4 loi lng c) trong khu bo tn ny. Hai loi b st v ch nhi c hu cng c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn thin nhin: rn cm (Mabuya chapaensis ) v ch gai sn (Paa verrucospinosa). Ngoi ra, cc loi c tm quan trng bo tn trong phm vi Vit Nam v trn ton th gii (b linh trng v b ra) cng c quan st. Cc cuc iu tra c ghi li cng cho bit s c mt ca 7 loi linh trng trong khu vc Xun Nha, gm c cu li ln (Nycticebus bengalensis), cu li nh (Nycticebus pygmaeus), kh mt (Macaca arctoides), kh mc (Macaca assamensis), kh vng Macaca mulatta, voc xm Trachypithecus crepusculus, voc u trng (Trachypithecus francoisi), vn en tuyn (Nomascus concolor) .

| P a g e 95

Su loi ra cng c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha, nm trong s chng c nguy c b e do trn phm vi ton th gii, bao gm ra u to (Platysternon megacephatum) (EN), ra hp trn vng (Cuora galbinifrons )(CR), ra sa nhn Pyxidea mouhoti (EN), ra ni vin (Manouria impressa) (VU) v ba ba gai Palea steindachneri (EN).

4.7.2

Khu bo tn Thin nhin P Hu

Khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu nm ti hai huyn Quan Ho v Mng Lt thuc pha bc tnh Thanh Ho (Bn 4-2). Khu bo tn thin nhin ny nm trong 11 x ca hai huyn Quan Ho v Mng Lt; 10 x thuc huyn Quan Ho (Hin Chung, Hin Kit, Nam Tin, Ph Sn, Ph Thnh, Thanh Xun, Thin Ph, Trung Sn v Trung Thnh) v mt x thuc huyn Mng Lt (Bn 4-4) (PATB, 2008).

Bn 4-4: Khu Bo tn Thin nhin P Hu

Khu vc c bo v chim tng din tch l 23.149,72 ha v c chia ra lm 3 vng chc nng: Vng bo v nghim ngt (10.573,72 ha), Phn khu phc hi sinh thi (12.253,23 ha) v Phn khu hnh chnh - dch v (322,5 ha). Vng m ca khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu bao ph 11 x (cc x thuc huyn Quan Ho v Mng Lt) vi tng din tch vng m xp x 54.000 ha. Khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu l mt khi ni nm pha Ty ca vnh ai ni vi chy theo hng ty - nam t khu bo tn thin nhin P Lung ti vn quc gia Cc Phng thuc tnh Ninh Bnh. nh cao nht ti khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu l Ni Hoc (1.440 m). a hnh chia thnh cc dy ni v cc thung lung hp vi dc trong khong t 25 n 30 . im thp nht ti khu bo tn thin nhin ny l 50 m. Khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu b chia ct mnh bi cc con sui. Cc con sui nm pha ty, pha bc v pha ng ca khu bo tn chy vo sng M (chy n pha bc v pha ng ca khu bo tn thin nhin). Cc con sui pha Nam ca khu bo tn thin nhin chy vo sng Lung chy n pha nam ca khu bo tn thin nhin v hp vi sng M n pha ng nam ca khu vc TSHPP. Sng M chy dc ranh gii pha bc v ng ca khu bo tn thin

| P a g e 96

nhin P Hu. Khong cch t p nc n ranh gii khu bo tn thin nhin xp x 3 km. Tuy nhin, h cha nc khng m rng sang vng li ca khu bo tn thin nhin m ch n vng m. 4.7.2.1 a dng sinh hc ca Khu bo tn Thin nhin P Hu Thm Thc vt: Khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu c 2 kiu rng chnh -Rng thng xanh nhit i v rng thng xanh cn nhit i. Rng nguyn thu (rng nguyn sinh) chim khong 40 % din tch khu bo tn thin nhin. Phn cn li l rng ti sinh c ti to t cc hot ng khai thc g c chn lc, canh tc chuyn i, t bi rm v trng c (Bn 4-4) (PATB, 2008). A. Rng Thng xanh Nhit i: Rng thng xanh nhit i chim khong 1.000 ha b mt rng ca khu bo tn thin nhin, phn ln trong vng bo v nghim ngt cao 700 m so vi mc nc bin. Tr lng g vo khong 300-400 m3/ha. Cc loi cy g chim a s - Tu mui, Ch i, Ch ch, Nephelium melliferum, Sng, Gi cnh kh, Bi li l trn v Disoxylum tonkinensis. B. Rng Thng xanh Cn nhit i: Rng thng xanh cn nhit i chim khong 3.000 n 3.500 ha b mt rng ca khu bo tn thin nhin, phn ln trong khu bo v nghim ngt cao 700 m so vi mc nc bin. Tr lng g vo khong 250-300 m3/ha. Cc loi cy chim u th bao gm: Tu mui, Ch i, Gii gng, Gii xanh, Th en, v.v. Cc loi cy l kim chim s lng nh nm ri rc trong rng. V d: Kim giao, Thng tre v P mu. C. Rng Ti sinh sau Khai thc g v Du canh: Rng ti sinh chim t l ln (40 %) ca khu bo tn thin nhin. Tr lng g vo khong 5080 m3/ha. Cc loi ny c tp hp t mt s h khc nhau nh Re, Nhc u khu, u, D, H o, Ch, Du v Thu du. (nh 4-2).

nh 4-2: Rng thng xanh nhit i th sinh trong Khu Bo tn Thin nhin P Hu

| P a g e 97

D. Cy bi v Trng c Thm thc vt trong vng ny khc so vi cc vng khc. S khc bit ny c th do canh tc chuyn i v khai thc g qu nhiu. Mt s loi chim u th l Lnh ngch, C. prunilirium, Thu tu ht trn, reticulates, v.v... Cc trng c c phn b rng cao trn 1.000 m so vi mc nc bin. Mt s loi thuc trng c bao gm Lch, Cht, C voi v C tranh . H thc vt iu tra h thc vt kt hp vi cc nghin cu trc y (Tuoc v Trai 1998) ch ra rng c 753 loi cy c mch thuc 368 chi, 130 h v 6 ngnh. Danh sch y tt c cc loi c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn thin nhin c trnh by trong PATB (2008b). Bng 4-31 cung cp danh sch mt s loi c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu. Bng 4-31: a dng sinh hc ca H thc vt trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin P Hu Ngnh Quyt l thng Thng t C thp bt Dng x Thng Thc vt c hoa Tng s: Loi 1 10 2 29 9 702 753 H 1 2 1 13 5 108 130 2008 Chi 1 3 1 19 6 338 368

Ngun: Cc khu Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB),

H thc vt ca khu bo tn thin nhin cha 76 loi c hu v 49 loi c nguy c b tuyt chng (Ph lc F). Trong s 76 loi c hu, 40 loi l cy c hu i vi Bc Vit Nam. Cc loi thuc cc nhm b e da bao gm 30 b e da Vit Nam v 41 b e da trn phm vi ton th gii. Bng 4-32 cung cp danh sch cc loi c lit k trong Sch Vit Nam v Sch IUCN. Bng 4-32: Cc loi thc vt b e da ti Khu bo tn Thin nhin P Hu
Phn loi b e do Sch Vit Nam 1 9 20 30 Sch IUCN 5 4 8 2 8 4 31 Cc loi b e do (Ton cu: CR, EN & Quc ga: CR, EN) Trm hng, Mun, Sao Hn Gai; Sao mt qu, Tu l nh, Nghin, Lim xanh Ch ch Kim cang petelot, Ng gia b gai, G lau, B ct toi, P mu, Sn mt, inh vang

Rt nguy cp (CR) Nguy cp (EN) Sp nguy cp (VU) Sp b e da (NT) t nguy c (LR) Thiu d liu (DD) Tng s:

| P a g e 98

Ngun: Cc khu Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB),

2008

H ng vt Da trn nghin cu h ng vt s b do Cng ty T vn Xy dng in 4 thc hin v nghin cu ca Tc v Trai (1998), tng s 260 loi ng vt c xng sng, bao gm 59 loi ng vt c v, 161 loi chim, 27 loi b st v 13 loi khc c xc nh trong khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu. Danh sch y (tn) tt c cc loi c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn thin nhin c trnh by trong PATB (2008). Bng 4-33 cung cp danh sch mt s loi c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu. Bng 4-33: a dng sinh hc ca H ng vt trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin P Hu Lp ng vt c v Chim B st Lng c Tng s: Loi 8 11 3 1 23 H 59 161 27 13 260 B 23 37 14 4 78

Ngun: Chuyn th t PATB, 2008

C 42 loi b e da trn ton quc (25 loi ng vt c v, 2 loi chim, 13 loi b st v 2 loi lng c), v 33 loi c nguy c b e da trn phm vi ton cu (23 loi ng vt c v, 9 loi b st v 1 loi lng c) c xc nh trong khu bo tn thin nhin. Trong s 42 loi ny, 26 loi c xem l c nguy c b e da cao cao (Bng 4-34). Mt loi c hu c bit n l ch gai sn (Paa verrucospinosa) c phn loi l c nguy c b e da trn phm vi Vit Nam cng nh trn phm vi ton th gii. Bng 4-34: H ng vt b e da trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin P Hu Phn loi b e do Sch Sch Cc loi C nguy c b e da Vit IUCN Cao Nam (Trn phm vi ton cu: CR, EN & Trn phm vi trong nc: CR, EN) Rt nguy cp (CR) 6 3 Ra hp ba vch, H, Si , Ra Nguy cp (EN) u to, Ba ba gai, Bo hoa mai, Si 15 9 bay lng tai, Trn t, Rn h mang Sp nguy cp(VU) 19 14 cha, Vn en m trng, Voc Sp b e da (NT) 6 u trng, T t vng, Bo la v t nguy c (LR) 2 Bo gm Thiu d liu (DD) 1 Tng cng: 42 33 Ngun: Cc khu Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB), 2008

4.7.3 Khu bo tn Thin nhin Hang Kia P C

Khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia P C thuc huyn Mai Chu tnh Ho bnh (Bn 4-1). Khu bo tn thin nhin thuc 5 x ca huyn Mai Chu - Hang Kia, P C, Cn Pho, Ping Ve v Bo La. Tng din tch ca khu bo tn thin nhin l 7.091 ha c chia ra lm 2 vng chc nng: Vng bo v nghim ngt (2.681 ha) v Vng phc hi sinh thi (4.410 ha).

| P a g e 99

Vng m bao ph 4 x (Bang, Cun Pho, Ping Ve v Bo La) vi tng din tch 8.135 ha (Bn 4-5) (PATB, 2008). Khu bo tn thin nhin l mt khi ni nm cc ty ca tnh Ho Bnh. a hnh nm trong di vi m rng ra pha bc t cao nguyn Sn La ti Vn Quc gia Cc Phng ca tnh Ninh Bnh. c im a hnh chnh trong khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia P C l cc ni dc, t ti cao 1.536 m ty nam ca khu bo tn thin nhin v gim dn cao xung pha ng (PATB, 2008).

Bn 4-5: Khu bo tn Thin nhin Hang Kia P C

Phn ln khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia Pa Co c to t Ni vi vi nhiu thung lng, hang c dc trong khong t 28 n 32 . Phn pha bc ca khu bo tn thin nhin c nhiu thung lng y phng ni cc cng ng a phng c tr. Khu bo tn thin nhin c t sui v nc b mt nhanh chng b ht xung cc h thng di t. Vic ht nc ngy cng gia tng ny dn n hn hn trong ma kh, gy nh hng n cuc sng hoang d trong khu bo tn thin nhin v thm ch ngay c trong cc thung lng ng c. Khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia Pa Co l lu vc sng ca 2 con sng: Sng M v Sng . Sui Xia chy t x Cn Pho qua Ping V, Mai Hch v Vn Mai ho vo Sng M ti khu vc h lu ca khu vc TSHPP. Khong cch t a im p nc n ranh gii khu bo tn thin nhin l 13 km, v vng m chia s ranh gii vi x Trung Sn thuc khu vc TSHPP (PATB, 2008). 4.7.3.1 a dng sinh hc ca Khu bo tn Thin nhin Hang Kia P C Thm Thc vt: Khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia P C c 3 kiu rng chnh. Rng thng xanh nhit i, rng thng xanh cn nhit i vi v rng thng xanh cn nhit i hn giao. Rng nguyn sinh chim khong 40 % din tch khu bo tn thin nhin. Phn cn li l rng ti sinh qua qu trnh din th, nh l kt qu t ti sinh sau cc hot ng khai thc g, du canh, cy bi v trng c (Bn 4-5). A. Rng Thng xanh Nhit i:

| P a g e 100

Rng thng xanh nhit i chim khong 200 ha b mt rng thuc cc x Bo La v Ping Ve v mt phn ca Quc l 6. Tng lng g vo khong 300-400 m3/ha vi cu trc 3 tng cht ch. Cc loi cy g chim a s: Tu mui, Ch ch v Ch nu. (nh 4-3).

nh 4-3: Rng rm Thng xanh Nhit i trong Khu BTTN Hang Kia P C B.Rng Thng xanh Cn nhit i vi: Rng thng xanh cn nhit i vi chim din tch 2.000 ha nm cao 700 m so vi mc nc bin. Tng lng g vo khong 250 300 m3/ha vi cu trc 2 tng cht ch. Mt s loi cy chim u th l: Lithocarpus sp., Quercus sp. (h u), Machillus sp., Phoebe sp., Cinnamomum sp. (h Re), Ficus sp., Streblus sp. (h Du tm), Michelia sp. v Magnolia sp. (H ngc lan). C. Rng thng xanh hn giao cn nhit i: Rng thng xanh cn nhit i hn tp c c trng bi s c mt ca cc cy l rng v cy l kim nm ri rc trn cc dc ni cao 800 m so vi mc nc bin. in hnh cc cy l rng l: Lithocarpus, Quercus (h u); Machillus, Phoebe, Cinnamomum (h Re), Ficus, Streblus (Moraceae), v.v... Cy l kim chim khong 15 20 % khu rng, bao gm cy Kim giao (Nageia fleuryi), Thng P c (Pinus kwangtungensis), Thng l tre (Podocarpus neriifolius) v Thng (Taxus chinensis ). D. Rng th sinh sau khi Khai thc g: Rng ti sinh chim din tch 1.000 ha. Rng nm cao 300 900 m so vi mc nc bin. Tr lng g vo khong 50 80 m3/ha vi cu trc 2 cy tng. E. Cy bi v trng c: Cy bi v ng c chim din tch 1.800 ha ca khu bo tn thin nhin. Mt s loi chim u th bao gm Sim, Hoc quang, Lau ni, Thu tu, Mi, v.v... Mt s loi thuc trng c bao gm Lch, Hong tho, Ch v, C tranh v.v... H thc vt

| P a g e 101

Cc cuc iu tra s b ch ra rng c 589 loi thc vt trong khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia - P C. Cc loi ny thuc 339 chi, 125 h v 6 ngnh. Danh sch y (tn) tt c cc loi ghi nhn trong khu bo tn c trnh by trong PATB (2008). Bng 4-35 cung cp danh sch mt s loi s loi c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia P C. Bng 4-35: a dng sinh hc ca H thc vt trong Khu BTTN Hang Kia P C Ngnh Quyt l thng Thng t C thp bt Dng x Thng Thc vt c hoa Tng s: Loi 1 8 2 35 14 529 589 H 1 2 1 12 6 103 125 Chi 1 3 1 24 12 298 339

Ngun: Chuyn th t PATB, 2008

C 45 loi c hu v 40 loi thuc cc nhm loi b e da trong khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia P C (PATB, 2008). Da vo Sch IUCN v Sch Vit Nam, c 27 loi b de da trn phm vi ton cu v 21 loi b e da trn phm vi Vit Nam ti khu bo tn thin nhin ny. Trong s 48 loi ny, 10 loi c xem l thuc nhm nguy cp (Bng 4-36). Bng 4-36: Cc loi Cy b e da trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin Hang Kia P C Phn loi b e Sch Sch do Vit Nam IUCN
Rt nguy cp (CR) Nguy cp (EN) Sp nguy cp (VU) Sp b e da (NT) t nguy c (LR) Thiu d liu (DD)

Tng s:

5 16 21

2 4 6 2 11 2 27

Cc loi C nguy c b e da Cao (Trn phm vi ton cu: CR, EN & Trn phm vi trong nc: CR, EN) Thng yn t, Tu rui, D tng Vn Nam, Nghin, Melodinus annamensis, Ch ch, Ng gia hng, P mu, Sn mt, inh vang

Ngun: Cc khu Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB), 2008

H ng vt Cc cuc iu tra s b ch ra rng c 249 loi ng vt c xng sng, bao gm 44 loi ng vt c v, 142 loi chim, 40 loi b st v 23 loi lng c trong khu bo tn thin nhin ny.

| P a g e 102

Danh sch y tt c cc loi c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn c trnh by ti PATB (2008) Bng 4-37: a dng sinh hc ca H ng vt Khu bo tn Thin nhin Hang Kia P C Lp ng vt c v Chim B st Lng c Tng s: Loi 44 142 40 23 249 H 20 38 12 6 76 B 8 14 2 2 26

Ngun: Cc khu Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn Cn (PATB), 2008

C 34 loi thuc cc nhm loi b e da ti Vit Nam (14 loi ng vt c v, 3 loi chim, 13 loi b st v 3 loi lng c), v 21 loi b de da trn phm vi ton cu (12 loi ng vt c v, 1 loi chim, 7 loi b st v 1 loi lng c) c xc nh trong khu bo tn thin nhin. Trong s 55 loi c xc nh ny, 17 loi c xem l nguy cp. Tham kho danh sch cc loi b de da cao ti (Bng 4-38). Bng 4-38: Cc loi ng vt b de da trong Khu bo tn Thin nhin Hang Kia P C
Phn loi b e do Sch Vit Nam Sch IUCN Cc loi C nguy c b de da Cao (Trn phm vi ton cu: CR, EN & Trn phm vi trong nc: CR, EN) Ra hp trn vng, Si , Ra sa nhn, Ra bn mt, Ra ni vng, Ba ba gai, Sc bay lng tai, Trn t, H mang cha, T t vng, Bo la, Gu nga, Sn dng, Rn ro thng, Rn ro tru, Rn cp nong, Rn h mang.

Rt nguy cp (CR) 3 1 Nguy cp (EN) 12 6 Sp nguy cp(VU) 16 8 Sp b e da (NT) 5 t nguy c (LR) 3 Thiu d liu (DD) 1 Tng s: 34 21 Ngun: Cc khu Bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB), 2008

Bn loi b st v ch nhi c hu c ghi nhn trong khu bo tn thin nhin: Thn ln bng Sa Pa, Chaparana ch xanh, Chng mu sn v ch gai sn. Gi tr a dng sinh hc ca cc khu bo tn thin nhin trong mi lin h vi cc vng sinh thi v khu vc b nh hng bi TSHPP c tho lun trong phn tip theo.

4.8

Tm quan trng mang tnh khu vc ca Cc khu bo tn Thin nhin

Nm 1998, WWF xc nh 238 khu sinh thi c xem l nhng vng c mc u tin cao i vi vic bo tn tnh a dng sinh hc trn phm vi ton th gii. Vng sinh thi ton cu l mt ngnh khoa hc da trn vic xp hng trn phm vi ton th gii cc vng t ni bt v khc nhau c tnh a dng sinh hc cao nht, cc mi trng sng di bin. Nm vng sinh thi c xc nh ti khu vc ng Dng: Rng Nhit i Dy Trng Sn Rng Kh ng Dng

| P a g e 103

Rng Nhit i Ni Cardamom Rng Cn nhit i Bc ng Dng Sng M Kng (ton b lu vc).

Rng trong T hp Vng sinh thi H lu sng M Kng (FLMEC) c WWF chn khi ng chng trnh bo tn da trn vng sinh thi cho vng ng Dng gm 3 vng sinh thi: l vng sinh thi Rng Dy Trng Sn, Vng sinh thi Rng Kh Trung ng Dng, Vng sinh thi Ni Cardamom (Baltzer et al. 2001). Vng sinh thi Rng Dy Trng Sn (cn c gi l Trng Sn ti Vit Nam v Sayphou Louang ti Lo) l mt dy ni di ni gip nhiu loi ng thc vt qu him sinh sng. Vng sinh thi bao gm cc mi trng sng duy nht v khc nhau trong FLEMEC (Tordoff et al. 2003). Vic cc nh khoa hc ca WWF v Vit Nam pht hin ra Sao la (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis) vo nm 1992 ti khu bo tn thin nhin V Qung thu ht s ch ca ton th gii cng nh y mnh vic cng nhn trn ton th gii v tm quan trng sinh hc ca vng. Khi ngun t pht hin man tnh cht t ph u tin ny, nhiu loi khc cng c pht hin, bao gm cc loi ng vt c v ln nh Mang ln (Muntiacus vuquangensis) v th vn (Nesolagus timminsi). Cc pht hin ny nh du Vng sinh thi Dy Trng Sn l mt trong s cc vng sinh thi c gi tr v c o nht trn th gii. Ngoi cc loi trn, mt s cc loi nh voi Chu (Elephas maximus), h (Panthera tigris) v loi ng vt c v c nguy c tuyt chng hng u th gii, t gic mt sng (Rhinocerous sondacius) c tm tht trong vng sinh thi. TSHPP cng vi 3 khu bo tn thin nhin nm gia vng m pha bc gia vng sinh thi Trng Sn v Cao nguyn pha Bc (Bn 4-6). Vng m gia qun thc vt v ng vt ca dy Vng sinh thi dy Trng Sn l trng tm ca nhiu cuc nghin cu cho n nay. C mt l do tin rng vng m ny c th c nhiu nhm bo tn c ngha c phn loi i hi vng ny phi c cng nhn l khu vc u tin bo tn cp cao nht (Balter et al. 2001). Ngoi ra, ba khu bo tn thin nhin hot ng nh mt khu hnh lang xanh t cc khu vc c bo v khc ti Vit Nam v Lo (vi rng quc gia P Lung v Cc Phng ti pha ng, rng quc gia Xun Lin v P Hot ti pha Nam v cc khu bo v Nam Yt v Nam Xm ti Lo ti pha Ty). Mi e do chung nht n tnh a dng sinh hc ca vng l vic phn tn rng; hnh lanh xanhs ng vai tr quan trng trong vic bo tn tnh a dng sinh hc trong vng (PATB, 2008).

4.8.1 Tm tt
Rng thng xanh nhit i v cn nhit i chim u th trong cc khu bo tn thin nhin (Bn 4-6) khu vc TSHPP. Cc kiu rng ny l cc kiu rng in hnh ca vng ng bc Vit Nam. Hin ti, 40-45 % din tch ca ba khu bo tn thin nhin ny vn trong trng thi rng nguyn sinh, phn cn li l rng th sinh do cc hot ng khc nhau ca con ngi trong nhiu thp k gn y. 9 loi thc vt c xc nh trong 3 khu bo tn ny (Bng 439).

| P a g e 104

Location

Bn 4-6: Vng sinh thi Trng Sn

Bng 4-39: a dng sinh hc ca H thc vt trong cc Khu BTTN vng TSHPP Ngnh Quyt l thng Thng t C thp bt Dng x Thng Thc vt c hoa Tng s
Ngun: Chuynt th t PATB, 2008

Loi 1 11 2 68 18 836 936

H 1 2 1 17 6 118 145

Chi 1 3 1 36 13 451 505

| P a g e 105

H thc vt (thuc ba khu bo tn thin nhin) c c trng bi mt s lng ln cc loi c hu v b e da.Trong s 936 loi c ghi nhn, loi c hu ti Vit Nam (phn ln trong vng pha bc), 39 loi c coi l b e da ti Vit Nam v 41 loi b e da trn phm vi ton th gii (Bng 4-40). Bng 4-40: Cc loi c hu v b e da trong H thc vt ti Ba Khu BTTN
Phn loi b e do Sch Vit Nam 1 10 28 39 IUCN Danh sch 6 6 11 2 1 4 30 Cc loi c hu c hu ti Vit Nam: 40 c hu ti pha Bc Vit Nam: 53 93

Rt nguy cp (CR) Nguy cp (EN) Sp nguy cp (VU) Sp b e da (NT) t nguy c (LR) Thiu d liu (DD) Tng s: Ngun: Chuyn th t PATB, 2008

H ng vt (thuc ba khu bo tn thin nhin) c c trng bi mt s lng ln cc loi c hu v b e da. 425 loi ng vt, bao gm 79 loi ng vt c v, 258 loi chim, 58 loi b st v 30 loi lng c c ghi nhn ti 3 khu bo tn thin nhin (Bng 4-42). Bng 4-41: Tnh a dng sinh hc ca H ng vt ti Ba Khu bo tn Thin nhin Loi ng vt c v Chim B st Lng c Tng s: 79 258 58 30 425 H 26 44 16 6 92 B 9 14 2 2 27

Ngun: Khu bo v v Tnh a dng sinh hc Trn cn (PATB), 2008

4.9

Ti nguyn Kho c, Vn ho v Lch s

Cc cuc iu tra kho c hc c thc hin nhm xc nh v nghin cu cc khu vc c nhiu kh nng c c vt v to tc. Tt c cc khu vc ni cc im kho c v vn ho c pht hin nm cao trung bnh v c mt s mu v dng c cung cp nc quanh nm. Cc cuc iu tra tm thy 11 a im (Bng 4-36; Bn 4-6), by trong s mi mt a im nm trong khu vc h cha nc TSHPP mi (VIA, 2008).

Bng 4-42: Kt qu iu tra a im Kho c

Huyn Quan Ha Mng X Trung Sn Mng L B n T Bn Bn Nng 1 Tn a im Kho c/Vn ho Khng C C C M t Hang Khu vc m* im vn ho lng a im thi k * B nh hng? Khng C C C

| P a g e 106

Lt Ti Chnh Ching N a Ching N a Ko c Mng Lt

C C Khng Khng Khng Khng

im vn ho lng im vn ho lng a im nh m a im nh m

C C Khng Khng Khng Khng C

Trung L Tam Chung

Quan Ha, Mng Lt T Bn, Ti Chnh, Bn Nng 1 and Bn Ln * a im yu cu iu tra b sung trc khi tch nc h cha Ngun: Chuuyn th t VIA, 2008

c khc cc k t a im Thi k Sau ng Thu thp 26 mu vt thi st/ng v nhiu to tc lch s

Hai mi su hin vt Thi k ng (5 bng ng, 20 bng v mt bng sng) v cc hin vt lch s khc (mt thanh ng v mt b su tp tin km) cng c thu thp t mt s ngi lng. Theo Lut Di sn Vn ho, cc hin vt chu nh hng ca TSHPP s c bo tn v trng by trong cc bo tng di sn vn ho ca quc gia. Khu nh m Hui Pa (nh 44) v a im thi k Nng 1 c khuyn ngh di di trc ma ma l bo ton cc hin vt kho c v vn ho (VIA, 2008).

nh 4-3: Khu Nh m Hui Pa Khing Sn l mt a im linh thing ca lng ni cc nghi l c thc hin. Ba quan ti nm trong khu vc h cha nc c xut. Khing sn ti lng Ta Bn v lng Ti Chnh cng c xc nh l cc a im vn ho trong vng. Khi di khi lng, Khing sn s khng c gi tr chc nng v s mt tnh linh thing ca n (VIA, 2008).

| P a g e 107

Bn 4-7: Cc a im Kho c c pht hin trong TSHPP (VIA, 2008)

5.
5.1

C s kinh t - x hi
Dn s

Nm 2006, dn s Lu vc Sng M l khong 4.386.600 ngi, chim khong 5,21% tng dn s Vit Nam. H cha v cc cng trnh chnh ca TSHPP nm hai tnh v ba huyn. Huyn Mng Lt tnh Thanh Ha c dn s 29.408 ngi. Huyn Quan Ha cng ca tnh Thanh Ha c dn s 42.474 ngi. Huyn Mc chu c dn s ln nht tnh Sn La vi gn 139.805 ngi (DRCC, 2008b). Cc x Tn Xun v Xun Nh ca huyn Mc Chu l cc x xa xi nht trong vng d n (HESDI, 2008).

5.1.1 Nhn khu hc

Bng 5-1 ch ra su x chu tc ng trc tip.

| P a g e 108

Bng 5-1: Cc x trong Vng D n TSHP

Tnh Thanh Ho Huyn Quan Ho Trung Sn Din tch t (ha) 7,680.66 Huyn Mng Lt Tnh Sn La Huyn Mc Chu

Tam Chung 12,127.56

Mng L 8,508.39 21 796 4,556 2,151 2,103 2.5 150,000 100 91

Trung L 19,290. 32 18 894 5,349 2,498 2,706 3.6 187,500 99 1 65

Xun Nha 9,336 19 1515 9895 1,680 1,637 0.3 375,000 61

Tn Xun* 15,819 9 672 3,722 1,824 1,799 160,000 100 -

S bn 7 8 S h 574 602 Dn s 2,642 3,266 Nam 1,286 1,542 N 1,316 1,724 T l Tng Dn s (%) 0.6 3.6 Thu nhp Bnh qun 420,000 191,600 (VN/thng) Nng nghip (%) 60 99.5 Lm nghip (%) Cc ngnh khc (%) 40 T l H Ngho (%) 50 91.7 *Cc x c thnh lp nm 2007 thng tin gii hn
Ngun: c chnh sa t Ngoc v Kaul, 2009 v DRCC, 2008b

5.1.2 Cc x b nh hng bi D n
S pht trin ca TSHPP s nh hng n khong 1.691 h gia nh v 7.546 ngi dn trong khu vc d n (Bng 5-2) (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Cc kho st v vng t ai thu hi v qua hai vng tham vn cng ng cho thy mt s lng bn s b nh hng mt cch tch cc vhoc tiu cc bi d n thng qua mt hoc nhiu cch sau y (Tercia Consultants, 2009): Bn (cc bn) yu cu phi ti nh c; Bn (cc bn) b nh hng t s xy dng v pht trin cc tuyn ng vo; Bn (cc bn) b nh hng v ng v tr h ngun; Bn (cc bn) b nh hng do cnh ng dy ti in hoc hng ng cp in cho khu vc; Bn (cc bn) b nh hng do mt t, suy gim nng sut nng nghip; v Lng (cc lng) b nh hng do ng cng nhn xy dng vo khu vc.

Mt bn m t chi tit tng bn b nh hng c trnh by trong Phn 7.0. Mt s bn c cc h gia nh b nh hng nng. y l nhng h gia nh b nh hng bi d n vi tng ti sn thit hi do d n l (a) mt t nht 10% t sn xut hoc ti sn hoc c hai; hoc phi (b) di di; . Ngoi cc h gia nh v c nhn b nh hng bi d n, cc cng trnh cng cng ti bn x (Trung Sn, Trung L, Mng L v Tn Xun) cng s b nh hng. Nhng

| P a g e 109

vng ny bao gm bn trng hc, mt trm y t, ng s, ng ng dn nc, my pht in v 632 ngi m (Tercia Consultants, 2009).

Bng 5-2: Cc h gia nh b nh hng bi TSHPP

Impact Source Khu vc h cha Di di t sn xut b nh hng (nhng khng b di di) T liu sn xut b nh hng ngoi t (vd: hng qun) nhng khng b di di Tng Nm trong khu vc xy dng d n Tng Cc h mt t cho nhng ngi ti nh c mi n Tng ng vo cng trng H di di t sn xut b nh hng (nhng khng b di di) T liu sn xut b nh hng ngoi t (vd: hng qun) nhng khng b di di Tng ng in Tng Tng s b nh hng Di di t sn xut b nh hng (nhng khng b di di T liu sn xut b nh hng ngoi t (vd: hng qun) nhng khng b di di Tng s 575 1691 27 1,6913 2,506 3,140 98 7,5464 TBD1 TBD 66 420 20 486 274 1680 75 1944 3572 1535 40 168 509 292 7 808 2,289 1,593 23 3,899 S h b nh hng S ngi b nh hng

Lu : Bng 5-2 khng gm cc h c th b nh hng bi tc ng h lu. Cc h ny ch c th xc nh sau khi d n i vo vn hnh

1 Tuyn ng dy in cha c xc nh 2 Mt phn ca 357 h cng l cc h b nh hng bi khu vc h cha v cng trng thi cng trn 3 Khng bao gm cc h b nh hng bi ng in 4 Khng bao gm s ngi b nh hng bi ng dy in. Ngun: T vn Tercia, 2009

| P a g e 110

5.1.3 Cc dn tc thiu s
Nm mi phn trm dn s ca tnh Sn La v Thanh Ha l cc nhm dn tc thiu s. Con s ny cao hn t l phn trm dn tc thiu s ton quc vi khong 14% (DRCC, 2008b). Dn s trong vng d n bao gm ba nhm dn tc: Thi (85%), t nhm ngn ng dn tc Ty - Thi; Mng (13%), t nhm ngn ng dn tc Vit-Mng; v Mng (2%), t nhm ngn ng dn tc Mng-Dao (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Khong 75% cc nhm dn tc thiu s sng trong vng ni pha Bc v mt phn ca Ty Nguyn (Ty Nguyn ca Vit Nam), trong khi phn cn li sng ti cc tnh pha Nam v cc khu vc th khc (Bng 5 3) (DRCC, 2008b) . Nhn tng th, cc nhm dn tc thiu s sinh sng ch yu nng thn, nm vng su, vng xa (nh 5-1).

nh 5-1: Nh trong Vng TSHPP Hu ht ngi Thi cc x Trung L, Mng L v Trung Sn u c th c cng t tin di c t Xun Nha ( huyn Mc Chu) (DRCC, 2008b). Khng ging nh ngi Kinh, du canh du c rt ph bin trong cc tnh ny, cc nhm ngi dn tc thiu s thng du canh du c theo gia nh hoc nhm cc gia nh (DRCC, 2008b). Cng ng ngi Thi v Mng c tp qun ngi cng dng mu sng cng nh hoc cng x. Sau mt qu trnh nhiu nm chung sng vi nhau, gi y rt kh phn bit gia cc c nhn ngi Mng v ngi Thi (DRCC, 2008b). Khi ngi Thi di chuyn ch , s c mt nghi thc i vi lng v th a di i ni khc v ho nhp vo mt mi trng mi (CPRD, 2008). Khu vc TSHPP c mt b dy lch s ca ngi Thi, khong 400 n 500 nm trc. Ngi Thi ni ngn ng c bt ngun t h thng Thi-Kadai (DRCC, 2008b). Cc nhm ngi Thi nh c cc khu vc t thp gn ngun nc v thch hp cho vic trng la nc v nh c (PECC4, 2008). La nc l ngun lng thc chnh ca h. Mc d la nc l cy nng nghip chnh, nhng cc dn tc ny ph thuc nng n vo lm sn, nh tre lung, cho nhu cu cuc sng. V d, nh thng l nh sn, c thit k ti a ha cho sn xut nng nghip (DRCC, 2008b)

| P a g e 111

Bng 5-3: T l phn trm (%) Cc nhm Dn tc thiu s C kh nng B nh hng bi TSHPP
Nhm Dn tc Trung Tam Chung thiu s Sn 59.15 52.99 Thi 40 9.80 Mng 36.87 Mng 0.84 0.33 Kinh Ngun: Chuyn th t DRCC, 2008b Mng L 22.73 15.06 62.19 Trung L 29.09 4.10 65.02 1.49 Xun Nha 66.19 33.80 Tn Xun 55.23 10.25 36.55 0.29

Mi nh u nui gia sc v thng sn xut gm cho mnh. Vi th cm y mu sc c o (nh 5-2) c dt bi ngi Thi v ngi Mng ang nhanh chng bin mt trong cc x. Khng c th trng ln sn xut th cm, cc sn phm dt ny thng c s dng trong gia nh v chun b cho nhng ngi con gi chun b ci chng theo truyn thng (DRCC, 2008b).

nh 5-2: Vi th cm Sn phm th cng truyn thng ca ngi Thi (DRCC, 2008b) Ngi Mng di c xung Vit Nam theo hai ln sng khc nhau trong khong t 100 n 300 nm trc. Cc nghin cu dn tc hc v ngn ng hc ch ra rng ngi Mng c chia ra thnh cc nhm Mng ph khc nhau. Ngi Mng ni ting ch c tr ti cc khu vc trng cy thuc phin (DRCC, 2008b). Theo mt s trng bn, nhiu h gia nh c nh chuyn sang Lo trnh s ngho i trong vng. Chnh ph hin ang thc hin cc d n n nh ngi Mng ti huyn Mng Lt bng cch cung cp cho h nhiu dch v i sng tt hn (DRCC, 2008b). Ngi Mng c vn ha khc bit vi x hi Vit Nam ch o v vi hai nhm dn tc kia. H sng ch yu trong cc lng Mng v hu nh khng c s kt hn lin thng (Tercia Consultant, 2009).

5.2

Cu trc cng ng v cc dch v

5.2.1 Vn ha
Phong tc vn ha ca ngi dn tc Mng v ngi dn tc Thi rt ging nhau, vi mt s s khc bit nh trong trang phc ca ph n. Ngi Mng v ngi Thi cng chung sng

| P a g e 112

vi ngi Kinh v c s tng ng v cc hot ng sn xut nng nghip. S khc bit vn ha nh gia cc dn tc ch yu tp trung vo cc nghi l truyn thng (CPRD, 2008). Nghi l th cng thng ko di trong hai ngy i hi ngi ch nh cng nhau cng t ln, g, ru, cm np. Mi ngi s cu nguyn cho ma thun gi ha, ma mng bi thu (DRCC, 2008b). Ni th cng thing ling hay Khing Sn ( nh 5-3) l ni nghi l cu nguyn c c hnh. Nghi l c c hnh bi ngi c uy tn trong cng ng hoc l trng bn vo ngy 14 v 15 m lch. Trong cc bn ni ngi Thi v ngi Mng cng nhau sinh sng, l vt cng t thn linh thng rt phc tp v i hi 2 i din ca hai bn ng u c hnh nghi l. (CPRD,2008).

Photo 5-3: Khing sn Nng 1 5.2.2 Gia nh v cu trc cng ng

Cu trc gia nh truyn thng c s thay i r rt trong cng ng ngi Thi, ngi Mng v ngi Mng v d nh gia nh ht nhn c 3 hay 4 th h khng cn tn ti. K t khi nh nc qun l t ai v chia t ai cho cc h gia nh, s kinh t hn cho cc h gia nh sng tch bit nhau bi iu ny cho php c nhiu t hn v sau c s hu tp th bi mt nhm gia nh. S phn chia t tip sau gia cc gia nh h hng nh hng ln ti vic duy tr s kt ni gia nh, c bit gia ngi Thi v ngi Mng (DRCC,2008b). Hu ht bn b chia ct t nhin bi dng sng M v ngi dn c khuynh hng sng ri rc da trn vic kt hn. Mc d mt s lng bn khng c vic nhp c, nhng nhng ngi cng mt dng di dn tc thng tham gia hi hp vi cc bn lng khc (nh 5-4) hoc gip cc thnh vin gia nh (DRCC,2008b). Hin ti cc lng bn ca ngi Thi v ngi Mng hoc sng tch bit hoc sng cng trong mt bn, y l kt qu ca cc cp a dn tc ng o. Dng nh khng c s phn bit i x gia cc gia nh trong hai dn tc. Tuy nhin, mi dn tc u c phong tc v truyn thng ring (CPRD,2008).

| P a g e 113

nh 5-4: Cuc hp cng ng (DRCC, 2008b)

Ph n thng t quyn hnh hn n ng. Phn ln cc ch h l n ng v trng hp ph n cai qun gia nh c khuynh hng b gii hn trong vic sn xut nng nghip v ph thuc nhiu vo ngi khc trong lng. nhng vng ny thc s rt thiu ngun vn h tr cho ph n c th gip h trong vic pht trin trng trt nng nghip hay chn nui. Ph n c khuyn khch kt hn trc 18 tui (Chi v Garcia-Lozano, 2008).

5.2.3 Nh ca
Khong 90% dn c sng trong cc ngi nh iu kin tt, thng l nh sn (nh 5-5). V nh sn th 56.5% c lm t g, cn 32.5% l tre. Nh kin c hay nh bn kin c thng c dng st cc con ng hoc trung tm lng bn. Khong 10% nh l 1 n hai tng (Ly v Kaul, 2009) v ch 60% nh c nh v sinh gin n c dng t tre. (CPRD,2008).

5.2.4 Gio dc
Hin ti tt c cc bn lng tnh Thanh Ha u c trng tiu hc v trng cp hai. Mc d trng hc c duy tr nhng t l hc sinh n trng kh thp (PECC4,2008). Cc phng hc thiu dng c ging dy v thiu cc c s vt cht ti thiu. Phn ln gio vin l nam, dn tc Kinh. Gio vin ngi dn tc thiu s khng ph bin, tuy nhin khong 50% gio vin bn Mng L l ngi dn tc thiu s. (DDRC,2008). T l m ch rt ln, c bit trong cc bn c a s ngi Mng sinh sng. N gii c khuynh hng m ch cao hn bi v phi dnh thi gian trng tr, nn t c thi gian hc hnh. Ngi ta suy on rng thiu vng s gio dc cho ph n trc tip nh hng n cht lng gio dc ca tr (DRCC,2008).

| P a g e 114

nh 5-5: Nhng ngi nh c th cc bn lng TSHPP 5.2.5 Dch v y t v cng ng

Mc d truyn ming l cch truyn tin ph bin ti cc lng bn ngoi tr Mng L v Tn Xun c h thng pht thanh 2 ln 1 ngy (DRCC, 2008b). Nm 2005, s lng in thoi ti huyn Quan Haa v Mai Chu ln lt l 820 v 1.460 my. Lin lc gia cc lng bn b gii hn bi dch v in thoi cha c lp t mt s lng bn nh Tn Xun (PECC4,2008; DRCC, 2008b). T l phn trm s gia nh c ti vi l: 81.3% Trung Sn; 14,9% Mng L, 30% Trung L, 30% Tam Chung v 80% Xun Nha (DRCC, 2008b). Khng mt lng bn no trong d n c ch sinh hot cng ng. mi bn, c mt s h gia nh bn mt vi dng thit yu dng cho sinh hot. V giao thng khng thun li gia cc lng bn, nn gi c c khuynh hng t hn i vi cc mt hng a phng (DRCC,2008b). C mt ch Huyn Mng Lt, trong khi phn ln cc ca hiu iu cch ti thiu 45 km ( cc huyn Mc Chu v Quan Ha) t v tr d n. C mt ch ng kh ln, tuy nhin nhng ngi bun s thng cung cp ging trc v mua sn phm vi gi r hn (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Nm trong s cc bn c trung tm y t n nh hoc bn n nh. Trung tm y t thng thng c mt thy thuc v hai y t. Tn Xun l vng cha c trung tm y t (DRCC, 2008b). Bng 5-4 th hin cht lng cc c s y t ba tnh. Bng 5-5 m t s cn b y t mi n v hnh chnh cc tnh b nh hng bi d n so snh vi vng Ty Bc v c nc. S lng cn b y t trung bnh trong vng nh hng d n l bn, thp hn mc trung bnh ton quc l nm cn b y t. C mt s c s t nhn, tuy nhin d liu khng thu thp c, nhng c ti thiu 100 ging bnh t tnh Thanh Ha (Ly v Kaul, 2009).

| P a g e 115

Bng 5-4: S lng cc c s y t v ging bnh Tnh Bnh vin tnh

Thit b S ging

Bnh vin huyn

Thit b S ging

Phng khm a khoa cm x

Thit b S ging

Trung tm y t x
Thit b S ging

Sn La Ha Bnh Thanh Ha

4 4 7

620 420 1660

11 11 26

850 805 2760

19 23 29

270 115 491

201 209 627

1005 836 3600

Ngun: Ly and Kaul, 2009

Bnh vin a khoa vng ch yu cung cp cc dch v y t trong phm vi cc phng x nht nh trong cc huyn. Mc ch l gim bt gnh nng v bnh vin cng hin thiu ging bnh. Cc Trung tm y t ny cng to iu kin gip chn on v ni soi sm (PECC4, 2008). T l tim phng trong s tr em l 100% (khng cn n tim ti bnh vin). Trm y t x l n v iu tr chm sc sc khe cng cng chnh. Cc trm ny c trch nhim thc hin cc dch v y t v qun l sc khe cc lng bn (L v Kaul, 2009).

Bng 5-5: S cn b y t bnh qun mi n v hnh chnh n v hnh chnh X Huyn Tnh
Ngun: Ly and Kaul, 2009

Vit Nam 5.4 100 1308

Ty Bc 5 92 636

Sn La 5 101 936

Ha Bnh 5 64 517

Thanh Ha 4 112 2072

Chm sc y t cng ng v cc chng trnh k hoch ha gia nh c thc hin lm gim s ly lan ca dch bnh nh bnh st rt (PECC4, 2008a). T l tim chng tr em l 100% (DRCC, 2008b). cp tnh, ti Ha Bnh v Sn La mi tnh c bn bnh vin trong khi tnh Thanh Ho c by bnh vin(HESDI, 2008). Cc bnh x c trang b ngho nn, nhng trng hp bnh nghim trng u c chuyn trc tip ln bnh vin huyn (PECC4, 2008a). Ti huyn Mc Chu, cc bnh thng thng ch yu l nh cm, a chy, vim phi, au dy thn kinh v sng A-mi-an trong khi huyn Quan Ho, Mng Lt cc bnh thng thy l vim hng, au dy thn kinh, vim ph qun, tiu chy, lao v vim khp. Hu ht cc bn lng trong khu vc d n u c chi tr bo him chm sc sc khe bi tnh trng h ngho v tin tr cp t chnh ph (HESDI, 2008). Bnh st rt, st xut huyt, ung th gan v thn, nghin Ma ty, HIV v AIDS ang lan rng. Theo B Y t, c mt s ph bin cao ca bnh st rt ti ba tnh. Cc loi hnh bnh tt ca cc x trong huyn Mc Chu tp trung ch yu vo cm, tiu chy, vim phi, au thn kinh v vim amian. Ti cc huyn Quan Haa v Mng Lt, cc bnh thng thng nht l au hng, vim amian, vim ph qun, tiu chy, bnh lao v vim khp (L v Kaul, 2009). Th nghim HIV khng th c thc hin ti cc trung tm y t x. Trong khu vc d n, cc vn y t ph bin nht l cm, ng c thc phm v tiu chy v cc vn y t lin quan n tai nn giao thng (Tercia Consultants, 2009).

| P a g e 116

V hin trng trn, trong cc bn thuc khu vc d n, nghin ma ty v cc bnh khc thc s c quan tm (nh 5-6) (DRCC, 2008b). Cc huyn vng d n c xem l "im nng" v tim chch ma ty (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Mng Lt cng c trung tm cai nghin do lc lng bin phng qun l. Trung L v Mng L, nm trong khu vc thi cng d n, u l a im phn nhnh vn chuyn ma ty ca ngi Mng (HESDI, 2008). T l t vong ca tr s sinh (IMR) thng c s dng l thc o ch s sc khe ca mt nc, v IRM phn nh iu kin, cht lng cuc sng, gio dc v cht lng y t c bit i vi sc khe b m tr em (Ly v Kaul, 2009). Cc tnh Sn La, Thanh Ha v Ha Bnh c t l t vong tr s sinh cao nht Vng ty bc Vit Nam (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Do tnh cch dn tc, vng su vng xa ng x kh khn, v thiu cc dch v y t, hu ht cc b m cc lng bn u sinh con nh, Ngi chng thng h tr h trong vic sinh n, tr khi c nhng s c trong qu trnh (DRCC, 2008b).

nh 5-6: Cc kim tim vt b 5.2.6 C s h tng

5.2.6.1 Giao thng Vn ti qua lu vc sng M nhn chung cn hn ch v h thng ng x vn l ng t, a hnh trc tr cng vi i ni dc (nh 5-7). Hin ti, cc huyn Trung L, Trung Sn, Xun Nha, Tn Xun c ng vo lng bn (DRCC, 2008b). Cc con ng chnh ni cc huyn Quan Ha v Mng Lt n tnh Thanh Ha v Ha Bnh c ri nha. huyn Quan Ha, ng s kh tt cho n huyn Mng Lt (Tercia Consultants, 2009). ng giao thng gia cc bn ang rt bt cp, y nhng o ni v sui ct ngang, c bit kh khn nht l trong ma ma l (CAHAEE, 2008). Thng th rt kh khn trong vic n vi cc lng bn v h thng giao thng ng bn ch yu l cc con ng khng c lt , do hn ch vic giao dch thng mi v giao thng n cc lng bn c bit l trong ma ma (DRCC, 2008b). Trong ma kh, xe con c th vo c cc x Trung Son, Trung L v Xun Nha (CAHAEE, 2008). Bi a hnh t nhin g gh, ng s trong vng d n thng qu nh v kh i li bng xe con hay xe ti. Cc x Tam Chung v Mng L ch c th vo bng xe my (DRCC, 2008b).

| P a g e 117

nh 5-7: Nhng con ng in hnh cc khu vc TSHPP

5.2.6.2 in Di 10% cc h gia nh trong vng d n kt ni vi mng li in quc gia, hoc s dng cc my pht in cng sut nh l 58% (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Khong 404 h trong cc x vng d n c kt ni v s dng in li (DRCC, 2008b). Phn ln cc h ny sng huyn Mng Lt (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Cn li l nhng h gia nh s dng ngun thp sng t nn v n du(DRCC, 2008b). 5.2.6.3 Nc Ngun nc t cc ngn ni hay t cc m nc l ngun nc chnh cho khu vc lng bn (DRCC, 2008b). Mt s nh h gia nh t o ging sinh hot (HESDI, 2008). Ngun nc sch t cc dng sui cung cp 97% nc cho cc h gia nh (CPRD, 2008). Phn ln lng nc sinh hot hng ngy c cung cp trc tip t cc p nc, con sng, ao h, v cc dng sui (41%), trong khi 32 % ngun nc c ngi dn ly v thng qua h thng mng nc bng tre t cc khe sui nh (mng lan) (HESDI, 2008).

5.3

Kinh t

Chun kinh t-x hi huyn Mc Chu thp hn cc huyn khc tnh Thanh Ha v Sn La bi cc vn v ni cao, giao thng v yu km v c s h tng (DRCC, 2008b). Tng thu nhp ni a (GDP) ca tnh Thanh Ha chim 2,83% tng GDP quc gia trong vng 5 nm qua, t l tng trng GDP trung bnh l 10,1%. Ti tnh Thanh Ha, nng nghip (35%), cng nghip (32%), dch v (33%) l 3 ngnh kinh t chnh. Sn xut la l sn xut nng nghip ph bin nht chim 65% cc hot ng nng nghip, trong khi chn nui ch chim 25%. Mc d 75% lu vc sng M dnh cho sn xut lm nghip, tuy nhin sn lng lm nghip y kh thp. Cng nghip trong khu vc chm pht trin, tp trung c bn vo sn xut ma ng v sn xut nguyn liu (DRCC, 2008b).

5.3.1 Thu nhp

Cc cuc kho st cho thy rng thu nhp trung bnh ca cc bn cn rt thp v thp hn c chun ngho . Thu nhp bnh qun u ngi trn thng cng bin ng trong cc x b nh hng bi d n (Bng 5-6) (DRCC, 2008b). Cc dn tc thiu s trong khu vc d n vn cn

| P a g e 118

tn ti h thng kinh t truyn thng, ph thuc ch yu vo trng trt trn cc vng i ni v tn dng cc ngun c sn t thin nhin (nh 5-8) (DRCC, 2008b).

nh 5-8: Lng trong khu vc TSHPP

Thu nhp gia nh t 4 ngun chnh (Tercia Consultants, 2009): Trng trt (70-80%), (La ry, ng, sn v u tng); Chn nui (b, ln, gia cm); lm nghip (tre lung); v ngh khc ( l ngun thu nhp chnh cho cc x b nh hng trong vng d n): Chn nui (10%), c th bao gm thu hoch t rng, ch yu l chn nui tru b; Tre lung v cc hot ng lm nghip khc (5-20%); v Thu hi cc sn phm lm nghip phi truyn thng , cho thu nhp vo ma gip ht.

Ngun thu nhp thm vo nh bn cc sn phm trng trt trong vn nh hoa mu, tri cy. Thu nhp bnh qun h gia nh trong khu vc l 6-15 triu ng/mt nm. Trong , 3-5 triu ng l t sn xut nng nghip, lm nghip l 3-10 triu ng /mt nm (Ly v Kaul, 2009).

Bng 5-6: Thu nhp trung bnh ca cc x nh hng bi d n X Trung Sn Muong L Trung L Tam Chung Xun Nha Trung Thnh Thnh Sn Mi ngi trn nm (VND) 5,040,000 1,800,000 2,250,000 4,500,000 1,920,000 3,600,000 4,680,000 Mi gia nh trn nm (VND) 22,227,254 10,489,315 12,619,881 20,905,462 10,336,047, 17,750,093 26,945,454 | P a g e 119

Ngun: Chuyn th t DRCC, 2008b

Trong a s cc lng bn, thu hoch tre lung v la c ng gp vo ngun thu nhp hng nm. Vn ti trn sng M l hot ng nhiu li nhun, khong t 15-20 triu VND mi nm cho cc h gia nh c mt chic thuyn (Tercia Consultants, 2009). a hnh v c trng thm thc vt ca vng hn ch s pht trin ngnh cng nghip. Trong cc lng bn thuc khu vc d n, sn xut cng nghip v cng nghip nh ch p ng nhu cu a phng v lc lng lao ng hn ch nng sut sn xut. C s vt cht giao thng vn ti ngho nn v giao thng vo cc lng bn kh khn to ra nhng ro cn v thng mi trong khu vc (PECC4, 2008a). Cng nghip ch bin ti Mc Chu, Qun Ho, Mng Lt vn cn l nhng c s nh l. Nhng vng ny sn xut nguyn liu (, ct, gch, ngi), cc sn phm gia cng (thc n, ung, sn phm dt, qun o, sn phm t g v giy) v cc sn phm c kh ( my mc, xe c c ng c) (PECC4, 2008a). Dt l mt trong cc hot ng ni bt ca ngi Thi v ngi Mng, mc d iu ny t ph bin ngy nay (DRCC, 2008b). Mt s gia nh dt th cm p ng nhu cu gia nh v cho cc nghi l truyn thng, tuy nhin khng c th trng bn ngoi cho nhng sn phm ny (DRCC, 2008b).

5.3.2 Lao ng
Ngun cung cp lao ng ti lu vc sng M thp v thiu nhn lc c o to v c bng cp. Kin thc truyn thng l ngun thng tin chnh cho c lnh vc nng nghip v lm nghip (DRCC, 2008b). Hin ti, c lc lng lao ng khong 11.394 ngi ti cc x Trung Sn, Mng L, Trung L, Tam Chung, v Xun Nha . Trong , 98% lao ng nng nghip (PECC4, 2008a). S ny chim khong 51% tng dn s ca khu vc (PECC4, 2008a). Cng vic chn tay nng nhc c nhng ngi n ng trong lng bn m nhn, trong khi ph n ph trch cc cng vic nh nhng v mt nhiu th gi hn. Cc hot ng khc trong sn xut nng lm nghip, chng hn nh phat thc b, gieo ht, ct c, thu hoch c chia s bi c n ng v ph n trong gia nh, nhng s lng thi gian dnh cho vic vt khc nhau gia hai gii. Thi gian mt ngi ph n cho sn xut, thu hoch ko di t 9-11 gi/ngy, trong khi ngi n ng ng gp t 7-8 gi / ngy. Trong c cu gia nh, ngi ph n c vai tr chnh v nui dy tr em. Do tp qun dn tc, nam gii rt him khi thc hin vic vt trong gia nh (chun b thc phm, ra, git gi vv), c bit l trong cc x dn tc Mng, v ph n thng s mang con ci ca h trn lng trong khi thc hin vic vt trong gia nh. Gnh nng cng vic gia nh nh hng mnh m kh nng ca mt ngi ph n i hc hoc tham gia cc s kin x hi. Thiu gio dc v o to hn ch kin thc c bn ca n gii , trc tip nh hng n cht lng chm sc dnh cho tr em. iu ny l gii ti sao ph n vng su thng i ngho (DRCC, 2008b).

5.3.3 i ngho
Ngho i l c trng r rt ca vng v c s lin h r rng gia s h ngho i v c cu ngh nghip trong x (DRCC, 2008b). T l ngho cao rt ph bin ti cc bn lng vng su vng xa, min ni v cc vng ni ngi dn tc thiu s sinh sng. Vng bit lp, kh tip cn, c s h tng pht trin yu km v iu kin thi tit bt li cng gy kh khn v thch thc cho iu kin sng (DRCC, 2008b). Cc lng bn ny c dch v b hn ch, v c s h tng km pht trin (DRCC, 2008b).

| P a g e 120

Huyn Mng Lt l mt trong nhng huyn ngho nht Vit Nam, v ti Trung L, 91% s h c phn loi l h ngho vi 35% s gia nh i quanh nm (HESDI, 2008). Tam Chung cn c t l h ngho cao hn (91,7%) v Mng L (90, 7%) u l nhng bn Ngi Mng sinh sng (DRCC, 2008b). Mt s lng ln ngi dn di c vo Ty Nguyn cho "trin vng kinh t" tt hn (DRCC, 2008b). Cc h gia nh nng thn vi thu nhp bnh qun 200.000 (hoc thp hn) ng /1 ngi/1 thng c xem l h ngho, cn thnh th l 260.000 (hoc thp hn) ng/1 ngi/1 ngy l h ngho (DRCC, 2008b). Cch kim k sinh nhai ca cc vng dn tc thiu s khng nng ng nh ngi Kinh. Chnh ph thc hin chng trnh trn cc lnh vc chm sc sc khe, gio dc, kinh t, x hi nhm khuyn khch pht trin kinh t cc vng dn tc thiu s nhm gim khong cch phn ha giu ngho gia vng dn tc thiu s v cc vng khc (DRCC, 2008b). Mc cho cc n lc ca Chnh ph, t l gim ngho trong cc dn tc thiu s vn chm hn ngi Kinh, thm ch c khi cc cc nhn sng cng mt khu vc hoc x (DRCC, 2008b).

5.4

Nng sut rung t

5.4.1 S dng t
Khu vc t nhin bao quanh vng d n c din tch khong 73.000 ha. Tng s din tch t dnh cho nng nghip kh nh so vi phn ln c s dng cho lm nghip (Bng 5-3, nh 5-9) (DRCC, 2008b). Mc d vy, 75-95% cc h gia nh trong cc x vng d n l sn xut nng nghip (DRCC, 2008b). Giy chng nhn quyn s dng t c giao cho mi h; tuy nhin, ranh gii khng r rng, c bit l vng cao. Din tch t giao cho cc h thng chnh lch, bi mt s h ch c 1.5 ha trong khi h khc c 50 ha (Tercia Consultants, 2009).

Bng 5-7: S dng t ca cc x vng d n

Cc x vng d n Trung Sn Mng L Trung L Tam Chung Xun Nha Tn Xun Din tch canh tc nng nghip (ha) La nc La nng 54.14 350.6 10 450 33 879 62.6 270 6.73 71.81 397 Din tch rng (ha) T nhin 2,774.3 1,768 7,526 20 Sn xut 2,818.0 2,100.39 6,500 2361.8 142.25

Ngun: Chuyn th t DRCC, 2008b

Bn x tnh Thanh Ha chim khong 36.000 ha t lm nghip, khong 73,64% t t nhin. Khong 42.3% (15.243,58 ha) t c s dng sn xut lm nghip trong 23,7% (12.165 ha ) v 33,86% (12.165ha) l rng phng h. Ti Xun Nha, 16.121 ha l t lm nghip, 25 ha trong l rng trng li. Rng phng h khong 16.096 ha (PECC4, 2008a).

| P a g e 121

Photo 5-9: Rng lung quanh Sng M

t trng trt b thoi ha nghim trong sau ma ma do kt qu trng trt cn 15-30% (nh 5-10). Xi mn l mt thch thc ln nht i vi nng nghip khi m ph nhiu ca t gim nhanh chng ch sau 2-3 nm (DRCC, 2008b). Bi t dc, tng mng cn ci v ma kh ko di, vng d n ph hp hn vi canh tc la nng (DRCC, 2008b).

nh 5-10: Cc sn dc b xi mn vng d n TSHP 5.4.2 Nng nghip

5.4.2.1 Sn lng ma v Sn xut nng nghip l hnh thc lao ng c bn trong khu vc d n. Khong 40-60% tng thu nhp h gia nh ph thuc vo canh tc trng trt (nh 5-11) (Tercia Consultants, 2009). La, ng, v sn l nhng cy trng ma v c bn (PECC4, 2008a), mc d sn xut chnh vn tp trung vo cy la (DRCC, 2008b). Cc x nng nghip, c bit l vng su vng xa Mng Lt, thuc chng trnh 135 ca Vit Nam, trong khuyn khch vic xy dng c s h tng nh cho cc x ngho v pht trin cc hot ng khuyn khch nng nghip v lm

| P a g e 122

nghip thng qua vic m rng ng dng cng ngh tin tin v pht trin k nng (DRCC, 2008b). Phng php canh tc truyn thng l la nc, la nng, ng v sn (DRCC, 2008b). Cc cnh ng gn sui c th thu hoch hai v mt nm nhng sn lng vn thp v thiu nc, do t cn ci v t u t thm canh. (PECC4, 2008a). a hnh tnh Thanh Ha khng thch hp cho trng canh tc la ngoi tr huyn Xun Nha, vi a hnh bng phng v c ngun nc di do (PECC4, 2008a). Ba lng dc theo sng M cc x Tam Chung v Tn Xun chim gn nh tt c cc ng la nc trong vng d n. La nc chim khong 14% tng sn lng go ti Trung Sn v ch chim 2% trong c hai x Mng L v Trung L (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Khng c cc h thng thu li quy m ln, ngoi tr mt s p nc nh xy dng bi nhng ngi dn a phng gip ti cho cc ng la.

nh 5-11: Sn xut Nng nghip

khu vc min ni, canh tc la nng hay canh tc rung bc thang l hot ng ph bin, bnh qun mt h s dng 2-3 ha. Lun canh la - ng - sn hin ti c p dng ph bin theo sau l thi gian b ha khong ba n bn nm. Canh tc trong vn h thng hn ch v thng l trng cy n qu (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Cc h gia nh a phng trng lc u v cc loi cy n qu khc. Sn lng cy trng thp v thiu u t v cc k thut canh tc tin tin (PECC4, 2008a). Bng 5-8 miu t sn lng nng nghip cc bn. C s hn ch trong cng tc khuyn nng v trng trt v chn nui. Cy trng thng thng c cung cp bi Phng kinh t huyn thng qua hi nng dn v cc n v dn tc thiu s ca huyn. Ngi dn a phng thc s quan tm ti vic tng cng k thut canh tc vi s tham gia ca hi nng dn v hi ph n DRCC, 2008b).

| P a g e 123

Bng 5-8: Sn lng nng nghip ca x nm 2006

X Trung Sn Din tch 1 Nng sut 2 Sn lng3 Trung L Din tch Nng sut Sn lng Tam Chung Din tch Nng sut Sn lng Mng L Din tch Nng sut Sn lng Xun Nha Din tch Nng sut Sn lng La nc V V h ng 19.7 30 59.6 37 30 111.0 88.7 27 241.3 8.5 30 25.5 151 32 483.2 1.2 28 3.4 5.0 27 13.5 28.6 24 68.6 7.5 26 19.5 85 29 246.5 La nn g 58.5 8 46.8 323.7 8 258.9 108.7 8 86.9 380.0 8 304.0 200 10 200 Ng 135.0 30 405.0 475.0 30 1425.0 246.0 30 738.0 220.0 30 660.0 400 31 1240 Sn 264.0 70 1848 29.70 70 207.7 45 70 315.0 44.7 70 312.7 110 75 825 Lc Rau 19.5 120 234 7.0 120 84.0 1.5 20 3.0 0.5 120 6.0 6 20 12 u 74.7 20 149.4 1.0 20 2.0 0.5 20 1.0 0.5 20 0 170 51 868

0 3.0 7 2.0

0 0 0 0 4 120 48

1 2

n v Din tch = ha n v Nng sut = t/ha 3 n v Sn lng = tn

Ngun: Ci bin t PECC4, 2008

5.4.2.2 Chn nui Vt nui khng phi l ngun thu nhp chnh ca ngi dn trong khu vc mc d ngi Thi v ngi Mng vn c truyn thng nui gia sc v gia cm. Hn ch v k thut, ngi dn a phng nui trng t, vt nui khng c chm sc, tt c to nn hiu qu kinh t thp trong ngnh chn nui ca khu vc (PECC4, 2008). Cc con vt nui c s dng nh l vt cng t ca gia nh trong cc nghi l nh l m ci, m ma v dng nh mi (Chi v Garcia-Lozano 2008). Trong nm 2007, dch ln tai xanh lan rng tnh Thanh Ha nn ngi dn a phng trnh vic git sc vt phn phi sang cc lng khc (DRCC, 2008b). Trung bnh mi h gia nh c 1 n 2 con b/con tru tuy nhin mt s h gia nh c 3 n 4 con b hoc con tru, 1 n 2 con ln, 10 n 15 con gia cm. Nhng con vt c nui khng theo k hoch no c (PECC4, 2008) v nhng ngi nng dn th rng nhng con vt nui chng kim n (nh 5-12) (DRCC, 2008b). Khng c ng c hay cy lm thc n gia sc no c trng, v phn chung nhn chung khng c s dng lm phn hu c (Tercia Consultants, 2009)

| P a g e 124

nh 5-12: Gia sc Khu vc TSHPP 5.4.3 Lm nghip

Rng chim mt t l ln cc vng t t nhin trong khu vc d n (DRCC, 2008b) v lm nghip l mt phn quan trng ca i sng ngi dn cc x (CAHAEE, 2008). Cc loi t gip sng M thuc loi mu m v gp phn vo sn xut ca ngnh lm nghip (CPRD, 2008). Nhng khu rng quanh lng thng c giao cho cc h gia nh, c nhn, trong khi cc khu rng lin k c qun l bo v bi Chnh ph (DRCC, 2008b). G v cc lm sn phi g, nh mng v nm, c thu hoch t thng t n thng by hng nm. a s cc h gia nh c l t i lin k khai thc g v sn xut lm nghip y thng l trng tre lung hoc cy ht (DRCC, 2008b). Nhiu h gia nh cc x Trung L, Mng L v Trung Sn pht trin trang tri trng tre lung, gip cung cp mt ngun thu nhp n nh. Hin nay, cy trng che ph mt phn ln din tch khu vc s tch nc trong vng d n. Trong s ny, din tch sn xut cy lung l cao nht. Theo cc cuc kho st trc y, cy lung chim phn ln ca cc huyn Mng Lt v hin ang qu non thu hoch (CAHAEE). Nng sut Lm nghip trong khong 20 - 40 kg mng tre kh/ h / nm. Cc sn phm khc, chng hn nh mt ong v ng vt hoang d, cng c thu lm trong cc thng, nhng nng sut thp (DRCC, 2008b). Cc h gia nh sng ph thuc vo lm nghip ch yu bn cc loi tre lung bn a (nh 513). Lung (Dendrocalamus sp.) l ngun thu nhp lm nghip chnh v c trng dc theo b ca Sng M v Sng Quanh ti cc x Trung Sn v Tn Xun. Trong ba nm u mi trng, tre lung c trng chung vi sn. Trong khu vc c dc cao hn, vi cc ngun cung cp nc khan him, ngi dn pht trin trng rng gip chng li ci i v gim ngho (DRCC, 2008).

| P a g e 125

nh 5-13: Sn phm lung 5.4.4 Nui trng thy sn

Trn a hnh vng ni do b mt nc rt t nn ngnh thy sn khng pht trin nh nng nghip v lm nghip. Ao c khng ph bin v hu ht ch cc vng thung lng ln cc x Tam Chung v Tn Xun. nh bt c sng M l ngun thu nhp quan trng cho cc x h lu con p, nht l khi phn ln cc loi c y u c gi tr th trng cao (Tercia Consultants, 2009). Nui trng thy sn kh ph bin cc x ven bin v nui cc nc ngt mi ch pht trin trong my nm gn y (PECC4, 2008a). Nui c cng thng dng trong cc h gia nh x Tam Chung (Tercia Consultants, 2009). C 41 loi c c nh bt ti lu vc sng M v 100% lng c nh bt c s dng lm thc n. Mc d sng M rt a dang cc loi c, tuy nhin sn lng thy sn vn thp. Nhng ngi nh c khu vc ny nh gi rng lng thy sn t sng M ang b gim nhanh chng bi v ( theo c, 2008b): S lng ngi nh c tng bi v dn c tng; Nhiu ng dn s dng thit b nh bt mang tnh hy dit; S dng cc phng php nh bt hy dit (ha cht c hi, cht n, vv) trn lan; C b thu hoch trong ma sinh trng v trng; Vic xi mn thng ngun sng v vic thay i thng xuyn ca dng chy (trong mt thi gian di vi cng ln); v Nc sng M b nhim.

6.

nh gi tc ng mi trng v kinh t - x hi

Mc ch ca bt c nh gi tc ng no, cho d l nh gi tc ng mi trng hay tc ng kinh t x hi, l d on v ngn chn nhng hu qu ca mt hnh ng tim nng. i vi TSHPP, xc nh kh nng tc ng tim n trong xy dng v hot ng

| P a g e 126

gim thiu hoc loi b cc hiu ng ca chng trong vng d n v trong khu vc l rt quan trng. Do , cc bng sau y (Bng 6-1 v Bng 6-2) c nm chc nng chnh: Nhn ra cc nhn t tc ng tim nng trong xy dng v vn hnh v nh hng ca chng trong vng d n; Nhn mnh cc tiu chun hoc tiu ch l tng ca bin php gim nh cho tng tc ng lin quan n d n; M t cc bin php gim nh s gim thiu v/hoc loi b cc tc ng kh nng pht sinh trong xy dng hoc trong vn hnh; Xp hng cc tc ng tn d hoc mc ca nhng tc ng tim nng sau khi cc bin php gim nh c p dng; v cui cng Xc nh cc tc ng ca d n cn trng hoc cc lnh vc m cn thit c thm thng tin nh gi ng cc vn lin quan n d n.

Tc ng tn d l nhng tc ng tim nng ca mt vn sau khi cc bin php gim nh c p dng. Vic xp hng cc tc ng tn d minh ho tng th mi tiu ch tc ng trong vic xem xt thc hin cc bin php gim thiu tc hi d n. Ct tc ng cn b trng ch ra cc nghin cu lm r b sung yu cu gim thiu tc ng tn d n mt mc thp hoc chp nhn c. Tc ng tch ly ca D n, hay cc tc ng hnh thnh t s tng tc cc thnh phn ca TSHPP, c bn lun ti Phn 6.3. Nhng Bng sau y th hin cc phng php v xp hng tc ng c gii thiu trong Phn 1.2.2.

6.1

Giai on thi cng

Nhn chung, c nhiu tc ng quan trng (Bng 6-1) xy ra trong sut qu trnh thi cng mt d n thy in. Hu ht cc hot ng thi cng u nh hng ti ngun nc v khng kh . Cc nh hng c th khc ca vic thi cng nh l khai thc v cc m vt liu tm, xy dng cc ln tri ca cng nhn, nhu cu tng cao khu vc cng trng v lc lng lao ng, cc ng hm, trm in v cc con knh dn dng, thi cng cc con ng, a im ti nh c, thay i dng chy h lu v cui cng nhng tc ng kt hp li nh hng ti ti nguyn l sinh, kinh t - x hi v vn ha trong vng d n.

| P a g e 127

Bng 6-1: Nhng tc ng ca xy dng v xut cc bin php gim nh

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

Chun b h cha (pht quang, i t, o h, san bng, vn chuyn bng xe ti,)

Gy ting n

Gy n o cho nhng ngi dn lng, th nui v ng vt hoang d

Mc ting n khng nn gy nh hng n cc h gia nh, th nui hay n cc loi ng vt hoang d Bi bm gy ra khng c lm hi n sc khe hoc gy kh chu cho nhng nhm ngi b nh hng

Cc hot ng xy dng nn gii hn vo ban ngy Nu cc hot ng din ra ngoi gi ban ngy th thng bo cho dn lng bit Khu lm vic c s dng nc v nhng con ng lin quan Gim thiu vic i li trong lng v quan st gii hn tc bt buc Th Th Tb Tb Th S dng kho d tr v nguyn vt liu bt buc cng sm cng tt Che y mi vt liu h khi vn chuyn Th Th Th Th Th Th Th Tb

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Tc ng cn li Thng tin thm v my mc dng pht quang khi cn Lm r k hoch pht quang v tn dng ;m sn(K hoch trnh v sinh lng H cha) loi b rc tp

Gy bi bn

Cht lng khng kh b gim cho nhng cng nhn xy dng, dn lng a phng v mi trng xung quanh

Mt che ph rng

Mt xut

s n

Vic di chuyn rng ch c nm trong cc vng ch nh

Tb

Tb

Tb

Th

Trnh pht quang qu mc so vi yu cu ca d n

Nhng phn vn ca cy ci s b loi

b v/ hoc t khu vc quy nh

Tb

RLDP s cho php nhng ngi dn vng b nh hng c b cy ci c gi tr kinh t hoc gi tr thc tin cao trc khi gii phng thi cng khu vc

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

| P a g e 128

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

Mt khon thu nhp tim nng

Khng cn nhng tc ng lu di i vi nhng h gia nh ph thuc vo sn xut lm nghip

n b ti chnh cho s mt mt ngun ti nguyn rng Tb Tb Tb Th Th Tb a dng ha sinh hc v lp k hoch cn thit cho vic qun l cc loi nm trong danh sch Th Tng cng giao thng ng b Cc vng ti nh c s c t sn xut ph hp cho sn xut lm nghip RLDP s t chc cc chng trnh tp hun nhm a dng ha ngun thu nhp Trnh pht quang khu vc cm v c bo v Gim thiu hot ng xy dng trong thi gian sinh sn/ lm t Nng cao nhn thc v mi trng v gio dc cho nh thu v cng nhn xy dng Tng cng/ci thiu cc hot ng v nng lc cho lc lng bo v Th Th Tb Th Th

Mt i s a dng ha sinh hc v mi trng sng

Khng lm mt i cc loi vt c trong danh sch, s a dng ha sinh hc v mi trng sng

Giao thng ng b

Gy ra bi bn Tng cng giao thng ng b

cp ti mc bn trn v vic Gy ra bi bn Tng cng giao thng Khng c ri ro cho Tng cng Khng c ri ro cho i d Khng c ri ro cho ngi dn a phng

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Tc ng cn li

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

| P a g e 129

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

Lm ng

hng

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th Th Th Th

Ting n v s rung

Mc ting n v rung khng c lm nh hng n cc h gia nh, n cc ng vt nui hoc cc loi th hoang d

Giao thng ng b cn phi c gii hn vo thi gian ban ngy Nu giao thng ng b din ra ngoi thi gian ban ngy th phi thng bo cho dn lng bit. nh k kim tra xe, my m bo k thut

Th

Th

Th

Th

Tai nn v nhng s kin ngoi k hoch

Ri ro tng cao cho sc khe v s an ton ca mi ngi trong qu trnh xy dng

Gim thiu c ri ro cho ngi dn a phng hoc cho sc khe v s an ton ca cng nhn xy dng

o to v nh hng cho cng nhn xy dng Cung cp trang thit b bo h v dng c cp cu Thng xuyn hng dn s dng dng c v my mc

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th

Sa xe v thit b khi cn

Th

Bo tr, ct gi xe c v my mc

Vn kh thi lm gim cht lng khng kh

Tiu chun cht lng khng kh c duy tr trong qu trnh xy dng

Bo dng xe c theo cm nang nh sn xut

Th

Th

Th

Ton b con ng s khng c dn xp

Sa ng theo yu cu, c bit l nhng ni h hng do xe c cng trng gy ra

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Tc ng cn li

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

| P a g e 130

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

Ct gi v x xng du, du bi trn v cc cht gy nguy him khc trong qu trnh hot ng v bo tr Cht thi sinh hot (nh rc, phn, cht thi ca con ngi,) Gy nhim h sinh thi (nc, t, thc vt, )

m bo khng c cht c hi thi ra mi trng.

Cung cp v bo dng ni lu gi v cung cp nhin liu quy nh

Th

Th

Th

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Th

Th

Th

Tc ng cn li Lp k hoch qun l nguyn liu c hi cn thit Th Th Th Nghin cu thm nhng ni chn ct cn thit Th

To ra cht thi khng nh hng n h sinh thi xung quanh

Cht thi sinh hot c thu gom ng cch v chuyn ti nhng ni c kim duyt Thc hin chng trnh ti ch bt c ni no c th.

Th

Th

Th

Th

Kh nng xy ra Th Th Th

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

Th

Rc thi t nhin (g chy, thc vt hng,) Mt hoc thay i cc a danh lch s/ a l/ vn ha

Ph hng h sinh thi (nc, t, thc vt,) Lm h hi hoc ph hy ni dung bn trong ca cc a danh

To ra cht thi khng lm hng n h sinh thi xung quanh Gim thiu vic lm h hi trong cc hot ng khai qut

Rc thi t nhin s c thi ra nhng ni quy nh v/ hoc c t chy Theo di cc th tc ca k hoch khai qut v tn dng ph thi Xy dng cc khu vc m m/ ngha trang/ nhng ni linh thing mi cc khu vc ti nh c khi c yu cu

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th

Ca o

Lm h hi hoc ph hy cc di tch mi

m bo khng c a danh no b gy phin nhiu cho n khi c

Vic pht hin nhng a danh mi s c thc hin theo Cc th tc Tm kim C hi

Th

Th

Th

Ca o

| P a g e 131

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

c pht hin Ti nh c lng x v ngi dn a phng l kt qu ca vic to ra ngun cung cp Mt nh ca

iu tra hp thc Ngi dn s c ti nh c hoc c n b

Cung cp nh mi nhng khu ti

nh c theo quy nh

Th

Th

Th

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Th

Th

Th

Tc ng cn li Lm r thm v vic thc hin RLDP cn thit Lm r thm v vic thc hin RLDP cn thit Tb Tb Tb Lm r thm v vic thc hin RLDP cn thit Th

n b bng tin cho nhng h gia

nh t gii quyt ni

Lm xo trn cho cc gia nh, cu trc cng ng, tnh ng nht vn ha v dn tc

Nhng ngi dn lng c ti nh c s ti lp cch sng hin ti ca h ni mi

Xy dng cc chng trnh gio dc

v o to nhm a dng ha thu nhp

Ca o

Cao

Tb

Tb

Kh nng xy ra Tb Tb Th

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

Tb

Cung cp mng li truyn thng v

chng trnh x hi nhm h tr giai on chuyn tip ca vic ti nh c

M rng cc x cho cc h ti nh c

Thay i v vn ha cng ng v di sn dn tc Tng nhu cu cho vic chia s cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin

Nhng ngi dn lng cc x b nh hng s duy tr cch sng hin ti ca h Khng qu lm dng cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin

Cung cp mng li truyn thng v

chng trnh x hi nhm h tr vic chuyn ti nh c

Ca o

Tb

Th

Tb

Xy dng cc chng trnh gio dc

v nng cao nhn thc v vic qun l ngun ti nguyn thin nhin thin nhin hin c gia cc x

Tb

Tb

Tb

Th

ng qun l cc ngun ti nguyn

Nhu cu tng v cc dch v y t

Cung cp cc dch

M rng hoc to ra cc trang thit b

Th

Th

Th

Th

| P a g e 132

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

v cng ng

v thch hp

v dch v gio dc v y t mi

Tng vic truyn bnh

Khng tng v t l truyn bnh

Gio dc v nng cao nhn thc v

thc hnh v sinh v ly nhim bnh v sinh mi

Th

Th

Th

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Th

Th

Th

M rng v to ra cc trang thit b

Gy n o n cc gia nh, cu trc cng ng v tnh ng nht v vn ha v dn tc Xy dng khu vc p (Pht quang, tho g, i t, o h, ph n, d tr, b rc thi, thu hi sng, xe c i li, ) To ting n v rung Gy n o n cc h gia nh, th nui v ng vt hoang d ti a phng Nhng ngi dn lng hin ti s gi li sng hin nay ca h

Xy dng cc chng trnh gio dc

v o to nhm a dng ha thu nhp

Ca o

Cao

Tb

Tb

Tb

Tb

Tc ng cn li Lm r thm v vic thc hin RLDP cn thit Tb Th B sung thm cc chi tit v k hoch pht quang cn thit

Cung cp mng li truyn thng v

cc chng trnh x hi nhm h tr vic chuyn ti nh c

Mc ting n v rung khng c lm nh hng n cc hot ng hng ngy

Cc hot ng xy dng ch nn din ra vo ban ngy Nu vic xy dng yu cu ngoi gi lm ban ngy th phi hi kin ca cc h gia nh v a phng Phi cnh bo trc khi thc hin vic ph n

Th

Tb

Tb

Cao

Kh nng xy ra Tb

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

Th

Mt ph rng

che

cp phn trn v Mt che ph rng

Th

Th

Th

Tb

| P a g e 133

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

Xi mn t

S ng tng

c n

Gim thiu xi mn t v ng cn

Thc hin cc bin php kim sot xi mn t v ng cn nhng ni nhy cm (nh dc ln, t ct) Khi xy dng th cn trnh nhng iu kin kh hu m t

Th

Th

Th

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Th

Th

Xi mn t

Tc ng cn li S ng cn tng Th Th B sung thm cc chi tit cn thit v k hoch qun l tc ng xy dng

Ti
Tnh khng n nh v dc Ton b nghing s c duy tr trong sut qu trnh xy dng Duy tr vic d tr t b mt dng sau ny

sinh trng nhng ni c tnh kh thi cao Th Th Th Th Th

K hoc to kt cu n nh Thc hin vic san t ng cch v to cc kt cu thu hi nc

Mt tng t mt mu m

cp n k hoch qun l tc ng ca xy dng

Th

Th

Th

Th

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

Th

To bi bn Rc thi sinh hot v rc thi t nhin

cp phn trn v vic To bi bn cp phn trn v Rc thi sinh hot v Rc thi t nhin c thm thng tin chi tit

| P a g e 134

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th

Hn ch cc hot ng n cc a
bn c duyt Hn ch vic to ra bi bn v rc thi trong qu trnh vn chuyn

Bi bn v rc thi sinh ra trong qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu B cc h tm v m

Thc hin cc bin php bo v

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th

Th Th Th

To m v m vt liu tm

B lp di b mt v cc nguyn liu b mt

Duy tr dc t v h thng cng rnh

, si b khai qut s khng lm hi

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Tc ng cn li B lp di b mt v cc nguyn liu b mt Bi bn v rc thi sinh ra trong qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu B cc h tm v m

n lng sng v hai bn b, v khng cn tr dng chy

trong qu trnh vn chuyn (ngha l che ph pha trn hng ha v gim tc i li, )

Tt c cc vng b gy n o s c khiu ni ng cch sau khi xy dng xong

Dc i vng quanh m bo vic bo dng ng ng

cng rnh

Th

Th

Th

Th

Kh nng xy ra Th

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

Th

cp ti K hoch khiu ni

Cht thi gy nhim t ng hm

Cht lng nc gim (cn, nhim,) v cc tc ng n h sinh thi di nc

Khng thi trc tip nc hm vo bt c ngun nc hay th nc no

Thc hin gim st c trm thng

v h ngun v cht thi

Th

Th

Th

Th

Thi vo ma lu ing nc cao v

gn cc ca sng

Cung cp cc b hng dn s c
trn v cc th tc ng cu v trn du, nhin liu

Tp hun nhn vin cc th tc hp

| P a g e 135

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

l v cht thi c hi Cc hot ng xy dng trong dng chy (lm p bao thp, hot ng trch dng sng, dng chy, hot ng my mc/ thit b, ) Cht lng nc gim (cn, nhim,) v cc tc ng n h sinh thi di nc Gy nh hng ti thiu n cht lng nc v h sinh thi di nc

Cc hot ng xy dng nn thc

hin vo ban ngy trong khi mc nc thp

Th

Th

Tb

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Tb

Th

Th

Tc ng cn li B sung thm cc chi tit cn thit v k hoch qun l tc ng xy dng Xy dng cc khu tri mi Cu tng v nguyn vt liu xy dng

Duy tr cu trc trch dng sng

trong sut qu trnh xy dng

Gim thiu cc hot ng trong dng

chy

Xy dng cng duy tr dng chy Bo qun xe c v thit b ng cch No vt v phc hi cc ng cng
rnh xung quanh

Thc hin chng trnh nui trng

thy sn nh mt s n b mt c vng h cha

To tri xy dng (pht quang xung quanh, xy dng khu tri, ngi

Pht quang xung quanh Xy dng cc khu tri mi

cp n phn trn v vic Chun b h cha v khu vc pht quang c thm chi tit v nh hng ca vic pht quang Cu tng v nguyn vt liu xy dng Xy dng cc khu tri mi

v nguyn vt liu xy d

Xy dng cc khu im i tr C u t ng v nguyn vt liu xy dng

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

| P a g e 136

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

theo di lc lng lao ng v tri)

Yu cu lp t cho cc dch v v sinh

Cung cp y cc dch v v sinh v rc thi

Cung cp cc dch v v sinh d

dng v ph hp

T h

Th

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

T h

Th

T h

Nhn bit cc im x v gim st

vic lm ng; khng x di cc iu kin khng lm ng

To ra ting n v bi bn Cht thi sinh hot To cng n vic lm Khai thc tim nng ca lc lng lao ng a phng s t tn km hn Thay i v cc hot ng ngh nghip v truyn thng

Tham kho v Ting n v Bi bn phn trc nu mun c thng tin chi tit Tham kho phn trc v Cht thi sinh hot nu mun c thm thng tin chi tit C hi vic lm ngang bng

Cc quy tc thanh ton tiu chun v

thc hnh vic thu nhn cng Tb Th Tb Th Th Cung cp cc chng trnh tp hun cho ngi dn a phng Th B sung nhng chi tit c yu cu trong k hoch qun l tri xy dng B sung nhng chi tit c yu cu trong k hoch qun l tri xy Th Tb

Mc sng s c ci thin v cc hot ng truyn thng s c ng h N gii s khng phi chu gnh nng trong vic chm sc gia nh, nh ca

Cung cp dch v cho c cng nhn

ti a phng v cng nhn bn ngoi Tb Th Tb Th Th Th

H tr cc hot ng truyn thng RLDP s thc hin cc chng trnh

Thay i hnh thc lao ng bng tay v lao ng trong cc h gia nh (v nng nghip v lm nghip,)

ng h nhm tr gip n gii trong cc hot ng ti nh v khuyn khch nam gii khng c vic lm chia s trch nhim ca mnh vi n gii v cng vic nh

T b

Ca o

T b

T h

Tc ng cn li Th

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

| P a g e 137

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Tc ng cn li

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

dng Lm pht khu vc Gim pht thiu lm

Khuyn khch nhn nguyn vt liu,

thc phm, nc t bn ngoi

Hiu ng "th trn bng n" t s tng nhanh dn s v cc nhu cu ti nguyn Cu tng v c s h tng v cc tin ch

Lm pht ti nguyn cc b v dn s v nhu cu ti nguyn tng cao Cu tng v nguyn vt liu xy dng c th gy ra nhng xung t x hi

Gim thiu lm pht v qun l ti nguyn trong sut qu trnh m rng cc x Cc hot ng xy dng s khng khai thc cc ngun ti nguyn hin c

Khuyn khch cung cp cc vt liu, thc

pjhNm v nc t ngoi

T b

Tb

Tb

Tb

Tb

m bo cc ngun lc xy dng khng xung t vi ngun cung cp ti a phng Tng cng an ninh cc khu vc t nhin v cn c bo v

Tb

Tb

Tb

Th

Th

Tb

Cu tng v cc dch v cng ng v nhn vin (thuc, cc dch v khn cp v m bo an ton, )

Cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng s nhn c y cc loi dch v

Cung cp cn b gio dc v o to H tr ti chnh cho cc dch v h tr v duy tr hot ng

Tb

Tb

Th

Th

Th

Th

B sung nhng chi tit cn thit trong k hoch m bo sc khe ca ngi dn trong vng v ca cng nhn

| P a g e 138

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

Cu tng v nc ung (chun b n, thc ung, tm ra cho vt nui,)

Cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng s c cung cp nc sch t ngun tin cy

m bo ngun lc xy dng khng xung t vi ngun cung cp ti a phng Cung cp cc phng tin cha nc m bo ngun d tr nc lun sn c, c bit vo ma kh

Tb

Th

Tb

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Th

Th

Th

Cc dch v v sinh v sn xut nc thi c th gy ra nhng xung t x hi

Cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn a phng s c cung cp y cc phng tin thi rc thi in/ nhin liu s c cung cp m khng cn tha hip v nhng ngun lc hin ti hoc khai thc cc vng t nhin (nh ci chng hn) Cng nhn c tim vc-xin v theo di bnh

Cc khu vc xy dng s c cung cp y cc dch v v sinh theo tiu chun ca Vit Nam hoc tiu chun ca Ngn hng Th gii

Tb

Tb

Th

Tb

Th

Tb

Nhu cu v in/ nhin liu tng c th gy ra nhng xung t x hi

Tun th cc quy tc trnh khai thc cc ngun lc t nhin (ci). Cung cp thm nhin liu trnh xung t vi ngi dn a phng Tng cng an ninh xung quanh khu vc cn c bo v, c bit l dc cc ng b Cung cp cc dch v v chng trnh chm sc sc khe cho cng nhn xy dng v nhng ngi dn a phng Cung cp cho cc cgn nhn ln

Tb

Tb

Tb

Th

Th

Tb

nh hng v sc khe ln cng nhn xy dng/ln tri

T l truyn bnh tng

Tb

Tb

Tb

Th

Th

Tb

Tc ng cn li B sung nhng chi tit cn thit trong k hoch m bo sc khe

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

| P a g e 139

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

tri cc cn b y t c o to v cc tr cp y t . Gio dc v nng cao nhn thc v v sinh c nhn v bnh ly truyn qua ng tnh dc V sinh sch s cc ni cng cng (nh nh bp ca tri,) Cung cp mn cho tt c khu ngh m ca ln tri Khuyn khch cng nhn ln tri s dng thc n v nc ung chn, si hn ch nc ng, h thng thot nc s c bo tr S dng v bun bn ma tu tng Vic s dng ma tu lm tr tiu khin phi b cm Thc hin vic sng lc xt nghim ma ty Tng cng an ninh, c bit l ng b v ng thy Xy dng cc chng trnh gio dc v nhn thc v ma ty cho nhng ngi dn lng v cng nhn xy dng Tc ng ln sc khe dn lng v cc x Tng t l bnh truyn nhim Gim thiu ri ro phi nhim cho ngi dn a phng m bo cc trung tm y t a phng c nhn vin v c thit b iu tr Gio dc v y mnh tuyn truyn nhn thc v sinh c nhn v cc Tb Tb Tb Tb Th Tb

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Tc ng cn li ca ngi dn trong vng v ca cng nhn

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

| P a g e 140

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

bnh truyn nhim qua ng tnh dc Tng cng gim st cc c nhn ti nh c v nhng ngi d tn thng nht do thay i kh hu (nh nhit , thi tit bt li, ma) ngn chn nc ng, cc h thng thot nc s c bo tr Gio dc cc c nhn v cc phng php ci thiu v sinh c nhn Cung cp ngun nc sch v an ton Cung cp thit b phng tm/v sinh cho cc h mi Bo m cc vng ti nh c c cn b y t c tp hun o to m bo cc trung tm yt c phng tin iu tr bnh tt Mt tnh a dng sinh hc v p cc vng bo v tng ln Mt che ph ca rng, tc ng v cc loi vt v gim i tnh ton vn cc khu vc c bo v a ti cc vn v ma ty, mi dm, Gi gn v nng cao cc khu vc c bo v gn khu d n Tng cng cc bin php bo v v qun l cho 3 khu vc c bo v Thc hin quy tc hnh x ca cng nhn v vic cm tiu th tht sn bn cc khu xy dng Th Tb Th th Cao Tb

Mt tnh ng nht v vn

Khng nn lm cho li sng ca c nhn cng nh

An ninh trt t lng tng cao To ra cc khu sinh hot tch bit cho

Tb

Cao

Tb

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Tb

Th

Tb

Tc ng cn li Lm r thm nhng vn cn thit v

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

| P a g e 141

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

ha v dn tc

Thi cng gn vo (Co luong-Co Me)

Mt a dng sinh hc v tng p lc vo khu bo v

Thi cng ng truyn ti in ph

Gy bi bn To ting n v rung

c bc v cng ng b nh bnh tt hng lu di Phm php v trm cp tng Mt phong tc v vn ha v dn tc Mt lng t tn cc vng dn tc thiu s, ph n, thanh nin v ngi gi Mt che ph Gim thiu tc ng ln khu bo rng Tng gaio v thng ng b Ting n v chn ng quy nhiu dn lng, gia sc v ng vt hoang d Tham kho v Gy bi bn phn trn

cng nhn xy dng Xy dng cc chng trnh gio dc v nng cao nhn thc cho ngi dn a phng, c bit l cho th h tr Xy dng cc chng trnh v cc hot ng h tr nhm bo tn di sn vn ha v dn tc Thc hin RLDP

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Tc ng cn li vic thc hin RLDP

y mnh cc gii php qun l v bo v khu bo v trong nhng khu vc gn ng vo Hot ng xy dng cn tin hnh vo ban ngy Gim thiu giao thng trong lng bn v quanh cc khu bo v

Tham kho v To ting n v rung phn trn

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

| P a g e 142

Mc nh hng ca tc ng Kh nng o ngc

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

tr (ng truyn ti in, ng vn hnh vv...)

Mt ph rng

che

Tham kho v Mt ba rng phn trn Tham kho v Thay i cc di tch lch s/ kho c v vn ha phn trn

Thay i cc di tch lch s/ kho c v vn ha Xi mn t Giao thng ng b tng Tai nn v cc s kin ngoi k hoch Bo qun v ct gi xe c v thit b Ti nh c ca cc x v ngi dn lng b nh hng Lm mt bn sc vn ha v dn tc

Tham kho v Xi mn t phn trn Tham kho v Giao thng ng b tng phn trn Tham kho v Tai nn v cc s kin ngoi k hoch phn trn

Tham kho v Bo qun v ct gi xe c v thit b phn trn

Tham kho v Ti nh c ca cc x v ngi dn lng b nh hng phn trn

Tham kho phn Lm mt bn sc vn ha v dn tc trn

Phm vi a l

Vn

Tc ng

Bin php gim nh ca d n Thi lng Cng

Tc ng cn li

Kh nng xy ra

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng

Mc tiu/ Tiu chun gim nh

| P a g e 143

6.1.1 Khng kh
6.1.1.1 Cht lng khng kh Nhn t tc ng Cht lng khng kh c th b nh hng thng qua vic o bi san lp mt bng, s o c, cng tc n mn, cc hot ng vn chuyn, vic d tr cc nguyn vt liu xy dng, vic x l rc thi, xy dng cu ng, cc phng tin tham gia giao thng,vv Tc ng tim n Vic xy dng b cha nc, p ngn nc, ng x v cc phng tin tham gia giao thng c th nh hng n cht lng khng kh trong khu vc trin khai d n. Bi bn cng l mt tc nhn gy ra tc ng tim n xut hin trong qu trnh din ra cc hot ng xy dng. Bi bn sinh ra trong cc hot ng thi cng ti cc cng trng xy dng c th lm gim cht lng khng kh, gy nh hng khng tt i vi sc khe ca ngi lao ng, ngi dn a phng v mi trng xung quanh. Thm vo , cc hot ng ti m nh vn hnh my nghin , trn b tng, n mn v giao thng ng b trn nhng con ng khng lt (gia c mt ng) kt hp vi cc phng tin tham gia giao thng i li s sn sinh ra bi bn trong khng kh (lm bn cc cht dng ht) v s thi kh ga nh NOx, Sox v xt cc-bon. Bi bn c to ra trong sut qu trnh xy dng ng s c th cng nh hng n sc khe ca cng nhn xy dng v cng ng dn c sng vng ln cn ca khu vc trin khai d n. Cc bin php gim nh gim nh nhng tc ng trong khu vc xy dng, cc phng php kim sot bi bn s c p dng trn tt c cc con ng khng lt v xung quanh khu vc thi cng, c bit trong nhng ngy thi tit kh v nhiu gi. Bin php s dng nc gim nng bi bn ch nn c p dng theo nhng gi quy nh (iu ny nn c xem xt trong hp ng tha thun vi ngi dn a phng). Nhng tiu chun v cht lng khng kh s c m bo trong sut qu trnh thi cng. Cc lng bn gn cng trng s c thng bo trc nhm gip h chun b v/hoc thch nghi vi mi trng mi. Tt c con ng khng lt v cc cng trng xy dng s c phun nc nu cn kim sot bi hp l. Bi bn sinh ra t cc bi vt liu s c m nn, v cc bi vt liu s khng c php by ra trong thi gian di. Con ng chnh (t Co luong n Co Me) dn ti tuyn p v ti nh my thy in s c lt v phun nc. Tt c xe ti chuyn ch vt liu xy dng khi i qua con ng ny s c phun nc, cn ngoi ra cc loi xe c khc s khng c php lu thng trn on ng ny. Lng xe c i li thng xuyn trong khu vc ny (hng ngy/hng tun) s phi i theo cc khu vc quy nh. Giao thng trn cc tuyn ng ph, ng chnh phi c quy nh nghim ngt gim thiu ti a s nhim khng kh. Ngoi ra, ton b qu trnh thc hin s tun theo b quy phm xy dng trong sut thi gian v cc giai on thi cng xy dng nhm m bo yu cu ca tiu chun Vit Nam (TCVN 5939-2005). Tt c khu vc cung cp nc s c xc nh r rang v lng nc s dng s c ghi chp li trnh trng hp xy ra tranh chp xung t vi ngi dn a phng. Thi gian v cng tc ng c d kin l thp nu p dng ng cch cc bin php gim thiu trong cc giai on thi cng. Mc nh hng v mt a l s c iu tit bi

| P a g e 144

v cc hot ng xy dng ng s c nguy c gy nh hng xu n cc cng nhn xy dng, cc h gia nh v dn c sng quanh khu vc thi cng. S c ny sinh do xe c giao thng v cc hot ng thi cng m sn sinh ra bi bn trong khng kh v s thi kh ga s gim. Tc ng tn d c d kin l thp nu p dng ng cc bin php gim thiu trong sut qu trnh thi cng.

6.1.2 Ting n v chn ng

Nhn t tc ng S pht quang, o bi san lp mt bng, s o c, thi kh ra ngoi mi trng, xe ti ch hng, vic d tr cc nguyn vt liu xy dng, vic x l rc thi, xy dng cu ng, v cc phng tin tham gia giao thng. Tc ng tim n Vic chun b mt bng xy dng tuyn p v h cha, xy dng ng v cc phng tin giao thng c th gy ra s khuy ng, xo trn cuc sng ca cc h dn a phng, gia sc v cc loi vt hoang d. Trong cc giai on thi cng, khi vn hnh cc thit b v xe c c s dng cho vic san lp mt bng, khoan c, v trn b tng s l nguyn nhn chnh gy ra mi ting n. Nhng hot ng ny c th nh hng n cuc sng hng ngy ca ngi dn a phng v dn ti s di di ca cc loi ng vt hoang d. Nhng nguyn nhn gy ra ting n v s rung ng khc c th l do vic s dng cht n n mn khai thc , v cc hot ng nghin . Mc n t cc thit b v xe c trong cng trng c d kin xp x 80 95 dBA (PECC4, 2008a). Tuyn p nm khu vc Trung Sn v x Trung Sn c th b nh hng bi cc hot ng xy dng ng thi khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha,cch cng trng xy dng p khong 7km v vycc loi ng vt hoang d c th b nh hng bi ting n do cng tc n mn gy ra. Ting n c sinh ra trong sut qu trnh thi cng ng vo ni t Co Luong n Co Me c th gy nh hng n ln tri cng nhn xy dng v ngi dn cc x sng gn cng trng. Cc bin php gim nh Cc hot ng xy dng, n mn v giao thng ng b ch din ra vo ban ngy. Nu vic thi cng v giao thng ng b c yu cu lm thm ngoi gi th ngi dn v cc h gia nh sng ti khu vc quanh s c thng bo v t vn. Cng tc n mn s tin hnh vo nhng khong thi gian c nh trong ngy v/hoc phi cnh bo trc khi tin hnh. My mc thi cng v cc phng tin vn chuyn nn c bo dng trong iu kin tt v cc ng gim thanh s c lp t trn tt c cc my mc gim mc n. Thit b nh trm trn b tng s phi c t cng xa khu dn c cng tt. Nh thu s lun lun chun b kp thi gii quyt cc vn v ting n c th ny sinh bt c khi no. Thi gian ca tc ng c d kin l thp bi cc bin php gim thiu c p dng ng cch trong cc giai on thi cng. Khi m mt s hot ng nh cng tc n mn, san lp mt bng, khoan o, xy dng ng, xe c i li, vvvn ang nh hng n cc h dn a phng, gia sc v cc loi hoang d th tc ng vn mc va phi. Khi cch xa tuyn

| P a g e 145

p nhiu ki l met m vn c th nghe thy ting n v rung ng th tc dng vn mc va phi. . Kh nng xut hin c th xy ra mc cao bi v ting n do cc hot ng xy dng v giao thng ng b vn ang nh hng n cuc sng ca cng ng dn c v cc loi ng vt hoang d khu vc xung quanh khi cc bin php tiamr thiu s c p dng ng cch trong giai on thi cng th kh nng tc ng quay tr li s gim. Nhng nh hng cn st li t c s gim thiu va phi khi Cc bin php gim nh c yu cu b sung thm nhm gim mc nh hng cn tn ng n mc thp hoc mc c th chp nhn c.

6.1.3 t ai
6.1.3.1 To m vt liu tm v m Nhn t tc ng Gii phng mt bng, san i, o bi, san lp, n mn, vn chuyn bng xe ti, tng tr, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, v xe c. Tc ng tim n Ph thi t cc m , m vt liu tm, cc nh my b tng, bi v mnh vn to ra trong qu trnh vn chuyn nguyn vt liu c th tc ng ng k nc b mt v nc ngm do s lng ng trong nc hoc ha tan vo dng chy t nhng khu vc d tr v bc xp vt liu. Ngoi ra, cc m vt liu v m tm b hoang c th ly lan cc bnh tt do cn trng chuyn ti, c bit l khi nc ng c tch ly. Cc bin php gim thiu gim thiu nhng tc ng trong khu vc xy dng, dc v rnh thot trn t c duy tr x cht thi ng cch. Khai thc si khng tn hi ti y hoc b sng, cn tr dng chy. Cc bin php c thc thi nhm gom cc hot ng n cc a im nh v gim thiu vic to ra bi v mnh vn trong qu trnh vn chuyn. Cc bin php bo h c thc hin trong qu trnh vn chuyn (nh l bt che vt liu, gim tc chy xe vv). Tt c cc khu vc b tc ng c khi phc sau khi xy dng v, cc sn dc s c ti to theo ng ng mc v cc phng tin thot nc thch hp s c duy tr. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l v s o ln do tc ng c nh gi l thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong cc hot ng xy dng. Tc ng tn d cng c nh gi l thp bi tc ng c xem l khng ng k khi p dng cc bin php gim nh thch hp trong hot ng xy dng. 6.1.3.2 Tho nc ng hm phc v thi cng ng hm Nhn t tc ng Gii phng mt bng, san i, o bi, san lp, n mn, vn chuyn bng xe ti, tng tr, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, v xe c. Tc ng tim n X cht gy nhim t ng hm lm nhim ngun nc. Cc bin php gim thiu gim thiu nhng tc ng trong khu vc xy dng, s khng c php nc x trc tip t hm vo bt k ngun nc hoc h nc no v nc s c x l nhng ni kh thi

| P a g e 146

 gim bt cht rn l lng. Cc bin php s c a ra nhm trin khai cc trm gim st ti khu vc thng v h lu kim tra cht lng nc. Vic x nc s din ra vi lu lng ln v cc ca x gn nhau. Cc bc hnh ng khn cp v cc cng c x l phi c chun b sn sng i ph vi cc s c trn du v nhin liu. i ng nhn vin c hun luyn x l ph hp cc cht gy nhim. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l v s o ln do tc ng c nh gi l thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong cc hot ng xy dng. Tc ng tn d cng c nh gi l thp bi tc ng c xem l khng ng k khi p dng cc bin php gim nh thch hp trong hot ng xy dng. 6.1.3.3 Cc hot ng xy dng trong dng chy Nhn t Tc ng Gii phng mt bng, san i, o bi, san lp, n mn, vn chuyn bng xe ti, tng tr, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, v xe c. Tc ng tim n Cc hot ng xy dng trong dng chy nh lp t cc cc vy thp, k chuyn dng chy sng, my mc/thit b, ng s v cu s tc ng ti cht lng nc, h sinh thi thy sinh v khi lng cht lng ng tng nh hng n cc loi c nc ngt. Cc bin php gim thiu gim thiu nhng tc ng trong xy dng cng trnh trong dng chy, vic xy dng s din ra trong khi mc nc thp v cc cu trc chuyn dng c duy tr trong sut qu trnh xy dng. Cng thot c xy dng duy tr lu lng nc v cc hot ng trong dng chy s c gim thiu. Cc bin php s c thc hin bo tr xe, trang thit b v ng s, cu s c bo dng trnh ra tri vt liu xy dng xung sng sui. Hot ng dn v sinh v phc hi ca cc knh ph s c thc hin trong qu trnh xy dng. Thi hn, ln v tc ng o ln c nh gi l thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong cc hot ng xy dng. Kh nng xut hin v phm vi a l ca tc ng s va phi bi cc hot ng trong dng chy s dn n t cc thay i trong mi trng thu sinh. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp nu tc ng c xem l khng ng k khi p dng bin php gim nh thch hp trong hot ng xy dng. 6.1.3.4 Cc hot ng khc trong dng chy Nhn t Tc ng Gii phng mt bng, san i, o bi, san lp, n mn, vn chuyn bng xe ti, tng tr, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, v xe c. Tc ng tim n Cc tc ng khc trong lng sui trong qu trnh thc hin cc hot ng xy dng bao gm: s dng vt liu n nh bt c v cc loi thy sn khc, xy dng p c th tr thnh mt ro cn khng th vt qua lm cho cc loi c khng th di c c. Cc bin php gim thiu

| P a g e 147

i ng nhn vin c o to khng s dng vt liu n trong nc v cc bin php s c thc thi nhm lu gi vt liu n ti mt a im an ton. Cc dng sui c chn ca sng M s phi c gi nguyn hoc khng b tc ng cho php vic di c lin tc ca cc loi c. Cc b k c thu nh dc theo cc dng chy. Ch bo v cao i vi cc tc ng khc nh nhim lin quan n khai thc khong sn, nhim nc thi v hot ng nh bt hy dit thy sn s c thc hin. Thi hn, mc v kh nng xoay chuyn tc ng c nh gi l thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trc khi xy dng. Phm vi a l v kh nng xut hin ca cc tc ng s mc va phi v mt din tch v s lng cc loi b nh hng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi thp bi tc ng c xem l khng ng k khi p dng bin php gim nh thch hp trong hot ng xy dng. 6.1.3.5 H thc vt trong khu vc TSHPP Nhn t tc ng Gii phng mt bng, chn, p, o, san lp, n mn, chy xe ti, d tr vt liu, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, v xe c. Tc ng tim n Khong 1.300 ha cy ci s b gii phng xy dng h cha ti khu vc TSHPP. Vic gii phng lng h cha v xy dng ng Co Lng - Co Me d kin s thay i thnh phn, c cu v s phong ph cc loi cy trng v thay i mi trng sng ca chng. Dn thm thc vt s dn n tn tht v a dng sinh hc v mi trng sng. Vng d n c cho l giu v loi qu him (PECC4, 2008a). Tc ng n cc loi b e da c xem l thp do c im phn b ca chng. Mt vn t vic gii phng lng h l cc mnh t s g, cy v c di khng tn thu ht. Cc cht thi pht sinh c th dn n s ph v ca cc h sinh thi ca a phng (nc, t, v thm thc vt). Cc loi vi hin trng c bit c th b nh hng bi cc hot ng chun b mt bng, bao gm Ng gia b gai - Acanthopanax trifoliatus, Ng gia b hng - Acanthopanax gracilistylus, Trm hng - Aquilaria crassna, D tng - Amentotaxus argotaenia, Hi - Illicium ternstroenioides, v Leparis petelotii. Cc bin php gim nh Cc hot ng xy dng phi c hn ch n nhng khu vc thit k ngn chn vic phi gii phng t b sung. Vic thc hin K hoch Pht trin sinh k ti nh c (RLDP) s cho php dn lng b nh hng khai thc nhng cy c gi tr kinh t v gi tr s dng. Cc nh thu xy dng cng phi chun b mt K hoc khai thc v tn thu lm sn phi hp vi hot ng gii phng mt bng v trnh xung t v thi gian thc hin. Cc hot ng xy dng s c gim thiu trong thi gian nhy cm nh thi k giao phi v lm t. Km theo vic loi b cy rng trong gii phng mt bng h cha, rng phi c trng li ni khc sau khi xy dng hoc l bi thng trng li ti mt s a im khc. Thi hn tc ng c d on l va phi v qu trnh xy dng d kin n ko di t 4 - 5 nm. Cng v tc ng a l c xp hng va phi bi cc hot ng xy dng nh hng n mt phn nh ca h sinh thi v hn ch s thay i trong thnh phn, c

| P a g e 148

im v phn b a l cc loi cy trng. Vic gii phng thm thc vt cn phc v cho yu cu chuyn a im v ti nh c ca cng ng. Kh nng xy ra v s o ln c d on l thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong giai on xy dng. Tc ng tn d c thm nh l va phi v cc bin php gim nh hoc bi thng b sung s c yu cu gim mc nh hng tn d n mt mc thp hoc chp nhn c. Thiu st trong vic xem xt thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng Lm r K hoch gii phng mt bng lng h l cn thit cho vic thu dn rc 6.1.3.6 H ng vt trong khu vc TSHPP Nhn t tc ng Gii phng mt bng, chn, p, o, san lp, n mn, chy xe ti, d tr vt liu, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, v xe c. Tc ng tim n Rng Trung Sn l mi trng sng quan trng i vi nhiu loi ng vt, c bit l cc loi ng vt c xng sng (ng vt c v, chim v b st). Vic gii phng cc vng t rng ln cho cho xy dng h cha (khong 1.300 ha) v ng Co Lng - Co Me d kin s thay i thnh phn, cu trc v s phong ph ca cc loi v mi trng sng cc loi trong lu vc sng M s b thay i. iu ny c th dn n s mt i ca cc loi c hu, gp phn lm suy thoi a dng sinh hc. Mt tc ng quan trng l s hin din ca cc ln tri cng nhn. Cng nhn xy dng c th khai thc lm sn v ng vt hoang d cho lm thc phm. Mt s loi c th b nh hng do hot ng xy dng bao gm: Bo gm - Pardofelis nebulosa, Voc - Trachypithecus crepusculus, Gu - Ursus thibetanus, T t - Manis pentadactyla v Sn dng Naemorrhedus umatraensis (PECC4, 2008a). Ting n ti khu vc xy dng (n mn v cc phng tin vn ti) v s gia tng cc hot ng ca con ngi cng c th dn n s b i ca ng vt v nh hng n cc c im hnh vi ca chng. Cc bin php gim nh Cc hot ng xy dng phi c hn ch trong khu vc ring thit k trnh tn tht v a dng sinh hc v mi trng sng ca ng vt hoang d. S xm nhp vo/gn cc khu vc nhy cm s b gii hn. Gim thiu cc phng tin v du vt v s h tng, n nh v phc hi hoc ti to cc khu vc b tc ng v thc hin bin php gim thiu cc hot ng xy dng trong thi gian nhy cm nh thi k giao phi v lm t. Xy dng quy tc cho cng nhn, vic cm sn bn, nh bt c, bt gi hoc bun bn ng vt hoang d v c phi c thi hnh nghim chnh. Mt chng trnh gio dc nhn thc v mi trng phi c thc hin nhm tng nhn thc cho cc nh thu v cng nhn xy dng v s cn thit bo v cc khu vc ln cn v bo tn a dng sinh hc. Mt cuc iu tra cn c thc hin trc khi cc tc ng din ra, tp trung vo cc loi qu him sinh sng ti vng d n. Khng c bin php gim nh no mang tnh thc tin c sn cho hot ng n mn tr vic t chc hot ng ny vo ban ngy.

| P a g e 149

Thi hn tc ng c nh gi l thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong giai on xy dng. Cng ca tc ng l va phi v n s dn n nhng thay i hn ch v c im mi trng sng hoc phn b a l v s phong ph ca cc loi. Phm vi a l tc ng mc trung bnh bi khu vc din tch b mt tng i ln b nh hng. Kh nng xy ra v s o ln l thp ng k nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong cc hot ng xy dng. Tc ng tn d c xp hng thp v tc ng c xem l khng ng k khi p dng cc bin php gim thiu thch hp. Thiu st trong vic xem xt thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng Cn chi tit thm v k hoch gii phng mt bng Yu cu qun l a dng sinh hc v cc loi c lit k

6.1.4 Cc Khu bo v
6.1.4.1 Khu bo tn thin nhin Xun Nha Nhn t tc ng Gii phng mt bng, chn, p, o, san lp, n mn, chy xe ti, d tr vt liu, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, v xe c. Tc ng tim n Vic mt rng nh hng mnh m n cc loi v lm gim tnh ton vn ca mt khu vc c bo v. Khu bo tn thin nhin Xuan Nha qun l 16.316 ha rng t nhin v l mi trng sng quan trng cho rt nhiu loi thc vt v ng vt. H cha nc mi s lm ngp mt phn ca vng m v n gip vi cng trng xy dng. Khong 367,26 ha vng m s b nhn chm sau khi hot ng xy dng hon tt (PATB, 2008). Cng d kin rng khi mc nc h cha tng ln ti 160 m (ASL), mi trng sng dc theo cc dng sng Con v Quanh cng s b ngp nc. Khong cch t khu bo tn thin nhin n trang v tr p nc l khong bn km. Khi mc nc trong h cha c tng thm, n s lm ngp mt phn ca khu bo tn thin nhin, tc ng n mi trng sng ca cc thc vt v ng vt hoang d. Theo nh gi mi trng chin lc ca K hoch Thy in Tng th VI, 31% (11.298 ha) trong tng din tch Khu bo tn thin nhin c coi l Khu vc a dng sinh hc ct yu (SEA, 2009). Khu bo tn thin nhin che ch cho mt s loi nguy cp (ri c, nai, ra, rn, v lng c). Tc ng gin tip bao gm vic pht rng lm nng nghip, khai thc g v lm sn ngoi g tri php, sn bn, by bt v chy rng do cng ng a phng v cc tri cng nhn. Cc bin php gim nh Cc bin php khc phc c thc hin duy tr v tng cng bo v khu vc trong vng ln cn ca TSHPP. iu ny c th lin quan n vic ti tr cho cn b bo v khu bo tn, lp k hoch qun l khu bo tn v phi hp cc hot ng trong vng m xung quanh khu vc b nh hng. Sn bn phi c cm v hnh pht p dng cho bt k hot ng bt hp php no theo mt chng trnh ng qun l lin quan n chi cc lm nghip tnh v Ban qun l khu bo tn thin nhin. Mt quy ch p dng cho cng nhn c ra vi vic cm tiu th tht rng trong cc tri xy dng.

| P a g e 150

Mt s chng trnh s c thc hin n nh v phc hi chc nng khu vc b tc ng v gim thiu cc hot ng xy dng v ting n trong thi gian nhy cm nh thi k giao phi v lm t. Thi hn tc ng s thp nu nh cc bin php gim thiu thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Cng v phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s mc trung bnh vi khong 900 ha vng m ca khu bo t nhin s b ngp nc. C th c mt s thay i gii hn trong cc thnh phn h sinh thi (c tnh v phn b a l) ca cc loi thc vt v ng vt. Kh nng xy ra s thp nh cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. S o ln c nh gi l cao tng ng vi mc din tch b mt b nh hng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi nn cn c cc bin php gim nh hoc khc phc b sung gim mc nh hng cn st li xung mc thp hoc mc chp nhn c.

6.1.4.2 Khu bo tn thin nhin P Hu

Nhn t tc ng Gii phng mt bng, chn, p, o, san lp, n mn, chy xe ti, d tr vt liu, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, v xe c Tc ng tim n Khu bo tn thin nhin Pu Hu c tng din tch 23.149 ha v l khu bo tn thin nhin b nh hng nht trong vng d n Trung Sn (SEA, 2009). Khong cch t v tr p n ranh gii khu bo tn thin nhin khong ba km. Tuy nhin, h cha khng chy vo vng nghim ngt m vo vng m ca Khu bo tn thin nhin ny. Mt phn Khu bo tn thin nhin ti vng m s c dnh cho cc hot ng xy dng, nh vic gii phng mt bng khu rng (131 ha), mt bng d tr vt liu xy dng (20ha), cht thi xy dng (21 ha), ln tri cng nhn (2 ha ), din tch ti nh c v canh tc c nh (1.050 ha) (Ch v Garcia-Lozano, 2008). Nhng cng trnh u mi ca p s c t gn vi Khu bo tn thin nhin v s c mt s tc ng mi trng ng k cho cc loi ng thc vt hoang d. Theo nh gi mi trng chin lc ca K hoch Thy in tng s VI, 40% (12.533 ha), tng din tch ca khu bo tn thin nhin c coi l Vng a dng sinh hc trng yu (SEA, 2009). Khu bo tn thin nhin c cha cc loi quan trng v ang b e da, trong c nhiu loi chim, thc vt, ng vt c v v cc loi bn a khc. Mt s trong cc loi ny c tm quan trng a dng sinh hc quc t. Tc ng gin tip bao gm vic pht rng lm nng nghip, khai thc g v lm sn ngoi g tri php, sn bn v nh by, chy rng do cng ng a phng v cc tri cng nhn. Cc bin php gim nh Cc bin php khc phc c tin hnh duy tr v tng cng bo v cc khu bo tn trong vng ln cn khu vc TSHPP. iu ny lin quan n ti tr cho cn b bo v khu bo tn, pht trin k hoch qun l khu bo tn v iu phi cc hot ng trong vng m xung quanh khu vc b nh hng. Sn bn phi c cm v hnh pht p dng cho bt k hot ng bt hp php no theo mt chng trnh ng qun l lin quan n chi cc lm nghip tnh v Ban qun l khu bo tn thin nhin. Mt quy ch p dng cho cng nhn c ra vi vic cm tiu th tht rng trong cc tri xy dng.

| P a g e 151

Mt s chng trnh s c thc hin n nh v phc hi chc nng khu vc b tc ng v gim thiu cc hot ng xy dng v ting n trong thi gian nhy cm nh thi k giao phi v lm t. Thi hn tc ng s thp nu nh cc bin php gim thiu thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Cng v phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s mc trung bnh vi khong 131 ha vng m ca khu bo t nhin s b ngp nc. C th c mt s thay i gii hn trong cc thnh phn h sinh thi (c tnh v phn b a l) ca cc loi thc vt v ng vt. Kh nng xy ra s thp nh cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. S o ln c nh gi l va phi tng ng vi mc din tch b mt b nh hng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi nn cn c cc bin php gim nh hoc khc phc b sung gim mc nh hng cn st li xung mc thp hoc mc chp nhn c. 6.1.4.3 Khu bo tn thin nhin Hang Kia - Pa C Nhn t tc ng Gii phng mt bng, chn, p, o, san lp, n mn, chy xe ti, d tr vt liu, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, v xe c. Tc ng tim n Mt s che ph ca rng, tc ng ln cc loi v gim tnh ton vn ca khu bo tn. Tng din tch ca khu bo tn thin nhin l 7.091 ha. Khong cch t v tr p n ranh gii khu bo tn thin nhin ny l 13 km. Vng m Khu bo tn thin nhin chung ranh gii vi x Trung Sn. Vic xy dng ng giao thng s tc ng n cc loi ng vt hoang d v cc cng ng (cng ng Trung Sn v Vn Mai) dc theo vng m. Khu bo tn thin nhin ny l ni cho cc loi b e da v c hu. Tuy nhin, v tr con p nm xa vng li v tc ng n ng vt hoang d v thc vt c coi l thp. Cc tc ng khc bao gm vic pht rng lm nng nghip, khai thc g v lm sn ngoi g tri php, sn bn v nh by, v chy rng do cc cng ng a phng v cc tri cng nhn. Cc bin php gim nh Cc bin php khc phc c tin hnh duy tr v tng cng bo v khu bo tn trong vng ln cn khu vc TSHPP. iu ny lin quan n ti tr cho cc nhn vin bo v khu bo tn, pht trin k hoch qun l khu bo tn v iu phi cc hot ng trong vng m xung quanh khu vc b nh hng. Sn bn phi c cm v hnh pht p dng cho bt k hot ng bt hp php no theo mt chng trnh ng qun l lin quan n chi cc lm nghip tnh v Ban qun l khu bo tn thin nhin. Mt quy ch p dng cho cng nhn c ra vi vic cm tiu th tht rng trong cc tri xy dng. Ban qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn cng s iu phi xy dng mt bn K hoch Qun l a dng sinh hc cc Khu bo tn. Mt s chng trnh s c thc hin n nh v phc hi chc nng khu vc b tc ng v gim thiu cc hot ng xy dng v ting n trong thi gian nhy cm nh thi k giao phi v lm t. Thi hn tc ng s thp nu nh cc bin php gim thiu thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Cng v phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s mc va phi vi mt s din tch vng m s c gii phng xy dng ng Co Lng Co Me. iu ny s

| P a g e 152

dn ti mt s thay i gii hn trong cc thnh phn h sinh thi (c tnh v phn b a l) ca cc loi thc vt v ng vt. Kh nng xy ra v s o ln s thp nh cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp v khng ng k nu c cc bin php gim nh thch hp trong qu trnh xy dng.

6.1.5 Cc tc ng v x hi
S hnh thnh TSHPP v s ngp nc ca h cha va c to ra s nh hng n hn 5000 ngi, hn 800 h gia nh v mt s x trong khu vc. Tc ng xy dng c tm tt di y. Nhn t tc ng Gii phng mt bng, chn, p, o, san lp, n mn, chy xe ti, d tr vt liu, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, xe c, chuyn dng, xy dng ln tri, lc lng lao ng v nhng ngi phc v ti ln tri. Tc ng tim n Tc ng tim n bao gm: Di di v ti nh c ca cc h gia nh Thay i v h thng gia nh v c cu cng ng Mt mt v thay i cc khu vc vn ha quan trng Tng mc ca ting n, bi v giao thng Lp cc x ti nh c

6.1.5.1 Di di v ti nh c ca cc h gia nh: Ti nh c cc x, dn lng l kt qu ca vic to h cha nc v lm ng Co Lng n Co Me. Khong 575 h gia nh s yu cu phi di di n cc khu vc ti nh c quy nh hoc vng m h la chn. H gia nh b nh hng s mt nh ca, cc vng t m h thu hoch cho chi ph sinh hng ngy v phi o chuyn m t tin i. Cc m ny thng nm bn di nh ring ca h. Do ch ca h s trong khu vc h cha l Mng L, Tng L, Trung Sn, Tn Xun v Xun Nha ng thi l nhng x b nh hng nng n nht (Bn 5-1). Cc x ti nh c c th gy nhim (rc thi bn a v mnh v t nhin) mi trng v thiu phng tin x l cht thi, dn n s suy thoi ca cc h sinh thi ca a phng. Cc bin php gim nh Cc h gia nh thuc din di di s c cung cp nh mi cc khu vc c ti nh c thit k. Cc h gia nh s nhn c s h tr trong thi gian di di. iu ny c th bao gm vic h tr vt cht ca cc nhn vin trong thi gian di di, cung cp xe ti v cc phng tin khc vn chuyn hnh l c nhn v vn chuyn gia sc. Bi thng ti chnh v thc phm d tr cng phi c cung cp y nhm h tr cc gia nh trong thi k chuyn tip. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l, kh nng xy ra v s xo trn ca tc ng s thp, nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong hot ng xy dng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp v tc ng c xem l khng ng k nu p dng bin php gim nh thch hp trong hot ng xy dng.

| P a g e 153

Nghin cu tc ng b sung Phn tch v bin php gim nh tc ng c gii quyt thm trong Chng trnh k ti nh c, sinh k v pht trin dn tc thiu s (RLDP). 6.1.5.2 Thay i v h thng gia nh, Cu trc cng ng v Thu nhp: Xo trn cc h thng gia nh, cu trc v vn ha cng ng v bn sc dn tc. Cc x vng d n chim s ng bi cc nhm dn tc thiu s. Nhiu thnh vin dng h c xu hng cng lng v trong trng hp him hoi th chung trong cc h gia nh. Ngoi ra cn c mt s h gia nh c lm ch bi hoc ngi gi, ngi tn tt hay l n. Cc h gia nh ny s c nhiu nh hng nng n hn nhng h gia nh khc do nhng hn ch v th cht v s ph thuc vo ngi khc ca h. Vic di di cc h gia nh s ph v mng li cc gia nh v cng ng bi cc h gia nh th hin mi quan h qua li trong hot ng hng ngy v tp qun truyn thng. Cc bin php gim nh o to v cc chng trnh h tr c thc hin gip a dng ha thu nhp v gio dc ngi dn a phng v cc phng php ci tin cc k thut nng nghip. Cc chng trnh phc hi v pht trin, cung cp cc mng li truyn thng v cc chng trnh x hi c thit k h tr qu trnh chuyn i x hi cho c nhng h gia nh phi di di v nhng ngi hin ang khu vc s ti nh c. Cc chng trnh ny s tp trung vo vic tip tc canh tc nng nghip truyn thng, ha nhp cc nhm dn tc thiu s v gio dc. Thi hn tc ng s cao nu cc x phi di di, v c th khng bao gi c th tr li mt khi qu trnh xy dng c hon tt. H gia nh b nh hng s b ly i mi trng x hi ca h hin c v c th s khng c tri nghim trong cc mng li gia nh v c cu cng ng nh c. Cng tc ng s cao v s kh khn cho cc h gia nh ti nh c v cng ngi lng hay cng mt h gia nh nh trc. Phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s mc trung bnh, nu cc x c ti nh c gn vi khu vc d n. Kh nng xy ra v s o ln s va phi bi vic di di s nh hng n cc mng li gia nh v cng ng lm gin on hot ng hng ngy v sinh hot truyn thng ca h. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi nh vic cc nhm dn tc thiu s c th b mt i vn ha v bn sc dn tc ca h do di di. Cc bin php gim nh b sung s c yu cu gim thiu tc ng xung mt mc thp. Nghin cu tc ng b sung Phn tch v gim nh tc ng c gii quyt thm trong Chng trnh ti nh c, sinh k v Pht trin dn tc thiu s. 6.1.5.3 Mt mt/thay i cc khu vc vn ha quan trng: Lm tn hi hoc ph hy cc im vn ha v pht hin cc im mi. chun b cho TSHPP, h cha v xy dng ng Co Luong n Co Me, by im kho c hc v vn ho bit s yu cu phi khai qut. Ba khu t thing v mt khu nh m s yu cu phi khai qut. n nay, khng ai trong s cc nhm dn tc thiu s tng o hi ct t tin v s cn cc bin php gim nh c bit gii quyt vn vn ha tn ngng ca h. Trong khi thc hin cc hot ng gii phng mt bng cng l tim nng pht hin cc im kho c hc hoc im vn ha lch s cha bit. Cc bin php gim nh

| P a g e 154

 gim thiu nhng tc ng trong hot ng xy dng, cc bc s c thc hin gim thiu thit hi trong hot ng khai qut, v s khng c im no b tc ng cho n khi c iu tra k lng. Khai qut cc im kho c, lch s v vn ha bit yu cu phi thc hin ng nghi l trc khi ngng hot ng. cng, chng hn nh go v vt nui, c cung cp t kinh ph ca cc nh xy dng. Nghin cu b sung cng c th cn trc khi khai qut. Nu thm cc im mi c pht hin trong khi thc hin gii phng mt bng, cc nh thu s tham kho kin cc "Th tc gii quyt Pht l" c xc nh trong EMP nhm bo qun hin vt. Ngoi ra, Nh thu s tr gip cc x ti nh c trong vic xy cc ngi m mi, ngha trang, v nhng ni linh thing theo yu cu. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l v kh nng xy ra s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. S o ln s cao nu cc x ti nh c khng bao gi c th thit lp li c mi trng vn ha v x hi ban u. Tc ng tn d c d on s thp, nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Nghin cu tc ng b sung Cn thc hin cc nghin cu b sung v cc im mai tng. 6.1.5.4 Tng n, bi v giao thng Cc hot ng gii phng mt bng lng h s lm tng lng lu thng trn ng ti a phng. iu ny s cn tr cc phng php vn ti ca ngi dn a phng v gia tng tai nn giao thng. Gii phng mt bng cng lm tng mc bi v cc ht vt cht, gim cht lng khng kh cho c dn a phng v cng nhn xy dng. Ting n to ra trong qu trnh xy dng c th lm gin on hot ng hng ngy ca ngi dn a phng lm phin nhiu gia sc v cn tr cc tp tc vn ha. Cc bin php gim nh gim nh lng giao thng tng ln v theo l bi v n, lng giao thng tng thm s c hn ch n nhng khu vc nh. ng giao thng phi c phun nc thng xuyn, c trang b bin bo thch hp v giao thng ng b s c hn ch ch trong thi gian ban ngy. Cc hot ng xy dng phi c hn ch trong thi gian ban ngy v ngi dn phi c cnh bo trc khi c hot ng n mn. Ngoi ra, cc n lc s c thc hin gim thiu giao thng trong cc lng, cc khu vc dn c v cc con ng c gi khi bn bn, mnh v v nhng tr ngi khc. Thi hn v cng tc ng s thp nu bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong cc hot ng xy dng. Phm vi a l ca tc ng s va phi nu cc x c ti nh c nm gn ng Co Lng - Co Me, v giao thng ng b s cn tr cc phng php vn ti ca ngi dn a phng. Kh nng xy ra s cao bi ting n, bi v giao thng d kin s tc ng phn no cc h gia inh v dn lng a phng. S o ln s thp, nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong cc hot ng xy dng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi v cc bin php khc phc s c yu cu gim mc nh hng cn st li xung thp, hoc ti mc chp nhn c. Nghin cu tc ng b sung K hoch qun l giao thng cn thit to nhn thc trong cc x.

| P a g e 155

6.1.5.5 Thnh lp cc cng ng ti nh c Khong 357 h gia nh s b nh hng t vic to ra cc khu ti nh c v gia tng s lng ngi dn trong cc x. iu ny c th dn n: tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn thin nhin, gia tng nhu cu v y t v cc dch v cng cng, gia tng cc bnh ly truyn, xo trn mng li gia nh v cu trc cng ng, v thay i cho cc nhm dn tc thiu s v tp qun truyn thng hin ti. Cc bin php gim nh Trc khi ti nh c, cc x ti nh c nh s c nh gi v kh nng h tr cc h gia nh tng thm v ch cho nhng ngi mi n. iu ny s bao gm vic bo m ngun lc t nhin (nh nc, ci, nhin liu, vv), ngun thc phm (nh l vt nui, go, vv), v cc dch v cng cng (dch v y t, trung tm gio dc, vv) c th sng n nh vi tng dn s. Cc n lc s c a ra nhm hn ch khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin qu mc trong khu vc d n. Cung cp cc mng li truyn thng v cc chng trnh x hi h tr ti nh c trong qu trnh di chuyn, v cc chng trnh o to v h tr c thc hin to nhn thc v qun l ti nguyn thin nhin, a dng ha thu nhp, thc hnh v sinh v v cc yu t ly truyn bnh. Thi hn tc ng s cao nu cng ng c ti nh c b nh hng trong sut qu trnh xy dng. Cng tc ng s va phi nu vic lp cc khu ti nh c s to sc p i vi cc x ti nh c hin ti/ nh. Tc ng v a l s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Kh nng xy ra v s o ln s va phi nu cc x ti nh c tri nghim thm p lc t dng ngi dn n, n s to ra s gia tng nhu cu i vi ti nguyn thin nhin, ngun thc phm v dch v cng cng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi v cc bin php khc phc c yu cu gim mc nh hng cn st li xung thp, hoc ti mc chp nhn c. Nghin cu tc ng b sung Phn tch v gim nh tc ng c gii quyt thm trong Chng trnh ti nh c, sinh k v Pht trin dn tc thiu s (RLDP) .

6.1.6 Nhng Tc ng v kinh t

Nhn t tc ng Cc hot ng gii phng mt bng, chn, p, o, san lp, n mn, chy xe ti, d tr vt liu, x cht thi, pht trin ng s, xe c, chuyn dng chy, xy dng ln tri, lc lng lao ng v nhng ngi phc v ti ln tri. Tc ng tim n S mt mt v t sn xut, vic lm v thu nhp Tng nhu cu v ti nguyn thin nhin

6.1.6.1 S mt mt v rng v t sn xut, vic lm v thu nhp Khong 357 h gia nh s b nh hng bi vic mt hoc thay i v t ai. Mt s h gia nh b nh hng s mt g, tre lung non cha n tui khai thc v do , s khng th bn hoc phn phi sn phm. Cc h gia nh v cc x ny da vo ngun ti nguyn thin nhin

| P a g e 156

cho cuc sng hng ngy. Cc gia nh khng c thm ngun thu nhp s b nh hng nng n nht dn n s ngho i. iu ny c th dn n vic cc h gia nh phi t di di n cc khu vc sn xut tt hn hoc thay i tp qun truyn thng ca mnh nhm m bo kinh t cho bn thn. Cc bin php gim nh Cc hot ng xy dng phi c hn ch n nhng khu vc nh c thit k ngn chn vic gii phng thm mt bng hoc lm gin on sinh hot ca cc h gia nh lin k. Trong thi gian u ca gii phng mt bng, vic thc hin RLDP s cho php cc h gia nh b nh hng bi d n tn thu ti nguyn thin nhin c gi tr kinh t nhm h tr thm thu nhp cho cc h gia nh trong qu trnh di di. Thc thi RLDP s t chc o to v cc chng trnh h tr nhm a dng ho cc ngun thu nhp, v trin khai cc chng trnh nng cao nhn thc v qun l ti nguyn thin nhin cho ngi dn din di di. Khu ti nh c phi c t sn xut ph hp h tr cc x khi da vo ngun ti nguyn rng cho thc phm v thu nhp. Thi hn tc ng c nh gi l va phi nu cc hot ng xy dng s nh hng n x trong sut qu trnh thi cng. Cng ca tc ng ny s mc va phi bi vic pht trng rng dn n mt t sn xut v thu nhp ca cc h gia nh. Phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s va phi nu khu vc c gii phng mt bng c cc x v cc h gia nh khc. Kh nng xy ra v s o ln c nh gi l thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l trung bnh khi khong 357 h gia nh s b nh hng bi hot ng xy dng dn n vic mt t sn xut, thu nhp v vic lm. Bin php gim nh b sung s c yu cu gim thiu tc ng n mt mc thp hn. 6.1.6.2 Mt t rng dng lm k sinh nhai Lm nghip cng l mt trong nhng ngun thu nhp chnh cho cc x b nh hng bi d n. Tuy nhin, mt mt thi gian t 6 - 7 nm trc khi tre lung c th thu hoch. Nhng khu ti nh c nh phi c kh nng h tr ngi dn v cc h ti nh c m ngun sng ph thuc vo sn xut lm nghip. Cc h ti nh c cng s phi t duy tr cuc sng cho n k thu hoch tip theo hoc nhn bi thng ti chnh trong thi k tre lung ang tng trng. i vi nhng h dn c di di trong lng hin ti ca h v nhng ngi di di vo khu ti nh c nh sn, cc nhu cu cuc sng tng ln trong khi ti nguyn l hu hn. Trong c hai trng hp, t s phi c chia cho nhiu h gia nh. iu ny s lm gim din tch t s dng sn xut cho mi h gia nh. Lng ti nguyn sn c b suy gim lm tng s cnh tranh gia nhng ngi s dng dn n thu nhp cc h gia nh gim xung. Cc bin php gim nh

Cc chng trnh o to nng cao nhn thc v tm quan trng ca cc khu bo v. Nh thu nn tng cng cc bin php bo v v qun l cho cc khu bo v. An ninh c tng cng trnh khai thc g bt hp php, sn bn v cc hot ng sn bt trm. a ra quy ch cm cng nhn tiu th tht th trong cc ln tri xy dng. Cc cht thi bi cc ln tri xy dng v dn a phng cn c thu gom ng cch (thc hin chng trnh ti ch) v x l ti cc a im c ph duyt duy tr s ton vn ca mi trng.

| P a g e 157

Cc h gia nh phi di di s c cp t c th sn xut c nhm gip h tip tc sn xut tre lung v sn xut nng nghip. Cc bin php c thc thi s pht trin sinh k v h tr mt thi gian cho php cc x tr li thu hoch tre lung cng nh nhng cch thay i sinh k ca h. Cc chng trnh o to nng cao nhn thc v qun l ti nguyn thin nhin v xc tin vic ng qun l ti nguyn thin nhin gia cc x. Trong khu ti nh c, cc loi ht ging c cung cp khuyn khch sn xut ma mng. Cc h gia nh b nh hng bi d n cng cn c c cc khon vay vi li sut thp gip h mua gia sc v cc ngun lc b sung khc. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l v kh nng xut hin ca tc ng c nh gi l va phi nu ngi dn v cc h ti nh c s b nh hng trong sut qu trnh xy dng. Nhng khu ti nh c nh c th s khng th h tr ni dng ngi mi n. Kt qu l lng ti nguyn sn c b suy gim lm tng s cnh tranh gia nhng ngi s dng dn n thu nhp cc h gia nh gim xung. Tc ng xo trn s thp nu cc bin php thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi khi c dn hin ti v cc h ti nh c n c nhiu kh nng b nh hng do tng nhu cu v ngun ti nguyn hu hn. Cc bin php gim nh b sung s c yu cu gim thiu tc ng n mt mc thp.

6.1.7 Ln tri cng nhn

Nhn t tc ng Thnh lp tri xy dng (gii phng mt bng, xy dng ln tri, lc lng lao ng v nhng ngi n theo ln tri). Tc ng tim n S mang n khu vc gn 4000 cng nhn xy dng S phn cng vic nh Cch thc chuyn tip t canh tc nng nghip v sn xut lm nghip Tng nhu cu v c s h tng v cc dch v do nh hng t vic hnh thnh mt "th trn bng n" Tng mc cc bnh truyn nhim, mi dm, c bc, ma ty, trm cp v phm php Nhng thay i v x hi trong cc nhm dn tc thiu s

6.1.7.1 S mang n gn 4000 cng nhn xy dng S hnh thnh ca TSHPP s mang theo khong 4.000 cng nhn xy dng vo khu vc d n. Vic b sung cng nhn nam s bp mo c cu nhn khu hc hin ti trong khu vc. a s cc x b nh hng bi d n c s lng cn bng gia ph n v nam gii. Dng ngi l nam gii c th dn ti xung t x hi tim n gia ngi dn a phng v cng nhn xy dng. Cng nhn xy dng cng c th mang theo gia nh ca h n trong mt lng gn . iu ny cng c th lm thay i sinh hot ca cng ng v cng thng thm cc s hn ch v ti nguyn. S c s gia tng nhu cu ci thin cho cc c s v sinh v cc dch v x rc thi thch ng cho cng nhn xy dng. Tuy nhin, cc dch v ny s lm li cho ngi dn a phng v nhn dn sinh sng trong cc x ln cn khi qu trnh xy dng hon thnh.

| P a g e 158

Cc bin php gim nh Cc bin php c thc thi to iu kin sng tm thi v hp l cho cng nhn xy dng v nhng ngi phc v i theo ln tri, v kim sot quy m ca cc tc ng bng cch gim thiu dng ngi i n. Cc nh thu phi m bo khng c xung t gia cng nhn xy dng v dn a phng. Mt k hoch qun l tri cng nhn xy dng s c thc hin bi nh thu. Ngoi ra, nhng n lc s c thc hin duy tr cc sinh hot ca cng ng v chia s bnh ng cc ngun ti nguyn. Cng nhn xy dng c cung cp y cc phng tin v sinh mi trng v x l rc thi theo quy nh. Cc im x l cht thi c xc nh v gim st khng x cht thi m khng tun th cc iu kin duy tr tnh ton vn ca h sinh thi a phng. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l, kh nng xy ra v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Tc ng tn d c d on s thp khi cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. 6.1.7.2 S phn cng hoc chuyn i lao ng trong cc h gia nh Phn ln cng vic ng ng v vic nh (bao gm vic vt trong gia nh v nui dy con) l trch nhim ca ph n trong cc h gia inh. Phi nam c trch nhim h tr trong cc cng vic ng ng, nhng thng khng thc hin vic vt trong gia nh. Vi trin vng v c hi vic lm v thu nhp mi, c th c s gia tng khi lng cng vic trong gia nh/nng nghip cho ph n (nu n ng ca cc gia nh tr thnh cng nhn xy dng) hoc c th c s chuyn tip v cng vic nh,vic ng ng ca cc h gia nh cho ngi cao tui hoc tr tui (nu c n ng v ph n ca gia nh tr thnh cng nhn xy dng). S phn chia hoc chuyn tip cng vic trong h gia nh c th dn ti: sn xut lng thc gim; trnh hc vn ca ngi ngho c tr em v ph n s gim v h s dnh nhiu thi gian lm vic; v mc ngho i s cao ln do trnh sn xut thp. Lm pht trong vng s cao hn do s ph thuc vo thc phm a phng, ngun cung cp nc v vt liu cn thit cho cc hot ng hng ngy. Tuy nhin, s dng lao ng xy dng cng c th h tr thu nhp h gia nh v gip lm gim mc i ngho trong cc x. Cc bin php gim nh Vic thc hin RLDP s trin khai cc chng trnh h tr gip ph n, ngi gi v thanh nin trong cc hot ng gia nh v khuyn khch ngi nam gii khng c vic lm cng chia s trch nhim gia nh. Gim st gi c cc mt hng thit yu c duy tr bi s lm pht chc chn xy ra vi s cu vt cung trong qu trnh xy dng. N lc s c thc hin khuyn khch mang lng thc, thc phm v nc t bn ngoi vo. Thi hn tc ng s mc trung bnh nu ngi dn a phng b nh hng trong sut qu trnh xy dng. Cng tc ng s cao nu ph n, ngi gi v tr em phi chu c gnh nng lao ng chn tay, vic vt trong gia nh v nui dy con ci, dn n s phn cng lao ng. Ngoi ra, gia tng nhu cu v cc ngun lc ca a phng s gy ra lm pht cao trong thi gian xy dng. Phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s l va phi nu cc x, h gia nh,v cc tri ti nh c t gn cc cng trng xy dng. Kh nng xy ra v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi nn cc bin php khc phc b sung hoc gim nh s c yu cu gim mc tc ng n xung thp, hoc ti mc chp nhn c. Thiu st trong vic xem xt thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

| P a g e 159

Phn tch v gim nh tc ng c gii quyt K hoch qun l Tri Xy dng. 6.1.7.3 Tng Nhu cu v c s h tng v dch v do nh hng t hnh thnh hiu ng "Th trn bng n" Ln tri xy dng c th nh hng ng k n c s h tng v dch v cng ng hin c. S gia tng ng k cp dn s, hoc l tc ng ca hiu ng "Th trn bng n" , s lm tng nhu cu i vi cc dch v khc nh dch v cng ng v nhn vin lm vic (y t, cp cu, an ton lao ng, vv), th trng, cc trung tm gio dc, x l nc thi v dch v v sinh, in, nhin liu v nc sch ( ung, nu nng, tm ra vt nui vv). Nhng dch v ny c th gy ra xung t x hi vi ngi dn a phng bi lm tng nhu cu. Tuy nhin, cc dch v cng s lm li cho ngi dn a phng v nhn dn sinh sng trong cc x lin k. Cc bin php gim nh Ngi qun l tri phi m bo rng ti nguyn khu tri khng xung t vi cc ngun cung cp a phng cc x. Cc bin php an ninh c tng cng duy tr s ton vn ca cc khu bo tn. Tri xy dng v cc x c cn b c gio dc v o to ci thin cc dch v cng ng v h tr ti chnh s c cung cp duy tr cc hot ng. Cc n lc s c thc thi m bo c nc sch, c bit l trong ma kh v cc quy nh s c thi hnh ngn chn khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin (ci un). Ngi qun l tri phi m bo rng cc tri c trang b cc dch v v sinh theo ng quy nh tiu chun ca Vit Nam. Thi hn v cng ca tc ng c nh gi l va phi nu xy dng tri nh hng n c s h tng v dch v cng ng hin c do s bin ng lin tc s lng cng nhn v nhng ngi i theo phc v ln tri. Phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s va phi nu cc x, h gia nh, v cc tri c ti nh c s ph thuc vo ngun lc hn ch c sn trong khu vc d n. Kh nng xy ra v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi nn cc bin php khc phc b sung hoc gim nh s c yu cu gim mc nh hng cn st li xung thp hoc v mc chp nhn c. Nghin cu tc ng b sung Phn tch tc ng v gim nh c gii quyt trong K hoch Sc khe Lao ng v Chng trnh Sc khe cho Cng nhn Xy dng. 6.1.7.4 Tc ng v Sc khe v Cht lng cuc sng Cc tc ng ch yu, tc thi v bt li n sc khe d kin s xy ra ti nhng ni tp trung cng nhn xy dng v nhng ngi phc v i theo cc tri. Nhng tc ng ny s bao gm cc bnh truyn nhim (qua ng n v nc ung, cc bnh ly truyn qua ng tnh dc v HIV / AIDS), tai nn giao thng ng b v tai nn trong xy dng. Cc tc ng x hi c kh nng gy ra cng thng x hi, tm l, sinh l gia ngi dn b nh hng, c bit l nhng ngi cn c di di. Cc cng ng a phng i mt vi nguy c mt i vn ha v bn sc dn tc ca h do s bin ng tng ln ca cc cng nhn xy dng v nhng ngi phc v theo tri. S tp trung ng ngi c th dn n t nn mi dm, ma ty, c bc, phm php, trm cp v cc ri lon x hi khc, thay i sinh hot ca cng ng v cc mi quan h cng thng gia cc nhm dn tc thiu s. Cc bin php gim nh

| P a g e 160

Cng nhn xy dng v dn a phng s c nhn cc dch v chm sc y t thch hp. Phng khm ti tri cng nhn s c nhn vin y t c o to v cung cp vt t y t. Cc dch v y t s thc y v gio dc nng cao nhn thc cc x v cc tri cng nhn v v sinh c nhn, cc bnh ly truyn qua ng tnh dc, ma ty v cc hot ng lin quan. Nh thu phi m bo rng cc khu vc s dng chung c sch s v m bo v sinh. Mc an ninh s c tng ln, c bit l trn nhng con ng b v ng thy nhm kim sot bun bn ma ty v cc s c lin quan n ru. Cng nhn xy dng v dn a phng phi c kim tra thng xuyn v ma ty v bnh tt. An ninh lng bn c tng cng ngn chn s xm nhp v trm cp. Cc di sn vn ha v dn tc s c duy tr qua cc chng trnh h tr v cc hot ng thng qua vic thc hin bn RLDP. Thi hn tc ng c nh gi l va phi nu lin tc gim st cc cng nhn v nhng ngi phc v t tri trong sut qu trnh xy dng. Cng tc ng s mc trung bnh bi mt s lng ln cc h gia nh v cng nhn xy dng s b nh hng v cc x c th khng cn gi c bn sc ca h. Phm vi a l v kh nng xut hin ca tc ng s va phi nu bnh truyn nhim c truyn sang cc x v cc h gia nh ln cn . S o ln do tc ng s l thp nu cc bin php thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi nn cc bin php khc phc hoc gim nh b sung s c yu cu gim mc nh hng cn st li xung thp hoc v mc chp nhn c. Nghin cu tc ng b sung Phn tch v gim nh tc ng c gii quyt r thm Chng trnh ti nh c, sinh k v Pht trin dn tc thiu s (RLDP).6.1.7.5 To vic lm ti a phng v cch thc chuyn tip

sinh k ca a phng
TSHPP cng c th thu ngi dn a phng l cng nhn thi cng do dn n vic c th khai thc ngun lao ng gi r ca ngi dn a phng. Cng vic xy dng vic c th lm gim cc hot ng canh tc nng nghip truyn thng. Bi d n s ko di khong bn nm, khi ngi dn c kh nng khng duy tr c cc hot ng canh tc nng lm nghip truyn thng ca h, kt qu l s tc ng n thu nhp cng ng v mc sinh hot ph thi k hu xy dng. Mc d ngi dn a phng v nhn dn sinh sng trong cc x ln cn tm thi c hng li t vic lm, mi ngi s cn vic lm mi hoc quay tr li cc hot ng truyn thng mt khi xy dng hon thnh. Ngi dn s phi duy tr cc hot ng nng lm nghip sut qu trnh xy dng duy tr nng sut. Cc bin php gim nh Quy nh chun v tin cng v cng tc thu mn c a ra to ra c hi vic lm bnh ng. Cc hot ng truyn thng, nh trng trt v thu hoch tre lung s c h tr ngn ngi dn chuyn i sang cng n vic lm phi nng nghip. Mc sng ca cc x v cng nhn xy dng s c ci thin v cc hot ng truyn thng c h tr. Cc dch v c bn phi c cung cp cho c ngi lao ng a phng v cng nhn xy dng trnh nhng xung t x hi. Thi hn v phm vi a l ca tc ng c nh gi l va phi nu TSHPP thu mn thm dn lng, khi khai thc ngi dn a phng nh l mt ngun lao ng r. Tuyn dng cng nhn xy dng m ng cho vic di dn v ngi nhp c bt hp php qua bin gii, do s to ra s cnh tranh lu di gia nhng ngi dn. Ngoi ra, nam gii cc x v h gia nh c th s khng bao gi thc hin cc hot ng truyn thng na mt khi xy dng c hon tt. Cng , kh nng xy ra, v s o ln do tc ng s thp nu cc

| P a g e 161

bin php thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh xy dng. Cc tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp bi tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng cc bin php gim nh thch hp trong hot ng xy dng. Nghin cu tc ng b sung Phn tch tc ng v gim nh c gii quyt trong K hoch qun l xy dng tri 6.1.7.6 Mt mt a dng sinh hc v Gia tng p lc ln cc Khu bo tn Vic xy dng cc khu tri s i hi ngun lc ng k duy tr cng nhn cho khong bn nm. Tng nhu cu v ngun thc n, nc, nhin liu, ci, vt liu xy dng s trc tip cnh tranh cc ngun cung ang c s dng bi nhng ngi dn a phng. Gia tng nhu cu c th dn n khai thc ti nguyn thin nhin ti cc khu bo v dn n mt rng, tc ng ln cc loi v gim tnh ton vn trong cc khu bo v. Ngoi ra, cng nhn tri c th gy nhim mi trng do thiu c s x l cht thi ph hp, dn n suy thoi cc h sinh thi ca a phng (nc, t, thm thc vt vv). Cc bin php gim nh Cc chng trnh o to s c trin khai nng cao nhn thc v tm quan trng ca cc khu bo v. Nh thu s tng cng cc bin php bo v v qun l cho cc khu bo v. An ninh c tng cng trnh khai thc g, sn bn bt hp php v cc hot ng sn bt trm khc. a ra ni quy cho cng nhn nhm cm tiu th tht rng trong cc tri xy dng. Cht thi sn sinh bi cc tri xy dng v dn a phng c thu nht ng cch (thc hin cc chng trnh ti ch) v x l ti cc a im c ph duyt duy tr s ton vn ca mi trng. Thi hn tc ng s thp, nu cc bin php thch hp c thc hin trong qu trnh xy dng. Cng tc ng s va phi nh cc hot ng ca con ngi c th nh hng n tnh ton vn ca cc khu bo v, dn n nhng thay i gii hn m hnh phn b ng vt v thc vt hoang d. Phm vi a l v kh nng xut hin ca tc ng s thp nu cc bin php thch hp s c thc hin trong qu trnh xy dng. Cc o ln do tc ng s cao nu ti nguyn b mt i do cc hot ng ca con ngi m c th khng bao gi c phc hi. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi nn cc bin php khc phc hoc gim nh b sung s c yu cu gim mc nh hng cn st li xung thp, hoc v mc chp nhn c. 6.1.7.7 ng vo Co Lng - Co Me Nhn t tc ng Xy dng ng vo Co Lng - Co Me Tc ng tim n Mt che ph rng v t sn xut - xy dng ng vo Co Lng - Co Me d kin s lm bin i thnh phn loi v thay i mi trng sng. Cc hot ng xy dng c th can thip vo cc hot ng hng ngy ca ngi dn a phng v tc ng phin nhiu n vt nui. Ting n to ra trong qu trnh xy dng c th tc ng n cc tri cng nhn gn cng trng xy dng. Cc bin php gim nh

| P a g e 162

 gim thiu nhng tc ng trong qu trnh xy dng ng vo Co Lng - Co Me, Cc n lc s c thc thi tng cng bo v v cc bin php qun l nhm duy tr s ton vn ca cc khu bo v. Giao thng trn ng vo c quy nh gim thiu nhim khng kh v cc hot ng xy dng s c gii hn trong thi gian ban ngy gim thiu xo trn cho ngi dn a phng, tri cng nhn v cc loi ng vt hoang d. Thi hn tc ng s thp nu cc bin php thch hp c p dng trong giai on xy dng. Cng tc ng s mc trung bnh nu hot ng xy dng nh hng n ngi dn a phng v cc loi ng vt hoang d. Phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s mc trung bnh bi di ca ng Co Lng - C Me l 20,4 km. Kh nng xy ra v s o ln s thp nu bin php gim thiu thch hp c trin khai trc khi xy dng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp bi tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng cc bin php gim nh thch hp trong hot ng xy dng.

6.2

Giai on vn hnh

Nhng tc ng trong vn hnh l tc ng c kh nng xut hin sau khi sau khi hon thnh xy dng p. iu ny bao gm s ngp nc cc h cha va c to ra, hot ng ca nh my thu in, nh v cng trnh h tr cho cc nhn vin vn hnh v hot ng ca ng vo Co Lng n Co-Me

6.2.1 Vn hnh Nh my thy in

6.2.1.1 Ting n Nhn t tc ng Bi d tr, nh my in, xe ti ch hng, xe c, v.v. Tc ng tim n Ting n thp, lin tc nh hng n cng ng a phng. Trong qu trnh hot ng, my pht in trong nh my v xe vn ti s l ngun gy ting n chnh ti khu vc hot ng. Cc tc ng l thp ng k so vi giai on xy dng. Ting n c to ra trong hot ng ca ng vo C Lng - Co Me c kh nng nh hng n hot ng hng ngy ca dn lng, lm phin nhiu n gia sc v cn tr cc tp tc vn ha. Cc bin php gim nh Thit k v vn hnh chun mc cc phng tin thit b s gip gim lng ting n c to ra trong giai on vn hnh. Thc hin bo tr thng xuyn cc thit b vn hnh v xe c, v cc ro chn m thch hp s c lp t trn tt c my mc gim tc ng ting n. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l, kh nng xy ra v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp khi tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng cc bin php gim nh trong thi gian vn hnh cc hot ng. Nghin cu tc ng b sung Xc nh cc gii php gim ting n nu cn.

| P a g e 163

Bng 6-2: Cc tc ng trong Vn hnh v Bin php Gim nh xut

Tnh cht tc ng

Nhn t tc ng

ca D n
Cng Thi gian Phm vi

Vn hnh nh my thy in (Bi d tr, nh my in, xe ti ch hng)

Ting n

Ting n mc thp lin tc nh hng ti cc x Tng ting n, bi v xe c trn ng ca cng ng

n phi khng nh hng n hot ng hng ngy Hot ng xe c khng lm gin on hoc nh hng ti dn lng

Thit k v vn hnh ng chun mc cc thit b v lp ro chn m Bo dng xe c ng cch Lp t bin bo giao thng v gim tc Bo dng v sa cha ng nu cn

T H

T H

T H

TH

T H

T H

Tc ng tn d T H T H T H T H

Kh nang xy ra

Vn

Tc ng

Mc ch/tiu chun gim nh

Bin php gim nh

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

S o ln

Xc nhn cc bin php gim n nu cn thit K hoch Qun l Giao thng cn chi tit hn

Giao thng ng b

T H

T H

T H

TH

T H

Tng lng rc mnh vn tri ni

Dnh vo cc tua bin

Rc vn khng lm tc nghn cc thit b ngm trong nc

Tun th cc quy nh trong K hoch khai thc tn dng cy ci (K hoch gii phng mt bng lng h) Tun th cc quy nh trong K hoch khai thc tn dng cy ci (K hoch gii phng mt bng lng h) Tun th cc quy nh trong K hoch khai thc tn dng cy ci (K hoch gii phng mt bng lng h)

T H

T H

T H

TH

T H

Cn thit lm r K hoch Khai thc tn dng lm sn (K hoch gii phng lng h)

Phn hy v thi ra sinh khi thc vt

Gim hmlng xy

Duy tr hm lng xy cho s sng cc loi thy sn Khng sinh ra cc mi c hi

T H

T H

T H

TH

T H

Tng bc mi

T H

T H

T H

TH

T H

| P a g e 164

Tnh cht tc ng

Nhn t tc ng

ca D n
Cng Thi gian Phm vi

Ph dng ha

Hm lng dinh dng v cht lng nc h cha c duy tr Ko di ti a tui th hu dng ca h cha

Tun th cc quy nh trong K hoch khai thc tn dng cy ci (K hoch gii phng mt bng lng h) Pht trin m hnh bi lng lng h v qun l xi mn ko di tui th hu dng ca h cha Gim thiu bi lng ton lu vc thng qua thc hin tip cn sng nguyn ven trong qun l lu vc

T H

T H

T H

TH

T H

T H

Tc ng tn d C T B T H T

Kh nang xy ra

Vn

Tc ng

Mc ch/tiu chun gim nh

Bin php gim nh

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

S o ln

Cn xy dng m hnh Cht lng nc cho c h cha v vng h lu Cn c m hnh bi lng cho h cha

S bi lng lng h

Tng s bi lng sau khi tch nc

T B

T H

Thay i dng chy thy vn

Tng nh dng chy v thi gian ngp nc dn n xi mn v suy thoi h sinh thi

Duy tr dng chy v thi gian ngp nc mc bo m s ton vn ca mi trng sng v cc cng ng h ngun Khng mt rng cc loi c v thy sinh vt

Gim thiu bin i mc nc qun l cc thay i v thy vn Thc hin cc th tc duy tr lng nc x hng ngy Xy dng cc cng x duy tr dng nc Cn thm cc nghin cu v s gim st

T B

T B

T B

TH

T H

Cc tc ng n cc loi thy sn h ngun

Thay i vng giao phi v trng h ngun do khng cn bng v dng chy v cht lng nc Vng sinh sn thng ngun v

T H

T H

TH

T H

Gim lng nh bt cc

Thay i mi trng sng sng sui thnh

Khuyn khch th c tng s

TH

| P a g e 165

Tnh cht tc ng

Nhn t tc ng

ca D n
Cng Thi gian Phm vi

loi c gi tr kinh t

trung ngun s b nh hng v thay i dng chy Thay i vng giao phi v trng ca cc loi c a phng Thay i v nng sut nh bt c

kiu mi trng ao h

qun th H tr cc chng trnh nui v th c

Thay i cc loi c hin c

Khng mt rng cc loi c

Cn c thm nghin cu v gim st

T H

T H

TH

T H

T H

Thay i nng sut c

Nng sut nh bt c cao nht m khng tn hi n cc loi

Xc tin chng trnh nui trng thy sn vng Gio dc ngi dn v phng php v k thut nh bt hp l Khuyn khch cc hot ng du lch v ngh dng Thc thi chnh sch v th tc nhm duy tr mi trng dng chy h lu Pht trin trnh t th tc vn hnh duy tr dng chy mi trng Xem xt phng php tip cn sng nguyn vn trong qun l lu vc

T B

T H

TB

T B

T B

Tng c hi du lich v ngh dng Vn hnh p v pht in (tua bin, khi lng dng chy ra, etc.) Gim mi trng dng chy v cc tc ng vng h ngun Bin i mi trng dng chy

Khuyn khch cc hot ng du lch v ngh dng bn vng Duy tr mi trng dng chy h lu

T B T H

T B T H

T H T H

TB

T B T H

T B T H Cn cc phn tch thm v tc ng vng h lu v tc ng dng chy h lu

TH

Tc ng tn d

Kh nang xy ra

Vn

Tc ng

Mc ch/tiu chun gim nh

Bin php gim nh

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

S o ln

| P a g e 166

Tnh cht tc ng

Nhn t tc ng

ca D n
Cng Thi gian Phm vi

Li ch kim sot l lt

Gim thit hi do l lt

Ngn chn l lt gy thit hi vng h lu

Xy dng th tc vn hnh nhm duy tr dng chy mi trng trong khi pht huy ti a li ch kim sot l vng h lu Xem xt cch tip cn sng nguyn vn trong quan l lu vc

T H

T H

T H

TH

T H

T H

Thiu s chuyn ti bi lng h lu

Mt cc mi trng sng quan trng nh cc din tch nng ngip Gim cht lng nc vng h lu

m bo s ton vn cc mi trng sng h lu

Thc thi chng trnh cht lng nc mu vng h lu Monitor changes in downstream habitats Thc thi chng trnh cht lng nc mu ti vng h lu

T H

T H

TH

T H

T H

Tc ng tn d T H T H `T H

Kh nang xy ra

Vn

Tc ng

Mc ch/tiu chun gim nh

Bin php gim nh

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

S o ln

Khong trng thiu quan tm ti tc ng

Cc tc ng ln cht lng nc h lu Mt i cc c vt c ngha vn ha / lch s

Duy tr cht lng nc vng h lu theo tiu chun Vit Nam Khng lm h hng / mt i cc im vn ha / lch s vng h lu

T H

T H

TH

T H

Khong trng- thiu quan tm n tc ng

Xi mn cc c vt c gi tr vn ha / lch s vng h lu

Nhng im c xc nh nguy c xi mn s c gim st trong qu trnh vn hnh ca p Cc bc c trin khai bo tn / di di cc c vt vn ha /lch s (v d kho st vn ha, tham vn lut Di sn Vn ha v.v...) Thc thi m hnh l gim st nhim mn

T B

T H

T B

TH

T H

Khong trng- cn co chng trnh gim st lin tc

Thay i nhim mn vng thy triu

Suy gim nng sut nng nghip, c bit l la

Duy tr nng sut nng nghip

T H

T H

T B

TH

T H

Khong trng- thiu quan tm n tc ng

| P a g e 167

Tnh cht tc ng

Nhn t tc ng

ca D n
Cng Thi gian Phm vi

Cn tr vn ti ng sng

S cn tr vn ti hng ha, lm sn v ngi

Vn ti ng sng phi c duy tr

Kt ni cc ng ng nhm duy tr giao thng trong lu vc Xy dng bn thuyn ti v tr p ni vi ng vo

T H

T H

T B

TH

T H

T H

Thay i v nui trng thy sn v ngh c H tr ca cc nhn vin vn hnh Thm 130 ngi c tr lu di

Mt i ngun thc phm v thu nhp

Khng c s mt rng v nui trng thy sn v cc loi c Duy tr s bn vng ca ti nguyn thin nhin

Thc thi k hoch qun l nui trng thy sn v ngh c

T H

T H

T B

TH

T H

T H

Tc ng tn d T H T H T H T H

Kh nang xy ra

Vn

Tc ng

Mc ch/tiu chun gim nh

Bin php gim nh

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

S o ln

Khong trng- yu cu lm r thm

Khai thc qu mc ti nguyn

Cc chng trnh gio dc v nng cao nhn thc qun l ti nguyn thin nhin ng qun l ti nguyn hin c gia nhn vin vn hnh v cc x

T H

T H

T H

TH

T H

Tng cc nhu cu dch v sc khe v cng ng Tc ng n vn ha v cc nhm dn tc thiu s hin ti Hot ng ca ng Co Luong Co Me Bi Gim cht lng khng kh nh hng ti cc x v cc h gia nh

Cc dch v phi phc v tt cho nhn vin vn hnh v dn lng Vn ha v cc nhm dn tc thiu s s khng b tc ng lu di Bi sinh ra khng c nguy hi ti sc khe cc nhm b nh hng

S dng nhng dch v v phng tin hin c ca cc ln tri Cung cp mng li thng tin v cc chng trnh x hi nhm tr gipcc nhm dn tc thiu s, nu cn thit Bo dng ng s thng xuyn Ri nha ng, nu cn

T H T H

T H T H

T H T H

TH

T H T H

TH

T H

T H

T H

TH

T H

| P a g e 168

Tnh cht tc ng

Nhn t tc ng

ca D n
Cng Thi gian Phm vi

To ra ting n v rung ng vo c ci thin

Tham kho chi tit thm ti phn To ra ting n v rung trong Cc tc ng xy dng

ng vo vng su v/hoc cc khu bo v thun tin hn Ci thin giao thng vn ti

Ti nguyn thin nhin v cc khu bo v khng b khai thc cho mc ch s dng c nhn ng s c bo tr phc v giao thng vn ti ca a phng ng a phng s khng c s dng cho hat ng phi php

Tng cng an ninh dc ng Hn ch i vo cc khu vc thin nhin hoc khu bo v

T H

T B

TH

T B

Bo dng v sa cha ng s

T H

T B

TH

T B

T B

Tng s xm nhp v bun bn ma ty

Thc thi k hoch qun l ng vo Tng cng an ninh dc ng Gim st cc x ven ng v hot ng khai thc ca h

T B

T H

T B

TH

T H

T H

Tc ng tn d

Kh nang xy ra

Vn

Tc ng

Mc ch/tiu chun gim nh

Bin php gim nh

Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

S o ln

| P a g e 169

6.2.2 Giao thng ng b

Nhn t tc ng Bi d tr, nh my in, xe ti ch hng, xe vn chuyn , vv Tc ng tim n Tng bi v xe c trn nhng con ng cng ng s nh hng n ngi dn a phng v cc h gia nh. Hot ng ca xe c s tng lng lu thng trn tuyn ng a phng s cn tr giao thng ca ngi dn a phng v gia tng cc v tai nn giao thng tim n. Xe vn chuyn cng s lm tng mc bi v cc ht vt cht, gim cht lng khng kh cho c dn a phng. Cc bin php gim nh gim nh tc ng ca s gia tng lng giao thng ng b v cp bi, lng giao tng thm s c hn ch n cc khu vc dn c. ng giao thng v phng tin vn ti c bo dng v sa cha y theo yu cu. Lp t cc gii hn tc v bin bo giao thng ng b s gim thiu cc v tai nn giao thng. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l, kh nng xy ra, v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp khi tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng cc bin php gim nh trong thi gian hot ng hot ng. Nhn t tc ng Yu cu thm mt s chi tit trong K hoch qun l giao thng

6.2.3 Ngn dng tch nc cho h cha

1. 2. 3. 4. Tng mc ph sa l lng Phn hy sinh khi thc vt Bi lng trong h cha Thay i cc loi c hin c

6.2.3.1 Tng mc ca Rc ni Nhn t tc ng

Ngp nc
Tc ng tim n t v thm thc vt b ngm nc s pht tn cc cht dinh dng v rc thc vt vo trong nc. Rc tri ni s cn tr cc thit b ht nc, lm gim lu lng nc vo tua bin, dn n vic pht in gim v km hiu qu hn. Cc bin php gim nh Thc hin theo cc bin php quy nh ti K hoch khai thc v tn thu lm sn (K hoch gii phng mt bng lng h). Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng

| P a g e 170

Yu cu lm r trong K hoch Khai thc v tn thu Lm sn (K hoch gii phng mt bng lng h). 6.2.3.2 Phn hu sinh khi thc vt Nhn t tc ng

Ngp nc
Tc ng tim n Phn hy sinh khi dn n hm lng oxy gim, tng bc mi, v ph dng ha trong cc h cha. Tng mc dinh dng s nh hng n cht lng nc dn n lng oxy ha tan thp v pht mi c hi. Nhng hot ng ny s nh hng n s sng ca thy sn dn n s mt i cc loi c. Cc bin php gim nh Mc oxy c duy tr m bo s sng cc loi thy sn khu vc h cha. Cc nh thu phi m bo vic dn nh k sinh khi trnh sinh ra cc mi c hi. Mc dinh dng v cht lng nc ti cc h cha c duy tr m bo s sng ca cc loi thy sn. Thc hin theo cc bin php quy nh ti K hoch Khai thc v tn thu Lm sn (K hoch gii phng mt bng lng h). Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng Mu cht lng nc yu cu cho c h cha v vng h lu. 6.2.3.3 Bi lng h cha Nhn t tc ng Ngp nc h cha v s tch t lng ng. Tc ng tim n Tng thm trm tch sau s tch nc trong h cha dn n nhng tc ng cho vng h ngun. Khi lng trm tch tng, mi trng sng ca c s b thay i (v d bung che y sng), ph hy cc khu vc sinh sn, v gim nng sut v thc n ca c. Cc bin php gim nh Ti a ha tui th hu ch ca h cha bng cch pht trin k hoch qun l m hnh bi lng h cha v xi mn. Lng bi lng c gim thiu trong ton b lu vc thng qua vic thc hin cch tip cn qun l sng nguyn vn t u ngun. Thi gian v cng tc ng s cao v lng trm tch d kin s tng trong sut giai on hot ng ca p dn n s mt i cc loi c v cht lng nc xu i. Phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s va phi bi trm tch thng ngun s c tc ng trc tip n ngi s dng h ngun v s sng ca thy sn . Kh nng xy ra tc ng s cao nu trm tch lm gim cht lng ca nc v ph hy cc khu vc chn nui v sinh sn ca thy sn. S o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l cao nu c tc ng nht nh s xy ra do s bi lng gia

| P a g e 171

tng ca h cha. N s mang li nhng thay i ng k cho thy sn v mi trng ca con ngi. Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng M hnh bi lng cho h cha l cn thit. 6.2.3.4 Thay i cc loi c hin ti Nhn t tc ng Ngp nc Tc ng tim n Thay i vng nui v sinh sn a phng do s bi lng tng ln v cc phng php nh bt khng ng cch. S tch nc ca h cha v thay i cht lng nc s lm cho nhiu loi c chuyn i v mang n cc loi mi. Ban u, qun th c c kh nng s tng do khai thc ti nguyn h cha, sau l s lng qun th s gim. Yu t chnh nh hng n s n nh lu di ca qun th c c xc nh ch yu bi cht lng nc v mc bin ng dng chy hng nm. Con p s chn cc tuyn ng c th di c gia khu vc h cha v vng h lu, nh hng n sn xut ngnh thu sn. Gia tng c hi gii tr v du lch s lm thay i mi trng sng ca c dn n s mt rng cc loi c. Cc bin php gim nh Sn xut thu sn c y mnh ti a m khng nh hng n thnh phn loi. Mt chng trnh nui trng thu sn vng s c y mnh tng cng ngh c. Cc chng trnh o to gio dc ngi dn v cc phng php v k thut nh bt thch hp s c thc hin. m bo s tng trng ca ngnh thu sn, cc hot ng gii tr v du lch bn vng cng s c khuyn khch. Thi gian v cng tc ng s va phi nu s tch nc ca h cha lm thay i cc loi c hin ti trong sut giai on hot ng. Phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s thp nu cc bin php thch hp c p dng cho cc khu vc b nh hng ca h cha. Kh nng xy ra v s o ln s va phi nu tng cc hot ng du lch v vui chi gii tr nh hng n ngnh thu sn. Ngoi ra, p s chn cc kiu di tr ca c bi mt s loi c th khng thch ng vi iu kin nc ng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l va phi nu cc bin php gim nh b sung hoc cc bin php khc phc c yu cu gim mc nh hng n mc thp, hoc v mc chp nhn c.

6.2.4 Vn hnh p v Pht in

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Gim v mi trng dng chy Li ch kim sot l lt t vn chuyn bn ct xung h ngun Thay i v mn Thay i lnh vc nui trng thy sn v ngh c

| P a g e 172

6.2.4.1 Gim mi trng dng chy v tc ng vng h lu Nhn t tc ng Tua bin, khi lng dng x, vv Tc ng tim n Thay i dng chy mi trng s lm tng tc ng vo h sinh thi vng h lu sng v nh hng n i sng ca nhng ngi sng dc hai bn b sng. Bin ng dng chy s lm thay i hnh dng v chc nng con sng, gim hoc tng s phong ph cc loi ng vt v thc vt ven sng. Ngnh Thu sn c th b nh hng bi gim cc loi bn a. Cc bin php gim nh Dng chy mi trng xung h lu phi c duy tr gim tc ng vng h ngun i vi con ngi v mi trng. Cc chnh sch v th tc c thc hin v trnh t vn hnh phi c ra duy tr dng chy mi trng. Phng php tip cn sng nguyn vn c xem xt qun l s dng t trong ton b din tch lu vc sng M. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l, kh nng xy ra, v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp nu tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng cc bin php gim nh trong thi gian hot ng. Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng Cc phn tch su thm tc ng vng h ngun v tc ng vo dng chy h ngun l cn thit. 6.2.4.2 Li ch Kim sot l Nhn t tc ng Tua bin, khi lng nc x, vv Tc ng tim n Vic to ra ca mt ro chn s kim sot mc l lt v gim tim nng ca cc thit hi do l lt h ngun. iu ny c hiu l mt tc ng tch cc bi cc cng ng h ngun s c hng li t vic gim thit hi v cy trng v cc h dn bn sng. Cc bin php gim nh Dng chy mi trng v h lu phi c duy tr gim tc ng i vi h ngun. Cc chnh sch v th tc c thc hin v trnh t vn hnh phi c pht trin duy tr dng chy mi trng . Phng php tip cn sng nguyn vn c xem l mt cch qun l lu vc. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l, kh nng xy ra, v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp nu tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng cc bin php gim nh trong thi gian hot ng.

| P a g e 173

6.2.4.3 Gim s vn chuyn bn t xung H lu Nhn t tc ng Tua bin, khi lng nc thot ra, vv Tc ng tim n Thay i dng chy mi trng s dn n vic mt i nhng mi trng sng v cc din tch nng nghip quan trng. Gim s vn chuyn bn t s nh hng n sn xut nui trng thy sn h ngun dn n tn tht a dng sinh hc v c v mi trng sng. Cc bin php gim nh Thc hin chng trnh cht lng nc m hnh gim tc ng vng h ngun. Tnh ton vn ca mi trng sng h ngun s c duy tr v gim st lin tc cho bt k s thay i no trong h sinh thi ven sng. Thi hn, cng , kh nng xy ra v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Nu tc ng h lu chc chn s xy ra do thiu s vn chuyn bn ct th phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s rng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp nu cc tc ng c xem l khng ng k v iu ny ty thuc vo vic p dng cc bin php gim nh trong thi gian thc hin hot ng. Thiu st trong vic xem xt tc ng Xem xt thiu y tc ng. 6.2.4.4 Tc ng v cht lng nc h lu Nhn t tc ng Tua bin, khi lng nc thot ra, vv Tc ng tim n Lng xy thp s tc ng n cht lng nc nh hng ti ngi s dng v mi trng sng c h lu. nhim mn c th b nh hng trong cc khu thy triu tc ng n sn xut nng nghip, c bit l nhng cnh ng la h ngun. Cc bin php gim nh Cht lng nc c duy tr theo tiu chun Vit Nam. iu ny s gip trong vic duy tr thnh phn loi v nng sut ca con sng. Nng sut nng nghip s c duy tr thng qua vic thc hin chng trnh cht lng nc m hnh h ngun v m hnh l lt gim st nhim mn. Thi hn, cng , kh nng xy ra v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s cao nu tc ng khng c hn ch trong vng d n v c kh nng nh hng n cc nhnh sng h lu. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp nn tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng cc bin php gim nh trong thi gian hot ng. Tc ng cn li

| P a g e 174

Xem xt thiu y tc ng. 6.2.4.5 S ph hy hoc mt mt tim n cc c vt c ngha v lch s / vn ha Nhn t tc ng Tua bin, khi lng nc thot ra, vv Tc ng tim n Khi lng nc thot i dao ng cng vi cc sn dc trong vng d n, t khng n nh, v thiu s vn chuyn cht bi lng c kh nng dn n xi mn h ngun v tng thit hi hay mt i cc im c ngha lch s / vn ha. Duy tr di tch lch s / vn ha trong tnh trng tt c xem l mt u tin v yu cu cc bin php gim thiu c thit k ring cho mi im lch s / vn ha. Cc bin php gim nh Cc im c ngha lch s / vn ha bn ngoi vng d n cng c kh nng b nh hng bi hot ng ca d n; v do , i hi s cng nhn ph hp theo Lut Di sn vn ho. Cc im c ngha lch s / vn ha h ngun ca con p cn c gim st v nh gi ri ro m bo tnh ton vn cu trc ca chng. Thm cc nghin cu v iu tra ang c ngh nhm ti liu ha im ny v quy nh tn trng cc bin php gim nh. Cc bin php gim nh b sung c th c m t trong K hoch qun l cc ti nguyn vn ha vt th ca d n. Cc cng , kh nng xy ra v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Thi gian tc ng d kin s va phi v cc tc ng d kin s din ra trong chu k ca d n. Phm vi a l d kin s l va phi v cc tc ng s din ra h ngun hoc ngay bn ngoi vng d n. 6.2.4.6 Cn tr giao thng ng sng Nhn t tc ng Tua bin, khi lng nc thot ra, vv Tc ng tim n ng ca hoc hn ch s dng cc tuyn vn ti s cn tr vic vn chuyn hng ho, lm nghip, vt liu v nhn dn v h ngun. Cc bin php gim nh ng giao thng c ni lin vi nhau duy tr giao thng trn cc vng ca lu vc. Mt khu vc cu cng phi c xy dng thng ngun ca con p kt ni vi cc ng vo d n nhm cho php vn chuyn hng v th trng h lu. Thi hn, cng , kh nng xy ra v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Phm vi a l ca cc tc ng s cao nu s lng v tn s ca ngi s dng sng l khng hn ch trong vng d n. Con sng ny l ngun chnh vn chuyn hng ha v h lu, do vy, nhng ngi c thu nhp ph thuc vo s dng dng sng ch v / hoc nhn vt liu s b tc ng trn quy m ln hn. Tc

| P a g e 175

ng tn d c nh gi l thp nu tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng cc bin php gim nh trong thi gian hot ng. 6.2.4.7 S thay i lnh vc nui trng thu sn v ngh c Nhn t tc ng Tua bin, khi lng nc thot ra, vv Tc ng tim n Nui trng thy sn v ngh c s b nh hng do thay i v mn. Tng nhim mn dn n mt vng nui trng thy sn v cc loi c. Cc bin php gim nh Thc hin k hoch qun l nui trng thy sn v ngh c. 6.2.4.8 Gim nh bt thu sn c gi tr kinh t Nhn t tc ng Bi d tr vt liu, nh my in, xe ti ch hng, tua bin, khi lng nc thot ra, vv Tc ng tim n Cc vng sinh sn khu vc thng ngun v trung ngun s b nh hng do s thay i dng chy, lm gim nng sut cc loi c c gi tr kinh t. Cc bin php gim nh Mi trng sng ca c s c thay i thnh mi trng kiu ao h to iu kin sinh sn v vic th c phi c y mnh phc hi qun th cc loi quan trng. Cung cp cc h tr xc tin cc chng trnh nui v th c nng cao nng sut ca cc qun th b suy gim. Thi hn, kh nng xy ra v s o ln do tc ng s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trc khi xy dng. Cng v phm vi a l ca tc ng c nh gi l va phi nu hot ng sinh sn ti cc khu vc thng ngun v trung ngun b nh hng do s thay i dng chy, v n s c tc ng trc tip n s sng ca thy sn, ngi s dng h lu v kinh t ngh c. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp nu tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng bin php gim nh thch hp trong hot ng xy dng.

6.2.5 H tr Nhn vin vn hnh

Nhn t tc ng Thm 130 c dn thng tr Tc ng tim n S b sung ca 130 c dn thng tr s dn n khai thc ti nguyn qu mc trong vng d n. S c mt s tng ln v nhu cu i vi ti nguyn thin nhin v cc dch v y t, cng

| P a g e 176

ng. Cc nhn vin vn hnh s chia s cc dch v vi cc x v ngi dn a phng iu m c th dn n xung t x hi. Cc cng ng a phng i mt vi nguy c mt i vn ha v bn sc dn tc v s gia tng ca cc nhn vin vn hnh. Cc bin php gim nh Tnh bn vng ca qun l ti nguyn thin nhin c duy tr thng qua gio dc v cc chng trnh tng cng nhn thc. Hp tc qun l ti nguyn thin nhin tn ti gia cc x v nhn vin vn hnh c khuyn khch duy tr s ton vn cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin trong khu vc d n. Cc phng tin v dch v khu tri c s dng gim thiu ph thuc qu mc v ti nguyn bn ngoi. Cc nh thu phi m bo rng vn ha v cc nhm thiu s s khng b nh hng mt cch lu di. Mng li truyn thng v cc chng trnh x hi s c gii thiu tr gip cc nhm dn tc thiu s, nu cn thit. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l, kh nng xy ra, v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp nu tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng bin php gim nh trong thi gian hot ng hot ng.

6.2.6 Vn hnh ng Co Lng - Co Me

6.2.6.1 Cht lng Khng kh Nhn t tc ng Xe ti ch hng v giao thng ng b. Tc ng tim n Cc hot ng ca ng Co-Lng - Co Me s nh hng n cht lng khng kh trong vng d n. Bi to ra trong hot ng trn ng c th lm gim cht lng khng kh cho cng nhn vn hnh, x, dn a phng v mi trng xung quanh. Ngoi ra, giao thng trn ng khng ri nha, kt hp vi vic dng xe s to ra bi khng kh (SPM) v lng pht thi kh nh xit lu hunh, xit nit (SOx, Nox) v kh xit ccbon. Cc bin php gim nh gim thiu nhng tc ng trong hot ng ca ng C Lng - Co Me, cc bin php kim sot bi c thc hin trn nhng con ng khng tri nha trong iu kin kh v nhiu gi. Tiu chun cht lng khng kh c duy tr trong sut qu trnh hot ng v tt c cc tuyn ng khng tri nha s phi c trng nha (nu cn thit) hoc phun nc. Thi hn, cng , phm vi a l, kh nng xy ra, v s o ln s thp nu cc bin php gim nh thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh hot ng. Tc ng tn d c nh gi l thp nh tc ng c xem l khng ng k phi p dng cc bin php gim nh trong thi gian hot ng hot ng. 6.2.6.2 Ting n v chn ng Tham kho mc "Ting n v chn ng" trong phn "Tc ng xy dng" bit thm chi tit. 6.2.6.3 ng vo c ci thin

Tc nhn gy ra tc ng | P a g e 177

Hot ng vn chuyn ca xe ti, giao thng ng b, vv...

Tc ng tim n
Vic xy dng ng Co Luong Co Me s lm gia tng cc hot ng trong khu vc d n. Cc cng nhn vn hnh, dn lng v cc x c th tip cn d dng cc khu vc xa xi v/hoc cc khu vc c bo v. V nhu cu i vi thc phm v cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin tng ln, nhng ngi b tc ng c xu hng ph thuc vo cc khu vc t nhin v cc khu vc c bo v v mc ch tiu th c nhn, v ng Co Luong-Co Me s gip h tip cn nhng khu vc ny. ng ny cng s lm tng cc hot ng phi php nh phm ti v xut khu ma ty, lm thay i ng lc ca cng ng v lm cc quan h gia nhng ngi sng trong vng tr nn cng thng. Tuy nhin, ngi x v ngi lng c th c hng li t vic vn ti c ci thin nhm to iu kin thun li cho cc tp qun v hot ng hng ngy ca mnh.

Cc bin php gim nh

gim nh cc tc ng trong khu vc vn hnh, cn phi tng cng an ninh dc cc ng v hn ch vic tip cn cc khu vc t nhin v khu vc c bo v. Nh thu phi m bo thc hin cc bin php thch hp nhm ngn cm ngi dn khai thc cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin v mc ch tiu th c nhn. Cn phi tng cng an ninh dc cc ng nhm gim st ngi dn a phng sng ven ng v cc hot ng xut khu cng cc hot ng phi php ca h. Cn phi bo dng v sa cha ng nu cn thit v trin khai k hoch qun l tip cn duy tr s nguyn vn ca h sinh thi a phng. Thi lng tc ng s cao v ngi dn a phng v cng nhn vn hnh s ph thuc vo cc ngun ti nguyn thin nhin trong sut thi gian trin khai d n. Cng v Kh nng xy ra ca tc ng s thp v cc bin php thch hp c p dng trong qu trnh vn hnh. Phm vi a l ca tc ng l trung bnh v ng Co Luong v Co Me nm gn cc khu vc t nhin v khu vc c bo v. ng ny s gip tip cn cc khu vc ny d dng hn. Kh nng o ngc l trung bnh qua vic xem xt phm vi ca tc ng i vi cc khu vc c bo v.

6.3 Tc ng Tch ly ca TSHPP

Cc phn tch tc ng tch ly cho TSHPP quan tm n s tng tc ca bn thnh phn ca d n sau: Xy dng v vn hnh con p; Xy dng v hot ng ca ln tri xy dng; Xy dng v hot ng ca ng vo; v Ti nh c ca hn 2.500 ngi.

nh gi v nh gi tc ng tch ly tim nng, mt phn tch v s tng tc gia ba thnh phn ca d n vo cc b phn quan trng ca mi trng v x hi c xc nh ti ng c s. Cc bin php gim nh v qun l cng c xut. Tm tt cc tc ng tch ly d kin ca d n c trnh bu ti Bng 6-3.

| P a g e 178

Bng 6-3: Tm tc cc tc ng tch ly ca d n

Tnh cht tc ng

Cht lng khng kh v ting n Cht lng nc S lng nc Th nhng a dng sinh hc Trn cn

Tng mc bi v ting n trong qu trnh xy dng Cc tc ng ln cht lng nc trong vng bi tng nc thi Tc ng ln ngun cung cp nc khu vc Nhng tc ng do thay i s dng t Tng p lc khai thc ng vt hoang d lm thc n v cc mc ch s dng khc

Thc thi cc bin php trit tiu bi

TH

TH

TH

TH

TH

S o ln
TH TH TH TH TB

Cng

Thnh phn mi trng v x hi

Tc ng tch ly d kin

Bin php qun l hoc gim nh Thi gian Phm v

TH

X l nc thi theo tiu chun Vit Nam Hon thnh nghin cu nc ngm nh mt phn ca vic lp t cc ging nc mi ng dng CLIP Quy ch cm cng nhn sn bn v bt c Cm s dng tht rng hoc ng vt hoang d trong ln tri Kim sot cc li vo v li ra trn ng ngn chn sn bt trm

TH TH TB C

TH TH TB C

TH TH TB TB

TH TH TH TH

TH TH TB TB

a dng sinh hc thy sinh

Cc hp phn d n hi vng khng c tc ng tch ly ln c, nhng TSHPP s nh hng n cc qun th c trong lu vc Trung Son cng vi cc d n thy in khc xut

Thc thi tip cn sng nguyn vn

TB

TB

TH

TB

| P a g e 179

Tc ng tn d

Kh nng xy ra

Tnh cht tc ng

Vn quc gia v khu bo tn

Tng p lc khai thc ng vt hoang d lm thc n v cc mc ch s dng khc. Tng p lc khai thc g tri pho trong cc khu bo tn

Thc thi cc k hoch qun l vn quc gia Thc hin canh gc v tun tra vn quc gia Chin dch gio dc cng nhn v ngi dn a phng Kim sot cc li vo v li ra khu vc TSHPP Thc thi k hoch qun l ti nguyn vn ha Thc hin cc th tc tm kim ngu nhin Kim sot ng vo v ra khu vc TSHPP Xem trn REDP s tip tc gii quyt nhu cu v c s h tng Cc im bc xp s c xy dng ti v tr p v ni cht vi ng vo cho php thng sut giao thng Thc thi k hoch sc khe cng nhn ln tri Thc thi k hoch sc khe khu vc

TB

TH

TH

S o ln
TH TH TH TH TH

Cng

Thnh phn mi trng v x hi

Tc ng tch ly d kin

Bin php qun l hoc gim nh Thi gian Phm v

TB

Ti nguyn vn ha

Mt i cc ti nguyn vn ha trong vng

TH

TH

TH

TH

TH

Sinh k v Phc li x hi Nhu cu v ti nguyn thin nhin Nhu cu v c s h tng v dch v

Tng bun bn v vn chuyn ma ty Xem trn y (Vn quc gia v khu bo tn v a dng sinh hc trn cn) Tng nhu cu dch v trong vng p s gy ra hin tng giao thng vn ti tht c chai trn ng

C C C

TH C TH

TB TB TB

TB TH TB

TB TB TB

Sc khe

Cc tc ng v sc khe trong vng bao gm tng cc bnh truyn nhim Cc tc ng ln nng lc dch v y t

TH

TB

TB

TB

| P a g e 180

Tc ng tn d

Kh nng xy ra

7. Tham vn cng ng v cng b thng tin

Tham vn cng ng l mt thnh phn quan trng ca TSHPP v ng vai tr then cht trong vic xy dng Chng trnh ti nh c, sinh k v pht trin dn tc thiu s (RLDP) gm ba phn chnhk hoch v mt hot ng h tr: K hoch hnh ng ti nh c (RP), K hoch ci thin sinh k cng ng (CLIP) v K hoch Pht trin dn tc thiu s (EMDP) v hot ng qun l v truyn thng. Qu trnh tham vn c thit k nh mt cuc i thoi gia cc b phn chc nng ca TSHPP vi cc trng bn v h gia nh b nh hng. Mc ch l to ra s thun li trong vic di chuyn cc h ti cc khu ti nh c trong khi ci thin iu kin v cht lng cuc sng ca cc h gia nh b nh hng (CPRD, 2009).

7.1 Mc tiu Tham vn

Vic lin lc sm v lin tc gia cc h gia nh b nh hng, cc bn lin quan v cc nh pht trin d n s (DRRC, 2008a): Thng tin v gio dc cc c dn v d n; Thu c cc thng tin phn hi v d n v cc tc ng tim n ca n; Gim cc xung t lin quan n d n v gim thiu nguy c tr hon ca d n; Thit k RP p ng c th cc nhu cu v u tin ca ngi dn b nh hng; v Ti a ho cc li ch kinh t v x hi ca d n.

7.2 Phng php tham vn

Phng php tham kho kin chung bt u vi vic t chc hp y ban nhn dn x, vi cc thng tin sau y c cng b (CPRD, 2009): Tng s bn trong cc x; Tng s bn b nh hng; Tng s h b nh hng; Tnh hnh i sng hin ti v cc ngun thu nhp chnh; v Cc tc ng tim nng c lin quan n D n, c mt tch cc v tiu cc, n bn v cc h gia nh c nhn.

T t vn sau tho lun vi TSHPP v tc ng tim n v phng php tham vn cc trng bn. Sau , t t vn gp g cc h gia nh c nhn b nh hng thu c thng tin phn hi v cc la chn ti nh c, k hoch bi thng ti chnh xut v cc mi quan tm khc lin quan n d n (CPRD, 2009). Cc bo co cng b ch ra rng d n tin hnh hai vng tham vn cng ng . Trong mi vng tham vn, nhng ngi thuc din di di c phng vn v cc chn la u tin trong ti nh c (t di di, ti nh c theo x hoc bi thng ti chnh), cc tc ng v thu hi t v cc chng trnh phc hi sinh k (DRRC, 2008a). Cc vng tham vn cng ng b

| P a g e 181

sung c lp k hoch, c bit l vi nhng ngi dn lng b nh hng v cc x cho n nay cha c tham kho kin.

7.3 Cc X v cc bn b tc ng
Cc bn b tc ng sau c tch ra v phn loi nh sau (Bng 7 - 1): Mc 1 - H gia nh v t canh tc ca h b nh hng Mc 2 - H gia nh yu cu phi ti nh c xy dng ng vo Co Lng-Co Me Mc 3 - Ch t canh tc (khng phi t th c) b tc ng bi vic to h cha Mc 4 Nhng ngi dn nm h lu TSHPP

Bng 7-1: Cc bn v x b tc ng
X Mng L Lng mc 1 Nang 1 Tai Chanh Mng 2 Lng mc 2 Lng mc 3 Mau Kit Chieng Nua Cha Lan Trung L Tai Lin Co Cai Pa Bua Ta Com Ca Giang Canh Cong Hoc Xa Lao Tung Tam Chung Pom Khung Lat Can Tan Hong Trung Sn Ta Ban Xoc Quan Nhuc Xun Nh Tn Xun Pu Lau Dong Ta Lao Tay Ta Lao Thanh Sn Tan Huong Po Pao Co Me Chieng Lng mc 4

| P a g e 182

Lng mc 1

Lng mc 2 Son Thanh Nam Thanh Chieng Yen Thanh Tan

Lng mc 3

Lng mc 4

Ph Thanh

Uon

Pang En

Vn Mai

Thanh Mai Nam Dien Don

Mai Hich Mng Lt Trung Thinh

Choi Bom Buoi Phai Chieng Tang Say

Ngun: Chuyn th t CPRD, 2009

7.4 Kt qu Tham vn cng ng

7.4.1 Cc kin chung Sau y l kin chung t cc h gia nh b nh hng bi d n: Hoan nghnh v ng h vic xy dng TSHPP; Tin rng cht lng cuc sng s c ci thin vi vic b sung dch v cng ng v cc c s h tng; Mc bi thng cho thu hi t, sn phm nng nghip v tre lung l qu thp; Nh nc cn c chnh sch h tr ti chnh cho cc lng bn b nh hng, c bit l sau khi xy dng v ti nh c; C cc chnh sch mi trng nhm gim thiu mc nhim mi trng; v An ninh lng bn, phong tc vn ho v mi trng phi c gi vng.

| P a g e 183

t nng nghip v nng sut ca n l nhng mi quan tm chnh ca ngi dn a phng. t ti nh c v nng sut ca n cn phi bng hoc tt hn gi tr t b mt. Tre lung mt khong 6-7 nm n khi n c th thu hoch c, do vy, bi thng tin hoc "t-it" s rt quan trng trong vic h tr cc lng bn trong qu trnh trin khai xy dng d n v quan trng hn l sau khi xy dng xong. Cc khu ti nh c v cc khu vc b nh hng cng s nhn c h tr ti chnh v y t, gio dc v cc chng trnh dch v cng ng. An ninh v duy tr trt t bn cng l mi quan Tam Chung. S gia tng dn s nhanh, c bit l s nam gii cc x Co Me v Ching Po, c th lm tng ng k s v c bc, mi dm, trm cp, ma ty v bnh tt. Mt s bn yu cu c bo v ca nh nc trong qu trnh xy dng. Bng 7 - 2 tm tt cc vn v cc yu cu nu ra bi trng bn v ngi dn.

7.5 Cc gii php Ti nh c thay th

Cc h thuc din ti nh c c la chn cc hnh thc ti nh c sau:, hoc l chuyn n mt lng nh hoc nu kh thi, th di di n ni khc trong lng hin ti ca h. La chn th ba l t di di, theo cc h gia nh b nh hng s nhn c mt khon bi thng ti chnh v s phi chu trch nhim cho vic tm kim ch mi. La chn ti nh c thay th c la chn da trn cc yu t v a im cc thnh vin dng h, nng sut t trong lng hin ti v nhng hn ch tim nng trong khu ti nh c (DRCC, 2008a).

| P a g e 184

Bng 7-2: Tm tt nhng quan tm v ngh ca cc lng bn

X Mng L Bn Mau Kit Dn tc Mng Thi Ngun thu nhp Sn xut La, ng, sn Sn xut La, ng, sn Chn nui gia sc Cheing Na Thi Sn xut La, ng, sn Chn nui gia sc Chan Lan Trung L Ta Com CMong Sn xut la, ng, sn Sn xut la, ng, sn Lm nghip Mi quan tm chnh Mt nng sut v t nng nghip nhim sng M v cc nhnh Bi thng tng xng v cng bng theo kiu t-i-t Bi thng cho vic khai qut m m Mt thu nhp Bi thng tng xng v cng bng theo kiu t-i-t H tr tp hun v pht trin chng trnh a dng ha thu nhp Cho vay li sut thp H tr tp hun v pht trin chng trnh a dng ha thu nhp Cho vay li sut thp mua tru b Gio dc thanh nin v to vic lm Bi thng tng xng v cng bng theo kiu t-i-t Giao thng ng sng b chn Bi thng tng xng v cng bng theo kiu t-i-t Cho vay li sut thp mua tru b v d Gio dc thanh nin v to vic lm Mng Chng trnh v chnh sch h tr cho ngi ngho Cung cp cc kha tp hun v nng lm nghip Chnh sch v nhim nc Ca Rang Mng Sn xut la, ng, sn Lm nghip Chn nui Bo v an ninh lng bn B i Cc khon vay u i ngh ca lng bn Vay li sut thp mua tru b

| P a g e 185

Bn Canh Cong

Dn tc Mng

Ngun thu nhp Sn xut la, ng, sn Chn nui

Mi quan tm chnh Bo v an ninh lng bn

ngh ca lng bn Cc khon vay u i B i

Hoc

Mng

Sn xut la, ng, sn Lm nghip Nui gia cm

Bo v an ninh lng bn

B i Cc khon vay u i

Xa Lao

Mng

Sn xut la, ng, sn Lm nghip Nui gia cm

Tng c bc, ru ch v mi dm Bo v an ninh lng bn Bo v an ninh thn bn

Bi thng tng xng H tr cho vay vi li sut u i Tng cng an ninh thn bn Cng nhn xy dng c qun l t t Bi thng tha ng Cc khon vay li sut thp

Tung

Mng

Sn xut la, ng, sn Lm nghip Nui gia cm

Tam Chung

Lat

Thi

Lm nghip Sn xut ng, s n Chn nui gia sc Kinh doanh nh

Bi thng cng bng v tgn xng kiu t-i-t Tm tr ca cng nhn xy dng phi c lng bn thng qua Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn

Chng trnh gio dc thanh nin H tr tp hun v pht trin chng trnh a dng ha thu nhp Duy tr nguyn vn mi trng, phong tc vn ha v trt t x hi Cc khon vay li sut thp

Can

Mng

Sn xut ng, s n

| P a g e 186

Bn

Dn tc

Ngun thu nhp

Mi quan tm chnh Bo v an ninh lng bn

ngh ca lng bn Cc chng trnh gio dc thanh nin Khu ring bit cho cng nhn H tr ti chnh cho an ninh lng bn m bo giao thng trn sng M Thng bo trc khi n mn Cc chng trnh gio dc thanh nin H tr tp hun v pht trin chng trnh a dng ha thu nhp Cc khon vay li sut thp

Chn nui gia sc

Xung t gia dn a phng v cng nhn xy dng Tp trung ng nam gii C bc v ma ty nhim sng M

Tan Huong

Thi

Sn xut ng Chn nui tru b

Mc bi thng qu thp

Mng Lat

Bom Buoi

Thi

Sn xut ng, sn, tre, cy n qu Chn nui gia sc

Mc bi thng qu thp

Vay li sut thp Chng trnh gio dc thanh nin H tr tp hun v pht trin chng trnh a dng ha thu nhp

Trung Sn

Co Me

Thi

Sn xut ng v tre lung Chn nui gia sc

Gi v nhu cu lng thc cao Xung t gia ngi dn v cng nhn Ma ty, c bc, bnh truyn nhim v HIV

An ninh cho lng bn v ngha trang Tng cng h tr y t (nhn vin, thuc v thit b) H tr tp hun v pht trin chgn trnh a dng ha thu nhp

Tai nn giao thng nhim ngun cp nc

| P a g e 187

Bn Pao

Dn tc Thi

Ngun thu nhp Sn xut tre lung, ng v s n Chn nui gia sc

Mi quan tm chnh Bo v an ninh lng bn C bc, ma ty, ht ht, mi dm v trm cp nhim ngun cp nc Bi Xung t gia dn lng v cng nhn Ht ht, ma ty v c bc nhim sng M v ngun nc

ngh ca lng bn Vay li sut thp tng chn nui tru b Chnh sch tuyn dng thanh nin

Vo

Mng

Sn xut tre lung, ng, sn v la Chn nui gia sc

Thng bo trc lc n mn Tr tin bi thng mt ln H tr tp hun v chng trnh a dng ha thu nhp Chng trnh gio dc thanh nin Vay li sut thp

Chieng (Pao)

Thi

Sn xut ng, sn v la Chn nui tru b

Bo v an ninh lng bn Xung t gia dn lng v cng nhn nhim ngun nc Bi S lng ng cng nhn xy dng Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Tp trung ng nam gii nh bc v ma ty S lng ng cng nhn xy dng Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Tp trung ng nam gii

Khai thc mt phn rng bo tn cho thu nhp Tr tin bi thng mt ln Vay li sut thp Tch bit ni cho cng nhn An ninh lng bn Tr tin bi thng mt ln Tng mc bi thng Tp hun chn nui gia sc, trng

Thanh Sn

Tan Huong

Thi

Sn xut tre lung, ng, sn v la Chn nui tru b

Son Thanh

Thi

Sn xut tre lung

| P a g e 188

Bn

Dn tc

Ngun thu nhp

Mi quan tm chnh nh bc v ma ty

ngh ca lng bn trt v phng bnh gia sc Chng trnh gio dc thanh nin Tch bit ni cho cng nhn Tng h tr v y t (nhn vin, thuc v thit b) m bo giao thng trn sng M H tr tp hun v chng trnh a dng ha thu nhp

Nam Thanh

Thi

Sn xut tre lung Chn nui gia sc Mt s nui trng thy sn

Bo v an ninh lng bn Tp trung ng nam gii Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn

Chieng Yen

Mng

Sn xut ng, sn v tre lung Chn nui gia sc

Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Xung t gia cng nhn v dn bn C bc v nghin ma ty nhim ngun nc Bi

Chng trnh gio dc thanh nin Tch bit ni cho cng nhn An ninh lng bn Tng h tr y t (nhn vin, thuc v thit b) m bo vn ti trn sng M H tr tp hun v chng trnh a dng ha thu nhp

Thanh Tan

Mng

Trng ng, sn v tre lung Chn nui gia sc

Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Xung t gia dn lng v cng nhn nhim ngun nc Thit hi v xi mn t

Tch bit ni cho cng nhn An ninh lng bn Vay li sut thp Chng trnh tp hun v gio dc thanh nin H tr tp hun v chgn trnh a dng ha thu nhp

| P a g e 189

Bn

Dn tc

Ngun thu nhp

Mi quan tm chnh

ngh ca lng bn

Trung Thanh

Phai

Thi

Trng la, sn, ng Chn nui gia sc Lm nghip

Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Bo v an ninh lng bn C bc v nghin ma ty nhim ngun nc Bi

An ninh lng bn Tch bit ni cho cng nhn Tng h tr y t (nhn vin, thuc v thit b)

Chieng

Thi

Trng la v tre lung Tru b

C bc, mi dm, say ru, trm cp, nghin ma ty v HIV Bi v ting n nhim ngun nc Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Xung t gia ngi dn v cng nhn S lng cng nhn nam ng

Tch bit ni cho cng nhn An ninh lng bn y mnh chm sc y t v kim sot dch bnh H tr tp hun v chng trnh a dng ha thu nhp

Tang

Mng

Trng la, sn v tre lung Tru b

Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn S lng cng nhn nam gii ng Xung t gia dn lng v cng nhn nhim ngun nc

An ninh lng bn H tr tp hun v chng trnh a dng ha thu nhp

Say

Mng

Trng la v tr lung

Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Xung t gia a phng v cng

Tch bit ni ca cng nhn y mnh chm sc y t v kim

| P a g e 190

Bn

Dn tc

Ngun thu nhp nhn Tru b

Mi quan tm chnh

ngh ca lng bn sot dch bnh Bo m vn ti trn sng M Vay li sut thp

nhim ngun nc

Phu Thanh

Pang

Thi

Sn xut ng, la v tre lung Gia sc

Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Xung t gia i phng v cng nhn Tp trung ng cng nhn nam C bc v nghin ma ty nhim ngun nc

An ninh lng bn Tch bit khu cho cng nhn

En

Thi

Sn xut la, sn v ng Gia sc Lm nghip

Mt nh ca, rung vn, t ai Xung t gia a phng v cng nhn Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Nghin ma ty v c bc nhim ngun nuc Tp trung ng cng nhn nam gii Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn nhim ngun nc nhim ngun nc Bi

An ninh lng bn Tch bit ni cho cng nhn y mnh chm sc y t v kim sot dch bnh Bo m vn ti trn sng M Tch bit ni cho cng nhn Vay li sut thp Cc kha tp hun cho thanh nin An nninh lng bn Cc kha tp hun Vay li sut thp An ninh lng bn

Uon

Thi

Nng nghip Lm nghip

Van Mai

Thahn Mai

Kinh

Nng nghip

Nam

Kinh

Lm nghip

nhim ngun nc

| P a g e 191

Bn Dien

Dn tc

Ngun thu nhp

Mi quan tm chnh Tp trung ng cng nhn nam gii Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Nh gn ng nh hng bi l t

ngh ca lng bn

Xy dng trong thi gian ngn

Don

Kinh

Nng nghip Gia sc

nh hng ti giao thng vn ti Nhng nh cnh ng nh hng bi l t Tng cnh tranh v ti nguyn Xung t gia a phng v cng nhn nhim ngun nc

Giao mt phn rng non khai thc Tng mc bi thng Tp hun v cc mo trng trt v chn nui An ninh lng bn Tch bit ni cho cng nhn Vay li sut thp

Mai Hich

Choi

Kinh

Nng nghip Trng tre lung

Tng cnh tranh ti nguyn Tp trung ng cng nhn nam gii nhim ngun nc

| P a g e 192

7.6 L trnh tham vn

Cng tc tham vn hin ti ang trin khai v s tip tc trong sut qu trnh xy dng TSHPP. T t vn s tp trung vo cc x cho n nay cha lin lc c. Cc thng tin phn hi s c gn kt vo cc k hoch RP, CLIP v EMDP (DRCC, 2008a). Khi RP c ph duyt, Ti liu Thng tin D n (PIB) s c pht hnh n tt c ngi dn thuc din di di. PIB s cng b cc thng tin v: d n; bi thng v ti nh c, tc ng tim n ca d n, cc nguyn tc nh gi ti sn cc h gia nh ; qu trnh tham kho kin; th tc khiu ni v than phin; gim st v nh gi; v thng tin lin lc ca d n. RP, CLIP v EMDP s c cng b ti Ngn hng Th gii, Chnh ph Vit Nam v cc ban ngnh lin quan, Vn phng cc x b nh hng bi d n v Ban Qun l d n. Cc ti liu h tr, bao gm c cc chnh sch bi thng v ti nh c, s c pht hnh n tt c ngi dn v tr s ca cc x b nh hng bi d n (DRCC, 2008a).

| P a g e 193

8. Ti liu tham kho

Baltzer M. C, Nguyn Th o, v Shore R. G.(eds.). (2001). Nhn nhn v vn bo tn a dng sinh hc trong cc khu rng thuc T hp Vng sinh thi hc h lu Sng M Kng. WWF ng Dng/WWF Hoa K. H Ni v Washington D.C. 109 trang. K hoch Hnh ng a dng sinh hc (1994). K hoch Hnh ng a dng sinh hc ca Vit Nam. ng Ngc Cn, Endo H., v Nguyn Trng Sn, N. (2008). Danh mc cc loi th hoang d Vit Nam, H Ni, Vit Nam. Trung tm Hng dn k thut mi trng v thy vn ng dng (CAHAEE). 2008. Bo co d n thy in Trung Sn: K hoch pht quang gii phng lng h. Lp cho Ban qun l d n thy in Trung Sn. H ni, Vit Nam. Trung tm Quy hoch v Pht trin Nng thn 1 (CPRD). (2008). K hoch Hnh ng Ti nh c cho Thi cng ng dn vo v cu D n Thy in Trung Sn Bo co Tng kt. Chun b cho Ban qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn, H Ni, Vit Nam. Nguyn Kim Chi v Garcia-Lozano, TH.C (2008). D tho Bo co nh gi Mi trng v K hoch Qun l Mi trng cho D n Nh my Thy in Trung Sn, Phin bn 2. Chun b cho Ban qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn, H Ni, Vit Nam. Trung tm Nghin cu v T vn Pht trin (DRCC). (2008a). K hoch Ti nh c-Pht trin i sng v K hoch Pht trin Dn tc Thiu s D n Thy in Trung Sn. Chun b cho Ban qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn, H Ni, Vit Nam. Trung tm Nghin cu v T vn Pht trin (DRCC). (2008b). Bo co Kho st v nh gi Kinh t-X hi D n Thy in Trung Sn. Chun b cho Ban qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn, H Ni, Vit Nam. Nguyn c (2008a) nh gi Tc ng ca D n Thy in Trung Sn i vi a dng Sinh hc v Ngh c. Cc bin php gim nh xut. Tp on in lc Vit Nam, n v Qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn, H Ni: in lc Vit Nam. Nguyn c (2008b). Bo co Tng kt Kt qu Kho st v S liu Phn tch a dng sinh hc C v Ngh c. Chun b cho Ban qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn, H Ni, Vit Nam. Cc Kim Lm Sn La, 2003. K hoch u t pht trin bn Xun Nha, Tnh Sn La. Ti liu khng xut bn, bng ting Vit. i hc Xy dng H Ni, Vin Khoa hc Mi trng v K thut (IESE). (2008). Quy hoch Cu ng Qun l Mi trng Vo p Trung Sn Bo co ng dn vo p. H Ni, Vit Nam. Cng ty C phn Pht trin v u t Dch v Sc khe v Mi trng (HESDI). (2008). nh gi Tc ng Sc khe ca D n Thy in Trung Sn.

| P a g e 194

IEBR (Vin Sinh thi v Ti nguyn Sinh vt). (2006). Bn Xun Nha, Tnh Sn La. Mt cng trnh nghin cu khoa hc do tin s Trn Huy Thi qun l. Ti liu khng xut bn. Trung tm K thut H tng & Mi trng th - i hc Kin trc (ITUEC). (2008a). Qun l Thi cng v Lu tm tr Ni dung ca cc Cng trnh chnh. D tho Bo co th nht cho Giai on 3. D n Thy in Trung Sn. Trung tm K thut H tng & Mi trng th - i hc Kin trc (ITUEC). (2008b). Bo co Qun l Thi cng v Lu tm tr ca D n Thy in Trung Sn. Ly, N.H v Kaul, S.(2009). nh gi Tc ng Sc khe v K hoch Hnh ng v Sc khe Cng ng cho D n Thy in Trung Sn. Chun b cho Ban qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn, H Ni, Vit Nam. Meier, P. 2009. Phn tch kinh t - D n thy in Trung Sn. D tho bo co, thng 9/ 2009. Lp cho Ban qun l d n thy in Trung Sn. B Cng Thng (MoIT) - Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam. 2008. Th tc Vn hnh h cha D n thy in Trung Sn. Km tho Quyt nh s 5134/QD-BCT ngy 23/9/ 2008. B Cng Thng (MoIT) - Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit Nam.2005. Quyt nh ca B trng B Cng nghip v vic ph duyt K hoch tng th cc bc thy in sng M. Nguyn Th Phng (2008). Quy trnh Vn hnh H cha, D n Thy in Trung Sn. Phn 2: Thit k C bn, Quyn 7. in lc Vit Nam, Cng ty C phn T vn Xy dng in 4. Nha Trang, Vit Nam. Cng ty C phn T vn Xy dng in 4 (PECC4). (2009). Nghin cu kh thi: M hnh vnh hnh h cha, D n thy in Trung Sn. in lc Vit Nam, Ban qun l D n thy in Trung Sn. H Ni: in lc Vit Nam. Thanh Ha, Vit Nam. Cng ty C phn T vn Xy dng in 4 (PECC4).(2008a). nh gi tc ng mi trng, D n thy in Trung Sn. in lc Vit Nam, Ban qun l d n thy in Trung Sn. H ni: in lc Vit Nam. Thanh Ha, Vit Nam. Cng ty C phn T vn Xy dng in 4 (PECC4). (2008b). Bo co tm tt, D n thy in Trung Sn. in lc Vit Nam, Ban qun l d n thy in Trung Sn. H ni: in lc Vit Nam. Thanh Ha, Vit Nam. Cng ty C phn T vn Xy dng in 4 (PECC4). (2008c). Tnh ton mc l ti a c th. Bo co nghin cu kh thi. D n thy in Trung Sn. in lc Vit Nam,Nha Trang, thng 7/2008. Cng ty C phn T vn Xy dng in 4 (PECC4). (2005). Quyn 4.1: Bo co Thit k C bn chnh. D n thy in Trung Sn, Tp 2: Thit k C bn, Quyn 4. in lc Vit Nam. Thanh Ha, Vit Nam. Cc khu vc c bo v v a dng Sinh hc Trn cn (PATB). (2008). nh gi tc ng do D n thy in Trung Sn gy ra i vi cc khu vc c bo v v a dng sinh hc trn cn Bo co tng kt. Chun b cho Ban qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn, H Ni, Vit Nam.

| P a g e 195

V Qu, Nguyn C. Danh mc chim Vit Nam. Nh xut bn Nng nghip, H Ni, 119 trang (bng ting Vit). Nguyn Vn Sng, H Thu Cc, v Nguyn Quang Trng. (2005). Danh mc cc loi ng vt lng c v b st Vit Nam. Nh xut bn Nng nghip, H Ni. Nguyn Vn Sng v Trn Th L (2003). Kt qu nghin cu v ngun ti nguyn hoang d thuc Khu bo tn Thin nhin Xuan Nha, Huyn Mc Chu, Tnh Sn La. Ti liu khng xut bn. K hoch nh gi Mi trng Chin lc VI (SEA). (2009). nh gi Mi trng Chin lc ca Quy hoch Tng th Thy in trong Bi cnh Pht trin Nng lng- Bo co Tng kt. Tercia Consultants. 2009. in lc Vit Nam: Ban qun l d n thy in Trung Sn, K hoch pht trin sinh k Ti nh c. Bn tho thng 8/2009. Lp cho Ban qun l d n thy in Trung Sn. Montpellier, France. Nguyn Thn. (2005). a dng sinh hc v ti nguyn di truyn thc vt. Nh xut bn i hc Quc Gia H Ni, H Ni, 218 trang. Tordoff A. W., Timmins R.J., Smith R.J. v Mai K Vinh (2003). nh gi a dng Sinh hc Trung Trng Sn. WWF ng Dng/WWF Hoa K. H Ni v Washington D.C. Tc v Lu Th Tri (1998). ng vt rng thuc Khu bo tn Thin nhin P Hu, Tnh Thanh Ha. Bo co khng xut bn. Vin Kho c hc Vit Nam (VIA). (2008). Nghin cu cc ngun ti nguyn vn ha hu hnh trong khu vc D n Thy in Trung Sn, Tnh Thanh Ha. Hu Ni, Vit Nam. Ngn hng Th gii. (2007). Bng s liu Bo v Hp nht Giai on Khi nim. D n Pht trin Thy in Vit Nam. Bo co s: AC3056. Ngn hng Th gii. (2006). D n Pht trin Thy in Vit Nam Lu Khi nim D n. Nhm chuyn gia nng lng ti sinh khu vc ng Nam v Thi Bnh Dng..

| P a g e 196

9. Ph Lc
Bi v di ca bo co ny v nhm c gng gi cho ti liu cng ngn gn cng tt nn n khng bao gm cc ph lc. Cc c gi quan tm n thng tin c bn v cc ph biu chi tit nn lin h vi Ban qun l D n Thy in Trung Sn.

| P a g e 197