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    Polar Coordinates 2

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    Polar coordinates use the polar coordinate system to locate points with coordinates (r, θ) where r represents the distance from the origin and θ represents the angle from the positive x-axis. To graph polar coordinates, one places the point r units from the origin at an angle of θ. Polar coordinates can be converted to rectangular coordinates using the equations x = rcosθ and y = rsinθ. Converting rectangular coordinates (x, y) to polar coordinates involves calculating the angle θ as tan−1(y/x) and the distance r as √(x2 + y2). Polar graphs can exhibit various symmetries that simplify their representation.

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    Polar Coordinates 2

    Uploaded by

    rootveshmehta
    11K views15 pages
    Polar coordinates use the polar coordinate system to locate points with coordinates (r, θ) where r represents the distance from the origin and θ represents the angle from the positive x-axis. To graph polar coordinates, one places the point r units from the origin at an angle of θ. Polar coordinates can be converted to rectangular coordinates using the equations x = rcosθ and y = rsinθ. Converting rectangular coordinates (x, y) to polar coordinates involves calculating the angle θ as tan−1(y/x) and the distance r as √(x2 + y2). Polar graphs can exhibit various symmetries that simplify their representation.

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    about polar coordinates

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    Polar coordinates use the polar coordinate system to locate points with coordinates (r, θ) where r represents the distance from the origin and θ represents the angle from the positive x-axis. To graph polar coordinates, one places the point r units from the origin at an angle of θ. Polar coordinates can be converted to rectangular coordinates using the equations x = rcosθ and y = rsinθ. Converting rectangular coordinates (x, y) to polar coordinates involves calculating the angle θ as tan−1(y/x) and the distance r as √(x2 + y2). Polar graphs can exhibit various symmetries that simplify their representation.

    Copyright:

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    11K views15 pages

    Polar Coordinates 2

    Uploaded by

    rootveshmehta
    Polar coordinates use the polar coordinate system to locate points with coordinates (r, θ) where r represents the distance from the origin and θ represents the angle from the positive x-axis. To graph polar coordinates, one places the point r units from the origin at an angle of θ. Polar coordinates can be converted to rectangular coordinates using the equations x = rcosθ and y = rsinθ. Converting rectangular coordinates (x, y) to polar coordinates involves calculating the angle θ as tan−1(y/x) and the distance r as √(x2 + y2). Polar graphs can exhibit various symmetries that simplify their representation.

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    of 15

    Polar Coordinates

    Nate Long

    Differences: Polar vs. Rectangular


    POLAR RECTANGULAR

    (0,0) is called the pole Coordinates are in form (r, )

    (0,0) is called the origin Coordinates are in form (x,y)

    How to Graph Polar Coordinates

    Given: (3, /3)

    Answer- STEP ONE


    Look at r and move that number of circles out Move 3 units out (highlighted in red)
    1 2 3

    Answer- STEP TWO


    Look at - this tells you the direction/angle of the line Place a point where the r is on that angle. In this case, the angle is /3
    1 2 3

    Answer: STEP THREE


    Draw a line from the origin through the point

    Converting Coordinates
    Remember: The hypotenuse has a length of r. The sides are x and y. By using these properties, we get that: x = rcos y=rsin tan=y/x r2=x2+y2
    3, /3 r

    y x

    CONVERT: Polar to Rectangle: (3, /3)


    x=3cos (/3) y=3sin(/3) x=3cos(60) x=3sin(60) 1.5 2.6

    New coordinates are (1.5, 2.6)

    ***x = rcos ***y=rsin tan=y/x r2=x2+y2

    CONVERT: Rectangular to Polar: (1, 1)


    Find Angle: tan= y/x tan= 1 (You could also find r by recognizing this is a 45-45-90 tan-1(1)= /4 right triangle) Find r by using the equation r2=x2+y2 r2=12+12 r= 2 New Coordinates are (2, /4)

    STEP ONE: Substitute into equation


    ***x = rcos ***r2=x2+y2

    r2+4rcos=0

    r + 4cos=0 (factor out r)


    Final Equation: r= -4cos

    ***x = rcos y=rsin tan=y/x ***r2=x2+y2

    Convert Equation to Polar: 2x+y=0


    STEP TWO: Factor out r r(2cos + sin) = 0
    graph of 2x+y=0

    ***x = rcos ***y=rsin tan=y/x r2=x2+y2

    SYMMETRY: THINGS TO REMEMBER


    When graphing, use these methods to test the symmetry of the equation
    Symmetry with line /2 Symmetry with polar axis Symmetry with pole Replace (r, ) with (-r, -) Replace (r, ) with (r, -) Replace (r, ) with (-r, )

    Graphing Equations with Symmetry


    GRAPH: r=2+3cos ANSWER: STEP ONE: Make a Table and Choose Angles. Solve the equation for r.
    0 r 5

    /6
    /4

    /3
    /2 2./3 5/6 undefined 2

    Graphing Equations with Symmetry


    GRAPH: r=2+3cos ANSWER: STEP TWO: Determine Symmetry
    0 r 5

    /6
    /4

    /3
    /2 2./3
    Since the answer is the same, we know that this graph is symmetric along the polar axis

    5/6 undefined

    Graph Answer: r=2+3cos


    0 /6 /4 /3 /2 3/2 5/3 11/6 undefined 2 2 r 5

    /3

    /6

    11/6 5/3 3/2

    We know it is symmetrical through the polar axis

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