Industrial Revolution and Imperialism

Mrs. Kregness, World History S2 Unit 1

Unit Enduring Understandings

The motives of competition and profit often prompt people and groups to expand into new areas of opportunity. Changes in technology and exchange during the 18th and 19th centuries led to the social and economic changes around the world that are still relevant today.

Technology, transportation and communication enabled European nations to become the dominant world powers in the 19th century.
Centers of global economic and political power shift over time.

Technology and industrial advancement can alter existing social and economic systems.

Industrial Revolution

Assignment

Look closely at the word cloud pictured on the screen. Complete the chart by listing embedded words that fit the categories listed in the chart.
Social Words Economic Words Descriptive Words 5 Largest in Size

Countries/ Locations

After analyzing the information presented in the word cloud, write a sentence summarizing what you might expect the Industrial Revolution to be about.

Industrial Revolution

Definition: A time of greatly increased output of machine-made goods that drastically changed the way people lived and worked Began in ENGLAND but quickly spread through Europe and to the US

Industrial Revolution: Causes

1.

Agricultural Revolution

ENCLOSURE MOVEMENT Fenced off large farms Done to INCREASE PRODUCTION as population increased Forced small farmers to the cities Better tools (steel plow) Crop Rotation Rotation of crops to different fields each season produced HIGHER crop amounts

Industrial Revolution: Causes

2.

Scientific Revolution
Scientific

discoveries, new machines, printing press, exploration, etc. All lead to new technology

Industrial Revolution

Why England?

Large population of workers due to enclosure Abundant natural resources

Water power Coal and iron ore Rivers for inland trade Many harbors for international trade Few wars Government supported business Colonies with abundant resources

Political/Economic Stability

England 1701 & 1911

Industrial Revolution: Effects

Greater need to move goods TRANSPORTATION rapidly improved Better roadways, canals, tunnels, etc. Steam engine Steam boats Railroads Factory engines

Locomotives

Industrialization: What was it like?

Industrialization

Definition: the large-scale introduction of manufacturing and advanced technical enterprises into a country or area

Urbanization: growth of cities

Urbanization

Effects of Industrialization

GROWTH OF INDUSTRIAL CITIES Factories for efficient production Urbanization: rapid movement to cities POOR LIVING CONDITIONS Small cities became too big too fast Poor sanitary conditions Insufficient housing, education, security Air and water pollution

Living Conditions: Tenements

Slums of Urbanization

Effects of Industrialization (cont.)

POOR WORKING CONDITIONS 14 hour days, 6 days/week, poor pay Workers had to keep up with machines Child Labor

Child Labor

Poor Working Conditions

Effects of Industrialization (cont.)

Rise of middle class

Upper-middle class factory owners and merchants grew wealthy and influential in politics Lower-middle class factory foremen, skilled tradesmen, supervisors lived comfortably

Rise of class tensions

Working class begins to replace peasant class Many living in extreme poverty

Aristocracy resents upper-middle class

Being pushed out of power

Gap between classes getting larger

Workers resent middle class

Unions Develop What do they do? Negotiate on behalf of workers with employers To Get-better wages and conditions

Led To-tensions and bloodshed-factory owners tried to stop unions from forming

Assignment:

Use pages 505-509 to aid you

Write a one-page letter that captures a day in the life of a worker living in England during the Industrial Revolution. Your letter can be written from one of the following perspectives:

Middle-Class: A skilled worker/professional/businessperson/wealthy farmer that has greatly benefited from one of the following: a new industry in London; the iron-smelting centers in Birmingham or Sheffield; or the textile industries in Leeds and Manchester Lower-Class: A factory worker working in horrible conditions

YOUR LETTER MUST COMMENT ON 1) YOUR WORK, 2) YOUR LIVING CONDITIONS, AND 3) CLASS TENSIONS OPERATING DURING THIS TIME!

Global Impact of Industrialization

Global Effects of Industrialization

New global division of labor emerged industrialized v. not Industrial societies needed raw materials from distant lands Raw cotton from India and Egypt

Rubber from Brazil and the Congo

Led to IMPERIALISM

New Global Division of Labor

Latin America, SubSaharan Africa, South Asia, and Southeast Asia

Most of the profits from these cash crops went abroad; natives didnt own

Dependent on exporting cash crops products to industrialized nations (the West)

As a result these areas dont industrialize

DEPENDENCY THEORY

The dependency of these regions and nations on cash crops (and thus, the West) explains the uneven result of development:

Developed/Developing
First World/Third World Development of some areas is achieved at the expense of others

REVIEW
1.

Which of the following came first? a. The agricultural revolution b. The industrial revolution c. Urbanization

REVIEW
2.

Which of the following caused farmers to be more productive? a. They replaced their plows with steam powered tractors. b. They began rotating the crops each year so that the soil would recover and stay fertile. c. They hired many more peasants to work the land. d. They hired scientists to advise them on farming methods.

REVIEW
3

Which word means the growth of cities? a. Industrialization b. Enclosure movement c. Tenements d. Urbanization

REVIEW
4.

Which of the following was absolutely essential for the industrial revolution? a. Coal b. Horses c. The printing press d. The Catholic Church

REVIEW
5.

Name one positive effect of the industrial revolution.

6.

Name one negative effect of the industrial revolution.