PQ01 Serise Book

1
Power Quality
Transient Voltage Surge Suppression

surgePRO LC FILTER Feature
- Low Let through Voltage
- Low dv/dt
- Fast Response
- Thermal Sensing Inside
- Multi-Color LED Protective
Model : SPF110-25PN
surgePRO LC FILTER Feature
- Low Let through Voltage
- Low dv/dt
- Fast Response
- Thermal Sensing Inside
- Multi-LED Protective
Model : SPF105-20DIN
http://www.oppo.co.th
.....-
Power Quality
1


Technical Director
OPPO Company Limited

Email Address : watt@oppo.co.th

. 2551 :
1. 2.

.. 2537

: //> .. 2548
: // >
: // > Technical Support
: // > Techinical Support

13

...
( )
Technical Director : : OPPO Co.,Ltd.

1. () Surge
Protections
2. ()
(Surge Protections) (Grounding)
3. () -

4. ()

5. ()
...
6. Dr. A. J. (Tony) Surtees Surge Protection, Mr. Rick
Gumley Air Terminal .
7. Mr. Molcolm Crosse . 60

(Surge) dv/dt
...
?
- By surgePRO LC FILTER is Breakthrough Solutions.

-
- dv/dt
- 3
- MOV
- Multi-Color LED
-
-
Model : SPF110-20PN
surgePRO LC FILTER : Panel

(Amplitude) dv/dt
surgePRO LC FILTER
0-2918-7912 0-2918-9798
1 (Lightning and Protection Guide)

1.1 (Lightning)
1.2
1.3 - (Tower)
1.4 (Air Terminal)
1.5 (Down Lead)
1.6
2 (Transient Voltage)
2.1
2.2 (Signals and System)
2.3
2.3.1 Short Circuit
2.3.2
2.3.3
2.4
3
3.1
3.2 (dv/dt, di/dt)
3.3 ANSI/IEEE Surge Categories
11
25
25
32
34
41
44
50
52
52
55
61
62
67
71
75
77
78
85
86
1
3.4
9
87
90
4.1
4.2 TVSS Crowbar Devices
4.3 TVSS Voltage-Clamping Devices
4.4 LC Lowpass Filter
4.5
90
97
101
110
112
115
5.1 Metal Oxide Varistor

5.3
5.4
5.5
115
129
131
142
145
146
153
10
(Surge)
DIN Rail
dv/dt

dv/dt

DIN Rail
-
- dv/dt
- 3
- MOV
- LED
-
-
surgePRO LC FILTER : DIN Rail 3

- SPF101-20DIN 1
- SPF103-20DIN 3
- SPF105-20DIN 5
surgePRO LC FILTER
0-2918-7912 0-2918-9798
11
(Semiconductor
Devices)

(Transistor)

-

IC
1.
12

()
-
--

- -

TR
AC Line
Mobile
2 ()
-
13

-
-

2

PC
PC
PC
World Wide Web
PC
()
AC Line
TR
()
3
14
Control Line
Feedback Line
() (Plant)
3 ()
-
-
3 (Plant) (Controller
System) (Sensor, Measurement)
-

15
Note Tip
- By surgePRO LC FILTER : Plug-in model
...
...
surgePRO LC FILTER
dv/dt

16

(Digital Signal Processing)
-

- -

(Data)

(Digital Signal)

--

17

()

( )

(Optimum Power)
Power Quality
(Pure Sinusoidal)
(
)

18
(Optimum Power)
-
(Transient Voltage Surge Suppression)

(Voltage)
(Current) (Frequency)

2
(Transient)
Steady State

(
)
2

(Electric Utility)...
?

()

(Waveform)
(Main AC Line)
19

(

)
TR
AC Line ()
5 (Cap. Bank)
4

20
Transient

Steady State

Steady State

(Non-Linear)
4

Steady State

-
(Fundamental Frequency )

+V
-V
5 (AC)
1

21

2

3
(Surge)
ANSI/IEEE
4
(Surge)
-
5 3

(Main AC Line)
- (Communication Line)
- (Data Line)
5

2
ANSI/IEEE C62.41 ANSI/IEEE C62.45
22
Note Tip
(Noise Filter)
Noise Filter Filter

Noise Filter Ferrite
L1 L2
MOV dv/dt
MOV + Noise Filter 6kV
780Vp dv/dt ?

Line
- Line
MOV
C
C N
N
MOV Noise+Filter

6kV 850Vp
Filter

MOV + Noise Filter
only MOV

(Grounding System)

2

23

2
(Electrode Ground) (Ground Conductors)

Tower
Bulkhead
24
(Surge) dv/dt
...
?
- By surgePRO LC FILTER is Breakthrough Solutions.

-
- dv/dt
- 3
- MOV
- 2 Color LED
-
-
Model : SPF105-20PG
surgePRO FILTER : Plug-in

(Amplitude) dv/dt
surgePRO LC FILTER
0-2918-7912 0-2918-9798
25
29 .. 1831

1791-1867
Michael Faraday

Sir. Humphry Davy
1.1

Benjamin
Franklin

Flight of thunderbolts Schonland

26

(Break Down)
(Lightning)
Schonland

Wilson Investigations on Lightning Discharge
and on the Electrical Field of thunderstorm

Simpson Scrase

1.1
10
8
6
4
2

1.1
27
Wilson Simpson Scrase

Schonland
(Electric Flied Strength)

Leader
(Step)

( Leader
Streamer )
Retune Stoke Current

Leader
Streamer
Point of
Interception
1.2 (Leader (-) , Streamer (+))

Leader
(Leader)

Streamer
(Leader)
28
(Streamer) (Return Stroke Current )

1.2
Leader Streamer
( 90
1 )

1.1
1.2 Leader

Streamer
4 1.3
()
()
1.3
()
()
29
1.3

(Waveform)

IEEE (Institute Electric and
Electronic Engineering) 8/20 S (
3)
The Grounds for Lightning and EMP Protections
Roger R. Block Rise Time 2 S
Decay Time 10-45 S 18 kA
IEEE
1.4 (Multi-Stroke)
(Discharge)
1 (Discharge) 1
30
Multi-Stroke Multi-Stroke

Roger R. Block IEEE Std. 1100-1992
Stroke
Stroke Main Stroke Stroke 18 kA ( IEEE
Std. 1100-1992 20 kA ) Stroke 9 kA ( IEEE Std. 1100-1992
10 kA ) 1.5
1.5
1.5
18 kA 50
65 kA 10
140 kA 1
400 kA
31
Multi-Stroke

33 CIGRE WG 33.11 TF 3
Metal Oxide Arresters for Overhead Transmission Line
Multi-Stroke 70 1
- Rise Time
- Decay Time Duration

50
3
Note Tip
The First year of lightning location

data in THAILAND EGAT Lightning Detection Network
2538-2539
Thunderstormdays (Td) (Ground Flash Density
: Ng)
Ng = 6.5 10-5Td2.277
(1)
1.25
Ng = 0.04Td
(2)
Td 100-200 1 100 2
- Thunderstormdays 1 2538 - 31 2539 160
(
Thunderstormdays ... 50120)
- Highest Lightning Activity 14.00-18.00
- 95% Negative Flash (
Positive Flash 5%)
- (Positive Flash) 93% Single Stroke
-
32
1.2
(Direct Lightning) (Indirect Lightning)

(Main AC Line)
(Surge)
(Transient Overvoltage) (Magnetic Field) (Electric Field)
(Noise)
-

- IC (Integrated Circuit) - (Energy) 10-3 - 10-7

IC 8080
20,000 920,000
Chip Pentium 3
112

3
1.Atmospheric Transient
2.Earth Current Transient
3.Electromagnetic Pulse
33
Atmospheric Transient
Atmospheric Transient

-
(Main AC Line)
(, ) -
(Plant)

-
(Main AC Line)
(Couple)
Surge Transient Overvoltage Noise

Earth Current Transient

Downward (Leader) 0.2 / Upward (Stream)
100 /

34

(Potential)
-

Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)
Electromagnetic

Electromagnetic

Electromagnetic
-
Electromagnetic
(Transient Voltage)
Electromagnetic

Electromagnetic (Shielded)

1.3 -
- ?
2
-
Streamer

-
Roger R. Block The Ground for Lightning and EMP Protection
- 0.001
35
-

-
-
-
Sling
GUY
1.6 -
SELF
- -
-
-
-
-
() -
100 35 40
36
-
0.25 - 1.1
L = 377 / 2f
------------------ ( 1.1 )
f = (468 106) / 2H
H ()
-

-

-

-

-
Coaxial
- 2
(Induce)
()
Coaxial ( )
1.1 Coaxial (H)

37
()
( )
1.2 (H)
CG2
15-150
Coax 1/2
CG1
0-15
20
6
T/R
1.7 - ()
1.1 Coaxial
1.2

1.7 wiring
Coaxial 1/2
Coaxial 135 -
38
150 1.8 Coaxial 1.7

CG2
-
36 H
15-150
Coaxial
72 H
CG2
36 H
(36 // 72)
CG1
CG1
4 H
0-15
4 H
1.8 - Coaxial 1.7

- 1.1
0.25 Coaxial Interpolation
1.1 ( Coaxial 1/2" 135.156 72.09375 72
H )
Coaxial 1.7
- 2 CG1 CG2
EMP -
CG1 CG2 -
- Coaxial
24 H
CG1 Coaxial wiring Bulkhead
20 Coaxial 8.3 H
Coaxial 20 1.1
100
1.2
39
1
L(H) = {0.508S[2.303log10(4S/2)-0.75]}/100
----------------(1.2)
S ( )
d ( )
1.7 Bulkhead
6 0.162 (#6) Interpolation 1.2 2.4 H

1.7 1.9 (Branch)
Coaxial 1 H
Coaxial (8.3 H)
Coaxial - (Branch) Bulkhead
1 H
Bulkhead
24H
Coax 20
8.3H
1H
2.4H
4H
1H
24H
6
4H
Bulkhead
24H
27H
12.7
H
3H
1.9 - 1.10
1.9 27 H
- 18 kA Rise Time
40
2 S -

V
=
=
Ldi/di
(27H) (18kA) / (2S)
243 kV
12 kA
24 H
216 kV
4 H
27 kV
6 kA
18 kA
()
18 kA
216 kV
24 H
9.3 H
9.3 H
13.7 kA
27 kV
4 H
3.4 H
4.3 kA
4 H 3.4 H
Bulkhead
7.3 kV
()
1.10 1.7
- 18kA
41
-

1.10()
- Coaxial
1.10() Coaxial
Bulkhead
v = Ldi/dt 1.10() Coaxial Bulkhead
7.3 kV
Coaxial
-

EMP (couple)

( Exothermic Welding)

-
Arrester
Arrester 4
1.4 (Air Terminal)

1.1

42

Air Terminal
Benjamin Franklin
.

Benjamin Franklin .. 1952 Franklin Rod
Franklin Rod
1.11()

H
Flanklin Rod
r
()
Flanklin Rod
45
H
H
H
() Flanklin Rod
1.11 Flanklin Rod

1.11()

43
1.12 Faraday Cage

Franklin Rod Sir Michel Faraday Sir Michel Faraday

Sir Michel Faraday

Faraday Cage 1.12

1.13
44

Franklin Rod

1.11

Down Lead

( 2
)

( (Exothermic Welding) )
Earth Loop Current ( Ground Loop Current)
Earth Potential Rise (

Ground Potential Rise)
1.5 (Down Lead)

(Down Lead)

45

1.14
R
VR
VT
VL
1.14

Side Flashing
(Direct Lightning)
1.3

- (Main
AC Line) () (
)
- Earth Potential Rise

- Magnetic Field Couple

- Electric Field Couple

46
Magnetic Field Electric Field

1.15 Magnetic Field Electric Field
1.16 Triaxial

47

Triaxial Triaxial
THW 3595 sq.mm. THW
()

Side Flashing 1.17.
1.17 (Side Flashing)

Triaxtial
(Side Flashing)
THW
(Side Flashing)
Triaxtial
( ) (Side
48
Flashing)
THW

( )
THW (
)

60 35 sq.mm. 35 sq.mm.
1.6 H/ 0.005 /

18 kA Rise Time 1 S
18kA
VT
= VL + VR
VL
0.005
= Ldi/dt + IR
VT
= (1.6 H)(18kA / 1S) + (18 kA 0.005)
= 28,800 V / + 90 V/
1.6 H
VR
= 28,890 V /
60

= 60 28,890 V/
1,733 kV

Building Potential Rise
Building Potential Rise

(Rise Time) (10-6S S) (Amplihttp://www.oppo.co.th
49
tude) (Impulse) (Impulse)

(Infinite)

( )

50 Hz
1.18 (Skin Effect)

1

Earth
Potential Rise ( Ground Potential Rise) Earth Potential Rise

Earth Potential Rise
Ve
=
=
=
I R
30 kA 10
300 kV
1.19 Earth Potential Rise

I = 30 kA
Ve
R = 10
50

2
1.19 Earth Potential Rise
30 kA 10

Equipotential
1.6
-

(Air Terminal Down Lead
Grounding )
( 5 kHz - 1MHz)
51
(Surge) dv/dt
...
?
- By surgePRO FILTER is Breakthrough Solutions.

-
- dv/dt
- 3
- AC Induction
-
-
Model : SL6-10
surgePRO FILTER : Panel

(Amplitude) dv/dt
surgePRO FILTER
0-2918-7912 0-2918-9798
52
1745 - 1827
Alessandro Volta
20 .. 1800

Alessandro Volta

Alessandro Volta
2.1
1
(Lightning)
Transient Voltage

Transient Overvoltage Transient Voltage
? Transient Voltage

( 220-230V / phase )
53
Transient Overvoltage

?
() (Energy
Store Devices)
-

(Current) (Power) (Wave form) (Frequency)

-

(Energy Store Devices) (Inductor, L) (Capacitor, C)
(R) (L) (C)

(Magnetic Field)
(Electric Field)
(Instantaneous)
EnergyL
EnergyC
=
=
0.5LI2
0.5CV2
(2.1)
(2.2)
(Steady State)

(DC)
54
(AC)

(R)
I2R

(Transient)
(Steady State)
Note Tip
surgePRO LC FILTER
MOV MOV
85 (Surge) MOV
5.6 5.7
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV

Abnormal Over
Voltage MOV
MOV Abnornal Over Voltage MOV (Short Circuit)
surgePRO LC FILTER
MOV Abnormal Over Voltage

UL1449 Section 37.4 Abnormal over
voltage limited current requirements
MOV surgePRO LC FILTER (Abnormal over voltage)
55

( 2.1)

EMF (Electro
Motive Force) LdI/dt

( 2.2)

V = Q/C Q

2.2

Laplace Transform Fourier Transform Numerical Methods

(Solution not Theory)
56
(, , ...)

?

()

Transient 1
Transient 2
Transient 3
Steady State 1
Steady State 2
Steady State 3
(Amplitude)
4
220 V
2 3
1
2.1
57
Note Tip

surgePRO LC FILTER
surgePRO Telephone Line ...
58
( )
4 2.1 2.1

(R) (L) (C)
(
)
(R) (L) (C)
( Electric Circuit
Analysis David E. J. , Johnny R. J. , John L. H.)
2.1
4

(Original)
2.1 220 Volt
2.1
( 220 Volt ) (ON)
220 Volt
0 Volt 220 Volt

() 2 (
2.1 ) 4 (Oscillation)
( )
Transient

1
2 3 220 Volt
1 Overdamp
59
0 Volt 220 Volt (Time Constant)

(Steady State)
2
1
2 (220 Volt)
(Steady State)
Overshoot 2 Underdamp
3
3 2 3
overshoot 3 Criticallydamp
(Transient)

Natural
Response Natural

Rectifier UPS

Steady State
Steady State
2.1 220 Volt (
) 220 Volt
Force Response

60
(Sinusoidal)
2.1
(Transient)
(Microsecond) Time Division

() Underdamped
() Critically Damped
() Overdamped
2.2

Transient
Steady State
(ON)

(ON)
(OFF)

-

61

-
( )

2.2

( )

(
)
2.2
IEEE
(Surge) 3
2.3
Transient Voltage
(, )

(Fault)
(DC Circuit) (AC Circuit)
L1
L2
N+G
L3
2.3
62
Vm sin t
Short Circuit
2.3 ()
2.3.1 (Short Circuit)
2.3
(Fault) (Short
Circuit) (Ground Fault)

( Natural Capacitor)
(N+G)
Short Circuit

() Short Circuit
Current Zero
2.4 RL
63
RL
90 (
90 )
(Time Point) (Maximum Peak
Voltage) Short Circuit
(OFF)
(OFF)

2.4 Current Zero

Short Circuit
Short Circuit
Short Circuit

Short Circuit

(Fault) Short
Circuit ()
( 50 Hz )
(Transient Overvoltage)

2.3
()
LC LC RC RL
LC Time Constant Damping (Imaginary)
64
LC Damping
Damping Damping
(Oscillation) 1 2.1
(Natural Frequency)
2.3 Damping Damping
Undamp
f =
(2.3)
LC
2.4()

Current
Zero 2.5
Transient Recovery Voltage
Current Zero
Isc
2.5 Isc Current Zero
2.5
Current Zero Isc
Isc
50 Hz
65

1 mH 400 pF

f
=
=
2 ( 10-3 4 10-10)1/2
106
3.99
250 kHz

3.2 (Amplitude)
2.5 2

Cureent Zero
2.6
Fault Short
Circuit ()

Isc (Current Zero)
66
(Transient Recovery Voltage) (Amplitude)

2.7
Trnsient Recovery Voltage
Current Zero
Isc
2.7 Isc (Current Zero) :
(Asymmetric Curve)
Isc
Current Zero 2.5 2.7
Isc Current Zero
2.5
Laplace Transform
Isc Current Zero
(Initial Capacitor Voltage)

2.8
(Arc Voltage)

Isc 2.5
2.8
67
Isc
Arc Voltage
2.8 Isc Current Zero

2.3.2
2.9
2.9
90 2.9() ()

Current Zero
2.9()

(Isolation)
68
1
L1
L2
N+G
()
L3
()
V
V
()
2V
V
2.9
69
(Surge) dv/dt
...
?
- By surgePRO FILTER is Breakthrough Solutions.

-
- dv/dt
- 3
- AC Induction
-
-
Model : ST250-10
surgePRO FILTER : Panel
surgePRO
TEL Line (Amplitude)
dv/dt
surgePRO FILTER
0-2918-7912 0-2918-9798
70
2
(Connect) (Disconnect) (Connect) (Disconnect)
(Connect)
(Disconnect)

Open Circuit
2.10
2.9
2.10
(Vpeak)
(Vpeak) (Disconnect ; Open Circuit)

(Vpeak)
2.3.1 ISC (Current Zero)

2
2.3.1 Fault Short Circuit
() ISC
(Transient Recovery Voltage)
71
2 2.3.1
2.9 () (Transient
Current)
Surge Impedance
Surge Impedance
Surge
Impedance (LC)1/2
3Vp
Vp
Current Zero

2.11
2.11
2.3

3-4 ( 10
)
2.3.3 (Capacitor Stray)

2.12

(Steady State)
72

(Transient) (Turn on Operating Time)
(Turn off Operating Time)
Fault ()
(Transient)
(Steady State)

()
()
C1
C2
( Primary )
()

( Secondary )
C3
2.12
2.12 (, )
(Primary)
(Secondary)
73

2.12()
2.13 -

SW (Vpeak) (Coupling)
(Cs) (Transient)
(Steady State)
(Amplitude) 2
(Vs)

2.3
SW
Cs
Vp
L
C
Vs
Cs

2.13 (Turn On)
Load
74
(Turn Off)
(Magnetizing Current , Im)
Magnetic Flux
(Couple)
(Amplitude)
(Surge Impedance)
(Amplitude)
( V, I Z
) (Amplitude) 10

( Cut Off)
Cs
L
SW
Vp
Vs
Load
Cs
Flux
2.14 (Turn Off)

75
2.4

4 Under Damped, Critically Damped, Over Damped
Undamped

Undamped
Undamped
Time Constant Damping (Imaginary)
Damping Damping
( )

3
1.
2.

3. ( 2 )
2

-

Note Tip
surgePRO LC FILTER
- surgePRO LC FILTER : Panel model
Electrical Systems
Normal Line Voltage
Rate Current
No. Of Phase
Line Frequency
Model : SPF110-20PN
76
220 Vrms 15%

10 A
1 phase 3 wire
47 - 53 Hz
Protection Configuration
Installation
Serise
Protection Mode
All mode (L-N, L-G, N-G)
Response time
< 25 nanosec.
Isolation Resistance
1000 M
Leakage current
<10 mA at AC 230 Vrms
Surge Performance
1st Surge Current Rating
20kA for 8/20uS
2nd Surge Current Rating
13kA for 8/20uS
N-G Surge Current Rating
16kA for 8/20uS
Energy Absorption
> 380 J @ 2mS
Let through voltage
< 320 Vp at Cat. C1
Max Clamping Voltage (@ac 50 Hz)
320 Vrms
RFI/EMI Filter
Noise Filter by LC Filter@ 2KHz
Monitoring & Display
Protective Sensing
Thermal Fuse Inside MOV
Protective Display
Multi-Color LED Status
Reference Standard
ANSI C62.41-1991, UL-1449 (2nd edition 1996)
AS/NZS 1768-1991, BS-6651, IEC61643-1
Specifications subject to change without notice.

77
11 .. 1820

Hans Christian Oersted

Andre Marie Ampere
1
1775 - 1836 Oersted
Andre Marie Ampere

Andre Marie Ampere
Surge Categories
(Surge)
(Surge Categories)
(Wave form) (Surge Current)
(Surge Voltage)
(Electric Field) (Magnetic Field)
(Surge)
(Main AC Line)
(Communication Line) (Data Line)
78

TR
AC Line ()
3.1
2 (Impulse)
( )

(Amplitude)

(Surge Suppression ) IEEE

3.1
0.5 S-100 kHz Ring Wave
Ring Wave
- Rise Time = 0.5 S
- = 100kHz
79
V(t) / Vp
Rise Time 10% (Amplitude)

100 kHz Zero Crossing Peak 1 Peak 3
10 S (1/10S =100 kHz)
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.0
Rise Time = 0.5 S

10 S
10
Time (S)
3.2 0.5 S - 100kHz Ring Wave
20
40

A B A Surge Impedance 30
8 B Surge Impedance 12 3
A Open Circuit 6 kV
Short Circuit I = V/Z = 6 kV /
30 = 200 A
B Open Circuit 6 kV
Short Circuit I = V/Z = 6 kV /
12 = 500 A

0.5 S - 100kHz Ring Wave A B
3 Surge Impedance
( 2) Open Circuit
Short Circuit
3.7 A B
IEEE
80
(Main AC Line)

(Surge Voltage)

(Surge Current)

Surge Impedance

(Surge Generator)
A B

Surge Impedance
Surge Generator
()
Surge Impedance
1
Surge Generator
()
3.3
81

3 Surge (Surge Generator), Surge Impedance
(Equipment) - A B
PABX
Note Tip
surgePRO Signal Line

2

2

.........
surgePRO Signal Line
82
Surge Impedance 3.8

Wilson E. K. Musoke H. S. Electric Power Quality Control
Techniques A
20 B
MBD 10
Surge Impedance A B
3.3 () Open Circuit Open Circuit
A B
0.5 S - 100kHz Ring Wave
3.3 () Short Circuit Short Circuit

Surge Impedance
A B
Surge Impedance
(Amplitude)
0.5 S - 100kHz Ring Wave
1.2/50 S - 8/20S Combination Wave
Combination Wave B C
(Amplitude) B (Ring Wave) A IEEE
C 1.2/50 S
8/20S
8/20S
- Front Time
: 8 S (+10, -2.5)S
- Duration
: 20 S (+8, -4) S
1.2/50 S
- Front Time
: 1.2 S 0.36S
1
: 50 S 10S
Duration
V(t) / Vp
1.0
0.8
0.6
Front Time = 0.5 S

Duration = 50 S
0.4
0.2
0
20
40
100
60
80
Time (S)
() (Surge Voltage)
I(t) / Ip
1.0
Front Time = 8 S
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
83
Duration = 20 S
0
20
40
100
60
80
Time (S)
() (Surge Current)
3.4 Combination Wave
Combination Wave C
B B Combination Wave Ring Wave
Combination Wave
Front Time Duration Front Time
1.2/50 S Front Time
8/20 S 3.5 Front Time Front Time
84
Current
8/20 S 10% - 90% (Amplitude)

30% - 90% (Amplitude)
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
T2
T1
t10
t90
t53
t0
Time
3.5 8/20S Front Time Virtual Origin Duration
3.5 T1 T2
() Virtual Origin

Duration Virtual Origin

Virtual Origin (Amplitude) 50% (Amplitude)
Ring Wave Combination Wave

IEEE
IEEE

(Amplitude)
Duration
85
3.2

dv/dt
dv/dt 6000V/S
-
PABX
PN Junction
3.6 dV/dt
PN Junction
Mutual Capacitance
iC = Cdv/dt
C dv/dt
dv/dt 6000 V/S

B
NPN
PNP
P
N
P
E
c
c
P
N
P
c
c
3.6
--
dv/dt
dv/dt Lowpass Filter
86
3.3 ANSI/IEEE Surge Categories

Surge Impedance
3.7 A, B, C ANSI/IEEE
C

B

-

A
20 -
- A
- A A

C
87
3.2 1.2/50S - 8/20S Combination Wave

3.4
1 3

2
3 IEEE

88

Surge Impedance 3.7
31. 3.2 ANSI/IEEE

Multi-Stroke
Duration
3.1 3.2 ANSI/IEEE

4 5
Note Tip

Surge Diverter

..

780Vp 5
2000Vp ....
Surge
Diverter Spark Gap
Surge Divertet MOV
Spark Gap MOV
10-12
Decouple MOV
Spark Gap ...
Note Tip
surgePRO LC FILTER
- surgePRO LC FILTER : Plug-in model
Electrical Systems
Normal Line Voltage
Rate Current
No. Of Phase
Line Frequency
Model : SPF110-20PG
89
220 Vrms 15%

10 A
1 phase 3 wire
47 - 53 Hz
Installation
Serise
Protection Mode
Response time
< 25 nanosec.
1000 M
Leakage current
Surge Performance
20kA for 8/20uS
2nd Surge Current Rating
13kA for 8/20uS
16kA for 8/20uS
Energy Absorption
> 380 J @ 2mS
Let through voltage
< 320 Vp at Cat. C1
320 Vrms
RFI/EMI Filter
Protective Sensing
Protective Display
Multi-Color LED Status
Reference Standard
AS/NZS 1768-1991, BS-6651, IEC61643-1

90
..
1827
Georg Simon Ohm
1787-1854
Georg Simon Ohm
Georg Simon Ohm
[ Theory of galvanic electricity ]
4.1

4.1

91
4.1

-

92

(, )
( )
ANSI/IEEE IEEE
3.1 3.2

CIGRE
WG 33.11 TF 3 Metal Oxide Arressters for Overhead Transmission Line
70

Multi-Stroke
(Monitoring)

4.1
1
2

L1
L2
N+G
TVSS
L3
4.2
93
()
4.1
4.2
4.2 4.1
(Transient Voltage Surge Suppression , TVSS)
- TVSS
4.2
4.2 4.1
TVSS

TVSS
TVSS TVSS

4.1
TVSS
TVSS TVSS
( ) ( )

TVSS
2
1).
2).
4.3 TVSS
TVSS
Line (
) TVSS
Crowbar
TVSS
Voltage Clamping
TVSS Voltage Clamping
94
1

4.3
Line
Line
TVSS
TVSS
N+G
()
R ->
N+G
()
Line
Line
TVSS
N+G
()
TVSS
N+G
R -> 0
()
4.3 TVSS (,)

(,) N+G
TVSS 2
TVSS
4.4
TVSS TVSS
4.4()
TVSS Line
N+G ( N+G

)
95
1
Line
Isurge
TVSS
N+G
() TVSS
I
()
V I TVSS
Line
Isurge
Clamping
TVSS
Clamping
N+G
() TVSS
4.4 TVSS

TVSS ()
TVSS

TVSS
TVSS
TVSS Clamping (
TVSS )
Clamping TVSS
(Let Through Voltage) Clamping (
) TVSS TVSS
TVSS

Clamping
96
TVSS Clamping
TVSS
TVSS Clamping
4.4 TVSS (Energy Absorption)
TVSS 4.1
W
W
V(t)
I(t)
t0
t
V(t).I(t) dt
t0
{ }
(4.1)
TVSS (Energy Absorption)

TVSS Clamping
TVSS

4.1 V(t) I(t)

t0 0 ( Original) 4.2
W
VI tdt = VI(t -t0)

0
VIt
-(4.2)
4.2 TVSS
Clamping Clamping
TVSS

TVSS TVSS
TVSS

t
TVSS
97
(V, I, t) TVSS

4.4()

TVSS
TVSS

TVSS (Leakage
Current) TVSS

TVSS

(-) TVSS

4.2 TVSS Crowbar
TVSS Crowbar
Break
Down TVSS TVSS
TVSS
(Short Circuit) Crowbar Spark Gap, Gas
tube Surge Arrester Gas Tube Arrester
Spark Gap TVSS
TVSS

Spark Gap Carbon Block
(Air Gap) Spark Gap
Break Down 150 V
Break Down Ionize Break Down

TVSS Carbon Block

98
TVSS
TVSS Carbon Block

Spark Gap
Spark Gap
Spark Gap Spark Gap
Spark Gap
Gas Tube Surge Arrester Gas Tube Arrester
Gas Tube Surge Arrester ()
Break Down Gas Tube Surge
Arrester Gas Tube Surge Arrester Ionize
Gas
Tube Surge Arrester (10-3)
Gas Tube
Surge Arrester ( 1 pF 5 pF) Gas Tube Surge Arrester

V
Clamping
() Gas Tube Surge Arrester
td
V
Clamping
I
()
4.5 - Gas Tube Surge Arrester
Note Tip
surgePRO LC FILTER
- surgePRO LC FILTER : DIN Rail model
Electrical Systems
Normal Line Voltage
Rate Current
No. Of Phase
Line Frequency
99
220 Vrms 15%

3A
1 phase 3 wire
47 - 53 Hz
Installation
Serise
Protection Mode
Response time
< 25 nanosec.
1000 M
Leakage current
Surge Performance
20kA for 8/20uS
nd
2 Surge Current Rating
13kA for 8/20uS
16kA for 8/20uS
Energy Absorption
> 380 J @ 2mS
Let through voltage
< 320 Vp at Cat. C1
320 Vrms
RFI/EMI Filter
Protective Sensing
Protective Display
Multi LED Status
Reference Standard
AS/NZS 1768-1991, BS-6651, IEC61643-1

100
Gas Tube Surge Arrester

TVSS Gas Tube Surge Arrester
Break Down Gas Tube Surge Arrester
Ionize Gas Tube Surge Arrester
Ionize Gas Tube Surge
Arrester
Gas Tube Surge Arrester Ionize
4.5()
(Virtual Origin) (Td)
Break Down

-
4.5()
Clamping Gas Tube Surge Arrester
Clamping Clamping

Gas Tube Surge
Arrester Gas Tube Surge Arrester
(Main AC Line)

ANSI/IEEE Follow on Current
Follow on Current Gas Tube Surge Arrester
Current Zero Follow
101
on Current Gas Tube Surge Arrester

Follow on Current Gas Tube
Surge Arrester
(Amplitude)
4.3 TVSS Voltage Clamping
TVSS
(Non-Linear) TVSS Silicon
Avalanche Diode (SAD), Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV), Silicon Cabine, Selenium Cells, Zener
Diode
Metal Oxide Varistor TVSS

V
() Selenium Cell
I
()
4.6 Selenium Cell
Selenium Cell
Selenium Cell
Selenium Cell
Selenium Cell (Let Through Voltage)
Clamping Transient Voltage Suppression Device Harris Semiconductor Selenium Cell
Selenium Rectifier PN Junction
102
Reverse Break Down

Polycrystalline Cell
(Dissipation)
Selenium Cell

Zener Diode Silicon Avalanche Diode
Zener Diode
Silicon Rectifier Zener diode
Silicon Avalanche Diode
SAD Clamping TVSS
PN Junction

SAD TVSS

V
Max. I
() SAD
I
()
4.7 Silicon Avalanche Diode
Silicon Cabine Varistor
Metal Oxide Varistor Varistor
Silicon Cabine Varistor Variable Resistor

Voltage Dependent Resistor 4.3 (,)
103
() Silicon Cabine
I
()
4.8 Silicon Cabine Silicon

Cabine
Silicon Cabine TVSS
Silicon Cabine
(Leakage
Current) Silicon Cabine
TVSS Crowbar Spark Gap Gas Tube Surge Arrester Silicon Cabine
Silicon Cabine
Silicon Cabine
- TVSS
-
Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV)
Varistor Voltage Dependent Resistor
Non-Linear
Varistor Zener Diode
4.9 Varistor
Open Circuit
Varistor Varistor
Short Circuit
104
(Surge Current)
4.9 Varistor
Varistor Zinc Oxide Bismuth Cobalt
Manganese Metal Oxide Varistor Zinc Oxide
Zinc Oxide
Varistor Zinc Oxide
Zinc Oxide Varistor
Varistor 2.5 V 6000 V 30,000 A
10,000
4.10 Varistor ( SIOV Metal Oxide Varistors , Siements)
105
Microvaristor Zinc Oxide PN

Junction Zener Diode Microvaristor
Zinc Oxide Microvaristor 3.5 V Varistor
Microvaristor
4.10
Varistor
Zinc Oxide
Varistor Zinc Oxide
Varistor
Varistor Varistor
Microvaristor
Metal Oxide Varistor
MOV
Disk MOV Block MOV 4.11
Disk MOV
Block MOV
4.11 MOV ( Harris Semiconductor)

Metal Oxide Varistor 4.12 MOV L
Terminal MOV Rx Varistor
(0 ) Roff C
MOV Ron Zinc Oxide
106
( MOV)
Rx
(0.002 F)
Roff
Ron
(1-10)
MOV (
) MOV 109 (Rx )
Rx (Roff //
Rx = Roff) Ron
Roff ( Roff + Ron = Roff)
MOV 4.13
XC MOV

MOV
L
C
Roff
4.13 MOV (
Leakage Current)
107
Varistor ( Clamping)
Varistor
4.3
I = KV
(4.3)
I Varistor
V Varistor
K Ceramic ( Varistor)
(
4.14 4.4
= (log I2 - log I1) / (log V2 - log V1)
-(4.4)
4.14 Varistor
Varistor
108
4.14
Varistor Varistor
Varistor ( V2 V1)
Varistor ( I2
I1 )
= (log I2 - log I1) / (log V2 - log V1)
= (log 1 - log 10-9) / (log 470 - log 390)
= ( 0 - (-3)) / ( 2.67 - 2.59)
= 3/ 0.08
38
4.14 Varistor
10 103 A
Varistor Varistor
4.15
-4
L
Rx
4.15 Varistor ( Normal Varistor Operation 4.14)
Varistor 4.12 Rx
Roff Varistor

Rx
109
Roff
Rx ( Rx // Roff // XC = Rx Rx << Roff , XC )
Ron Rx
Rx (Rx >> Ron)
Ron
4.16 Varistor Static

Resistance
4.17 Varistor Dynamic

Resistance
110
Varistor Varistor
2 Static Resistance
Rx Varistor
Static Resistance 4.16 Dynamic Resistance
L (Terminal) Varistor 4.17
Upturn Region Bulk Zinc Oxide Zinc
Oxide (Ron) Rx
Varistor Varistor
Varistor
Upturn Region 4.18 Ron Rx
(Ron >> Rx) Rx
L
Ron
4.18 Varistor ( Upturn Region 4.14)
4.4 LC Low Pass Filter
Lowpass Filter (Amplitude)

A B Ring Wave 100 kHz
TVSS
TVSS
(Amplitude)
(dV/dt) 3.2
Lowpass
Filter
111
L
Line
N+G
4.19 LC Lowpass Filter
LC Lowpass Filter
Lowpass Filter 3
1 LC Lowpass Filter
(Main AC Line)

LC
Lowpass Filter Cut Off

50 Hz (VL = Ldi/dt)
2 LC Lowpass Filter

3 LC Lowpass Filter
Tuner LC Lowpass Filter

112
LC Lowpass Filter

LC Lowpass Filter
LC Lowpass Filter

LC Lowpass Filter
LC Lowpass Filter
LC Lowpass Filter

(Sinusoidal)

(
Square Wave) LC Lowpass Filter

4
4.5
TVSS (Leakage Current)
Follow on Current TVSS
Clamping
TVSS

TVSS Varistor
(Response Time)

(Response Time)
TVSS

PN Junction
113
Lowpass Filter
TVSS -
TVSS
Note Tip

IEEE
50 Hz 2-3
2542 Power Line Monitoring
620 Vac-rms

Over/Under Relay Protection

Auto-Magnetic Breaker
Auto-Magnetic
Breaker

Note
114
115

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff (.. 1847)
Kirchhoff Kirchhoff
1824 - 1887
Gustav Robert Kirchhoff

Gustav Robert Kirchhoff

MOV
MOV 2
(Transients) (Steady State) MOV

MOV
MOV 5
1. (Steady State)
(Maximum Continuous Operating Voltage , MCOV)
(Main AC Line) 220-230 V/Phase
1
2.
3.
4.
5.
116
MOV (Energy Absorption)

MOV (Surge Current Capacity)

(Power Dissipation)
Clamping (Let Through Voltage)
(Steady State Voltage Rating)

(Maximum Voltage
Operating Continuous MVOC ) MOV
MOV 2
MOV
MOV MOV

Clamping
Clamping
5.1
5.1 clamping @100A IEEE Std. C62-41

MOV (VMOV)
5.1
2 120 Vrms 270 Vrms
120 Vrms MOV
(VMOV) 130 Vrms 108.3%
MOV 150 Vrms 125.0%
117
MOV
MOV
MOV 130 Vrms 150
Vrms -
- Clamping MOV
150 Vrms Clamping MOV
130 Vrms MOV
MOV Clamping
Clamping MOV
130 Vrms Clamping
- Overvoltage Overvoltage
IEEE IEEE Std. 1100-1992
RMS (Root Mean Square) ( 50 Hz)
2-3 Overvoltage
Overvoltage ()
() MOV
Overvoltage MOV
Overvoltage
MOV Overvoltage
MOV
()
Overvoltage 600 Vrms 2-3
Clamping
5.1
120 Vrms Overvoltage 2-3 Overvoltage 140
Vrms MOV 130 Vrms
MOV () Overvoltage
MOV MOV
118
150 Vrms MOV Overvoltage

MOV
MOV
220 Vrms (L-N) MOV 275 Vrms
125.0% MOV 275 Vrms

(Energy Absorption)
(watt.second)
(
)

MOV

MOV 5.1
E
Vc
I
=
=
Vc(t) I(t) dt
KVcI
Clamping ( )

Duration
(5.1)
Ipk sin(t/)
Ipk(t/)
Ipk sin(t) e-t/
Ipk e-t/1.44
Ipk
5.2 Factor
119
120
1
K
; K K Duration
(Surge Current)
(Surge Voltage)
MOV
(Surge Current)
5.1 () MOV
130 Vrms (Surge Voltage)
MOV ( Surge Impedance) MOV 100 A Clamping
500 Vpeak MOV ?
100A
Ipk
0.5Ipk
50A
5S 50S
()
Ipk
100A
0.5Ipk
50A
100A
50A
Ipk
0.5Ipk
45S
()
()
5.1 MOV
5S
MOV
(Convolution)
121
Clamping
5.1
MOV 5.1()
2 5.1() 2
5.2()
5.2 5.1() 2
K 0.5 5 S 2 4
K 1.4 50 S - 5 S = 45 S

5.1

( 5.1 ())
E1
=
=
=
( 5.1())
E2
=
=
=
ET
=
=
=
KVcT
(0.5) (500) (100) (5 10-6)
0.13
KVcT
(1.4) (500) (100) (45 10-6)
3.15
E1 + E2
0.13 + 3.15
3.28
(Surge Current Capacity)

122
MOV
Log Duration MOV
5.8
Surge Impedance
5.2 VR
Clamping
MOV 5.3 Log
MOV
Zs
Voc
MOV
LOG VARISTOR (V)
5.2
VR = Voc - IZs (Load Line)
Clamp Voltage
VARISTOR V-I
Characteristic
Iv -Voc/Zs
LOG VARISTOR (I)
5.3 MOV V-I

(8/20 S 1 )

(Multi-Impulse Pulse Train) Duration
123
Duration
MOV
MOV

Log
() Duration
5.4 5.5
8/20 S
Log
MOV Duration
(Pulse Train)
5.1 Duration
Duration

( 2 5.2)
10 A Clamping 340 Vpeak 500 S
E
=
K.Vc.T.
=
0.5 340 10 500 10-6
=
850 mJ

( 4 5.2)
ETriangular
=
Eexp
850 mJ
=
1.4 Vc.I.exp
exp =
850 mJ / (1.4 Vc I)
=
850 mJ (1.4 340 10)
=
179 S
exp Duration
exp Log
Duration (Impulse Duration) 5.4 Duration
124
179 S MOV (V130LA-V300LA4) 10 A

104 Duration 20S
( 8/20 S) MOV 1,200 A
1
5.4 Log duration Harris

Semiconductor
5.5 Log duration Siement

Note
125
126
(Multi-Impulse Pulse
Train)
MOV
MOV
1 70%
-

(Power Dissipation Requirement)

MOV
MOV MOV
MOV
MOV
( Overvoltage) MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
85 5.6 - 5.7
5.6 MOV Harris Semiconductor

127
5.7 MOV Siement
5.8 Log MOV Harris Semiconductor
128
Clamping
Clamping
MOV Clamping
Clamping
Log
8/20 S 5.8 Surge
Impedance
5.3 Load Line Clamping
Clamping
Clamping ...

AS/NZS 1768-1991 CBEMA
(Computer Business Equipment Manufacture Association)
5.9 (Volt/Time Tolerance)

5.9 100
220 Vrms
129

Clamping
MOV (Pulse Trains)
100 S
300%
200-250% 622-677
Vpeak
Clamping
- 5.9


5.10 MOV Block MOV
MOV
MOV

MOV
MOV
Gas
5.10 MOV, Gas Tube Surge Arrester SAD
SAD
MOV
MOV MOV
130
MOV MOV

MOV
MOV
Open Circuit MOV
MOV
MOV Short
Circuit MOV
()
Line
FL
FMOV
MOV
N+G
5.11 MOV
MOV
MOV 5.11 FL Line
FMOV MOV FL

FMOV FL FL FMOV
FMOV (Arc Voltage)
Clamping MOV
(5-20 A) FMOV
MOV (
6)
131
MOV
2 (Thermal Fuse , 85 - 125 )
MOV (FMOV) MOV
FMOV 5.12
FL
Line
FMOV
MOV
N+G
AC Opto Couple
5.12 MOV
MOV AC OPTO Coupler
LED MOV
FMOV AC Opto Coupler
LED
5.3
(Main AC Line)

TVSS
-
- Leader TVSS
- MOV
- LC Lowpass Filter
-
- TVSS
132
MOV
TVSS
IEC
Line - 4
TN-C TN-S TN-C-S TT ( II )
TN-C TN-C ()
- (Earth) Protective Earth Neutral (PEN)
TN-C 5.13

Line
PEN
5.13 TN-C
TN-S

TN-S 5.14
Line
N
PE
5.14 TN-S
133
TN-C-S

(Bonding)
(N+G) Protective
Multiple Ground (PMG) TN-C-S 5.15
Line
N
5.15 TN-C-S
TT TN-S

TT 5.16
Line
5.16 TT

MOV

-

134
Line (220 Vrms)

MOV Line MOV
440 Vrms ( )
Leader MOV
MOV
MOV
5.17 MOV
MOV (Leader)

Line
FL
MOV
VClamping
Leader
VL
N+G
1). 2. Leader
5.17 MOV
(Let Through Voltage)
( Clamping MOV
MOV) Clamping MOV

Leader
( 7)
4 MOV

135
MOV TN-C

MOV 3 ( 3 )
MOV 5.18
L1
L2
L3
N+G
MDB
5.18 MOV TN-C
TN-C
MOV
MOV ( -10)
MOV TN-S TN-S
MOV
TN-C
5.19
136
L1
L2
L3
N
G
MDB
5.19 MOV TN-S
MOV TN-C-S
MOV
(Non N-G Suppression Mode) 5.20
L1
L2
L3
N
MDB
5.20 MOV TN-C-S
137
MOV TT TT

MOV
(N-G Suppression Mode)

(Noise)
L1
L2
L3
N
G
MDB
5.21 MOV TT
MOV
MOV
MOV
MOV
Line
Ron1
5.22 MOV
N+G
Ron2
138
MOV 4 MOV
( 4.18) Ron MOV
Ron
MOV (Harris
Semiconductor) MOV
(Let Through Voltage) 20
ANSI/IEEE C62.41 ( 8/20 S 1.2/50 S) Disk MOV 275 Vrms , Imax = 8,000 A
820 Vpeak
Disk MOV 275 Vrms 30
630 Vpeak
23% 5.23
Disk MOV 820 Vp
dv/dt = 6 kV/S
Disk MOV(30) 630 Vp
dv/dt = 5 kV/S
LC Filter 186 Vp
dv/dt = 2 V/S
Impulse Current 3 kA
5.23 ; Disk MOV, Disk MOV 30 LC Lowpass Filter

ANSI/IEEE Std. C62.41
MOV

Protection of Building and Plants with High Energy
Metal Oxide Surge Arrester B. Richter

139
Metal Oxide Surge Arrester MOV

Metal Oxide Surge Arrester
Metal Oxide Surge Arrester

Metal Oxide Surge Arrester Metal
Oxide Surge Arrester Spark Gap Metal
Oxide Surge Arrester
Lowpass Filter
Lowpass Filter
(dv/dt) 5.23
MOV
MOV (
Lowpass Filter)

LC Lowpass Filter MOV
LC Lowpass Filter
Line
FL
FMOV
N+G
5.24 Disk MOV 30 LC Lowpass
Filter
MOV
MOV
MDB
140

MOV

5.25
Breaker
Main Breaker
Breaker
Line
Breaker

LC Lowpass
Filter
5.25
MOV
MOV MOV
2 MOV
MOV
Line
Line Line
MOV MOV
Line Line
MOV 5.26
1
L1
L2
L3
141
L1
L2
L3
()
()
5.26 MOV 3
Note Tip
...

Square wave
Square Wave

Line Line 3 Line 30A
25A !!
3 1 .... ........
142
5.4

(Communication Line)
(Data Line)
2
(Amplitude) (Amplitude)
(220 Vrms) Gas tube Surge Arrester
Follow on Current

TVSS

TVSS TVSS
Follow on
Current TVSS TVSS

TVSS

TVSS
TVSS TVSS
5.27
Gas tube Surge Arrester
MOV SAD
MOV Clamping Gas Tube Surge Arrester
Clamping SAD SAD
143

TVSS TVSS
5.27
TVSS

TVSS
L1-L2 L1-G, L2-G
5.28
L1
L2
L1
L2
()
5.28 TVSS
()
144

TVSS
L1,2 - G TVSS
L1,2 - G TVSS L1-L2
L1 L2
TVSS
L1
L1
Output
Input
L2
L1
Input
L2
()
L2
L1
Output
L2
()
5.29 TVSS
5.29
5.29() Gas Tube Surge Arrester MOV SAD
L1,L2 - G
( 5.27
145
MOV SAD
5.29()
5.5
TVSS
-
-
-

TVSS

-

TVSS (Multiple Level Suppressions)

146
1

Bond

Line (220 Vrms)
MOV Line
Line
VL-N
VL-G
N
VN-G
G
1 MOV Bond (
220 Vrms
MOV

(Full Load)

()
MOV
147
(
) MOV Line

235 Vrms
Line 465
Vrms MOV (275 Vrms)
Full Load
2 Leader /
MOV LC
Lowpass Filter 2
L
Input
C Output
MOV
(1)
L
Input
MOV
C Output
(2)
2
148
Clamping
MOV LC Lowpass Filter
LC Lowpass Filter

3 MOV

MOV

MOV

Spike
Spike
MOV
4

LC Lowpass Filter

LC Lowpass Filter
( 1.73
Line)

5
MOV MOV

149

MOV MOV

MOV
6 Terminal MOV
MOV
MOV MOV
Terminal Terminal 2
Terminal

3 Terminal
7 MOV Leader
MOV Leader
( LC Lowpass Filter)

Leader MOV
MOV
4
1
Line
150
Line
N+G
N+G
(1)
(2)
4 MOV Leader
8 -

MOV -
-

5
5 -
151
9 -

150
6-7 10

DC
Power Supply

150
DC Power Supply

TR
GEN
LC
(Tx/Rx)
6

( S)
152
Lightning Counter (LC)

(Earth Current Transient) (Earth Potential Rise)
Stroke

( Neutral
Grounding in High-Voltage Transmission R. Willheim, M. Waters, R. Rudenberg)

DC Power Supply DC Power Supply

10 MOV Line
MOV

TT
Line MOVL-N
Line MOV
- MOV
Line- -
MDB
Line
N
120
7 MOV Line TT
153
1. ()

2. () 6
3. .
() 2539
4. Power Quality
Solutions - 2548 www.oppo.co.th
5. Power Quality Solutions - 2547
www.oppo.co.th
6.
Power Quality Solutions - 2548 www.oppo.co.th
7. IEEE Std. C62.41-1992 IEEE Recommended Practice on Surge Voltage in Low-Voltage AC
Power Circuit
8. IEEE Std. C62.45-1992 IEEE Guide on Surge Testing for Equipment Connected to LowVoltage AC Power Circuit
9. IEEE Std. 141-1993 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial
Plants
10. IEEE Std. 241-1990 IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power System in Commercial
Building
11. IEEE Std. 399-1990 IEEE Recommended Practice for Industrial and Commercial Power System
Analysis
12. IEEE Std. 242-1992 IEEE Recommended Practice for Protection and Coordination of Industrial
and Commercial Power System
154
13. IEEE Std. 1100-1992 IEEE Recommended Practice for Powering and Grounding Sensitive
Electronic Equipment
14. Transient Voltage Suppression Devices , Harris Semiconductor 1995
15. SIOV Metal Oxide Varistor , Siemens Matsushita Components 1997
16. M. Darveniza Lightning and Lightning Protection, University
of Queesland Australia
17. B. Richter Protection
of Building and Plant with High Energy Metal Oxide Surge Arresters September 21-25 , 1992
18. Peter L. Johnson Main Power Protection at the Point of Entry
19. J. Lundquist , L. Stenstrom , A. Schei B. Hansen New Method for
Measurement of the Resistive Leakage Current of Metal Oxide Surge Arrester s in Service
IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery Vol. 5. No4 November 1990
20. Michael D. Boyd Principles of Surge Suppression Technology Application ,
Power Quality Solutions 95 September 9-15, 1995 Long
Beach, California USA
21. Joseph A. Lanzoni The Impact of Lightning on Power Quality ,
Power Quality Solution 95 September 9-15, 1995 Long Beach,
California USA
22. Wilson E. Kazibuie , Musoke H. Sendaula Electric Power Quality Control Techniques , Van
Nostrand New York 1993
23. CIGRE WG 33.11 TF3 Metal Oxide Arrester for Overhead Transmission
Line
24. Roger R. Block The Grounds for Lightning and EMP Protection Section Edition
1993 USA
25. Harry B. Maybin Low-Voltage Wiring Handbook McGraw-Hill Inc. 1995
26. Allan Greenwood Electrical Transients In Power System Wiley-Interscience 1993
27. National Electrical Code 1996
28. A. P. Sakis Meliopoulos Power System Grounding and Transients Marcel Dekker 1988
29. C. Dennis Poole , Trevor E. Marks Electrical Distribution in Building Blackwell Science
1994
30. Timothy J. E. Miller Reactive Power Control In Electric System John Wiley&Sons 1982
155
31. F. D. Martzloff The Development of a Guide on Surge Voltage in Low-Voltage

AC Power Circuits 1995
32. Martin P. Corbett Surge Suppression Technologies Advantages and Disadvantages
(MOV, SAD, Gas Tubes, Filter and transformer) 1995
33. R. Willheim , M. Waters , R. Rudenberg Neutral Grounding in High-Voltage Transmission
Elsevier Publishing Company , London 1956
34. B. F. J. Schonland The Flight of Thunderbolts Oxford University Press 1950
35. C.T.R. Wilson, Investigations on Lightning Discharges and on the Electrical
Field of Thunderstorms Phil. Trans. Royal Soc., Series A, Vol. 221-1920
36. G. B. Simpson and F.J. Scrase The Distribution of Electricity in Thunderclouds
Proc. Royal Soc. Series A. Vol. 161-1937
37. Whitaker J. C. AC Power System Handbook CRC Press Boca Raton Florida 1991
156
157
Power Quality
1


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1

Transient Voltage Surge Suppression

OPPO Company Limited

1 (Lightning and Protection Guide)

5.1 Metal Oxide Varistor

surgePRO LC FILTER : DIN Rail 3

- By surgePRO LC FILTER : Plug-in model

MOV + Noise Filter

Flight of thunderbolts Schonland

Wilson Simpson Scrase

Retune Stoke Current

1.2 (Leader (-) , Streamer (+))

(Streamer) (Return Stroke Current )

- Decay Time Duration

The First year of lightning location

- IC (Integrated Circuit) - (Energy) 10-3 - 10-7

1.1 Coaxial (H)

150 1.8 Coaxial 1.7

1.8 - Coaxial 1.7

1.12 Faraday Cage

Earth Loop Current ( Ground Loop Current)

Earth Potential Rise (

- Electric Field Couple

Magnetic Field Electric Field

1.17 (Side Flashing)

tude) (Impulse) (Impulse)

1.18 (Skin Effect)

1.19 Earth Potential Rise

Earth Potential Rise

Laplace Transform Fourier Transform Numerical Methods

0 Volt 220 Volt (Time Constant)

(Transient Recovery Voltage) (Amplitude)

Transient Recovery Voltage

2.14 (Turn Off)

- surgePRO LC FILTER : Panel model

220 Vrms 15%

Specifications subject to change without notice.

Rise Time 10% (Amplitude)

Rise Time = 0.5 S

3.3 0.5 S - 100kHz Ring Wave

surgePRO Signal Line

surgePRO Signal Line

Surge Impedance 3.8

3.3 () Short Circuit Short Circuit

Front Time = 0.5 S

8/20 S 10% - 90% (Amplitude)

3.3 ANSI/IEEE Surge Categories

3.1 0.5 S - 100kHz Ring Wave

3.2 1.2/50S - 8/20S Combination Wave

Spark Gap MOV

220 Vrms 15%

Specifications subject to change without notice.

Georg Simon Ohm

[ Theory of galvanic electricity ]

4.3 TVSS (,)

TVSS (Energy Absorption)

4.1 V(t) I(t)

VI tdt = VI(t -t0)

() Gas Tube Surge Arrester

- surgePRO LC FILTER : DIN Rail model

220 Vrms 15%

Specifications subject to change without notice.

Gas Tube Surge Arrester