1

Oopuynu sa puuauuka
Onnc Osnaxa Ennnnn mopuyna
Maca m [kg]
3apsynane a

2
m
s
(
(

Cnna
F

2
kg m
[N]=
s
(
(

F m a =
Ipannrannona cnna (naony)
G

[N] G m = g
uopmynn sa xopnsonranno nnxene
Bxynna xopnsonranna cnna es rpnene
Fx
F

[N]
1 2 Fx x x
F F F =

1x
F - x-xomnonenr naecno
2x
F - x-xomnonenr naneno
Koe]nnnenr na rpnene

--
Cnna na npnrncox (naony, onocno
nopmanno co xopnsonrannoro nnxene)
p
F

[N]
p Fy
F G F =

Fy
F

e snpor na cnre pyrn

neprnxannn cnnn mepenn narope
Tpnene (xopnson1anna cnna)
tr
F

[N]
tr tr p
F F =
Ipannrannono rpnene xop. cnna
(xora nema pyrn neprnxannn cnnn)
tr
F

[N]
p
F G m = = g
tr tr tr
F G m a = =
Koe]nnnenr na rpannrannono rpnene
tr
--
tr
tr
a
=
g
Bxynna xopnsonranna cnna
F

[N]
F tr
F F F =
npn
F
F sapsynauxn
F tr
F F F = + npn
F
F saanynauxn
Kaxo n cnennre ]opmynn o rope npn 1- nmensnonanno nnxene: r s A = A

Har s

[m] nnn [km]

2
2
o o
a
s s v t t = + +
Fpsnna v
m
s
(
(

nnn
km
h
(
(

o
v v at = +
Tanrennnjanna psnna v

m
s
(
(

nnn
km
h
(
(

v R = e 2 nR = t
Henrpnneranno sapsynane
(cexoram nacouena xon nen1apo1
na xpyro1)
a

2
m
s
(
(

2
v
a
R
=
2
R = e
2
3.0 Onm1o sa nnaene npn cnnn
Bo cnre cnyuan na nnxenero, cnnnre ce noenynaar no cnnnre no ncrnor npanen na
nnxenero n cnnn xon ce nopmannn na nnxenero.
- O cnnn no ncrnor npanen na nnxenero ce npecmeryna cuepo1 na enynane n
F
F : nxynna1a cnna1a es 1pnene xoja e cexoram nosn1nnna npenoc1
- o nopuannn1e cnnn ce opeyna cnna1a na 1pnene
tr
F
o Cnnara na 1pnene enyna saoaevea:ru, r.e. no cnpornnnara nacoxa o nnxenero.
o oxonxy cncremor e no nnxene, roram cnnara na rpnene
tr
F onna snax oparen
o nacoxara na nnxenero.
o oxonxy cnc1euo1 e no unpynane xora nounyna a enyna cnna1a
F
F , cnnara na
rpnene
tr
F ce oseme o
F
F sa a ce one nxynnara cnna F :
F tr
F F F = .
o Bxynnara cnna F moxe a ne nerarnnna, r.e. rpnenero a ne noronema o nonnxnnre
cnnn. Toram, raa enyna camo xaxo saanynane no cnyuajor xora renoro nexe ce nnxn,
onocno xora roa nma nouerna psnna. oxonxy renoro nema nouerna psnna, onaa
nerarnnna cnna ne enyna, onocno o rpnene renoro ne 'rprnyna' no oparen cmep , ryxy
renoro enocranno nema a ce nnxn!
Hpnuep: Hexa e aeno reno co maca 12[ ] m kg = , a na nea ejcrnyna cnna naecno
1
14,2[ ] F N = .
Tyxa nnxenero e xopnsonranno. Cnnara
1
F e no cmepor na nnxenero n ce xopncrn sa
opeynane na
F
F , a rpannrannona cnna G m = g e nopmanna na nnxenero raxa a raa ce
xopncrn sa opeynanero na cnnara na rpnene
tr
F
3aenemxa: Bo onoj npnmep, sa pemanane na cncremor ]ann oarna nn]opmannja xaxo na
npnmep xoe]nnnenror na rpnene nnn pyra nn]opmannja nnn 3.2.
3aenemxn:
3a a ce namann osnauynanero, npn xopnsonranno nnxene nonexe narn nnmyname:
- sa nxynnara xopnsonranna cnna es rpnene camo
F
F , a mncnnmne:
F Fx
F F = .
- sa nxynnara xopnsonranna cnna camo F , a mncnnmne:
x
F F = .
3a neprnxannn cnnn, npannnno nnmnme:
Fy
F n
y
F .
3a cnnnre npn xoco nnxene no npanenor , npannnno nnmnme:
F
F

n F

.
3a nomnnar nar, nesanncno ann nnxenero e xopnsonranno no x, neprnxanno no v nnn xoco no
, xe ja xopncrnme npomennnnara s , r.e. [m] s s = nnn [km] s s = .
m
1
F
G cnnn nopmanno
na nnxenero
cnnn no cmepor
na nnxenero
3
Xopusou1anuo pnuxene
3.1. Xopnson1annn cnnn es 1pnene
Io nmame cnennor cnyuaj:
Cnnnre
1
F n
2
F nmaar camo xopnsonrannn xomnonenrn , a no onoj cnyuaj rpnenero ce sanemapyna.
Fnejxn nema rpnene: 0
tr
F = ,
F tr F
F F F F = = onocno
F
F F =
Jacno e no onoj cnyuaj exa cmepor na nnxenero e no cmepor na noronemara cnna. Meryroa, noroa xora
cnnnre ce xocn, roa nema a ne raxa jacno.
3aroa openme "nosnrnnen cmep" na
Fx
F

a ne nosn1nnen , r.e. naecno.

- Fnejxn
1
F e naecno, raa ce seme co '+', a
- Fnejxn
2
F e naneno, raa ce seme co ' ' snax , onocno
- ycmepenara cnna na nnxenero e:
1 2 Fx
F F F =

.
oxonxy
-
Fx
F

nma nosn1nnna npenoc1, cncremor ce nnan naecno, a onxy

-
Fx
F

nma nera1nnna npenoc1, cncremor ce nnan naneno, a

- nosnrnnnara cnna no cmepor na nnxenero e | |
F Fx
F F =

.
3naun, npn xopnsonranno nnxene es rpnene, norpennre ]opmynn ce:
1 2 Fx
F F F =

,
| |
F Fx
F F =

n
F
F F =
Hpnuepn:
1. Hexa e aeno reno co maca 10[ ] m kg = , a na nea ejcrnyna cnna naecno
1
23[ ] F N = n cnna
naneno
2
15[ ] F N = . a ce npecmera nxynnara cnna n sapsynanero na cncremor, axo rpnenero
ce sanemapyna.
Pemenne: Horpennre ]opmynnre ce:
1 2 Fx
F F F =

, | |
F Fx
F F =

n F m a = .
Co cnre ennnnn nmame:
23[ ] 15[ ] 8[ ]
Fx
F N N N = =

Fnejxn 8 0
Fx
F = >

, cneyna exa nnxenero na cncremor e naecno.

Cera paornme co | | |8| 8
F Fx
F F F = = = =

n namnreme exa nnxenero e naecno.

2
2
8[ ] 10[ ]
10[ ] 8[ ]
0,8[ ]
F ma
N kg a
kg a kg m s
a m s

=
=
=
=
Oronop: 8[ ] F N = n
2
0,8[ ]
m
a
s
= , a cncremor ce nnxn naecno.
2
F
m
1
F
2
F
m
1
F
4
2. Hexa e aeno reno co maca 15[ ] m kg = , a na nea ejcrnyna cnna naecno
1
17[ ] F N = n cnna
na neno
2
35[ ] F N = . a ce npecmera nxynnara cnna n sapsynane, axo rpnenero ce sanemapyna.
Pemenne: Horpennre ]opmynnre ce:
1 2 Fx
F F F =

, | |
F Fx
F F =

n F m a = .
17 35 18[ ]
Fx
F N = =

Fnejxn 18 0
Fx
F = <

, cneyna exa nnxenero na cncremor ce nnxn naneno.

Cera paornme co | | | 18| 18
F Fx
F F F = = = =

n namnreme exa nnxenero e naneno.

18 15
15 18
1,2
F ma
a
a
a
=
=
=
=
Oronop: 18[ ] F N = n
2
1,2[ ]
m
a
s
= , a cncremor ce nnxn naneno.
2
F
m
1
F
5
3.2. Xopnson1annn cnnn co 1pnene
Io nmame cnennor cnyuaj:
Cnnnre
1
F n
2
F nmaar camo xopnsonrannn xomnonenrn, a sa rpnenero aen e xoe]nnnenr .
Hcro xaxo no 3.1, nxynna1a cnna es 1pnene e:
1 2 Fx
F F F =

, a oxonxy
Fx
F

nma nosnrnnna
npenocr, cncremor ce nnxn naecno, a onxy e nerarnnna naneno, a nxynnara nosnrnnna cnna es
rpnene no cmepor na nnxenero e: | |
F Fx
F F =

.
Cuna ua npu1ucok -
P
F u cuna ua 1puene -
tr
F
3a a ce npecmera 1pnene1o, rpea a ce opeynaar cnnn1e nopuanno na nnaene1o.
Tyxa, nnxenero e xopnsonranno.
- 3naun, rpea a rn openme nep1nxannn1e cnnn, onocno nxynnnor "npn1ncox".
Bxynnnor npn1ncox
p
F e nsuepena naony n e pasnnxara
p Fy
F G F =

nomery rpannrannonara cnna
G (naony) n pyrn neprnxannn cnnn
Fy
F

xon ce nsmepenn no nosnrnnen v (narope).

Tyxa, nejxn cnnnre
1
F n
2
F ce xopnsonrannn (a ne xocn), nema pyrn neprnxannn cnnn ocnen
rpannrannja, r.e.
p
F G = . O onmrnre ]opmynn nmame:
tr p
F F = .
- 3naun, no onoj cnyuaj:
tr p
F F G = = .
a ce norcernme (nnn 3.0), exa cnnara na rpnene cexoram ejcrnyna no opa1en cuep o nnxenero
na cncremor, a oxonxy cncremor e no mnpynane xora ejcryna xopnsonranna cnna
Fx
F , raa ce osema
o ncrara, r.e.
F tr Fx tr
F F F F F = =

3naun, npn xopnsonrannn cnnn n cmerajxn ro rpnenero, norpennre ]opmynn ce:

tr
F G =
n
F tr
F F F =
(cncremor e no mnpynane npn ejcrnoro na
F
F )
xaxo n
1 2 Fx
F F F =

,
F Fx
F F =

n F m a = .
3naun, peocneo na paorara e cnena:
1) Hpecmerynane na ycmepenara cnna:
1 2 Fx
F F F =

2) Opeynane na cmepor na nnxenero n semane:

F Fx
F F =

.
3) Opeynane na G , na na
tr
F G =
4) Hpecmerynane na roneunna1a na nxynnara xopnsonranna cnna
F tr
F F F =
5) Opeynane na pyrn nennunnn no norpea.
2
F
m
1
F
G
6
Hpnuepn:
3. Hexa e aeno reno co maca 10[ ] m kg = , a na nea ejcrnyna cnna naecno
1
23[ ] F N = , cnna
naneno
2
15[ ] F N = , a xoe]nnnenror na rpnene e: 0,05 = . a ce npecmera nxynnara
xopnsonranna cnna n sapsynanero.
Pemenne: Horpennre ]opmynnre ce:
1 2 Fx
F F F =

,
tr
F G = ,
x Fx tr
F F F =

n F m a = .
Cnre ennnnn ce cxnan.
1) 23 15 8[ ]
Fx
F N = =

2) Fnejxn 8 0
Fx
F = >

, nnxenero na cncremor ce nnxn naecno n |8| 8

F Fx
F F = = =

.
3) 10 9,8 98[ ] G m N = = = g , 0,05 98 4,9[ ]
tr
F G N = = =
4) 8 4,9 3,1[ ]
F tr
F F F N = = =
5) 3apsynane:
2
3,1 10
10 3,1
3,1
10
0,31[ ]
a
a
a
m
a
s
=
=
=
=
Oronop: 3,1[ ] F N = ,
2
0,31[ ]
m
a
s
= , naecno.
4. Hexa e aeno reno co maca 15[ ] m kg = , a na nea ejcrnyna cnna naecno
1
17[ ] F N = , cnna
naneno
2
35[ ] F N = , a xoe]nnnenror na rpnene e: 0,1 = .
a. a ce npecmera nxynnara xopnsonranna cnna n sapsynanero.
b. Axo renoro e no mnpynane sa 0 t = [s], sa xonxano pacrojanne n na xoj cmep xe ne
nomecreno sa 10[ ] t s =
Pemenne: Horpennre ]opmynnre ce:
1 2 Fx
F F F =

,
tr
F G = ,
x Fx tr
F F F =

n
F m a = n
2
2
o o
a
s s v t t = + + .
1) Ineame exa cnre ennnnn ce cxnann na ne rn sannmeme:
17 35 18[ ]
Fx
F N = =

2) Fnejxn 18 0
Fx
F = <

, nnxenero na
cncremor xe ne naneno, | | 18
F Fx
F F = =

3) 15 9,8 147[ ] G m N = = = g ,
0,1147 14,7[ ]
tr
F G N = = =
4) 18 14,7 18 14,7 3,3[ ]
F tr
F F F N = = = =
2
F
m
1
F
G
2
F
m
1
F
G
7
5) 3apsynane n nar:
2
3,3 10
15 3,3
3,3
15
0,22[ ]
a
a
a
m
a
s
=
=
=
=
Fnejxn cncremor eme no mnpynane: 0
o
s = n 0
o
v = raxa a
2
2
a
s t =
2
0,22
(10)
2
11,1[ ]
s
s m
=
=
Oronop: 3,3[ ]
x
F N = ,
2
0,22[ ]
m
a
s
= , 11,1[ ] s m = naneno.
5. Hexa e aeno reno co maca 12[ ] m kg = , a na nea ejcrnyna cnna naecno
1
14,2[ ] F N = . O
mnpynane cncremor sa 10[ ] t s = ce nomecryna 10[ ] m
a. a ce npecmera nxynnara xopnsonranna cnna n sapsynane.
b. a ce npecmera xoe]nnnenror na rpnene.
Fnejxn cnnara
1
F e naecno, a
2
0 F = ro nmame cnennor cncrem.
uopmynn:
1 Fx
F F =

,
tr
F G = ,
Fx tr
F F F =

n F m a = n
2
2
o o
a
s s v t t = + + .
Paornme no "pnnepc" peocne.
Fnejxn cncremor eme no mnpynane: 0
o
s = n 0
o
v = raxa a
2
2
a
s t =
O s apame a .
2
2
2
2
10 (10)
2
(10) 10
2
2 10
100
0,2
a
s t
a
a
a
a
=
=
=

=
=
3naun:
2
0,2[ ]
m
a
s
= (naecno)
O a apame F .
12 0,2
2,4
F m a
F
F
=
=
=
3naun: 2,4[ ] F N =
m
1
F
G
8
O F n
1
14,2
Fx
F F = =

apame
tr
F .
2,4 |14,2|
14,2 2,4
11,8
Fx tr
tr
tr
tr
F F F
F
F
F
=
=
=
=

3naun: 11,8[ ]
tr
F N =
Hmame 12 9,8 117,6 G m = = = g na o
tr
F n G apame .
11,8 117,6
117,6 11,8
11,8
117,6
0,1
tr
F G =
=
=
=
=
3naun: 0,1 = .
Oronop: 2,4[ ] F N = ,
2
0,2[ ]
m
a
s
= n 0,1 = , naecno.
9
3.3. Kocn cnnn npn xopnson1anno nnaene - es 1pnene
Kocn cnnn nmaar xopnsonrannn n neprnxannn xomnonenrn. Xopnsonrannnor xomnonenr enyna xaxo
xopnsonranna cnna ncro xaxo no 3.1. Beprnxannnor xomnonenr enyna nopmanno na nnxenero, na
enyna no opeynane na npnrncoxor, onocno cnnara na rpnene, a sa roa xe ncxyrnpame no 3.4.
3naun, norpeno e a ce opeynaar ronemnnnre na onne xomnonenrn.
a ce norcernme:
Xopusou1anuu kounoueu1u ua kocu cunu
Een moxen cnyuaj e xae mro nere cnnn a ce xocn 'narope':
Xopnsonrannnre xomnonenrn na cnnnre
1
F n
2
F ce:
1 1
cos
x
F F = o n
2 2
cos
x
F F = |
Onmr cnyuaj e xaxo cnennor cnyuaj:
Ineaj nnnmarenno
2x
F ja nma ncrara onxnna n nacoxa nesanncno ann
2
F e xoca narope nnn xoca
naony. 3naun xopnson1annn1e xounonen1n cexoram ce:
1 1
cos
x
F F = o n
2 2
cos
x
F F = |
Toram nxynnara xopnsonranna cnna es rpnene e:
1 2 Fx x x
F F F =

.
**Ona e npomnpynane na cnyuajor 3.1 ramy cnnnre
1
F n
2
F ce xopnsonarannn cnnn. Toa
snaun 0 o = | = , a nejxn e cos0 1 = nmame
1 1 1 1
cos 1
x
F F F F = o = = n
2 2 x
F F = n
nonara ]opmyna sa
Fx
F

oronapa na crapara ]opmyna.

3aenemxa: Kaxo n ocera, oxonxy
Fx
F

nma nosnrnnna npenocr cncremor ce nnxn naecno -

onxy e nerarnnna naneno, a nnxenero e co cnna | |
F Fx
F F =

.
Fnejxn nema rpnene: 0
tr
F = ,
F tr F
F F F F = = onocno
F
F F =
1
F
2
F
m
o
|
1
F
2
F
m
o
|
2x
F
1x
F
1
F
2
F
m
o
|
2x
F
1x
F
o
F
cos
x
F F = o
sin
y
F F = o
10
3naun, norpennre ]opmynn npn xopnsonranno nnxene co xocn cnnn, a es rpnene ce:
1 1
cos
x
F F = o
,
2 2
cos
x
F F = |
,
1 2 Fx x x
F F F =

, | |
F Fx
F F =

,
F
F F =
Hpnuepn:
6. Hexa e aeno reno co maca 10[ ] m kg = , a na nea ejcrnyna cnna naecno
1
21,2[ ] F N = no
nosnrnnen aron o 45, a oneno ejcrnyna cnna
2
21,9[ ] F N = no nosnrnnen aron 30 . a ce
npecmera nxynnara xopnsonranna cnna n sapsynane, axo rpnenero ce sanemapyna.
Pemenne:
Io nmame cnennor cncrem (ne e npran no pasmep ).
Hajnpno saenexn exa o nn]opmannjara ne e "jacno" ann cncremor xe ce nnxn naecno nnn
naneno xaxo mro eme ocera. 3aroa cexoram ja xopncrnme ]opmynara:
1 2 Fx x x
F F F =

na o nero
xe nnnme no xoj cmep ce nnxn cncremor!
1 1
cos 21,2 cos45 21,2 0,707 15
x
F F = o = = =
2 2
cos 21,9 cos30 21,9 0,866 19
x
F F = | = = =
1 2
15 19 4
Fx x x
F F F = = =

3naun, nnxenero e naneno co cnna | | 4

F Fx
F F F = = =

.
2
4 10
10 4
0,4[ ]
F ma
a
a
a m s

=
=
=
=
Oronop: 4[ ] F N = n
2
0,4[ ]
m
a
s
= , a cncremor ce nnxn naneno.
1
F
2
F
m
o
|
11
3.4. Kocn cnnn npn xopnson1anno nnaene - CO 1pnene
Ha noropnnor cnyuaj cera oannme n rpnene.
Bnonme no 3.3:
xopnson1annn1e xounonen1n na
1
F n
2
F ce:
1 1
cos
x
F F = o n
2 2
cos
x
F F = |
Toram nxynnara xopnson1anna cnna na cnnn1e e:
1 2 Fx x x
F F F =

.
3aenemxa: Kaxo n ocera, oxonxy
Fx
F

nma nosnrnnna npenocr, cncremor ce nnxn naecno,

a onxy e nerarnnna naneno n roa co cnna: | |
F Fx
F F =

Kounoueu1u ua 1puene
3a rpnenero xaxo n no 3.2 nrnn ce cnnnre nopmanno na nnxenero, onocno neprnxannnre cnnn.
Kocn cnnn nmaar n neprnxannn xomnonenrn.
3naun, noxpaj rpannrannona cnna G, rpea a ce semaar n no osnp onne neprnxannn xomnonenrn.
a ce norcernme exa npn xopnsonranno nnxene ro opennme nosnrnnnnor cmep na
Fx
F

a ne nosn1nnen , onocno "naecno". Hpn neprnxanno nnxene ro opennme

nosnrnnnnor cmep na
Fy
F

a e nosn1nnen , onocno "narope".

Bep1ukanuu kounoueu1u ua kocu cunu
Kaxo n norope, een moxen cnyuaj e xae mro nere cnnn ce xocn 'narope' (nnn rope).
Beprnxannn xomnonenrn na cnnnre
1
F n
2
F ce:
1 1
sin
y
F F = o n
2 2
sin
y
F F = |
Ineaj nnnua1enno, no onoj cnyuaj
1 2 Fy y y
F F F = +

nejxn nere cnnn ce no nosn1nnnno1 cuep na ,

onocno enynaar no oparen cmep o rpannrannjara, r.e. ja onecnynaar rpnenero.
Meryroa, no onmr cnyuaj moxe a nma n cnnn narope n naony xaxo no cnennor cnyuaj:
1
F
2
F
m
o
| 2y
F
1y
F
G
1
F
2
F
m
o
|
2y
F
1y
F
G
1
F
2
F
m
o
|
G
12
Ineaj nnnua1enno
nep1nxannno1 xounonen1 na cnna1a xoja e nacouena 'naony' nua opa1en cuep!
Bo aennor cnyuaj:
1 2 Fy y y
F F F =

, no axo eme nenara cnna narope, a ecnara cnna naony xe

nmanme n rpera ]opmyna, a axo cnnnre ea nere naony xe nmanme n uernpra ]opmyna!
3a a ne nnmnme ronxy ]opmynn, xe ja ocrannme ]opmynara no nexropcxn onnx.
3naun, no onmr cnyuaj nnmyname:
1 2 Fy y y
F F F = +

, a
cnope cuepo1 na arono1 ce rnea snaxo1 na nep1nxannno1 xounonen1.
(Ona nma cmncon, oxonxy ce rpra narope ce onecnyna rpnenero o rpannrannja, a n oparno.)
Cera rpea onaa neprnxanna cnna a ce xomnnnpa co pyrara neprnxanna cnna G.
1. Cnnara
Fy
F

e aena nexropcxn, r.e. co nacoxa, n cnnara e nosnrnnna axo e "narope".

2. Hacoxa o rpannrannonara cnna G e oparna, raa e nosnrnnna naony!
3. 3a npecmerynane na cnnara na rpnene
tr
F ce apa r.n. nxynnnor npnrncox
P
F , a n roj e nosnrnnen
naony xaxo rpannrannjara.
- Cneyna
P Fy
F G F =

Kaxo n no 3.2 nmame:
tr p
F F =
3naun, npn xopnsonranno nnxene co xocn cnnn co rpnene, norpennre ]opmynn ce:
1 1
cos
x
F F = o ,
2 2
cos
x
F F = |,
1 2 Fx x x
F F F =

, | |
F Fx
F F =

,
1 1
sin
y
F F = o
n
2 2
sin
y
F F = |
,
1 2 Fy y y
F F F = +

,
P Fy
F G F =

tr p
F F = n
F tr
F F F = .
13
Koco pnuxene
3.5 Cnoono nnsrane no pauna naony es 1pnene
Bo cnoono nnsrane no pamna , enncrnenara cnna e rpannrannja. Io nmame cnennor cncrem.
Cnnara na nnxenero no e
F
F

, onocno -xomnonenror na G.
- 3naun: sin sin
F
F G m = u = u

g .
a ce norcernme exa npn xopnsonranno nnxene ro opennme nosnrnnnnor cmep na
Fx
F

a ne nosn1nnen , onocno "naecno". Hpn neprnxanno nnxene ro opennme

nosnrnnnnor cmep na
Fy
F

a e nosn1nnen , onocno "narope".

Hpn xoco nnxene, xe sememe "sapsynauxn" a e nosnrnnnnor cmep
F
F

, nejxn roram
"nosnrnnna cnna" enyna sapsynauxn xaxo no onoj cnyuaj.
Fnejxn ryxa enncrnenara cnna e rpannrannja, a raa e naony: 0
F
F >

n | |
F F F
F F F = =


.
Fnnjxn rpnenero ce sanemapyna: 0
tr
F = n
F tr F
F F F F = =

.
O pyra crpana,
F
F m a =

, na cneyna:
sin m m a u =

g , onocno sin a = u

g e sapsynanero naony no pamnara.

3naun: npn xoco nnsrane no pamna es 1pnene, norpennre ]opmynn ce:
sin
F
F G = u

n
sin a = u

g
n
F
F F =

3aenemxa: nnxenero e 1-nmensnonanno, no ne e nnry xopnsonranno, nnry neprnxanno.

** 3aroa, naror xe ro osnauyname co s , onocno s e onxnna - [m] s nnn [km] s .
Hpnuep:
7. Hexa e aeno reno co maca 15[ ] m kg = xoe o mnpno croene rprnyna no pamna xoja npann aron co
xopnsonror o 60. Axo rpnenero ce sanemapyna, a ce npecmera sapsynane na renoro. Axo
nomecrynanero no pamnara e 2[ ] s m = , xonxana xe ne psnnara na renoro xora crnrnyna
oony? Bonymenor na macara ce sanemapyna.
Pemenne:
1. Hpexy cnnn1e nmame: 15 9,8 147[ ] G N = =
147 sin60 147 0,866 127,3
F
F = = =

127,3[N]
F
F F = =

n
127,3
8,5
15
F
a
m
= = =

nnn npex1no

u
G
u
F
F

G
m
u
pamnara
G
F
F

60
60

14
3apsynanero ? a =

sin60
9,8 0,866
8,5
a
a
a
=
=
=

g
3naun:
2
m
8,5[ ]
s
a =

(ony no pamnara sapsynauxn)

2. Co 2[ ] s m = n
2
m
8,5[ ]
s
a =

apame t xora renoro crnrna o ony.

2
2
2
2
8,5
2
2
0,47
0,7
a
s t
t
t
t
=
=
=
=
3naun: 0,7[s] t = .
3. Co
2
m
8,5[ ]
s
a =

n t apame v no momenror xora renoro crnrna o ony.

8,5 0,7
5,8
v a t
v
v
=
=
=

3naun:
m
5,8[ ]
s
v = .
Oronop: Fes rpnene, sapsnyanero e
2
m
8,5[ ]
s
a =

, a nomnnane 0,7[s] t = xora renoro crnrna

o ony, a psnnara no roj momenr e
m
5,8[ ]
s
v = .
15
3.6 Cnoono nnsrane no pauna naony co 1pnene
Enncrnenara cnna e rpannrannja. Io nmame cnennor cncrem.
Kaxo n es rpnene:
-xomnonenror na G e
F
F

xae mro e: sin sin
F
F G m = u = u

g n
0
F
F >

n | |
F F F
F F F = =


.
Hopan roa mro ro sememe n rpnenero no osnp, cnnnre nopuannn na pamnara rpea a ce
onpeenynaar. Fnejxn no onoj cnyuaj, enncrnenara cnna e rpannrannja, a raa e naony:
cos
N
F G = u

n cos
tr N
F F G = = u

Cneyna: (sin cos )

F tr
F F F m = = u u

g
onocno (sin cos ) a = u u g e sapsynanero no pamnara co rpnene.
3naun: npn xoco nnsrane no pamna, norpennre ]opmynn ce:
sin
F
F G = u

,
cos
N
F G = u

| |
F F
F F =

tr N
F F =

,
F tr
F F F =

, onocno
Hpnuepn:
8. (Hcrara saaua xaxo 8-ra camo co rpnene.) Hexa e aeno reno co maca 15[ ] m kg = xoe o
mnpno croene rprnyna no pamna xoja npann aron co xopnsonror o 60 . Axo xoe]nnnenror na
rpnene e 0,1 = , a ce npecmera sapsynane na renoro. Axo onxnnara na pamnara e
2[ ] s m = , xonxana xe ne psnnara na renoro xora crnrnyna oony? Bonymenor na macara ce
sanemapyna.
Pemenne:
1. Hpexy cnnn1e nmame: 15 9,8 147[ ] G N = =
147 sin60 147 0,866 127,3
F
F = = =

(naony no pamnara - sapsynauxn)

cos 0,1 147 cos60 0,1 147 0,5 7,4
tr
F G = u = = =
127,3 7,3 119,9[ ]
F tr
F F F N = = =
119,9
8
15
F
a
m
= = = nnn npex1no
(sin cos ) 9,8(sin60 0,1 cos60 )
9,8(0,866 0,1 0,5) 9,8 0,816 8
a = u u = =
= = =
g
3naun:
2
m
8[ ]
s
a = . (Ona nma cmncna, onocno nocnopo cneryna co rpnene!)

G
m
u
pamnara

u
G
u
F
F

N
F

(sin cos) F G = u

n
(sin cos) a = u g
npn cnoono nnsrane (sapysanane) no pamna co rpnene
16
. Co 2[ ] s m = n
2
m
8[ ]
s
a = apame t xora renoro crnrna o ony.
2
2
2
2
8
2
2
0,5
0,71
a
s t
t
t
t
=
=
=
=
3naun: 0,71[s] t = .
3. Co
2
m
8[ ]
s
a = n t apame v no momenror xora renoro crnrna o ony.
8 0,71
5,7
v a t
v
v
=
=
=

3naun:
m
5,7[ ]
s
v = .
Oronop: Co rpnene, sapsnyanero e
2
m
8[ ]
s
a = , a nomnnane 0,71[s] t = xora renoro
crnrna o ony, a psnnara no roj momenr e
m
5,7[ ]
s
v = .
9. Tenoro co maca j 3 m kg = o mnpna cocroja ce nnsra no naneena pamnnna no aron 45 no
xopnsonranara no noroa npoonxyna na xopnsonranna narexa. Koe]nnnenror na rpnene na
nere pamnnne e 0,3 = . Axo renoro ro nomnnyna naneenara pamnnna sa 5[ ] t s = , a ce
open cnenoro:
a) onxnnara s na naneenara pamnna .
) Co xonxana psnna renoro npncrnrnyna na xpajor na naneenara pamnnna?
n) 3a xonxy nxynno npeme xe sannpa renoro?
r) Konxy e onxnnara na nennor nomnnar nar?
Pemenne:
1. 3 9,8 29,4[ ] G N = =
Ha naneenara pamnnna, nmame:
29,4 sin45 29,4 0,707 20,8
F
F = = =

(naony no pamnara - sapsynauxn)

cos 0,3 29,4 cos45 0,3 29,4 0,707 6,2
tr
F G = u = = =
20,8 6,2 14,6[ ]
F tr
F F F N = = =
14,5
4,9
3
F
a
m
= = = .
3naun, na naneenara pamnnna:
2
m
4,9[ ]
s
uae
a = .
2. Fnejxn na noueroxor 0
o
s = n 0
o
v =
2
2
2
4,9
(5)
2
2,45 25 61
a
s t
s
s
=
=
= =
n
0 4,9 5
24,5
o
v v at
v
v
= +
= +
=
45
45

F
F

N
F

G
p
G F =
17
3naun, onxnnara na naneenara pamnnna e: 61[m] s = , a
psnnara na renoro na xpajor na onaa pamnna e 24,5[ ]
m
v
s
= .
3. Ha xopnsonrannara pamnnna enyna camo rpnene n roa o rpannrannja (nnn 3.2),
r.e.
P
F G = n
0,3 29,4 8,8[ ]
tr
F G N = = =
3naun, 8,8
tr
F F = = n saanynanero e:
8,8
2,9
3
xop
F
a
m

= = = .
3aanynanero enyna nps nouernara psnnara xoja renoro ro nma npn noueroxor na
xopnsonrannara pamnnna, r.e. na psnnara na renoro na xpajor na naneenara pamnna.
3naun, ryxa 24[ ]
o
m
v
s
= , a rpea a ro openme npemero n naror xora 0 v = . 3naun:
0 24 ( 2,9)
2,9 24,5
8,3[ ]
o xop
v v a t
t
t
t s
= +
= +
=
=
2
0
2
2
2,9
24,5 8,3 (8,3)
2
103,5[ ]
a
s v t t
s
s m
= +
=
=
Bxynnoro npeme e: 5 8,3 13,3[ ]
e
t s = + = , a nxynnnor nar e: 61 103,5 164,5[ ]
e
s m = + = .
Oronopor e: (a) 61[ ] s m = , () 24,5[ ]
m
v
s
= , (n) 13,3[ ]
e
t s = n (r) 164,5[ ]
e
s m =
3aenemxa: Onne ]opmynn nmaar cmncna n o cnenara nornena rouxa.
a) Axo 0 u = (ony neno) roram nema naxnonerocr n nema nnxene o rpannrannja.
sin sin0 0 0
F F
F F G G G = = u = = =

, r.e. nema nonnxna cnna no 'pamnara'.

(Fnejxn 0
F
F = ne ce npecmeryna rpnenero nema o mro a ro oseme!)
) Axo 90 u = (rope ecno) roram pamnara e neprnxanna n renoro nara cnoono es rpnene.
sin sin90 1
F F
F F G G G G = = u = = =

.
cos cos90 0 0
tr
F G G G = u = = =
u =0

m
G u =90

m
G
18
3.6 Cnoono nnsrane no pauna narope co 1pnene npn noue1na psnna
Hpernocrannme exa renoro ce nnxn co nouerna psnna 0
o
v > .
Enncrnenara cnna e rpannrannja. Io nmame cnennor cncrem.
Cera sin
F
F G = u

enyna saanynauxn, onocno no oparna nacoxa o nnxenero.

Ce pasnpa exa cnnara na rpnene: cos
tr N
F F G = = u

enyna saanynauxn.
Cneyna: (sin cos )
F tr
F F F m = = u + u

g
onocno (sin cos ) a = u+ u g e saanynanero no pamnara co rpnene.
Hpnuep:
10. Eno reno co maca 30[kg] m = nnxejxn co psnna 20[m/s] v = nanyna na npanonnnncxn en
o naror naxnoner narope sa 5. pyrn cnnn ocnen rpannrannja ne enyna nps nero, a
xoe]nnnenror na rpnene e 0,004 = . 3a xonxy npeme xe sacrane renoro, a xonxy e
nomecrynanero sa roa npeme?
Pemenne:
3a a ro najeme naror n npemero, najnpno rpea a ce naje saanynanero a.
(sin cos ) 9,8(sin5 0,004cos5 ) 9,8 0,0911 0,9 a = u+ u = + = = g
3naun
2
0,9[m/s ] a = .
Ja xopncrnme ]opmynara:
o
v v at = + co 20
o
v = , 0,9 a = n 0 v = sa a ro najeme t .
0 20 0,9
0,9 20
20
0,9
22,2
t
t
t
t
=
=
=
=
3naun, 22,2[s] t = .
Ja xopncrnme ]opmynara
2
2
o
a
s v t t A = + co 0
o
s = n ropeonennre npenocrn sa a ro najeme s.
2
0,9
20 22,2 (22,2) 222
2
s A = = . 3naun, 222[m] s A =
Oronop: Tenoro xe sacrane sa 22,2[s] t = , a nomecrynanero e 222[m] s A = .
G
u
F
F

N
F

u

m
pamnara
G
u

F
F

G
5
N
F