Purpose of screening

The purpose of a screening programme is to apply a relatively simple, inexpensive test to a large number of people in order to identify those with risk factors for cancer or who are in its early stages. Screens are used for the types of cancers that when detected early and managed properly, can reduce deaths. Egs. Breast cancer Cervical cancer Colon cancer

Positive and negative effects of screening Positive Potential reduction in mortality

Negative Psychosocial consequences of false negative

DPP Lifestyle changes in diet and exercise reduce the risk of getting Type 2 diabetes by 58%

Traditional public health markers Longevity Chronic disease rates Infant mortality rates

Physical activity interventions Education and cognitive restructuring Problem solving local and individualized Self-monitoring

Goal setting social support

Causes of obesity Improper diet/too much food Too much alcohol Physical inactivity/too little exercise Genetics Hormonal imbalances Emotional trauma Homeostatic imbalances Cultural influences

Eating disorder a group of medical conditions that have an unhealthy focus on eating, dieting, losing or gaining weight, and body image.

Guidelines Advantages and disadvantages Adv:

Potential to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve quality of life, at least for some conditions. Improve the consistency of care Empowering patients Influencing public policy

Disad: Generalizing vs flexibility - recommendations may not be the best for everyone Influenced by the opinions and clinical experience and composition of the guideline development group. Extraneous considerations may affect efficacy of guidelines: costs, societal needs, special interest groups Can adversely affect public policy for patients. Can adversely affect professionals Can affect cost