6.

Inymqm
6.2 Xmqpocvuvmku
Iopynm zu mqpocvuvmku
Onnc Osnaxa Ennnnn mopuyna
Hpn1ncox p
2
N
Pa
m
(
=
(

F
p
S
=
Hpnrncox o rexnna
p h = g
Hpnrncox n xnpocrarnxa
1 2
p p = ,
1 2
1 2
F F
S S
=
1 2
V V = ,
1 1 2 2
S h S h =
Armoc]epcxn npnrncox
a
p nnn b Pa
5
1 10 Pa b ~ (een "ap")
Houomnn qopuynn
Onnc Osnaxa Ennnnn mopuyna
Cnna o rpannrannja - rexnna , , ... F G
2
kg m
N
s

=
G m = g
Iycrnna

3
kg
m
3
kg
1000
m
V
= (noa)
Hnomrnna (nonpmnncxa nnomrnna)
na xpyr ocnona na nnnnnap

2
m
2
S r = t (panyc r)
2
r
d = (njamerap d)
Bonymen (na nnnnnap) V
3
m
V bh Sh = =
Maca m kg
m V =
Taena na ryc1nnn
Boa (V)
3 3 3
kg kg kg gr
1000 1 1 1
m dm cm
V
= = = =

Mopcxa noa
3
kg
1025 1,025
m
morska voda V
= =
Faxap (Cu)
3
kg
8900 8,9
m
Cu V
= =
Xnna (Hg)
3
kg
13600 13,6
m
Hg V
= =
Hnnx (Zn)
3
kg
7200 7,2
m
Zn V
= =
Anymnnnym (Al)
3
kg
2700 2,7
m
Al V
= =
Hnyra
3
kg
500 0,5
m
pluta V
= =
Herponeymor
3
kg
733 0,733
m
petroleum V
= =
Innnepnn
3
kg
1260 1,26
m
glicerin V
= =
Boopo
5
3
kg
0,09 9 10
m
H V

= =
Fensnn
3
kg
737 0,737
m
benzin V
= =
6.2.0 O5gucnyeuue
u. pckuvu noery qopynmve
F
p
S
= m p h = g
Ocnonnara ]opmyna sa npnrncox e "cnna nps nonpmnna", r.e.
F
p
S
= .
Axo cnnara F m = g e 1eanna, nmame:
F m V V h V h
p h
S S S S h V

= = = = = =
g g g g
g .
5. Dpmvmcok eo cuq co venocvm
3a opeynane na npnrncox no rouxa ce mepar cnre npnrnconn xon ce "na" rouxara
- Bo A na rouxara nma camo nosyxor, onocno armoc]epcxn npnrncox
- Bo B na rouxara nma n nosyxor n reunocra
1
T co rycrnna
1
n nncnna
1
h .
- Bo C na rouxara nma n nosyxor n reunocra
2
T co rycrnna
2
n nncnna
2
h .
- Bo D na rouxara nma n nosyxor n reunocra
2
T co rycrnna
2
n nncnna
2
h xaxo n
reunocra
1
T co rycrnna
1
n nncnna
1
h .
3aenemxa 1: Hpnrncoxor e ncr no nno xoja rouxa na ncrara nncnna.
Ha npnmep, no ony npnxaxanara cnnxa cnre rouxn ce na ncrara nncnnara
2
h no
nonpmnnara raxa a npnrncoxor e ncrara no cnre rpn rouxn:
2 2 a
p p h g = + .
3aenemxa 2: Bo noropnoro ojacnynane moxenme a peunme exa cnre rouxn ce na
ncrara nncnna
1
h n raxa onuno ce nene no saaunre.
Meryroa caxanme a norennnpame exa nesanncno o roa xaxo ce xaxyna
- sa npecue1ynane na npn1ncoxo1 ce rnea "na" 1ouxa1a!
A B C D
h
1
h
2
a
p p =
1 1 a
p p h g = +
2 2 a
p p h g = +
2 2 1 1 a
p p h g h g = + +
2 2 a
p p h g = +
h
1
h
2
e. Dpmvmcok eo npecu
Hpnrncoxor co xoj enyna xnnnor
ce enn cnna1a nps xnnno1 co nonpmnna1a na xnnno1.
Onuno xaj npecnre noxpaj armoc]epcxnor npnrncox
a
p xoj e ncrnor nps nara xnnnonn,
- nps noronemnor xnnn co nonpmnna
g
S nma reno co opeena 1eanna G na
npnrncoxor na nno xoja rouxa no noronemnor xnnn e:
g a
g
G
p p
S
= +
- nps nomannor xnnn co nonpmnna
m
S ejcrnyna nexoja nanopemna cnna F na
npnrncoxor na nno xoja rouxa no nomannor xnnn e:
m a
m
F
p p
S
= +
Hpecara e no pamnorexa xora
g m
p p = , onocno xora npnrnconnre o nere crpann ce
enaxnn, a
g m
p p = snaun:
g m
G F
S S
=
F
G
nonpmnna
m
S
nonpmnna
g
S
6.2.1 Dpmepm oq npmvmcok
Hpnuep 1. Co xonxana cnna rpea a ejcrnyna nps nomannor xnnn (
2
3cm
m
S = ) o
xnpoyunnuna npeca sa co noronemnor xnnn (
2
200cm
g
S = ) a ce nonrne ronap co maca
700kg m = (onocno sa npecara a ocrane no pamnorexna nonoxa)?
Pemenne: 3a a ce nonrne ronapor, npnrncoxor nps mannor xnnn rpea a e enaxon na
npnrncoxor na ronapor nps ronemnor xnnn,
m g
p p = xae mro
m
m
F
p
S
= n
ronap
g
g
G
p
S
= .
3naun:
ronap
m g
G
F
S S
= .
Fapame ? F = xae mro
2
3cm
m
S = n
2
200cm
g
S = n
ronap
700 9,8 6860N G m = = = g .
3amenynajxn, nmame
6860
3 200
68,6
3
200
102,9
F
F
F
=
=
=
3naun, 102,9 F N = .
Oronop: Horpenara cnna e 102,9 F N = .
3aenemxa: Bo pemennero na noropnnor npnmep sa
m
p n
g
p npecmerana e npenocra na
"penarnnnnor" npnrncox. Toa e nejxn armoc]epcxnor npnrncox enyna noenaxno nps
nara xnnnonn.
- Honpennsno n nno a nnmeme
m a
m
F
p p
S
= + n
ronap
g a
g
G
p p
S
= + ,
xae mro
a
p e armoc]epcxn npnrncox.
Meryroa, o
m g
p p = , cenax naxn
ronap
m g
G
F
S S
= , na ce onna ncrnor oronop!
- 3a noenocranno osnauynane, no napennre npnmepn ocnen xae mro
armoc]epcxnor npnrncox ne enyna noenaxno, xe paornme co penarnnnn
npnrnconn.
m
p
g
p
F
Hpnuep 2. Bo npexonara saaua, oxonxy nonpmnnara na noronemnor xnnn ce
sroneuyna 2 na1n o
2
400cm
g
S = , ann nonexe nnn nomanxy cnna e norpena sa
nonrnynane na ncrnor ronap?
O onne na npnmepn jacno e exa sa rpomene na nomana cnna, norpeno e mro
noronem onoc nomery nonpmnnnre na xnnnonn. Meryroa, xaxo mro xe nnnme no
napennre na npnmep, roa ne e nenara npnxasna...
Pemenne: Ke ja pemnme saauara na ncr naunn xaxo no npnmep 1, xe nnnme mro oronop
xe oneme, xe npannme cnopea, na noroa xe ncxyrnpame.
3naun:
ronap
m g
G
F
S S
= . Fapame ? F = , a
2
3cm
m
S = n
2
400cm
g
S = n
ronap
6860N G = .
3amenynajxn, nmame
6860
3 400
6860
3
400
51,5
F
F
F
=
=
=
3naun, 51,5 F N = .
Oronop: Fnejxn 51,5 102,9 < cneyna exa nouana cnna e no1pena a ce nonrne
ronap na noronema nonpmnna, onocno:
- Co sronemynane na nonpmnnara na noronemnor xnnn sa ]axrop A, norpenara cnna
ce namanyna sa ]axrop A (no saauara na narn ce sronemyname nonpmnnara, a na
narn ce namann cnnara).
Co sronemynane na nonpmnnara na nomannor xnnn sa ]axrop A, norpenara cnna xe ce
sroneuyna sa ]axrop A (npoajre nexa
2
12cm
m
S = , onocno ja sronemyname
nonpmnnara na nomannor xnnn sa 4 narn, na norpenara cnna xe ce sronemn sa 4 narn!)
F
m
h
g
h
Hpnuep 3. Hnomrnnnre na xnnnonnre o ena xnpaynnuna npeca ce
2
3cm
m
S = n
2
200cm
g
S = . Ha xoja nncnna xe ce nonrne nornemnor xnnn axo nomannor ce cnymrn sa
50cm
m
h = ?
Pemenne: O saxonnre snaeme exa nonymenor na reunocra no npecara ne ce menyna. O
nprexor ce rnea exa ce paorn sa nsenauynane na nonymenor na na nnnnnpnunn
]nrypn, a nonymenor na nnnnnap e:
nnnnnap
V bh Sh = = .
3naun:
m g
V V = xae mro
2 3
3cm 50cm 150cm
m m m
V S h = = = n
2
200cm
g g g g
V S h h = = .
3amenynajxn, nmame
3 2
2 3
3
2
150cm 200cm
200cm 150cm
150cm
200cm
0,75cm
g
g
g
g
h
h
h
h
=
=
=
=
3naun, 0,75cm
g
h = .
Oronop: Horonemnor xnnn xe ce nonrne sa 0,75cm
g
h = .
Hpnuep 4. Bo npexonnor npnmep 3, oxonxy nonpmnnara na noronemnor xnnn ce
sroneuyna 2 na1n o
2
400cm
g
S = , ann nonexe nnn nomanxy xe ce nonrne noronemnor
xnnn?
Pemenne: Ke ja pemnme saauara na ncr naunn xaxo no npnmep 1, xe nnnme mro
oronop xe oneme, xe npannme cnopea, na noroa xe ncxyrnpame.
3naun:
m g
V V = ,
3
150cm
m
V = n
2
400cm
g g
V h = .
3amenynajxn, nmame
3 2
3
2
150cm 400cm
150cm
400cm
0,38cm
g
g
g
h
h
h
=
=
=
3naun, 0,38cm
g
h = .
Oronop: Fnejxn 0,38 0,75 < cneyna exa npn ncroro cnymrene na nomannor xnnn,
xnnn co noronema nonpmnna nomanxy xe ce nonrne, onocno:
- Co sronemynane na nonpmnnara na noronemnor xnnn sa ]axrop A, nonrnynanero
na ncrnor ce namanyna sa ]axrop A (no saauara na narn ce sronemyname
nonpmnnara, a na narn ce namann xpenanero).
m
h
g
h
? Hpamane sa pasuncnynane ?
3a xonxy ce sronemn njamerapor na noronemnor xnnn nomery npnnor n
nropnor npnmep?
Pemenne: 3naeme exa onocnor na nonpmnnnre e:
2
2
2
1
400cm
2
200cm
S
S
= = .
Meryroa,
2
S r = t . 3naun,
2
2
2 2 2
2
1 1 1
( )
2
( )
S r r
S r r
| | t
= = =
|
t
\ .
, onocno
2
1
2 1,4
r
r
= ~ .
Koneuno, nejxn
2 2 2
1 1 1
2
2
d r r
d r r
= = ,
nmame exa onocnor na njamerpnre e 2 1,4 ~ .
Cneyna exa njamerapor na xnnnor xe ce sronemn sa 1,4 narn.
Hpnuep 5: Co nomom na nenxa xoja na ropnnor xpaj nma xnnn, co nneuene na xnnn ce
nan noa o ynap. O xoja najronema naounna na ynapor moxe a ce nan noa axo
armoc]epcxnor npnrncox mro ejcrnyna na cnoonara nonpmnna na noara no ynapor
nopmanen 101,3kPa b = .
Pemenne: Baxno e a ce pasepe exa xnnnor camo npann naxym, a armoc]epcxnor
npnrncox xoj ejcrnyna na noara no ynapor ja rypxa noara na rope. 3naun xora noara
no nenxara nma npnrncox xonxy armoc]epcxnor n xonxy a e jax xnnno1, norope neua
a on noa1a.
Hpnrncoxor na noara no nenxara e:
p h = g , a maxcnmannara nncnna ce crnrnyna xora p b = .
Hmame
3
1000kg/m
v
= = , 9,81N = g
3amenynajxn:
3
3
1000 9,81 101,310
101,3 10
1000 9,81
10,3
h
h
h
=

=
Oronop: 10,3m h =
h
p
Hpnuep 6: Hoony ce nanprann rpn caonn. Caonnre ro nmaar ncroro (xpyxno) no n
co ncrara nncnna, a ce nanonnern co noa. Koj ca rexn najnonexe, a nps noro na xoj ca
noara npmn najronem npnrncox?
Pemenne: Caor C nma najronem nonymen, onocno
A B C
V V V < < .
Texnnnre na noara no caonnre e:
A A v A v A
F m V V = = g g = g ,
B v B
F V = g n
C v C
F V = g
Cneyna
A B C
F F F < < , r.e. caor C rexn najnonexe.
Meryroa, nejxn nncnnara na n reunocra no rpnre caonn e ncra, npnrncoxor na noro
na rpnre caonn e enaxon no rpnre caonn, onocno
A B C v
p p p p h = = = = g .
B C
h
Hpnuep 7: Tecrnpan n nponajen e exa cnojxara na noro na eno ype nspxyna
npnrncox o 400kPa
B a
p p = + . Bo ypero e cranena nenxa co noa. Ha xoja nncnna h xe
ce cxpmn ypero? Axo no nenxara nma xnna?
Pemenne:
Boa: Hpnrncox na noro na ypero e
v a
p h p = + g .
Fypero xe ce cxpmn xora
B
p p = onocno xora
3
1000 9,81 400 10
400
40,8
9,81
v a B a
h p p p
h
h
+ = +
=
= =
g
3naun, 41m h = .
Oronop: 3a noa, nenxara rpea a nma nncnna 41m h = .
nna: Hpnrncox na noro na ypero e
Hg
p h = g .
3
13600 9,81 400 10
400
9,8113,6
41
3,0
13,6
Hg B
h p
h
h
h
=
=
=

= =
g
3naun, 3m h = .
Oronop: 3a xnna, nenxara rpea a nma nncnna 3m h = .
3aenemxn:
- Cnope pesynrarnre, jacno e exa peanno nnry een o onne cnyuan nema a ce
cnyuar!
- Bncnnara h ne sanncn o njamerapor na nenxara raxa a nenxara moxe a ne
mnory recna, a nax a ce cxpmn ypero!
- Hnrepecno e exa xnnara e 13,6 narn noremxa o noa, na saroa rpea 13,6 narn
nomana nncnna, no noonmro ne e naxno rexnnara na reunocra no nenxara (r.e.
nonymenor, r.e. njamerapor na nenxara!
Ona ce nnxa Apxnomeona napaoxc.
h
p
8 cm 10,5 cm
A
C
8 cm
10,5 cm
A
C d
p
p

h
Hpnuep 8: Kpannre o craxneno nenxa
noronenn ce no caonn A n B nanonnern
co pasnnunn reunocrn. Hns ornopor C na
ropnnor xpaj o nenxara ce nsnnexyna
nosyxor o nea. Hopan roa reunocrnre
o caonnre ce nsnrnynaar n roa: no
nennor xpax sa 8cm h =

, a no ecnnor
xpax sa 10,5cm
d
h = . Konxana e
rycrnnara na reunocra na caor B, axo
caor A e nanonner co noa?
Pemenne: Ja ononnnme cxnnara o saauara. Hnrynrnnno
*
rpea a nn e jacno exa
reunocra no caor B e "nonecna" o noa. Cnope saxonnre, npnrnconnre na nncnnara h
no nennor n na ecnnor ca ce enaxnn, onocno
A a
p p p = +

,
d B a
p p p = + xae mro
a
p =armoc]epcxn npnrncoxor n
d
p p =

raxa a
A B
p p = xae mro
1000 9,8 0,08
784
A v
A
A
p h
p
p
=
=
=

g
n
9,8 0,105
1,03
B t
B t
B t
p h
p
p
=
=
=

g
3amenynajxn, nmame
1,03 784
784
1,03
762
t
t
t
=
=
=
Oronop:
3
kg
762 0,762
m
t v
= =
*
Onaa "nnrynrnnnocr" nn cnyxn camo sa nponepxa na oronopor. Ineajxn rn npnmepnre 6 n 7 jacno e exa
npn1ncox e ena o naj-nenn1yn1nnnn1e qnsnuxn nojann!
Hpnuep 9: Bo cnpsan ca craneno e nsnecno xonnuecrno rnnnepnn. Horoa no ecnnor
xpax o caor craneno e noa. Pacrojannero mery cnoonara nonpmnna na noara na
ecnnor ca n cnoonara nonpmnna na rnnnepnnor no nennor ca e 80cm h A = . Konxana
e nncnnara na noennor cron, r.e xonxy e nonncoxo nnnoro na noara no ecnnor ca o
nnnoro na rnnnepnnor no nennor ca ?
Pemenne: Hpannme cxnna o saauara. Fapame ?
v
h h A =
Cnope saxonnre, npnrnconnre na nncnnara
g
h no nennor n na ecnnor ca ce enaxnn
(ncrara reunocr co ncrara rycrnna na ncrara nncnna e no rouxnre). 3naun
d
p p =

,
A a
p p p = +

,
d B a
p p p = + xae mro
a
p =armoc]epcxn npnrncoxor raxa a
A B
p p = xae mro
1260 9,8 0,8
9878
A g
A
A
p h
p
p
= A
=
=
g
n
1000 9,8
9800
B g v
B v
B v
p h
p h
p h
=
=
=
g
3amenynajxn, nmame
9878 9800
9800
9878
0,99
v
v
v
h
h
h
=
=
=
. 3naun 0,99m
v
h = n 0,99 0,8 0,19
v
h h A = =
Oronop: 19cm
v
h h A =
h A
p

d
p
v
h
g
h
?
A
Hpnuep 10: Bo cnpsann caonn co pasnnunn npecenn craneno e nsnecno xonnuecrno
xnna, a noroa no nomnpoxnor ca co nanpeuen npecex
2
5cm S = orypeno e ymre 500gr
noa. 3a xonxy xnnnnor cron no norecnnor ca xe ne noonr o xnnnnor cron no
nomnpoxnor ca?
Pemenne: Hpannme cxnna o saauara. Fapame ? h A =
Cnope saxonnre npnrnconnre na nncnnara
Hg
h no nennor n na ecnnor ca ce enaxnn
(ncrara reunocr co ncrara rycrnna na ncrara nncnna e no rouxnre). 3naun
d
p p =

,
A a
p p p = +

,
d B a
p p p = + xae mro
a
p =armoc]epcxn npnrncoxor raxa a
A B
p p = xae mro
5
13600 9,8
1,33 10
A Hg
A
A
p h
p h
p h
= A
= A
= A
g
n
4
3
rexnnara na noara /
0,5 9,8
5 10
9,8 10
B
B
B
B
p
m
p
S
p
p

=
g
3amenynajxn, nmame
5 3
3
5
2
1,33 10 9,8 10
9,8 10
1,33 10
7,4 10
h
h
h

A =

A =

A =
Oronop: 0,07m h A =
h A
p

d
p
v
h
Hg
h
A