Mr. Min 0984.197.

512
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TM TT NG PHP TING THI LAN

1. PH M ( bao gm 44 ph m -)
(chi tit nh sch hng dn)
2. NGUYN M
- Nguyn m n
Bao gm Nguyn m n ngn (Gm 9 nguyn m) v Nguyn m n di (Gm
9 nguyn m). Chi tit nh bng bn di :
Nguyn m ngn
Ch
IPA
Thi

Nguyn m di
Thai

IPA

//

/a/

//

/i/

//

/u/

//

/e/

//

//

//

//

//

//

//

//

//

/o/

Hp m ca nguyn m
Bao gm 3 nguyn m, nh bng di y :
Thai

IPA

/iu/

/ui/

/i/

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Mr. Min 0984.197.512

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Nguyn m c ngha tng ng

Bao gm 21 nguyn m nh bng bn di
Ngn
Thai

Di
IPA

Thai

IPA

/ay/

/ai/

/au/

/ao/

/a/

/ia/

/iu/

/a/

/ua/

/i/

/ui/

/u/

/u/

/eo/

/a/

/i/

/oi/

/i/

*, *,

***LU : CCH PHN BIT CC NGUYN M

*, *, ,

a) Cch s dng nguyn m * ( Nguyn m Ay mi mun)

-

Trong ting Thi Lan, ch c 20 t i vi nguyn m ay mi mun (*) to

thnh t c ngha, theo bi th bn di:

, , ,
, , ,

, , ,
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, , ,

b) Cch s dng nguyn m * ( Nguyn m Ay mi malay)
-

L nhng t trong ting Thi c pht m vn ay ngoi tr 20 t s dng nguyn

m Ay mi mun trn.
S dng khi vit t vay mn t ting
V d :

S dng khi vit t vay mn t ting Cambodia u

V d :

S dng khi vit t vay mn t ting Phn

V d :

S dng khi vit cc t vay mn t ting Pali- ting Phn C ngun t nguyn
m " , , " thnh "*" trong ting Thi
V d :

thnh , thnh , thnh ,

thnh , thnh , thnh ,

thnh

c) Cch s dng nguyn m ai

-

()

S dng khi vit cc t vay mn t ting Pali- ting Phn, c m tit pht m
vn "" v c "" lm ph m sau.
V d : thnh

, thnh , thnh , thnh ,

thnh , thnh , thnh , thnh ,

thnh , thnh
-

S dng khi vit cc t vay mn t ting Pali- ting Phn, pht m vn"" c

"" lm ph m u v lm ph m sau
+ Nu lm ph m sau
ting Thi ngi ta s b 1 t

c pht m khng trn( khng vn) th trong

""

V d : thnh

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+ Nu lm ph m sau

c pht m trn( c vn) s gi

"" li c

2 t
V d : thnh

(ch s hu) , thnh (B

ni, b ngoi)

d) Cch s dng nguyn m ai

-

S dng khi vit cc t vay mn t ting Pali- ting Phn c cc m c

lm ph m u v
thnh

()

V d :

b 1 ch

lm ph m sau

Trong ting Thi s chuyn t

thnh

thnh , thnh , thnh

, thnh , thnh
-

S dng vit cc t ph bin Thi Lan

V d : (Ai cp) (con Voi)

3. PH M CUI
- Bao gm 8 ph m cui m, n, ng, pt, t, c(k), w, j (chi tit nh sch hng dn)
- Ngoi ra cn c 5 ch ph m kp lm chc nng ph m cui l :

. Vi t hp 5 ph m kp lm chc nng ph m cui trn th s

khng c n t m ch c n ph m u tin ca t hp ph m kp ni
trn
V d :

c l Bt

c l Cop
4. CC LP CA PH M
Trong ting Thi c 3 lp ca ph m bao gm Trung, Cao, Thp
- Lp Trung : bao gm 9 ph m (chi tit nh sch hng dn)
- Lp Cao: bao gm 10 ph m (chi tit nh sch hng dn)
- Lp Thp : bao gm 23 ph m (chi tit nh sch hng dn)

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*** i vi lp ph m cao : L tt c nhng ph m (trong 44 ph m) c pht m

l thanh hi nh ting Vit nh : Kh, Ch, Th, Ph..
LU :
Trong 23 ph m thp, c 8 ph m thp c th chuyn thnh ph m cao khi thm

vo pha trc. l : , , , , , , , . Cc bin i c th nh sau:

c l Ngo (ngo ngu)

c l Ng

c l Do (do dng)

c l D

c l No (no n)

c l N

c l mo (Mo M)

c l M

c l Do (Do dc)

c l D

c l Ro (Ro Ra)

c l R

c l Lo (Lo Lin)

c l L

c l Wo (Wo wn)
-

c l W

Ngoi ra trong ting Thi ngi ta cn dng t

vi chc nng nh t trn

(chuyn t lp thp thnh lp cao. Tuy nhin vi t ch to ra 4 t c ngha

l :
(d) : ng

(d) :
(dng) : Mt cch
(dc): Mun
5. CC DU GHI THANH IU
Khc vi ting Vit, trong ting Thi
- c 4 du bao gm : Du c, Du Th, Du Tri v Du cht ta wa
(chi tit nh sch hng dn)
- C 5 thanh l : Thanh Bng, Thanh Huyn, Thanh Ln-Xung, Thanh Sc,
v Thanh Hi.
LU : Thanh ln xung pht m gn ging thanh sc. Tuy nhin, s
khc bit l Thanh ln xung s pht m ngn hi (ct hi) v thanh
sc s ko di.
-

Trong ting Thi khi pht m, cc du ghi thanh biu th mt thanh no ph

thuc vo ch ph m u thuc lp trung, lp cao hay lp thp. Ly v d :

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: thuc lp Trung, : thuc lp Cao, : thuc lp Thp. Cch c nh bng

di y :

Lp
Trung
Lp Cao
Lp Thp

Thanh
Bng
Ca

Ma

Thanh
Huyn
C

Thanh ln- Thanh sc

xung
Ca^
C

Thanh Hi

Kh

Kha^

Ma^

C
Kh

p dng vo bng trn :

- Ch c duy nht ph m u l lp trung : i c vi tt c cc du trong ting
Thi
- Lp cao : khi i vi du c v du Th s pht m tng t ging quy tc ca ph
m trung ( pht m ra thanh huyn v thanh ln-xung). Tuy nhin, nu khng c
du th s pht m thnh thanh hi ( tng t nh cch pht m ca ph m trung
khi i vi du cht ta wa).
- Lp Thp : Khi khng i vi du s pht m tng t lp trung l thanh bng, tuy
nhin :
+ Nu i vi du c th s chuyn sang pht m thnh thanh ln-xung (tng t
vi lp trung khi i vi du th) .
+ Nu i vi du th th s chuyn sang pht m thnh thanh sc (tng t vi
lp trung khi i vi du tri).
6. CC THANH KHNG BIU TH BNG DU GHI THANH
Ngoi cc quy tc pht m nh mc 5, trong ting Thi cn c cc thanh khng
biu th bng du ghi thanh c th trong cc trng hp nh sau :
a) Ph m u + nguyn m ngn
Trng hp Ph m u l lp Trung hay lp Cao pht m nh
thanh Nng ca ting Vit
V d :
c l k (c)

c l ch
Trng hp Ph m u l lp Thp pht m nh thanh sc ca
ting Vit (nhng ngn hi) hay l thanh Ln-xung trong ting Thi.
V d :
c l N

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c l Kh
b) Nguyn m di + ph m cui l P, T, C(K)
*** Ph m cui l : Ph - Ti Chn.
Trng hp l lp Trung hay lp Cao Pht m thnh thanh nng
V d :
c l Ct

c l Hp
Trng hp l lp Thp pht m nh thanh sc ca ting Vit (nhng
ngn hi) hay l thanh Ln-xung trong ting Thi
V d :
c l Mc

c l Lc
c) Nguyn m ngn + ph m cui l P, T, C(K) - (Ph - Ti Chn.)
Trng hp l lp Trung hay lp Cao Pht m thnh thanh nng
V d :
c l Tc

c l Cht
Trng hp l lp Thp pht m nh thanh sc ca ting Vit (nhng
ngn hi) hay l thanh Ln-xung trong ting Thi
V d :
c l Wt

c l Thc
7. MT S CCH GHI ( BIN I) C BIT CA NGUYN M
a) i vi nguyn m ngn (nguyn m ) trong trng hp khng c ph m
sau, s c vit bnh thng. Tuy nhin nu c ph m sau th ngi ta s dng
( Mi hn a kt) thay cho nguyn m ()
V d :
Khi khng c ph m cui

Khi c ph m cui

c l T

c l Tc

c l C

c l Cp

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c l N

b) i vi cc nguyn m ngn l ,

c l Nc

, (hoc ). trong trng hp

khng c ph m sau, s c vit bnh thng. Tuy nhin nu c ph m sau th

ngi ta s b Nguyn m () pha sau m thm Mi T Kh pha trn
u ca Ph m u.

V d:
Khi khng c ph m cui

Khng vit m vit l

c l P

c l Kh

hoc

Khi c ph m cui
Khng vit m vit l
Khng

c l

Phl

c l Pn

c l

Khng vit hoc m vit l

c l PhLoi

c) i vi t
-

Trng hp Ph m +

(khng c nguyn m + ph m sau) gi chc

nng nh vn On
V d :
c l Khon

c l Con
-

Trng hp Ph m +

(khng c nguyn m + ph m sau) gi chc

nng nh vn n
V d :
c l xn

c l Bn
-

Trng hp Ph m + + ph m sau (khng c nguyn m) gi chc

nng nh vn
V d :
c l Cm

c l Phc
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d) i vi Nguyn m ngn () trong trng hp khng c ph m sau, s

c vit bnh thng. Tuy nhin nu c ph m sau th ngi ta s b ht
ch gi Ph m u + ph m sau nhng ta ngm hiu c nguyn m

V d :
Khi khng c ph m cui

c l T

c l Kh

c l Ch

Khi c ph m cui
vit l
vit l
vit l

c l Tn

c l Khn

c l Chn

e) i vi nguyn m di trong trng hp khng c ph m sau th ngi ta s

thm vo pha sau . Tuy nhin nu c ph m sau th s c vit bnh thng
V d :
Khi khng c ph m cui

c l M

c l Ch

Khi c ph m cui
vit l
vit l

c l Mt

c l Cht

f) i vi nguyn m trong trng hp khng c ph m sau, s c vit bnh

thng. Tuy nhin nu c ph m sau th ngi ta s b v thm trn u
ph m u.
V d :
Khi khng c ph m cui

Khi c ph m cui

c l C

vit l

c l Cn

c l M

vit l

c l M

TRNG HP C BIT :
Khi ph m cui y l th ngi ta s b lun nh cc trng hp thng
thng khc.
V d :
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Khi c ph m cui

Khi khng c ph m cui

c l Kh

vit l

c l Khi

c l Th

vit l

c l Thi

g) i vi nguyn m trong trng hp khng c ph m sau, s c vit bnh

thng. Tuy nhin nu c ph m sau th ngi ta s b
V d :
Khi khng c ph m cui

c l Cua

c l Khua

Khi c ph m cui
vit l
vit l

8. PH M KP
C 3 ch ng sau to nn ph m kp l ,
-

i vi trng hp ,

c l Cun

c l Khun

ng sau th s c c lt nhanh (m gi) t (r)

hay (l)
-

i vi trng hp th ch i vi 3 ph m to thnh ph m kp. C th

nh sau :
+ i vi c pht m nh t Qu. V d : c l Qu
+ i vi , hay

c pht m nh t Kho. V d : c l Khoa.

Trong ting Thi c tng cng 15 kp. Chi tit nh bng bn di : (nhng
nh + l nhng ph m ghp vi nhau thnh ph m kp to t c ngha)

.
Sau

Trc

(p)
(Ph)
(Ph)
(t)
(C/k)
(kh)

(r)

(l)

(w)

+
+

+
+

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9. MT S HIN TNG GHP CA PH M

a) Hin tng 1 : c 1 s trng hp cc t ghp khi i vi nhau, mc d ch vit
khng th hin nguyn m () tuy nhin chng ta phi ngm hiu gia 2 t
ca ph m ghp c nguyn m khi c.
V d :
c l Kh mn

c l Kh nm
c l Ph rng
c l C nc
c l Ch mc
2 ph m gch chn ngi ta gi l t ghp.

Trong ting Thi c tng cng 32 t ghp. Chi tit nh bng bn di : (nhng
nh + l nhng t c th to t c ngha)
u

Sau

+
+

+
+

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+
+

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b) Hin tng 2 : Nhng ph m l

khi ghp vi ph m th t s

khng c n
V d :
khng c l Ch Ring m c l Ching

khng c l X rum m c l Xum

c) Hin tng 3 : ph m v khi ghp vi nhau s c pht m thnh
V d :

khng c l Th rai m c l Xai

khng c l Th rung m c l Xung

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