Khoa CNTT HBK H ni hunglt@it-hut.edu.

vn Y: hung_lt

Quy Trnh pht trin Game

Khoa CNTT HBK H ni hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn Y: hung_lt

Quy trnh pht trin game

S hnh thnh mt sn phm mi bt u khi ngi pht trin thit k mt khi nim cho mt tr chi. Nhng tp hp (entails) ny dng sinh ra mt bn ti liu thit k tr chi, mt m hnh hot ng ca "engine" lp trnh, nhng bn chp mn nh (screen shots), mt kch bn phc tho v mt bn d ton chi ph (a game design document, a working model of the programming engine, screen shots, an outline script and a proposed budget) in hnh mt khong hai nm hon thnh mt tr chi, Theo thng l v v in hnh, thanh ton tin bn quyn t nhng hng bn ca tr chi (game) chia ra 80% cho nh xut bn v 20% cho ngi pht trin (v ngi sng to ni dung ngi s hu bn quyn). Qu trnh pht trin tr chi thng thng bao gm mi bc, v bao gm bn ct mc bt buc (i) Khi chuyn giao ton b thit k tr chi, (ii) Phin bn alpha ca tr chi, (iii) Phin bn Bta ca tr chi, (iv) Phin bn Gold ca game Bn nguyn mu cho demo- Demo Prototype: Mt b code (v data) c th chy v chi c bnh thng v c th trnh din ng nhng g c th thy hoc cm nhn c v ci game . Bn yu cu trong tr chi ny cng c chuyn cho v cng l xut vi nhng nh xut bn

1/ Planning Stage.
Storyboard Ct truyn: c bit nh "Conti" trong ting Hn, v c bn mt tp bn tho bng giy v li phn chia nhng bc tranh km theo m t bng vn bn. Cho thy cc cnh s trng nh th no nhng m t s lc. Thng thng, d ch l bn phc ha, nhng mi th t gc camra n nhng chuyn ng ca nhn vt cng s hin ra

Khoa CNTT HBK H ni hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn Y: hung_lt

Mt mu storyboard (thng thng, phn m t vn bn s phi chi tit hn) Thit k Bn : Mt "Bn " MAP l mt cnh nn c ti vo game bt c khi no m ngi chi i vo mt vng ca tr chi. N l ni m hu ht cc kch bn, cc hot ng s din ra trn . T giai on lp k hoch, mt thit k bn khng phi l mt bn d liu 3D, kh hn, n l mt bn v 2D (vi mu) cho thy bn gm nhng g v nh th no. - Bn tnh Static Map: mt bn (nhn thy trn) khi c ti vo trong vng nh ca h thng mt ln khi ngi chi vo mt vng mi. N li trong b nh cho n khi ngi chi i ra ngoi ti mt bn khc. (Khi bn thy hin ra thng bo "Now loading"). Dung lng nh (memory footprint) ca bn tnh phi l t hn vng nh sn c ca h thng. (V d: MGG, Final Fantasy, Bio Hazard, Devil May Cry). - Bn lung Stream Map: Mt bn ln hn nhiu so vi mt mn tnh, nhng vng tri ra ngang qua nhiu bn theo mt cch lin tc. Nh vy d liu trin min chy t CD/ DVD sao cho khi ngi

Khoa CNTT HBK H ni hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn Y: hung_lt chi quay li, mn nh khng c trng ti, thay vo bn mi l ra dn dn. Mt bn lung c th ln nh khng gian lu tr c cho php bi thit b (CD/ DVD). (V d game: Crazy Taxi) Thit k nhng nhn vt chnh, Thit k Qui vt, Thit k Qui vt ng ch: Trong giai on lp k hoch: bn v ca nhng nhn vt chnh, qui vt v nhng ng ch c nhum mu (khng phi 3D). Thit k kch bn game: M t bng hnh nh v vn bn cho thy game c chi nh th no. C ch ca kch bn chnh c ch ra gip ngi c c th chi game theo hiu ca h. Thit k GUI: Thit k (h giao din ho) ca Thc n, Thanh trng thi, Life Guage Ch s s sng, Item Box, Ca s im, v.v... Ti giai on lp k hoch, n cn phi l mt bc tranh tnh. Thit k Item: Hnh nh v vic m t vn bn ca nhng Item xut hin trong tr chi. Thit k mc tiu - Puzzle Design: Hnh nh v vic m t vn bn ca mc tiu trng nh th no, n cn phi c gii quyt ra sao, ni m n c nh v, v.v..

2/ - ART and Audio

Lm m hnh & Kt cu - Modeling & Texture: Lm m hnh 3D ca nhng nhn vt v bn BG Thc t, nh x kt cu c lm sau khi lm m hnh 3D. Bn BG (+ Lighting): S lm sng c yu cu khi lm bn BG trng hin thc nhiu hn. Ci ny c lm sau khi hon thnh tt c m hnh v nh x kt cu bng vic t nhng kiu nh sng thc t khc nhau s dng nhng cng c nh 3 DS Max hay LigthWave. Hot cnh - Animation: Hin thc ha chuyn ng: Cng on thit k qua, lc ny nhn vt vn ch nh mt con ri "c xc khng hn". V nhim v "thi hn" s c trao tay cho cc lp trnh vin h "tip sc" gip nhn vt c th c ng theo mun ca ngi chi. Ty theo mc ch pht trin game, s c nhng k thut khc nhau c s dng Danh sch - List: bng ca tt c hot cnh cn c trong tr chi. Bt Chuyn ng Motion Capture. Dn dp MoCap MoCap Clean-Up: d liu hot cnh cn c lm ti tch ra khi vic bt chuyn ng, thng thng rt bn, ln xn vi nhiu s c v git. iu ny cn c dn dp, v nhim v ny thng c lm bi MoCap Studio.

Khoa CNTT HBK H ni hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn Y: hung_lt Fix-up and Positioning: bi v khng gian hn ch trong mt trng quay MoCap, s nh v (v tr) v gc quay vt ra khi yu cu, vic fix-up s c yu cu iu chnh d liu hot cnh MoCap sao cho n c th c s dng trong game trong ta vn nng thc s Key-frame Anim: y l cch lm cho hot cnh 3D th cng truyn thng. Key-framing l mt phng php ca vic sp t mt nhn vt vi mt t th nht nh v c nh li (Key- it), sp t n vi t th khc v c nh li. Phn cn li gia cc khung (frame) c sinh ra t ng bi my tnh. Chng ta s lm hu ht hot cnh ca chng ta thng qua Mo-Cap, tuy nhin, vi nhng to vt khng c dng ngi ( v d: nhng qui vt v mechas) th Mo-Cap l khng kh d. Item/Object Anim: l a s nhng item l nhng i tng khng c sinh kh, c mt cht, nh trong thi gian nhng cnh ct, m vn phi di chuyn m thanh l mt trong nhng yu t tng chng chng quan trng g my, cho ti khi m cc bn chi th game m khng c n. Ni mt cch khc, nu nh ct truyn v hnh nh l ci bnh kem th m thanh chnh l trng - th lm nn hng v ch yu ca ci bnh. BGM: m nhc nn. C 3 kiu khc nhau l: 1. Raw PCM: m thanh dng lung trc tip = tng t nh m thanh CD hay DVD 2. ADPCM: m thanh lung b p (b nn) = tng t nh MP3 nhng t l nn t hn. 3. MIDI: khun dng midi chim vng nh t nhtt. Tr phi cht lng km. N phi c s dng khi CD/ DVD c s dng cho ging ni ADPCM qua. Sound FX: Mi hiu ng m thanh khc loi tr BGM. Thng thng file . WAV hay WAV c chuyn i ti nhng khun dng khc ( Ex. m thanh Bc chn, m thanh bn sng v.v...)

3/ - Lp trnh.
ng c - Engine: Xng sng ca m (code) tr chi. Thng thng bao gm nhiu chc nng chung c th c dng lm cho nhng vic nh trt (render) lt nhng nhn vt, nhng bn trn mn nh v lm sng ng chng. Nhn vt Character: phi c th trt lt v lm sng ng nhn vt 3D, nh v chng, t hnh bng, tnh ton im va chm gia nhng nhn vt v nn cho cnh na.

Khoa CNTT HBK H ni hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn Y: hung_lt BG: phi c th trt lt v chn lc bn nn 3D. Chn lc l dn mt phn ca SCENCE GRAPH (bn BG) sao cho ch mt phn r rng ca bn c render. Physics: chng hn, phi lm g khi mt vin n t sng ri trn sn nh v nhng s ny (git) ba nhiu ln, v.v... Khi hai nhn vt ng nhau, lm sao chng cn phi phn ng li, di dng v tr v s quay. Khi mt t m t khc, lm sao chng cn phi di chuyn, v.v... (Thng thng ch tnh ton v tr v vic quay, nh mt chc nng ca thi gian). Collision (va chm) v Trigger: c 4 kiu khc nhau: Nhn vt vi Nhn vt ( cho trn nh, bt u ni, v.v...), Nhn vt vi BG (v th c th ch i n vng chuyn ng), t Nhn vt ti i tng (Oject) (nht ln nhng Item), (khi Nhn vt bc vo mt vng nht nh, n s thc y mt s kin nht nh). On Collision Reaction - Phn ng va chm: phi lm g khi mt nhn vt nh ci g (Thay i hot cnh ca anh y, v tr v s nh hng) Special FX: Bt c ting ng g t v n n hnh bng, la, nh sng phng h quang v.v... Mt s c thc hin bi Sprites v mt s bi Particles. Particles - Ht: Ht l mt cch CG m phng mt nhm ln ca nhng bi Ht nh xu m tng ci c vng i ca ring mnh v c pht ra t mt ngun. Nhng ht c dng m phng FX c bit nh khi v la. Mt v d thc s tt ca mt ht l pho thng thin. Sprite: Mt Sprit l mt kiu a gic, ch c iu n (thng thng) khng c bt k ta no trong khng gian 3D, c gii hn bi t nhin. Nhng sprit c ta trong khng gian 3D c gi l nhng Billboards. Vn bn/ hp thoi - Text/Dialog Box: T mt tr chi bn iu khin khng c mt OS, n khng bit lm sao phng to phng vn bn ngoi. Lp trnh vin phi lp trnh m v vy nhng phn vn bn vt ra ngoi nh mt sprit hay mt a gic c mt kt cu. Hp thoi cng phi c lp trnh trong ng cnh thch hp. Nhim v ny tr nn quan trng khi chng ta h tr nhiu ngn ng c bit l ngn ng Chu 2 Byte. GUI: Thc n, item box, life guage, v.v... phi m ha cng vi nhng sprit v a gic. Mt m un engine GUI phi h tr xng sng ca h thng GUI GUI Flash-like Import: vi mc ch tn nhn cng lp trnh, mi khi chng ta thc hin mt m c chp nhn ngn ng Flash, khi lm mt thc n mi hay mt cch trnh by mn nh mi th s tht l nh

Khoa CNTT HBK H ni hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn Y: hung_lt nhng (breeze). Tuy nhin, s thc thi ny lm i ln chi ph cao trong gia on u ca vic s pht trin game. N l mt my phin dch ngn ng thch hp Flash y . m thanh -Sound: lp trnh m thanh thng thng l mt nhim v n gin, v th vin c h tr tng i y v nhiu. Tuy nhin, khi chng ta mun lm mt h thng m thanh thng thng m rng, y vi khung trang Dolly (surround) hay Q-Sound (m thanh 3D), chng ta cn mt lp trnh vin m thanh chuyn dng, ngi m chng nhng lm ra cc giao din chng trnh ng dng chc nng (APIs) m cn iu tit (vn, ngt) tt c m thanh FX na ti mc y nht. B iu khin u vo - Input (Controller): Vic thiu vng OS trong mt bn iu khin tr chi cng c ngha rng my tr chi khng bit rng khi ngi chi nhn mt nt hay khng. Mi s kin trong b iu khin tr chi phi c theo di v phn chiu trn tr chi. i khi, iu ny cng bao gm vic to ra mt u vo FSM (My Trng thi Hu hn) theo di nhng phm u vo theo di lm phc hp nhng chuyn ng ( V d: p p p == Hadoken) Trong bt k trng hp no, phn ny ca lp trnh l mt trong nhng phn d dng v c th c lm bi mt lp trnh vin tp s vi nhn vin ph thch hp Qun l vng nh: Vi s lng hn ch ca vng nh trong mt my bn iu khin, (thng thng t hn 64 Mbyte) qun l vng nh phi l mt trong s nhn t (h s) n quan trng nht trong lp trnh tr chi. Thng thng thi gian, mt d n tin trin tt v trng n tng ca lc khi u, ri nhng li, bug gp phi khi chy lm cho chng trnh khong th chy c trn my tht. Qun l vng nh tt phi c nhng biu hin sau. o cu trc vng nh nh gn (khng c khng gian khng cn thit). o c nn(p) mi khi c th. o vng nh lin tc khng phn mnh. o Cc tiu/hn ch ti CD/DVD. Ngn ng Scripting: cn nhiu vn gy bn ci, nhng mt ngn ng Scripting l mt kch bn (script) n gin thng c dng xy dng mt cnh ct (cut-sence) hay mt s kin c bit trong tr chi. Kch bn phi n gin c s dng bi nhng ngi khng phi lp trnh vin, v nh vy s tit kim nhn lc lp trnh gh gm. Tuy nhin, n i hi s u t ban u ca vic to ra trnh phin dch v c php script.

Khoa CNTT HBK H ni hunglt@it-hut.edu.vn Y: hung_lt