N{µ-\n¬ \n∂p≈ BIm-i°

- mgvN \n¬ hogp-I-bp-am-Wt√m kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. `qan kqcys\ ad-

bv°p∂ AØcw kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ N{µ-\n¬ \n∂v kqcy-{K-lWw
kn.-cm-aN
- {- µ≥
ImWmw. `qan-bn¬ \n∂v \mw ImWp∂ kqcy-{K-l-W-ß-tf-°mƒ
\o≠ H∂v. Ccp≠ `qan-bpsS hrØ-Øn-\p-Np‰pw Hcp {]`m-h-e-
`qan-bn¬ \n∂p≈ BIm-i-°m-gvN-I-sf-°p-dn®v \ap-°-dn-bmw.
bhpw ImWmw. `qan-bpsS A¥-co-£-Ønse s]mSn-]-S-e-ß-fn¬
\oem-Im-iw-˛-A-Xn¬ kqcy-N-{µ≥am-cp-tSbpw \£-{X-ß-fp-tSbpw
kqcy-{]-Imiw X´n {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂-Xm-Wn-Xv.
DZ-bm-kvX-a-\w, N{µs‚ hr≤n-˛-hr-≤n-£-b-߃, cmin-N-{I-ß-
\ΩpsS `qan-bnse kqcy-{K-l-W-k-a-bØv N{µ≥ `qan-bp-
fn-eqtSbp≈ {Kl-ß-fpsS k©m-cw, {Kl-W-߃... F∂m¬
tSbpw kqcy-t‚bpw CS-bn¬ t\¿tc-J-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m.
N{µs‚ `qansb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ `mKØv Hcp KK-\-Nmcn
\ap°p IdpØ hmhp-Zn-h-k-am-sW-¶nepw N{µ-\n¬ \n∂pw
Xma-kn-°p-tºmƒ F¥m-bn-cn°pw ImWp-Ibpw A\p-`-hn-°p-
]q¿Æ-`q-ansb ImWp∂ Znh-k-amWv AXv. {Kl-W-k-a-bØv
Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv? ck-I-c-amb Hcp Nn¥-bm-Wn-Xv. Fd-Wm-Ip-
N{µs‚ \ng¬ `qan-bn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv ImWmw. hrØm-
fØv imkv{X-km-ln-Xy-]-cn-jØv Ah-X-cn-∏n® "Nm{µ-a-\p-jy≥'
Ir-Xn-bn¬ Ccp≠ A{ºbpw (ISpw \ng¬) AXn-\p-Np‰pw s]\w-
]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-tºm-gmWv Cßs\ H∂v Fgp-Xp-hm-
{_bpw (C-fw-\n-g¬) `qan-bn-eqsS k©-cn-®p-t]m-Ip∂ Ah¿Æ-
\p≈ Bi-b-ap-≠m-b-Xv.
\o-b-amb Hcp ImgvN. `mhn-bn¬ N{µ-\n-te°v Sqdn-kvd-dp-Iƒ°p
Ip≠pw Ip∂p-ap-≈-Xm-sW-¶nepw Nt{µm-]-cn-Xew ]c-∂n-cn-
t]mIm-hp∂ Hcp ÿnXn-h-cpw. AXn\v G‰hpw ]‰nb Hcp "]oIv'
°p-∂Xmbn´m-bn-cn°pw Abmƒ°p tXm∂p-I. AsXmcp tKmf-
ka-b-am-bn-cn°pw {Kl-W-Im-ew. (N-{µ-\n¬ Rm™q-ep-I-fn-√m-
ambn tXm∂p-I-bn-√. \S-°p-tºmƒ dntKm-enØv F∂ s]mSn-a-
Ø-Xp-sIm≠v Xe-s]m-°p-I-bn-√.
Æn¬ ]mZ-c-£-bpsS AS-bmfw hy‡-ambn ]Xn-™p-In-S-°pw.
Hcp K¿`nWn N{µ≥ kµ¿in-°p∂ ka-bØv AhnsS {]k-
" B_v k ‚ v ssa‚Uv s{]m^- k ¿' F∂ kn\n- a - b nse
hn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Fßn-s\-bm-bn-cn°pw {Kl-\n-e-sb-gp-Xp-I.
_mkv°‰v t_mƒ Ifn-°m-c-s\-t∏mse NmSn-®mSn \S-°mw.
tPymXnjn sam´-bn-´p-t]m-Ipw. AØcw kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ amXm-
ImcWw Kpcp-Xzm-I¿jWw hfsc Ipd-hm-Wv.
]n-Xm-°ƒ ka-b-hp-ambn \ΩpsS ASpØp Xs∂ htc-≠n-h-
AI-se-b-IsebmImiw \oe-b-√, Idp-∏mWv . ]Xn-\©p
cpw. Hcp ¢q ]d-bmw. N(-N{µ≥) F∂ A£cw AXn¬ D≠m-bn-
Znhkw \o≠ ]I-ep-Ifpw A{X-Xs∂ \o≠ cm{Xn-I-fpw. cm{Xn-
cn-°p-I-bn-√. `q(-`q-an) F∂ A£cw ]Icw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw
bn¬ tLmc-amb XWp∏pw ]I¬ D{K-amb NqSp-am-bn-cn°pw
sNøpw. in(-in-J) F∂ A£-chpw k(-k¿∏n) F∂ A£-
^ew. ]I¬k-a-bØpw \£-{X-ß-sf- Im-Wmw. \£-{X-ßfpw
chpw XΩn¬ Bdp-cm-in-I-fpsS hyXym-kw, ]c-kv]cw A£-c-
DZn-®-kvX-an-°m≥ GI-tZiw ]Xn-\-©p-Zn-hkw th≠n-h-cpw. N{µ-
߃ amdn-°n-S-°p∂ Ahÿ D≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
\n¬ Hcp Znhkw (A-®p-X-≠n¬ Hcp Id-°w.) ]q¿Øn-bmbn
N{µs‚ `qan-bv°-`n-ap-J-a-√mØ `mKØp \n∂p≈ BIm-
hcp-tºmƒ AXv Hcp amk-Øns‚ Ah-km-\-tØm-S-Sp-°p-
i-°mgvN as‰m-∂m-Wv. Ahn-sS-\n∂v `qansb Hcn-°epw ImWm≥
Ibmhpw. ASp-Ø-cm-in-bn-te-bv°p≈ kw{I-aw. amkw IW-°m-
Ign-bp-I-bn-√. N{µs‚ {]X-e-kzm-`m-hhpw AhnsS hyXy-ÿ-
°p-∂Xv kqcys‚ ÿm\-{]-Im-c-am-°¬ CXv IrXy-ambn ]men-
am-Wv.
°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. Nm{µ-h¿jw kuc-h¿j-tØ-°mƒ 11.25 Znhkw
Ipd-hm-W-t√m. Npcp-°-Øn¬ N{µ-\n¬ Hcp Ie-≠-dp-≠m-°n-
bm¬ Ie-≠-dn¬ Znh-khpw amkhpw GXm≠p Xpey-am-bn-cn-
°pw.
Idp-Ø-hm-hp-Zn-hkw N{µ-\n¬ \n∂v BIm-i-tØ-°p-t\m-
°n-bm¬ ]q¿Æ-`q-ansb ImWmw. \mw ImWp∂ N{µs‚ \men-
cn´n hen-∏-Øn¬. AXn at\m-l-c-amb Hcp ImgvN-bm-Wv. \oe-
∏-fp-¶p-tKm-f-Øn¬ ISepw Icbpw Xncn-®-dn-bmw. Ccp-]-Øn-
\mepaWn-°q¿ \nco-£n-®m¬ F√m `qJ-WvU-ßfpw Xncn-™p-
t]m-Ip-∂-Xp-Im-Wmw.˛ ¢mkv apdn-bnse t•m_v kmh-[m\w Xncn-
®m-se-∂-t]mse Idp-Ø-hmhp apX¬ N{µ≥ Hmtcm Znh-khpw
hr≤n-{]m-]n®v ]Xn-\©mw Znhkw shfp-Ø-hmhpw Ahn-Sp∂p
hr≤n £bn®v ]Xn- \ - © p- Z n- h kw Ign- b p- t ºmƒ Idp- Ø -
hmhpamIp- ∂ - X p- t ]mse ]q¿Æ- ` q- a nsb N{µ- \ n¬ \n∂p
I≠Xn\ptijw Hmtcm Znhkw hr≤n-£bw kw`-hn®v `qan-
bnse shfp-Ø-hm-hp-Zn-hkw N{µ-\n¬ \n∂p t\m°n-bm¬
`q-ansb ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ IdpØ "hmhm'bncn-°pw. Npcp-°-
Øn¬ `qan-bn¬ \n∂v N{µs\ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n XnYn-I-fp-
≈Xp t]mse N{µ-\n¬ \n∂v `qansb ASn-ÿm-\-am-°nbpw
XnYn-I-fp-≠v. \ΩpsS Idp-Ø-]-£-Ønse XnYn-Iƒ AhnsS
shfp-Ø-]-£hpw shfp-Ø-]£w Idp-Ø-]-£-hp-ambn amdp∂p
F∂p-am-{Xw.
C\n {Kl-W-k-a-bØv N{µ-\n¬ \n∂p-ff ImgvN F¥m-hp-
sa∂p t\m°mw. N{µ-{K-lW ka-bØv ˛ `qan kqcy-t‚bpw N{µ-
t‚bpw CS-bn¬ t\¿tc-J-bn¬ hcn-Ibpw `qan-bpsS \ng¬ N{µ-

7
8
 Ip´n-bpsS `mjm-hn-Im-k-Øn¬ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ hln- C°Y C\nbpw XpS- c s´
°p∂ ]¶v ]n.-a-[p-kq-Z-\≥
Pbv tkma-\m-Y≥
Ip´n-I-fpsS `mjm-hn-Im-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ AΩ-bm-tWm, C∂p Iºyq-´-dn-seØn; IY-bnXp
A—-\mtWm apJy-]¶v hln-°p-∂Xv?. AtXm c≠v t]cptam?. Xev°m-e-anßp \n¬-°s´.
s]mXpsh AΩ-bpsS ]¶mWv ]c-a-{]m-[m\yw F∂mWv Hcp Poh-tIm-i-an-Xp-h-sc-sb-Øp-hm
IW-°m-°m-dp-≈Xv. ]pXnb Kth-j-W-߃ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv -s\-{Xtbm tImSn h¿j-߃!
]nXm-hn\pw C°m-cy-Øn¬ Imcy-amb ]¶v hln-°m-\p-s≠-∂m- BZn-a-km-Kcw sXm´p-Xp-S-ßpam
Wv. bm{X-bn-se-{X-I-Y-Iƒ!
hf-cp∂ Ip´n-I-fpsS `mjm-kzm-[o-\-Øn¬ ]nXmhv hln- tImi-ß-sfm-∂n®p tN¿∂pw ]ncn™pw
°p∂ ]¶n-t\-°p-dn®v C∂v \ne-hn-ep≈ [mc-W-Iƒ°-∏p-d- XpS¿s∂{X Poh-hw-i-߃!
ØmWv Imcy-߃. sh√p-hn-fn-Isf t\¿°phm≥ th≠n
t\m¿Øv Itcm-en\ k¿∆-I-em-im-e-bnse ens\ _¿W¬ kzcq-]n® i‡n-I-sf{X!
^nK≥kpw Ah-cpsS kl-{]-h¿Ø-Icpw tN¿∂v 92 IpSpw-_- F{X-tbm-kn-≤n-Iƒ Poh-s‚-bp-≈n¬ \n
ß-tfm-sSm∏w kl-h-kn-®mWv Cu ]pXnb \nK-a-\-ß-fn-en-te- ∂p-≠m-bn-h∂p PK-Øn¬
s°-Øn-t®¿∂-Xv. ImgvNbpw tIƒhnbpw K‘hpw kv]¿ihpw
Cu IpSpw-_-ß-fn-ep≈hsc√mw c≠pt]cpw hcp-am-\-ap-≈- kzmZpw kvarXnbpw cXnbpw
h-cm-Wv. ]qhpw Xfncpw Ingßpw I\n-Ifpw
amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Xß-fpsS Ip´n-I-tfmSv F{X-am{Xw kwkm- thcpw s]mSn∏pw ]S¿∏pw
cn-°p-∂p-s≠∂v _¿W¿^n-K≥kns‚ kwLw \nco-£n-®p. GXv tZim-S-\-ßfpw IqSpw \S-\hpw
Xc-Øn-ep≈ hm°p-If- m-Wp-]t- bm-Kn-°m-dp-≈Xv? hmN-Iß
- ƒ D]- ioX-kp-jp-]vXnbpw Zo]vXnbpw a’-c˛
tbm-Kn-°p-tºmƒ GXv Xc-Øn-ep-≈-h-bmWv sXc-s™-Sp-°m-dp- thKhpw tbmK-hp-an-ßs\ Poh\n
≈-Xv.? Fß-s\bp≈ tNmZy-ß-fmWv tNmZn-°m-dp-≈-Xv. Ch- ßmhn-jvI-cn-®-sX-s¥√mw
sbms° Ah¿ dn°m¿Uv sNbvXp.
G‰hpw A[nIw sshhn-[y-]q¿W-amb hm°p-I-fpsS Ie- t]mc-Sn®pw Iq´p-tN¿∂pw hgn-amdn
hd ssIap-X-em-bp≈ ]nXm-°-fpsS Ip´n-Iƒ 3 hb- m-Ip-tºm- Zqtc°p Nn∂n-sØ-dn®pw
tg°pw Xs∂ sa®-s∏´ `mj kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bn-´p-≠m-hp-sa- Hcp Poh-s\-{Xtbm tImSn P∑-ß-fmbv
∂mWv Cu \nco-£-W-Øn¬ sXfn-bp-∂-Xv. km[m-cW KXn-bn¬ Øocp∂ Xocm-°-Y-Iƒ
amXm-hns\ At]-£n®v ]nXmhv Ipd®v kwkm-cn-°p-∂p. tNmZy- t\mhns‚,bm-\-µ-hm-bv]ns‚ , Iøns‚
߃ tNmZn°p∂Xpw Ipd-hm-Wv. CXn¬ \n∂pw Hcp Imcyw bXn-tc-Xp-an-√mØ IY-Iƒ
hy‡-am-Ip∂p. F{X-tØmfw kwkm-cn-°p∂p F∂p≈Xne√ Bcpw Ipdn-°mØ IY-Iƒ...
{][m-\-Im-cyw. F¥v ]d-bp∂p As√-¶n¬ GXv Xc-Øn¬ ]d- Bcp-a-dn-bmØ IY-Iƒ.....
bp∂p F∂-p-≈XnemWv. `qX-Im-e-Øn≥ ivaim-\-Øneo `qan
as‰mcp B›-cy-I-c-amb kwKXn I≠Xv AΩ-bpsS Iøn- t]mepw ad-∂n´ IY-Iƒ
ep≈ hm°p-I-fpsS Ie-hd F{X-tØmfw hep-Xm-sW-∂p-≈Xv IY-I-fh hnI-kn®p a¿Xy-hw-i-Ønepw
Ip´n-I-fpsS `mjmhn-Im-k-Øn¬ ]d-b-Ø° kzm[o\w sNep- imkv{X-Ønepw h∂p \n¬∏q
Øp-∂n√ F∂-Xm-Wv. CXn-s\mcp ImcWw Cu ]T-\-Øn¬ ]¶m- IY-bnßp \n¬°msX ]pXn-b-am¿§-ß-fn¬
fn-I-fmb AΩ-am-cn¬ `qcn-`m-Khpw Ip´n-I-fp-ambn kwkm-cn-°p- °qSnØp-S¿∂p t]mI-s´.
tºmƒ [mcmfw hm°p-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cp∂p F∂-Xm-Imw. Hcp
]cn[n Ign-™m¬ hm°p-I-fpsS Ie-hd h√msX Ipd-™p-t]m-
bmepw hyXymkw ImWm-\m-hpw. Cu ]T-\-Ønse A¥na Xocp-
am-\߃ ]pdØv ]d™ _¿W¬˛ ^nK≥kv ]d-bp-∂Xv ]nXm-
hns‚ `mjm-{]m-hoWyw h√msX Ipd-hm-sW-¶n¬ AXv Ip´n-I-
fpsS `mjm-hn-Im-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ hn-]-co-X-^ew sNøpw
F∂-Xm-Wv.

9
 a™ƒ- ˛ - H cp am{¥nI acp∂v
Sn.-F-kv. cho{µ≥
`£Ww tISp-h-cm-Xn-cn-°m-\pw, cpNn-°pw, ico-c-ku-µcyw
h¿≤n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn D]-tbm-Kn-®p-h-cp∂ kpK-
‘-hy-⁄-\-amWv a™ƒ. apdn-hp-W-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, hb-dp-th-Z-\-
bv°pw, c‡-ip-≤n-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xn-\pw, hnj-Zw-i-\-Øn\pw D]-tbm-
Kn-°p∂ Hcp Huj-[-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ A©m-bncw h¿jsØ
Ncn{Xw a™-fn-\p-≠v. F∂m¬ ad-hn-tcmKw apX¬ Iym≥k¿
htc-bp≈ alm-tcm-K-߃°p≈ kn≤u-j-[-ambn B[p-\nI
sshZy-imkv{Xw Is≠-Ønb Huj-[n-bmWv a™ƒ. {]Ir-Xn-
Z-Øa- mb Huj-[t- ®-cp-hI
- f- psS \n¿Ωm-Ws- ®-ehv Ipdhpw ]m¿iz-
^-e-߃ C√m-Ø-Xp-am-Wv. Nnehv Ipd™ Hcp {]Xn-tcm-[-a-cp∂v
F∂ \ne-bn¬ a™-fns\ Fßs\ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa-
∂-XmWv imkv{X-temIw At\z-jn-°p-∂-Xv.
a™-fn-e-S-ßnb {][m-\-L-S-I-߃ ssdtkm-an¬, S¿a-
tdmƒ(-kp-K-‘-ssX-ew), Ip¿°p-an≥, sdkn≥, B¬°-tembvUv
F∂n-h-bm-Wv. CXn¬ Ip¿°p-an\v _mIvSo-cn-b-I-tfbpw sshdkp-
I-tfbpw {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-s≠-∂mWv B[p-\nI ]T-
\-߃ hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. am{X-a-√, Ip¿°p-an≥ Hcp \√ B‚n
HmIv k n- U ‚pw BW- t {X. 1970- I - f n¬Øs∂ C¥y- b nse
imkv{X-⁄¿ Fen-I-fn¬ \S-Ønb ]T-\-Øn¬ sImf-kvt{Smƒ
Ipd-°m-\p≈ a™-fns‚ Ignhv Is≠-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. sSIvkmkv
bq\n-th¿kn-‰n-bnse tUm `cXv AK¿hm-fns‚ Kth-j-W-^-e-
߃ sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv a™-fn\v Im≥k¿tIm-i-ß-fpsS hf¿®
XS-bm≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂mWv. Znhkw F´v {Kmw Ip¿°p-an≥ F´v
BgvN Ign-®m¬ Im≥k¿tcm-KØn\v Imcy-amb ia\w D≠m-
Ip-∂-Xmbn At±lw Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. a‰v ]m¿iz-^-e-ß-
sfm∂pw D≠m-Ip-∂n√ F∂Xpw {it≤-b-am-Wv. Imen-t^m¿Wnb
bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-bnse hnZ-KvZ¿ Aƒjn-tagvkv tcmK-Nn-In-’-
°mbn Ip¿°p-an≥ a\p-jy-cn¬ ]co-£n-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p-
∂p. bqWn-th-gvkn‰n Hm^v Acn-tkm-W, sSIvkmkv bq\n-th-
gvkn‰n,tPcm¨kv tlm]vIn≥kv bq\n-th¿kn-‰n, \mj-W¬
bq\n-th¿kn‰n Hm^v kn¶-∏q¿ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ \S-Ønb ]T-
\-߃ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Im≥k¿, k‘n-hm-Xw, {]ta-
lw, Aƒjn-tagvkv XpSßn \nc-h[n tcmK-߃°v a™ƒ ^e-
{]-Z-am-sW-∂mWv {]mY-anI \nK-a-\-߃ kqNn∏n°p-∂Xv. apdn-
hp-W-°m-\p≈ a™-fns‚ Ignhv I≠p-]n-Sn®p F∂-h-Im-i-s∏´v
Hcp Ata-cn-°≥ Iº-\n-t\-Snb ]m‰‚ v d±v sNøm≥ \ap°v Ign-
™n-´p-≠v. a™-fns‚ cmk-L-S-\-bn¬ am‰w hcpØn Dev]∂
t]‰‚ v t\Sm-\p≈ {ia-Øn-emWv ]e Iº-\n-I-fpw. Cßs\
cmk-L-S-\-bn¬ am‰w hcpØn a™ƒ KpW-tØ-°m-tfsd
tZmjw-sN-øp-sa∂ A`n-{]m-bhpw hnZ-KvZ¿°p-≠v. F¥n-\p-ap≈
Xøm-sd-Sp-∏n-emWv IpØ-I-°-º-\n-Iƒ. Iogm¿s\-√nbpw Bcy-
th∏pw a™-fp-a-S°w \nc-h[n Huj-[n-I-sf-Ip-dn®v \q‰m-≠p-I-
fmbn \ne-\n¬°p∂ \ΩpsS Adnhv X´n-sb-SpØv kº-∂-cm-
°m≥ Btcbpw A\p-h-Zn-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-Xm-Wv.
AXp-sIm≠v Hcp \p≈v a™-sf-¶nepw Idn-If- n¬ tN¿°p∂
]Xnhv XpS-cpI Xs∂ sNøp-I. Ir{Xn-a-\n-d-ßfpw cmk-h-kvXp-
°fpw tN¿Ø a™ƒs∏mSn Huj-[-aqeyw C√m-ØXpw Btcm-
Ky-Øn\v lm\n-I-c-hp-am-Wv. Bh-iy-Øn\v a™ƒ ho´p-h-f-∏n¬
hf¿Øp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ DØ-aw. As√-¶n¬ a™ƒ hmßn s]mSn-
s®-Sp-°p-I.

10
 Hcp sXc- s ™- S p∏p a’- c - Ø n\p Xøm- d mIq
temI-Ønse G‰hpw henb P\m-[n-]Xy cmPyØv sXc-
s™-Sp∏v \S-°p-I-bmWv. imkv{X-tI-c-f-Øns‚ `qcn-]£w hmb-
\-°mcpw thm´p-sN-øm≥ A¿l-X-bp-≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°n√ F∂p
Xo¿®. F¶nepw \n߃s°√mw \√ \nco-£-I-cm-Im≥ Ign-
bpw. cmjv{So-b-]m¿´n-I-fpsS sXc-s™-Sp∏p ]{Xn-I-Iƒ tiJ-
cn-°p-Ibpw Xmc-Xayw sNøp-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv ck-I-c-amb
Imcy-am-Wv. h¿Kob ]m¿´n-Iƒ t]mepw atX-X-cXzw e£y-
ambn {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw apX-em-fnØw \S-∏m-°p-∂-h¿ t]mepw
tkmjy-enkw ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv I≠p Nncn-°m-a-t√m.
Bscm- s °- b mWv cmjv { So- b - Ø n¬ am\yX ]pe¿Øp- ∂ Xv
Bscm-s°-bmWv kz`m-h-lXy \S-Øp-∂-Xv. Bscm-s°-bmWv
ÿm\w tamln®v ]m¿´n amdp-∂-Xv, CsXms° \ap°p ck-I-c-
amb ]T-\-hn-j-b-ß-fm-°mw. a’-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bscms°
Kp≠IfmWv Bscms° Kp≠-I-fpsS klmbw tXSp-∂-h-cmWv
Bscm- s °- b mWv ]Ww hmcn Fdn- b p- ∂ - h ¿ Bscms°
GsXms° ]m¿´n-bn-te°v apºv Iqdp-am-dn-bn-´p≠v XpS-ßnb
Imcy-ßfpw \ap°v am[y-a-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw In´pw.
CXn- t \- ° m- s fms° ck- I - c - a m- b n- c n°pw {]h- N - \ - ß ƒ
F¥mbncn°pw sXc-s™-Sp-∏p-^ew F∂v G{]n¬ 1 sabv 1˛mw
Xnb-Xnbpw {]h-Nn®v Fgp-Xn-sh-°q. C¥y-bn¬ GsXms°
I£n°v F{X ko‰p hoXw In´pw Hmtcm kwÿm-\Øpw F{X-
hoXw In´pw, Bcp a{¥n-k-`-bp-≠m-°pw, Bcp-tS-sbms° klm-
b-tØmsS `cn°pw XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ AXn-ep-≠m-h-Ww.
CsXm∂pw am[y-a-ß-fn¬ \n∂v ]I¿Øn-sh-°-cp-Xv. kz¥w hne-
bn-cp-Ø-ep-≠m-I-Ww. \nß-fpsS B{K-l-{]-I-S-\-a√ {]h-N\w
F∂pw Hm¿°-Ww. C¥ysb Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ sXc-
s™-Sp∏p t]mse Hc-h-kcw thsd C√ F∂ Imcyw Hm¿°p-
I. sXc-s™-Sp-∏pw a{¥n-k`m cq]o-I-c-Whpw Ign-™m¬ \nß-
fpsS {]h-N-\-ßsf hne-bn-cp-Ø-Ww. kzbw AXp sNømw.
Iq´p-Im-cp-ambn tN¿∂pw BImw. " Fs‚ {]h-N-\-ßfpw
bmYm¿∞yhpw' F∂ Hcp skan-\m¿ ¢mkn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-
∂Xpw ck-I-c-am-Ipw. AXn\v 4˛5 ]T-\-ß-sf-¶nepw D≠m-I-
Ww. \nß-fpsS ]T-\-^-e-߃ imkv{X-tI-c-f-tØbpw Adn-
bn°q.
C¥y≥ cmjv{Sobw \Ωsf \ncm-i-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv. cmjv{Sob
kXy-k-‘-Xbpw ]m¿ey-sa‚dn acym-Z-Ifpw Ipd-bp∂p F∂Xpw
]-WØns‚ B[n-]-Xyhpw Kp≠m-bn-khpw IqSp∂p F∂Xpw
t\cm-Wv. ]t£ apºv P∑n(-sk-ao≥Zm¿, \m´p-cm-Pm-hv... Bcp-am-
Imw) ]d-bp-∂n-SØv thm´p-Ip-Øp∂ \nc-£-c-cmb Zfn-Xcpw BZn-
hm-kn-Ifpw C∂v Aßn-s\-b-√. Ah¿ DW¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.
Ah¿°p kz¥w ]m¿´n-Ifpw Ign-hp≈ t\XrXzhp-ap-≠v. AXv
P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ hf¿®-bm-Wv. \q‰m-≠p-IƒsIm-≠mWv
bqtdm∏v ]Iz-X-bp≈ P\m-[n-]-Xy-{I-a-Øn-te°v FØn-t®¿∂-
Xv. \ap°v kzmX-{¥y-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ Hcp \q‰m-≠p-sIm≠v
AXp km[n-®m¬ Xs∂ henb t\´-a-s√. cm{jo-b-Im-cy-ß-
fn¬ \Ω-sf√mw kPoh Xm¬]-cy-sa-Sp-Ømte AXp km[n-
°q.
11
Ão^≥ tlm°nwKv
Xtam-Zzm-c-ß-fpsS clkyw tXSn.
]n.-]n.sI s]mXp-hmƒ
tIm¿W¬ k¿∆- I - e m- i m- e - b n¬ aq∂p- a m- k sØ
kΩ¿tImgvkv \S-°p-∂p. Ão^≥ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p-≠v. \S∂p
t]mI-Ø-°-hn[w tImtf-Pn-\-SpØv sNdn-sbmcp hoSv hmS-
Ibv°v FSpØp Xma-kw. Gsd AI-se-b-√msX sPbv\ns‚
tImtfPv hmcm-¥y-ß-fn¬ Ahƒ H∏w tNcpw. a‰p Znh-k-ß-
fn¬ sh∏pw hnfºpw Ão^≥ X\n-®v.
`¿Øm- h ns‚ tcmK- t Ø- ° p- d n- s ®mcp t\¿°mgv N
Bs]¨Ip-´n°p e`n-°p-∂Xv B Xma-k-Øn-\n-S-bn-em-Wv. \S-
°m\pw ]nSn-°m\pw FSp-°m-\p-sams° hnj-an-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]pXp-
a-sbm-∂p-an-√. IqsS-°q-tS-bp≈ ]\nbpw izmkw ap´epw \nXy-
kw-`hw t]mse. ]t£ Npg-en-bn-fIn hoWv \neØp InS∂p
]nS-bv°p∂ Ão^≥. k¶-ev]n-°m-hp-∂-Xnepw F{Xtbm `oI-c-
ambncp∂p B ImgvN . Xmt\‰ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-Øns‚ `mcw F{X
I\-Ø-Xm-sW∂v Cu kw`hw Ahsf t_m[-h-Xn-bm-°n. Xs‚
klmbw IqSp-X¬ Bh-iy-ambn hcp∂ Zn\-ß-fm-bn-cn°pw `mhn-
bntesX∂v Ahƒ Adn-™p. ]Tn∏pw Km¿ln-I-{]-h¿Ø-\-
ßfpw `¿Xr-]c- n-Nc- W
- hpw Hcp {]bm-kh
- p-an-√msX Ahƒ H∂n®p
sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ ]Tn-®p.
amk-߃°p-tijw anbman (A-ta-cn-°b - n¬) Hcp ^nknIvkv
tIm¨^-d≥kv. Bk-a-bØv Gsd kt¥mjw \¬Ip∂ as‰m-
cp-hm¿Ø-bp-sa-Øn. Ão^\pw kplrØv tdmP¿ s]≥tdmkpw
tN¿∂p Xøm- d m- ° nb {i≤- t b- a mb Hcp {]_- ‘ -
ap≠v.Singularities and the Geometry of Space and Time . AXv
BUwkv ]pc-kvImcw t\Sn. imkv{X-cw-KØv \nkvXp-e-t\´w
ssIh-cn-°p∂ bph-Xo-bp-hm-°sf Dt±-in®v sk‚ v tPm¨kv
F∂v Iem-ebw G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb kΩm-\a- m-WX - v˛ Iu®v BUwkv
F∂ t]cv tI´n-´p-≠m-Ip-a-t√m. s\]vSyq¨ {KlsØ Is≠-
Ønbhcn¬ Hcmƒ. At±-l-Øns‚ kvac-W-bn¬ \¬I-s∏-Sp-
∂p. A¥m-cmjv{S {i≤ ]nSn®p ]‰m-\n-S-bp≈ kw`m-h-\-Iƒ
am{Xta ]pc-kvIm-c-Øn\p ]cn-K-Wn-°m-dp-≈q. hm¿Ø-b-dn™v
knbma sPbv\n-t\mSp ]d-™p. "Ão^≥ sFkIv \yq´≥ t]mb
hgnsb Gsd Db-c-Øn¬ k©-cn-°p-sa∂v Dd-∏m-bn-cn-°p∂p'.
ASpØ h¿jw Ão^\p ]n F®v Un In´n. Hcp th\-en\v
Hcp h¿jw F∂p ]d-bm-dn-t√. AXp-t]mse IjvS-Zn-\-߃°p
\jvS-]-cn-lmcambn In´nb kt¥m-j-߃ Ão^s‚ Bfl-hn-
izm-ksØ hmt\m-f-ap-b¿Ønb kµ¿`-߃.
AXn-\n-S-bn¬ Pbv\ns‚ tImfPv hnZym-`ymkw ]q¿Øn-
bm-bn. ]n F®v Un BWv ASpØ ]Sn. tkmjy¬ kb≥kn¬
Hcp hnjbw sXc-s™-SpØp Xs‚ ]cn-an-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈
]cn-]q¿W-t_m-[y-tØmsS hnNm-cn® ka-b-sØm∂pw X\n-
°Xp ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-\m-bn-√.-G-sd-°mew sIm≠v \S∂pw apS-
¥nbpw apt∂m´p t]mIp∂ coXn-bn¬ ]q¿W-am-bpw sse{_-dn-
Isf B{i-bn®p sNtø≠ Kth-j-Ww. Imw{_n-UvPn¬ AXp
\S-∏n-√. ]c-am-h[n aq∂p-h¿j-Øn-\Iw Xokokv ]q¿Øn-bm-
°-Ww. ( Singularity ÿe-Ime h{IX A\-¥-am-bn-Øo-cp∂
_nµp.-Nne {]tXyI kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ kn≥Kp-em-cn‰n \ne-
\n¬°pw F∂ {]am-W-amWv kn≥Kp-em-cn‰n Xnb-dw. {]]©w
Bcw-`n-®Xv Hcp kn≥Kp-em-cn-‰n-tbm-sS-bm-Imw.) AXp-sIm-≠ v
B hn[w \nb-{¥-W-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√mØ tIm¿W¬ k¿h-I-em-
ime Xnc-s™-Sp-Øp.
kΩm-\-ßfpw ]pc-kvIm-c-ßfpw kmº-ØnI \ne-bn¬
sNdnb Nne sa®-ß-fp-≠m-°n. AXn-\n-S-bn¬ Pbv≥ K¿`n-Wn-
bmsb∂ a\w-Ip-fn¿∏n-°p∂ hm¿Ø. ho´n-en-cp∂p sNøm-hp∂
Kth- j - W - h n- j bw Xnc- s ™- S pØ Ah- f psS {]mtbm- K nI
_p≤n°p In´nb BZy kΩm-\w. 1967 sabv 28 \v Ão^≥
]nXm-hmbn. {]Xo-£n-®-Xn-epw- c-≠mgvN t\csØ ]nd∂ I\n-
jvS-]p-{X≥. tdm_¿´v.
c≠p-amkw Ign™ Kth-j-W-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´v \S-
Ønb Ata-cn-°≥ bm{X Ign™v Xncn-s®-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ão^s‚
s^t√m-jn∏v c≠p-h¿j-tØ-°p-IqSn \o´n-s°m-SpØ hm¿Ø
kzmKXw sNbvXp. alm-kvt^m-S-\-kn-≤m-¥-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´v
Ão^≥ IqSp-X¬ ]Tn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Xe-bv°-IsØ et_m-d-´-dn-
bnepw AXy-]q¿h-ambn IS-em-knepw Kth-jWw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-
∂p. BZn-bn¬ AXoh km{µamb Hcp Xtam-K¿Ø _nµp-hn¬
\n∂mWv {]]-t©m¬]-Øn°p Imc-W-amb alm-kvt^m-S\w
D≠m-b-sX∂v Ão^≥ Xs‚ ]n F®v Un {]_-‘-Øn¬ kn≤m-
¥n-®n-cp-∂p. kn≥Kp-em-cn-‰o-kns\ (singularities) Ipdn®p ]Tn-
°m≥ s]¿tdmkv hf¿Øn-sb-SpØ kmt¶-Xn-I-kq-{X-amWv
Ão^≥ ]n≥Xp-S¿∂-Xv. (kvs]-bvkv-˛-ssSw) h{IX A¥-X-bn-
seØn s]mXp Bt]-£n-IX Xs∂ inYn-e-am-bn-Øo-cp∂ Ah-
ÿ-tb-bmWv kn≥Kp-em-cn‰n F∂p hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. alm-
kvt^m-S-\-Ønepw Xtam-Zzmc cq]o-I-c-W-Ønepw Cu Ahÿ
kwPm-X-am-Ip-∂p.
1970 HmsS Ão^≥ Xs‚ Kth-j-W-ß-fpsS A`n-tI{µw
Xtam-Zzm-cß - f- n-te°p Xncn-®p-Ig- n-™n-cp-∂p. BZn Xtam-Zzm-cß
- ƒ
(Primodial Blackholes) F∂ Bibw XnI®pw ]pXp-a-tb-dnb
H∂m-Wv. Xtam-Zzmcw F∂ k¶¬]-Øn\v c≠p \q‰m-≠p-I-fn-
tetd ]g-°-ap-≠v. hnIn-c-W-ßsf ]nSn®p \n¿Øp-∂-hn[w
A{Xbpw ISpØ Kpcp-Xzm-I¿j-W-_-e-ap≈ BImi tKmf-ap-
s≠∂v BZyw kwi-bn-®Xv 1783¬ tIw{_n-UvPnse tPm¨
ssabvX¬ F∂ tPymXn-»m-kv{X-⁄-\m-Wv. ]n∂oSv hfsc
h¿j-߃ Ign™v Chbv°v Xtam-Zzm-c-߃ F∂p t]¿ sNm√n
hnfn-°p-∂Xv 1969¬ Ata-cn-°≥ Kth-j-I-\mb tPm¨-B¿®n-
_mƒUv hoe¿ BWv.
Xtam-Zzmcw \£-{X-]-cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ Hcp {]tXyI L´sØ
{]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn®ncn-°p∂p. AXp-sIm≠v Xtam-Zzmcw Fs¥-∂-
dn-bm≥ \£-{X-]-cn-Wm-a-sØ-°p-dn-®-dn-b-Ww. ssl{U-P≥ B‰-
߃ kwtbm-Pn®v loen-b-ambn amdp∂ {]h¿Ø\w (^yq-
j≥) hgn-bmWv \£-{X-߃°v Xnf-°-ap-≠m-Ip-sa-∂-dn-bm-a-t√m.
Hmtcm \£-{Xhpw Cu coXn-bn¬ `oa-amb Af-hn¬ Du¿÷w
D’¿÷n-°p∂ Hmtcm ssl{U-P≥ t_mw_m-Ip-∂p. Cu coXn-
bn¬ C‘\w Xocpw hsc Hmtcm \£-{Xhpw Pzen-®p-sIm-≠n-
cn-°pw. \ΩpsS kqcy≥ Pzen-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn´v GXm≠v 500
tImSn-bn-tesd h¿j-am-bn. C\nbpw A{Xbpw Imew IqSn IØn-
Pz- e n- ° m- \ p≈ C‘\w AXn¬ _m°n- b p- ≠ v . C‘\w
Xo¿∂m¬ Xo AW-bpw. ]ns∂ AXn\v F¥p kw`-hn-°pw.
1928¬ kp{_-“-Wy≥ N{µtiJ¿ F∂ C¥y≥ imkv{X-⁄-
\mWv CXn\v IrXy-amb DØcw \¬In-b-Xv.
kqcy≥ 1.4 aS-ßn¬ Ipd™ ]nWvU-ap≈ \£-{X-°m-ºp-
Iƒ Pzen®p Xocptºmƒ (Im-ºn¬ am{X-amWv Pze\w \S-°p-
∂-Xv) AhnSw XWpØp Npcp-ßm≥ XpS-ßp-∂p. Cu kt¶m-N-
^-e-am-bp-≠m-Ip∂ Xm]-h¿[-\-aqew Pze\w (^yq-j≥) ]pdw
AS-cp-I-fn-te°pw hym]n-°p-Ibpw \£{Xw Hcp Nph∏p `oa-
\mbn ho¿°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]pdw ASp-°p-Iƒ {ItaW \jvS-
s∏´´v Imºv am{Xw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p. Imºv Npcp-ßp-tºmƒ
]Zm¿∞-I-W-߃ XΩn-ep≈ AIew Ipd-bp-∂p. t]mfn-bpsS
A[-h¿Æ\ \nbaw (Paul's exclusion principle) A\p-k-cn®v
H∂n-tesd CevIvt{Sm-Wp-Iƒ°v Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \ne-\n¬°m-
\m-hn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Ah hyXykvX Du¿Pm-h-ÿ-Iƒ (A-
Yhm hyXykv X Ne- \ - t h- K - ß ƒ) D≠m- I - W w. CXp- a qew
kt¶mNw Hcp ]cn-[n-°-∏pdw km[y-a-√. Cu \£-{Xm-h-ÿsb
sh≈-°p-≈≥ (white dwarf) F∂p ]d-bp-∂p.
\£-{X-°m-ºns‚ ]nWvUw 1.4 kqcy-]n-WvU-ß-fn¬ IqSp-
X-em-sW-¶n¬ AXv XpS¿∂pw Npcp-ßp-Ibpw Ce-Ivt{Sm-Wp-Ifpw
t{]mt´m-Wp-Ifpw i‡n-bmbn XΩn-en-Sn®v \yqt{Sm-Wp-I-fmbn
amdp-Ibpw sNøpw F∂v N{µ-ti-J¿ kmam\y Bt]-£n-IXm
kn≤m- ¥ - Ø ns‚ klm- b - t ØmsS ÿm]n- ® p. Ah- b mWv
\yqt{Sm¨ \£-{X-ß-fm-bn-Øo-cp-I.1.4 kqcy-`mcw F∂Xv N{µ-
ti-J¿ koa(chandrasekhar limit) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu Is≠-
Ø-en-\mWv kp{_-“-Wy≥ N{µ-ti-J-dn\v 1983¬ t\m_¬
kΩm\w e`n-®-Xv. \yqt{Sm-Wp-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ A]-h¿÷-amWv
\yqt{Sm¨ \£-{X-ß-fn¬ kt¶m-N-Øn\v ]cn-anXn krjvSn-
°p∂ apJy-_-ew.
N{µ-ti-J¿ koa-bnepw hfsc (3 Cc-´n-bn¬) IqSp-X¬
]nWvU-ap≈ \£-{X-߃ Cu ]cn-[nbpw t`Zn®p kt¶mNw
XpS-cp-sa∂v N{µ-ti-J-dns‚ ]T-\-߃ ImWn-®p. C‘-\-߃
Xtam-Zzm-c-߃ (Black holes) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂Xv Ch-sb-bm-
Wv...................
B¿®n-_mƒUv hoe¿ (J A wheeler) F∂ imkv{X-⁄-
\mWv B t]¿ ]n∂oSv \n¿t±-in-®-Xv. F∂m¬ Xs‚ Kpcp-hmb
Fkn-ZvS¨ Xs∂ FXn¿∏mbn cwKØp h∂-Xp-sIm≠v N{µ-
ti-J¿ \£-{X-]-cn-Wma Kth-jWw AhnsS sIm≠p \n¿Øn.
tPymXn-»m-kv{X-Ønse a‰p kPoh {]iv\-ß-fn-te°p Xs∂
aS-ßn.
Adnthm NndtIm?
tPmPn -Iq-´p-tΩ¬
Adn-thm- Nn-dtIm sa®w?
F{X hnNn-{X-amb tNmZyw; At√?
Adnhpw NndIpw XΩn¬ F¥v Xmc-Xayw? Imc-ap-Øns‚
Iq¿t∏mw sNº-cØn∏qhns‚ sNat∏m hepXv F∂v tNmZn°pw
t]mse
icn Xs∂. s]mXp kzm`m-h-ap-Øp-hsb am{Xta Xmc-Xayw
sNøm-\m-hq. Imc-ap-Øns‚ Iq¿∏n\pw sNº-c-Øn-∏q-hns‚ sNa-
∏n\pw XΩn¬ s]mXp-kz-`m-h-an-√. AXp t]mse Xs∂-bmWv
Adnhpw NndIpw . AXp-sIm≠v Ah XΩn¬ Xmc-Xayw sNøm-
\m-hn-√.
C∏-d-™-Xn-t\mSv \n߃ tbmPn-°p-∂p-t≠m. Ds≠-¶n¬
Xmsg c≠p-hcn IhnX Fgp-Xn-bn-´p-≠v. AsXm∂v hmbn-®p-t\m-
°q.
"Adn-hp-≠mIpw hsc-bn-\n-bm¿°pw
Nnd-Ip-≠m-ImsXbncn-°-s´.'
A¿∞w a\- n-em-bt√
F¥mWv _‘w?
AX-dn-bm≥ IhnX apgp-h≥ hmbn®v t\m°-Ww. A°nØw
ANyp-X≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS Hcp Ihn-X-bn¬ \n∂mWv Cu hcn-
12
Iƒ. "" Cubmw-]m-‰-I-tfmSv'' F∂mWv Ihn-X-bpsS t]cv. "" A°n-
Ø-Øns‚ Ip´n-°-hn-X-Iƒ F∂ Ihn-Xm-k-am-lm-c-Øn¬ Cu
IhnX Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. CsXmcp ]gb kam-lm-c-am-Wv.
F∂mepw Ct∏mgpw AXv ]pkvX-I-°-S-I-fn¬ In´pw.
"A°nØw' {]i-kvX\pw {]K-¤-\p-amb Ihn-bm-Wv. \nc-
h[n ]pc-kvIm-c-߃ e`n-®n-´p-≠v. At±-l-Øn\v Fgp-Ønepw
kwkm-c-Øn-ep-sams° Btcbpw BI¿jn-°p∂ Hcp kmXznI
`mh-ap-≠v.
\n¬°-s´, Ihn-sb-°p-dn-®-√. Ihn-X-sb-°p-dn-®mWv \Ωƒ
N¿® sNøm≥ t]mIp-∂-Xv.
Adn-hp-≠m-Ip-∂Xv hsc NndIv th≠ F∂m-Wt√m Ihn
]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXm-Is´ Cubmw-]m-‰-I-tfm-Spw. Duln®v t\m°q...,
F¥mWo hcn-I-fpsS ]›m-Øew?. XpS°w Xmsg-sIm-Sp-Øn-
cn-°p∂Xp IqSn hmbn-®p-t\m-°q.
Xobn¬®m-Sn-a-cn-°mt\m
Xo Xn∂m-sa∂v \n\-®nt´m
Xobn\v t\sc Iq´-tØmsS
]mbp∂p sNdp-]m-‰-I-sf....?
Ct∏mƒ Imcyw ]nSn-In-´n. At√?. Bfn-°-Øp∂ XobpsS
Np‰pw ]d∂v Ifn-°p∂ Cubmw-]m-‰-I-tfm-SmWv Ihn-bpsS D]-
tZ-i-߃ Xobv°v Np‰pw h´-an´v ]d-°p∂ Ah an°-t∏mgpw
Xobn¬ hoWv Nmhp-I-bm-Wt√m sNøp-∂-Xv.
F¥n-\mWv ]m‰-Iƒ XobpsS t\sc ]d-°p-∂Xv? Ihn c≠p
km[y-X-Iƒ ImWp-∂p.
H∂v: Xobn¬ NmSn-a-cn-°m-\m-hmw.
c≠v: Xn∂m-\p-≈-XmWv Xo F∂p sX‰n-≤-cn-®n-´p-am-hmw.
BZy-tØ-Xm-sW-¶n¬ AX-h-cpsS CjvSw. c≠m-a-tØ-Xm-
sW-¶ntem? Ihn°v ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv Cuiz-c-t\m-Sm-Wv. Cuiz-c-
t\m-Sp≈ B {]m¿∞\-bmWv BZyw Fgp-Xn-b-Xv.
"" Adn-hp-≠mIpw hsc-bn-\nbm¿°pw
Nnd-In-√m-sX-bn-cn-°s´''.
B¿s°-¶nepw CXn¬ hntbm-Pn-∏p-≠m-Iptam?.
hfsc \√ IhnX At√?
]t£ Hcp {]iv\-ap-≠v.
Hcp henb {]iv\w.
Cubmw ]m‰-Iƒ Cu IhnX hmbn-°p-I-bn-√.
]ns∂ BcmWv hmbn-°p-∂Xv
a\p-jy¿: Rm\pw \nß-fp-a-S-ßp∂ km[m-cW a\p-jy¿.
CsXmcp Ip´n-°-hn-X-bm-b-Xp-sIm≠v Ip´n-Iƒ Cu IhnX hmbn-
°-Ww F∂mbncn°p-a-t√m. A°nØw B{K-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Aß-
s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ip´n-Iƒ Cu Ihn-X-bn¬ \n∂v F¥p-]-Tn-°-
W-sa-∂m-bn-cn-°pw. Ihn Dt±-in-®n-´p≠mhpI. AX-dn-b-W-sa-¶n¬
I-hn-X-bnse c≠v ]Z-߃ \Ωƒ hni-I-e\w sNø-Ww.
Ip´n-Iƒ°v km[m-cW A¿∞-Øn-ep≈ Nnd-Ip-Iƒ C√,
At∏mƒ Ihn-X-bn¬ NndIv F∂ hm°n\v km[m-cW A¿∞-
Øn-ep≈ NndIv F∂m-hn√ A¿∞w. Ihn-X-bn¬ AXn\v as‰m-
c¿∞-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°mw.
AXm-bXv Cu Ihn-X-bn¬ NndIv Hcp {]Xo-I-am-Wv.
Ihn-Xbv°v `wKnbpw Bkzm-Zy-Xbpw h¿≤n-∏n-°p-Ibpw
AXp-hgn Ihn-X-bn-eqsS apt∂m´v hbv°p∂ Bi-b-߃°v
kzoIm-cyX hcp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn\v Ihn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p∂
Hcp am¿§-am-Wn-Xv.
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]d-bm-\p≈ Imcy-߃ t\cn´p ]d-bp-∂-Xn\v ]Icw {]Xo-
I-ß-fn-eqsS Ahsb Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I. ChnsS c≠v tNmZy-߃
Db-cp∂p.
Aß-s\-sb-¶n¬ NndIv F¥ns‚ {]Xo-I-am-bn-cn-°pw.
Nnd-Ins‚ D]-tbm-K-sa¥v F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-®p-sIm≠v
thWw CXns‚ DØcw tXSm≥
Nnd- I p- s ≠- ¶ n¬ ]£n- I ƒ°v ]d°mw FhnsS hsc
]d°mw
Nnd-Ip-I-fpsS tijn-b-\p-k-cn®v Fhn-sS-h-tcbpw ]d-°mw.
]n.-a-[p-kq-Z-\≥ NndIv apf-bv°mØ Hcp Ip™n-°p-cp-hn-tb-
°p-dn®v Fgp-Xnb IhnX hfsc {]kn-≤-am-Wv. B Ip™n-°p-
cp-hnbv°v Nne kz]v\-߃ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.
"" ImSn≥ aotX hb-en≥ aotX
IS-en≥ aotX ]d-°-Wtam
Ip™n-°m‰p Ifn-®p-\SvIpw
Ip∂n≥ apI-fn-en-cn-°-Wtam?
Nnd-Ip-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ CsXms° km[y-am-Ip-am-bn-cp∂p
F∂mWv Ip™n-°p-cphn hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xv.
]t£ NndIv apf-bv°m≥ {]mb-am-bn-√. AXp-sIm≠v Iq´n-
\p-≈n-en-cp∂v BImiw ImWmt\m AXn\v Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. Nnd-
Ip-≠m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ ]d-°m-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw e`n-t®-t\.?
C\n Btem-Nn-°q. NndIv F¥ns‚ {]Xo-I-am-Wv.?
DØcw hy‡w. NndIv kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-Wv.
BImiw aps´ ]d-°m-\p≈ kzmX-{¥yw. ]pXnb ImgvN-
Iƒ ImWm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw . ]pXnb Adn-hp-Iƒ tXSm-\p≈
kzmX-{¥yw.
]£n-bpsS kzmX{¥yw AXns‚ Nnd-Ip-Iƒ Xs∂. a\p-
jys‚ kzmX{¥yw Cß-s\-bmtWm?.
Cßs\ Xs∂-bm-Wv. kzmX{¥yw F∂m¬ {]mY-an-I-ambn
Ne-\-kzm-X{¥yw Xs∂, AXp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m Pbn-en¬ XS-
hn-en-Sp-∂Xv Hcp henb in£-bmbn \ap°v A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.
ae-bm-f-Ønse {]ap-J-cmb H´p-an° Ihn-Ifpw Cu {]XoIw
Cßs\ Xs∂ D]-tbm-Kn-®n-´p-≠v.
"{]mth {]mth t]mI-cp-tX...'' F∂v XpS-ßp∂ Ip´n-°-hnX
\n߃ tI´n-´pt≠m?. {]mhpw Ip´nbpw F∂mWv Cu Ihn-X-
bpsS t]cv. Fgp-Xn-bXv km£m¬ D≈q¿ Fkv ]c-ta-iz-c-ø¿.
AsX: "" DP-Pze i_vZm-≤y≥ F∂v \ncq-]-I≥ hnti-jn-
∏n® D≈q¿ Ip´n-°-hn-X-Ifpw [mcm-f-ambn Fgp-Xn-bn´p≠v. Hcp
]t£ ae-bm-f-Ønse G‰hpw {]i-kvX-amb Ip´n-°-hnX D≈q-
cns‚ "{]mhpw Ip´nbpw' BIm-\m-Wn-S.
Hcp-Ip-´nbpw {]mhpw XΩn-ep≈ kw`m-j-W-amWv Ihn-X-
bpsS D≈-S-°w.
am\Øv ]d∂v t]mIp∂ Hcp {]mhns\ Ip´n hnfn-°p-I-bm-
Wv.
"{]mth , {]mth t]mI-cp-tX...''
Ip´n {]mhn\v Nne hmKvZm-\-߃ sImSp-°p-∂p. H∂m-asØ
hmKvZm\w "" hm..... hm... Iq´n-\-I-Øm-°mw.'' F∂m-Wv. ]ns∂
]mepw ]ghpw tNmdpw Idnbpw Hs° Ip´n hmKvZm\w sNøp-
∂p.
F¥mWv {]mhns‚ adp-]Sn F∂-dn-bnt√?
"" sIm≈mw Ipt™ \n∂njvSw
X≈m≥ ]mSn-s√-∂mepw
Rm\-tßm-t´-°n-√n-t∏mƒ
 am\w t\m°nt∏mIp-∂p.''
CXn- t ‚- s b√mw A¿∞w A°n- Ø - Ø n\v sX‰v ]‰n
am\w t\m°n-t∏m-Im≥ {]mhn-\p≈ D]-I-c-W-amWv Nnd-Iv. F∂mtWm?.
Iq´n-e-S-bv°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ {]mhn\v CjvSw th\¬°m- AsX: At±-l-Øn\v ]niIv ]‰n-bn-´p-≠v. {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-
eØv \´p-®bv°pw am\w t\m°n-t∏m-Im-\m-Wv. ChnsS NndIv eq-sS-bmWv Adnhv D≠m-Ip-∂Xv F∂ hkvXpX At±lw IW-
kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ {]Xo-I-am-Ip-∂p. °n-se-Sp-Øn-´n-√. Cßs\ e`n® Adn-hns\ ap∂-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS
{]mhpw Ip´nbpw hfsc h¿j- ß ƒ°v apºv c≠mw shfn-®-Øn¬ hni-I-e\w sNøm-sa∂pw AXns‚bSn-ÿm-\-
Ãm≥tU¿Unse ae-bmf ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ ]Tn-°m-\p-≠m- Øn¬ `mhn Xocp- a m- \ - ß ƒ FSp- ° m- s a- ∂ p- a p≈ hkv X pX
bn-cp∂ Hcp Ihn-X-b-m-Wv. CtX ]mT-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Xs∂ At±lw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øn-´n-√.
as‰mcp Ihn-X-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. " hn´-b-bv°pI' F∂m-W-Xns‚ At∏mƒ GXmWv sa®w?
t]cv. Fgp-Xn-bXv _mem-a-Wn-b-Ω. Adnthm NndtIm?
_mem-a-Wn-b-Ω-tbbpw \n߃ t\csØ hmbn-®n-´p-≠m-hpw. c≠pw'' F∂m-Wp-Øcw
amXr-Xz-Øns‚ Ih-b{Xn F∂m-Wv Ah¿ hntijn∏n°-s∏-Sp- NndIv thWw AXp-]-tbm-Kn®v ]d-°-Ww. At∏mƒ ]pXnb
∂-Xv. ImgvN-Iƒ ImWpw.
Iq´n¬ InS-°p∂ Hcp ]£n-bmWv hn´-b-bv°pI F∂ Ihn- AXn-eqsS ]pXnb Adnhv D≠m-Ipw. Cu ]pXnb Adnhv
X-bnse IYm-]m{Xw' ]£n ]d-bp-∂p. D]-tbm-Kn®v Nnd-Ins\ ]pXnb Zni-bn-te°v Xncn-°Ww.
"hn´-b-bv°pI Iq´n¬ \ns∂s∂ Rm ho≠pw ]pXnb Adn-hp-Iƒ
s\m´p-hm\n¬ ]d∂v \S°s´''. XpS¿∂v ]pXnb ImgvN-Iƒ
Chn-tSbpw NndIv kzmX-{¥y-Øns‚ {]XoIw Xs∂. ]pXnb Zn\w
CsX√mw \n¬°-s´. h≈-tØm-fns‚ G‰hpw {]i-kvX-amb
c≠v hcn-Iƒ \n߃t°m¿Ω-bp-≠m-hpw. AX- ß s\ A\- ¥ - a mbn XpS¿∂v t]mIpw. Aß- \ tb
_‘pc Im©\ Iq´n-em-sW-¶nepw apt∂m´p≈ hgn Is≠-Øm-\mhq
_‘\w _‘\w Xs∂ ]mcn¬ Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Adnhv D≠m-Ip-∂Xv hsc NndIv
AS-bv°-s∏-´Xv kz¿Æ-Iq-´n-em-sW-¶n¬t]mepw _‘\w th≠ F∂v ]d-™m¬ tbmPn-°m-\m-Ip-tam?
Ft∏mgpw _‘\w Xs∂-bm-Wv. kzmX{¥yw Xs∂-bm-Wv Xo¿®-bmbpw C√.
hepXv F∂¿∞w. A°n-Ø-Øns‚ IhnX Cubmw-]m-‰-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬
ChnsS kzmX{¥yw F∂ hm°n\v shdpw Ne\ kzmX- am{Xw icn-bm-hp-Ibpw a\p-jy-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬ sX‰n-t∏m-hp-
{¥yw F∂ am{X-a√ A¿∞w. Iptd-°qSn hnim-e-amb Hc¿∞w Ibpw sNøp-∂p.
AXn-\p-≠v. Ht∂m¿Øm¬ Nnd-Is√ {]m[m-\yw. NndIv Ds≠-¶n¬
`mh-\-sb {]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw `mhn-sb-°p-dn®v Adnhv t\Sm-\p≈ hgnbpw In´pw. Nnd-In-s√-¶n¬ AYhm
kz]v\w ImWm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw kz¥w `mhn kzbw Ipcp-∏n- {]tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ kzmX--{¥y-an-s√-¶n¬ Adn-hp-≠m-bn´pw Imcy-
Sn-∏n-°m-\p≈ kzmX-{¥yw. an-√.
{]i-kvXcpw {]K-¤-cp-amb F√m Ihn-Ifpw Cßs\ kzmX- \n߃s°¥p-tXm-∂p∂p.
X-{¥ysØ hmgvØn-∏m-Sp-tºmƒ A°nØw am{X-sat¥ NndIv
th≠ F∂v ]d-bm≥?. AYhm Adn-hp-≠m-Ip-∂Xv hsc Nnd-In-
√m-Xn-cn-°s´ F∂v {]m¿∞n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS A°nØw F¥mWv
e£y-an-Sp-∂Xv?. At±lw Ip´n-Isf F¥n¬ \n∂mWv XS-bm≥
{ian-°p-∂-Xv.
Adn- h n- √ m- Ø - h ¿°v kzmX--{ ¥y- Ø n\v Ah- I m- i - a n√
F∂mtWm hnh-£.? Aßs\ kzmX{¥yw \ntj-[n®v Iq´n-e-
S-bv°-s∏-´-h¿°v FhnsS \n∂mWv Adnhv e`n-°pI? ]pkvX-
I-߃ hmbn-®m¬ am{Xw Adnhv D≠m-Iptam?. Aßs\ e`n-
®m¬ Xs∂ F√m Adnhpw e`n- ® - X n\v tijw am{Xw
{]h¿Øn®v XpSßmw F∂v hnNm-cn-®m¬ AXv km[y-am-Iptam?.
Cu tNmZy-ß-fp-tS-sb√mw DØcw C∂v \ap-°-dn-bmw.
Adnhv ]I¿∂v Xcm≥ Ign-bp∂ G‰hpw \√ Kpcp-\m-Y≥ A\p-
`hw Xt∂-bm-Wv. apdn-°p-≈n¬ AS-®n-cp∂v ]pkvX-I-߃ am{Xw
hmbn-®m¬ Adn-hp-≠m-hp-I-bn-√.
X] v sNbvXmepw Adnhv D≠m-Ip-I-bn√ F∂v am{X-a√
Ipam-c-\m-im≥ Fgp-Xn-b-Xp-t]mse
"]mc-X{¥yw am\n-Iƒ°v
arXn-tb-°mƒ `bm-\I''hpamWv

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