LESSON 4 Special Angles with the CAST Rule

WARM-UP: State the primary trig ratios in terms of x, y and r.

Investigation: Special Angles 30, 45, 60 Workbook (Page 2)

Take up the Investigation on Page 2

SUMMARY: Special Angles with the Primary Trig Ratios

There are 2 special right-triangles that allow you to find the exact values of the primary trig ratios for the special angles 30, 45 and 60.

45 45 90
45

30 60 90
30

2
3

1
45

2
60

NOTE: The smallest angle is always opposite the smallest side. The largest angle is always opposite the largest side.

Special Angles with the Primary Trig Ratios

45 45 90
1
45

30 60 90
30

2
45

2
60

1
1 sin 45 2

1
1 sin 30 2
3 cos 30 2 1 tan 30 3 3 sin 60 2

1 cos 45 2

1 cos60 2
tan 60 3

tan 45 1

The CAST Rule

Remember that:

y sin r

x cos r

y tan x

The CAST Rule is a quick way to see which quadrants the trig ratio is positive.
x y x y

A - All ratios are positive

S
x y

S - Only the sine ratio is positive T - Only the tangent ratio is positive
C - Only the cosine ratio is positive

x y

Based on the values and sign of x and y in each quadrant.

Determining EXACT Trigonometric Ratios

Steps For Determining EXACT Trig Ratios:
Sketch a terminal arm diagram in the appropriate quadrant Construct a triangle using the x-axis and the terminal arm. Label the related angle. The value of the related angle should be either 30, 60 or 45. Use your special triangles to label the sides of the triangle Solve for the appropriate trigonometric ratio(s) Use the CAST Rule to check the sign of the ratio(s) created.

Special Angles and the CAST Rule

EXAMPLE 1: Determine the exact values of the following:
a) cos150

Special Angles and the CAST Rule

EXAMPLE 1: Determine the exact values of the following:
b) tan 315

Special Angles and the CAST Rule

EXAMPLE 1: Determine the exact values of the following:
c) sin 600

Special Angles and the CAST Rule

EXAMPLE 2: If 0

determine the exact measures of A.

1 A 360 , and sin A 2

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Unit 3 Part A Workbook

Page 3 Exercise 5