ME 3345 Heat Transfer

Week_1_2

Objective of Todays Class: - General statement of Fouriers law

- Develop Heat Diffusion Equation

- Discuss Initial and Boundary Conditions

Reading assignment Chapter 2

General Statement of Fourier's Law (Section 2.1)

For isotropic materials, k and other properties do not depend on the direction. The Fouriers law may be expressed in a vector form:

iqx

jq y

kqz T k n T T j k ) y z

qx qy qz

k T T k (i x

T k , x T k , y T k z

Thermophysical properties of materials K thermal conductivity cp specific heat thermal diffusivity

Temperature dependent

An example: The steady-state temperature distribution of a plane wall with no heat generation is shown below. Will its thermal conductivity increase or decrease with temperature? Solution: |dT/dx| increases with x. T

qx

k | dT / dx |

const. WHY?

k must decrease with x. Since T decreases with x, k decreases as T decreases x

Ein

Eout or qin

qout

qx is not a function of x.
See Fig. 2.5 in text book for temperature dependent thermal conductivity

Thermal Diffusivity,

[m2/s]

k cp

~ transport / storage

Thermal diffusivity is defined as the ratio of the thermal conductivity to the volumetric heat capacity ( cp). Low ~ slower response

It determines how fast heat propagates in a medium. The product cp [J/m3K] is the ability of a material to store thermal energy on a volume basis. Solids and liquids normally have a large volumetric heat capacity because of their densities are much greater than those of gases.

Heat Conduction Equation

Thus far, we have learned that heat diffuses in a stationary medium according to Fouriers Law. However, only in specific cases can this equation be used to directly tell us the temperature distribution in a solid.

Example: Plane Wall

q K, A = constant

T KA L

If q, K, and A are constant, then T/L is constant: Linear Temperature Distribution

L We must develop an additional analysis method in order to predict the general temperature distribution in a solid undergoing conduction heat transfer.

Differential Control Volume in 3-D

qz+dz
The 3-D Heat Diffusion Equation Can be derived from a differential Control volume. qx dz
dy

qy+dy

qx+dx
dx

qy
z

y
x

qz

Cylindrical Coordinates

(k T )

Spherical Coordinates

Boundary Conditions:

1. Specify boundary temperature

2. Specify heat flux

3. Convection (specify h and T ) Other: Radiation or combined.