]ythj;jpd; rpwg;G

fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;

vtnuhUtu; vd;kPJ gj;J jlitfs; ]ythj; $WthNuh
my; yh`{jMyh mtu; kP J E}W u`; kj; Jfis ,wf; F
fpd;whd;.
Gdpj ugPcd;E}upd ugPcd;E}upd ugPcd;E}upd ugPcd;E}upd ugPcd;E}upd; khjk; te;J tpl;lhy; NghJk; vy;yh
jp irfsp yp Ue; Jk; tre; jf; fhw; W tP Rfp d; wJ. ,d; Dap u;
K];j/gh md;dtu;fspd; mu;g;gzpg;ghsu;f
spilNa kfpo; r; rp nts; sk; ngUf; nfLj; J XLfpd; wJ.
tNahjp guhfl; Lk; > thyp guhfl; Lk; xt; nthU cz; ik
K];ypKk; cs;sj;jpd; ehtpypUe;J $Wfpd;whd;........
cdJ Mapuk; ngUehl;fspd; FJ}fyk;
xU ugPcy; mt;ty; kPJ mu;g;gzk;
,g;yPi]j;jtpu cyfj;jpy; midtUk;
kfpo;r;rp nfhz;lhLfpd;wdu;.
gpugQ; rj; jpy; epuhfupj; jy; > ,izitj; jy; > nfhLik>
muh[fk;> vDk; fLk; ,Us; #o;e;J ,Ue;jJ. mg;NghJ
ugPcd;E}upd; ugPcd;E}upd; ugPcd;E}upd; ugPcd;E}upd; ugPcd;E}upd; gd;dpnuz;lhtJ ehsd;W kf;fkh efupNy kf;fkh efupNy kf;fkh efupNy kf;fkh efupNy kf;fkh efupNy
]a;apjJdh Mkpdh mtu;fspd; ,y;yj;jpypUe;J
xU Ngnuhsp gpufhrpj;jJ. mt;nthspahdJ mizj;J
cyifAk; gpufhrpf;fr; nra;jJ.
mOJ Gyk;gpf; nfhz;bUe;j kdpj eadq;fs; vjpu;ghu;j;j
J}Jj; Jt kd; du; > egpj; Jt Nte; ju; > mUl; nfhilapd; fUT+yu; >
mwnewpfspd; KO tbthdtu; > my; yh`; ug; Gy; ,]; ]j; jpd;
md;G Neru;>kdpjj;Jt eyd; tpUk;Gk; khegp
md;dtu;fs; mizj;Jyfpw;Fk; mUshf ,k;kz;ZyfpNy
mtjupj; jhu; fs; .
tho;j;Jf;fs; ,Wjpj;J}ju; tUif je;jhu;fs;.
<Uyfj;jpw;Fk; mUl;nfhilahf tUif je;jhu;fs;.
tpbfhiy tre;jk;
egp khu; fSf; F Kj; jp iuahdtu; > <Uyf mUshsu; >
ghtpfis gupe; Jiu nra; gtu; > vopNahu; fspd; Ve; jyu; > ug; Gy;
MykPdpd; md;gpw;Fupatu;> Neu;ikf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhdtu;>
md;dtu;fs; Jd;GWk; ,jaq;fis ,jkhf;f
ugP cd; E}upd; gd; dpnuz; lhk; ehsd; W tpbfhiy NtiyapNy
,t;Tyfpw;F tUif je;jhu;fs;. te;J Mjutw;wtu;fSf;F
MjuTje;J> NtjidAilNahu;fSf;F itfiw je;J>
gytP du; fSf; F gyj; ij je; J> Nfhilapd; khiyia
tre;jj;jpd; tpbfhiyahf;fp tpl;lhu;fs;.
K];ypk;fNs! tpbfhiy tre;jj;jpd; tho;j;Jf;fs;
E}iu nghope;j thNu ngUkhdhu; tUif je;jhu;fs;.
,= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
tpbfhiy tre;jk;
,= -| -,- _|- = _

=
fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; Kd;dpiyapy; vd; ngau;
$wg;gl;L mtu; vd; kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNahmtu; xU Ju;g;ghf;fparhypNa.
,

=-| -,- _|- = _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

=
, = _._
01 02

mw;Gjq;fs;
ugPcd;E}upd; gd;dpnuz;lhk; ehs; my;yh`; tpd;
jpUnthsp md;dtu;fspd; mtjupg;G Vw;gl;l
clNd me;jfhu Nkfq;fs; mfd;Wtpl;ld. <uhd; kd;dupd;
fp ]; uh mur khsp ifap Ny G+ fk; gk; tp ise; Jtp l; lJ.
gjpdhd; F tisaq; fs (ARCH) tP o; e; Jtpl; ld. Mapuk;
tUlq;fshf vupe;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j <uhdpd; jPf;Fz;lk;
mize;Jtpl;lJ. ]hth vDk; ejp tw;wptpl;lJ. f/ghTf;F
cw; rhfk; gpwe; J tpl; lJ. NkYk; fw; rpiyfs; Fg; Gw
tpOe; Jtpl; ld.
cq;fsJ tuitf;fz;L igj;Jy;yh`; gzpe;J epd;wJ.
cq;fsJ mr;rj;jhy; fw;rpiyfs; eLeLq;fp tPo;e;jd.
ngUkhdhu; md;dtu;fs; ,t;Tyfpw;F
mUl;nfhilahfTk;> fUizf;flyhfTk; tUif je;Js;
shu; fs; . NkYk; ep r; rakhf my; yh`{ jMyhtp d;
mUl;nfhil ,wq;fpa jpdk; kpfTk; kfpo;r;rpaspf;ff;$ba
jpdkhFk;. my;yh`{jMyh $Wfpwhd;.
ju;[{kh fd;]{y; <khd;:-
eP q; fs; $Wq; fs; > my; yh`{jMyhtpd; mUisAk; > mtd;
fUiziaAk;> mtw;iw nfhz;L mtu;fs; kfpo;r;rp ngwl;Lk;>
mit mtu; fSila nry; t> nropg; G midj; ijAk; tpl NkyhdJ.
my;yh`{ mf;gu; my;yh`{ mf;gu; my;yh`{ mf;gu; my;yh`{ mf;gu; my;yh`{ mf;gu; !my;yh`{jMyhtpd; mUspd; kPJ
kfpo;r;rp nfhz;lhl jpUf;Fu;MNd fl;lisapLfpwJ. NkYk;
ekJ md;gpw;Fupa Nfhkhd; md;dtu;fis
tpl Nkyhd VjhtJ NguUs; xd;W ,Uf;fpwjh? ghUq;fs;
Gdpjj; jpUf;Fu;Md; vt;tsT njspthf mwptpf;fpwJ.
ju;[{kh fd;[{y; <khd; :-
ehk; cq; fis mizj; Jyfj; jpw; Fk;
mUshfNt md; wp mDg; gtpy; iy.
iyyJy; fj;iu tpl rpwe;j ,uT
`o;uj; ]a;apJdh N\f; mg;Jy; `f; K`j;jp];
nj`;ytp mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs; : epr;rakhf
cj;jk egp md;dtu;fs; gpwe;j ,uT iyyJy;
fj; u; ,uitp l kp fTk; rp we; jjhFk; .Vndd; why; kP yhj;
(cjajpd),uthdJ kjPdj;J khkd;du;
md;dtu;fs; ,t;Tyfpw;F tUifj;je;j ,uthFk;. Mdhy;
iyyJy; fj;u; khegp md;dtu;fSf;F mUsg;
gl; l ,uthFk; . ve; j ,uT kyf; Ffspd; tUifiaf;
nfhz;L rpwg;ghf;fg;gl;lNjh me;j rpwg;ghf;fg;gl;l ,uit
tpl fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fspd; %yk;
rpwg;ghf;fg;gl;l ,uNt NkyhdjhFk;.
ngUehl;fSf;nfy;yhk; ngUehs;
my;`k;Jypy;yh`; ugPcd;D}u; ugPcd;D}u; ugPcd;D}u; ugPcd;D}u; ugPcd;D}u; khjj;jpd; gd;dp
nuz; lhk; ehs; K]; ypk; fSf; F ngUehl; fSf; nfy; yhk;
ngUehshFk;. epr;rakhf ekJ jiytu; ehaff; Nfhkhd;
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; gj;J gj;J
jlitfs; ]ythj; XJfpwhNuh mtUf;F fpahkehsd;W vdJ \/ghmj; fpilf;Fk;.
K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau; $wg;gl;L
mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
03
04

md; dtu; fs; midtUf; Fk; mjp gjp ahf

cjakhftp y; iynad; why; ve; jnthU ngUehSk;
ngUehshf ,Uf;fhJ. ve;jnthU ,uTk; Gdpj ,uthf
(guhmj; jhf) mikahJ. mfp yj; jp d; cap u; ehbahd>
<Uyfj;jpw;Fk; u`;kj;jhd> kp/uh[py; my;yh`; it
fz;ltu;fshd> my;yh`; tpd; k`;G+g;
md;dtu;fSila fhyb J}rpapd; nghUl;lhy; jhd; cyfk;
KOf;f ,e;j ngUkpjk; Nfhyhfykhf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
md;dtu;fs; ,y;yhjpUe;jhy; xd;Wkpy;iy>
md;dtu;fs; ,y;iynad;why; xd;Wkpy;iy-
md;dtu;fs; cyfpw;F capu;ehbahFk;
capu;ehb ,Ue;jhy;jhd; cyfk; ,Uf;Fk;. ;
mG+y`g; ,we;j gpd;dhy; mtd; FLk;gj;jpdu;fs; mtd;
kpfTk; f\; lj; jpy; ,Ug; gij fdtpy; fz; ldu; . vd; d
MdJ vd; W Nfl; ljw; F cq; fisg; gp up e; J vdf; F
ve;jnthU eyTkpy;iy. vdf; $wptpl;L jdJ ngUtpuypd;
fP o; cs; s Xl; ilapd; gf; fk; irf; fpid nra; jtdhf
mbikg; ngz;zhd ]{itghit tpLjiy nra;j ,e;j
tpuypy; ,Ue; Nj vdf; F jz; zPu; fpilf; fpwJ vdf; $wpdhd; .
`o;uj; my;yhkh gj;Uj;jPd; ma;dp mtu;fs;
mwp tp f; fp whu; fs; . ,e; j irf; fp idap d; mu; j; jk;
vd;dntd;why; mjhtJ vdf;F nfhQ;rk; jz;zPu;jhd;
toq;fg;gLfpwJ vd;gjhFk;.
K];ypKk; kPyhJk;
,e; j up thaj; ijf; nfhz; L ]a; ap Jdh N\f;
mg; Jy; `f; K`j; jp]; nj`; ytp mtu; fs;
mwp tp f; fp whu; fs; . ,e; j rk; gtj; jp Ny kP yhj; \uP g;
nfhz;lhLgtu;fSf;F khngUk; Mjhuk; cs;sJ. vtu;fs;
ngUkhdhu; md;dtu;fspd; gpwe;j jpdj;jpNy
re; Njh\k; nfhz; lhLfp whu; fNsh> gzk; nrytop f;
fp whu; fNsh mjhtJ mG+ y`igg; Nghd; w xU fh/
gpuhdtd; mz;zyhu; md;dtu;fs; gpwe;j
nra;jpiaf; Nfl;L> re;Njh\k; mile;J jdJ mbikg;
ngz; zhd ]{itghit ghY}l; Ltjw; fhf tp Ljiy
nfhLj; jjd; fhuzkhf $yp ngw; Ws; shd; vd; why;
md; dtu; fSila kP yhjp w; fhf re; Njh\kilfp d; w>
gzj; ij nrytop f; fp d; w xU K]; yp Kila ep iy
vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;..?
Mdhy; kPyhj; \uP/gpd; ,j;jifa epfo;r;rpfspy; ghl;L>
,ir epfo;r;rp Nghd;wij jLg;gJ mtrpakhFk;.
kPyhj; tpohit Muthukhf nfhz;lhLq;fs;
,dpikahd ,];yhkpa rNfhju;fNs ! kPyhj; tpohit
kdKte; J nfhz; lhLq; fs; . mG+y`igg; Nghd; w fh/
gpUf; Fk; md; dtu; fspd; gpwg; igf; nfhz; L re; Njh\k;
mile; jjw; fhf ntFkjp fp ilj; jnjd; why; > ehNkh
my; `k; Jypy; yh`; K]; ypk; fs; . mG+y`ghdtd;
my; yh`; tpd; u]{y; vd;w vz;zj;jpy;
khegp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kP J nts;spf;fpoik ehspy;
]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;.
K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau;
$wg;gl;L mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,= -| -,- _|- = _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

=
,= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,= -| -,- _|- = _

=
05 06

kfp o; r; rp milatp y; iy. khwhf rNfhjuup d; kfd;

vd; gjw; ; fhf kfpo; r; rp mile; jhd; . MdhYk; mtDf; F
ntFkjp fpilj;jJ. ehNkh my;yh`; tpd; jpUg;
nghUj;jw;jpw;fhf jiytu; Nfhkhd; md;
dtu;fspd; cjajpd kfpo;it nfhz;lhLNthNk ahdhy;
vg;gb ew;ghf;fpak; fpl;lhky; Ngha;tpLk;?
Mkpdhtpd; tPl;by; ]a;apJy; mg;uhu; tUif je;jdu;
ftiy nfhz;ltu;fNs re;Njh\k; milAq;fs;
ftiy jPu;g;gtu; te;Jtpl;ldu;
kPyhj; nfhz;lhLgtu;fNshL khegp
md;dtu;fs; kfpo;r;rp milfpwhu;fs;.;
xU Mypk; ]h`pg; mtu;fs;
mwptpf; fpwhu; fs; . my; `k; Jypy; yh`; ehd; fz; kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fis fdtpy; fz;L ahu#yy;yh`;!
xt; nthU tUlKk; K]; yp k; fs; jhq; f
Sila kPyhij nfhz;lhLtij jhq;fs; tpUk;GfpwPu;fsh?
vd; W Nfl; Nld; .mjw; F mz; zyhu; md; dtu; fs;
jpUTskhdhu;fs;: ahu; ek;ikf; nfhz;L kfpo;r;rp mil
fpwhu;fNsh ehk; mtiuf; nfhz;L kfpo;r;rp milfpNwhk;.
cjajpd kfpo;tpNy nfhbfs;
]a;apjJdh Mkpdh mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;.
%d; W nfhbfs; el; lg; gl; lij ehd; ghu; j; Njd; xd; W
fpof;fpNy>,uz;lhtJ Nkw;fpNy> %d;whtJ f/gJy;yh`;
tpd; $iwapNy mg;NghJ mz;zy; egp
md; dtu;fs; mtjupj;jhu;fs;.
[pg;uPNy mkPd; nfhbia el;bdhu;fs; f/ghtpd; $iwapNy
mu;\; tiu nfhb gwe;jJ cjajpdj;jpNy
nfhbAld; Cu;tyk;
u`;kJy;ypy; MykPd; md;dtu;fs; Gdpj
kjPdhit Nehf;fp `p[;uj; nra;J kjPdhtpd; mUfpNy
GfkPk; vDk; Ciu mile;jNghJ BGiujh m];ykp
vd;gtu; gzP]`k; Nfhj;jpuj;jhupd; vOgJ gilfisj;
jpul;bf; nfhz;L ngUkhdhu; md;dtu;fis
ifJ nra; a te; jhu; >Mdhy; fz; kdp ehafk;
md; dtu; fspd; mUs; ghu; itahy; > md; d
tu; fsp d; md; gp Ny ifjhfp midtUNk ,]; yhkp a
nfhs;ifia Vw;W K];ypkhf khwptpl;ldu;. gpd;G mtu;fs;
ahu]{yy; yh`; ! kjPdh Kdt;tuh
efuj;jpNy jhq;fs; gpuNtrk; nfhbAlNdNa
,Uf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W $wp jiyg;ghifia fyl;b xU
<l;bapNy fl;b kjPdj;J khNte;juhd> ,jaj;jpw;F ,jkhd
khegp md;dtu;fSf;F Kd;Nd nrd;whu;.
,iwtdpd; k`;G+g; tUif jUfpwhu;fs; ,d;W
egpkhu;fspd; jiytu; tUif jUfpwhu;fs;
khegp md; dtu; fs; $wpdhu; fs; : ahu; vd; kP J nts; spf; fpoik ehspy;
]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;.
mz; zy; egp md; dtu; fs; $wp dhu; fs; : vd; kP J ]ythj; XJtij
mjpfg;gLj;Jq;fs;> epr;rakhf ,J cq;fSf;F gupRj;jkhFk;
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
, = _._
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
-- = .- -
07
08

VNdh #oy; kdkdf;fpwJ

VNdh tPl;Lf;FtPL n[hyp n[hypf;fpwJ
Mkhk; ,iwtdpd; Neru; tUif jUfpwhu; fs;
ngUehl;fSf;nfy;yhk; ngUehs; te;jJ
,iwtdpd; mUis nfhz;L te;jJ
thup toq;Fk; ty;yy; md;dtu;fs; tUif jUfpwhu;fs;
`{u;yPd;fs; egpGfo; ghlj; Jtq;fpdhu;fs;
`{u; kw;Wk; kyf;Ffspd; jiytu; tUif jUfpwhu;fs
mfpyj;jpd; mjpgjp egpkhu;fspd; jiytu; md;dtu;fs;
Mkpdh ckJ tPl;Lf;F tUif jUfpwhu;fs;
mj;jhu; ,d;W Mde;jj;jpy; %o;fp cs;shu;fs; Jd;ahtpy;
mtu;fspd; cs;sk; ftu;e;jtu;fs; tUif jUfpwhu;fs;
kPyhj;tpoh nfhz;lhLk; FLk;gk;
kjP dh Kdt; tuht kjP dh Kdt; tuht kjP dh Kdt; tuht kjP dh Kdt; tuht kjP dh Kdt; tuhtp Ny p Ny p Ny p Ny p Ny fz;kdp
ehafk; md;dtu;fs; kPJ msT fle;j Nerk;
itj;j ,g;uh`Pk; vDk; xUtu; tho;e;J te;jhu;. mtu;
vg;NghJNk `yhyhd (MFkhd) up];ifNa rk;ghjpj;jhu;.
jdJ rk;ghj;jpaj;jpy; ghjp ghfj;ij kPyhj; nfhz;lhL
tjw;fhf Ntz;bNa jdpahf Nrkpj;J te;jhu;. (M`; !
ehKk; ekJ rk; ghj; jpaj; jpy; ghjpia ,y; yhtpl; lhYk;
gd;dpnuz;L tPjkhtJ my;yJ xU tPjkhtJ kPyhjpw;fhf
xJf;fp mjid jPDila Ntiyfspy; nryT nra;a cWjp
nfhz;lhy; .......) ugPcd;E}u; ugPcd;E}u; ugPcd;E}u; ugPcd;E}u; ugPcd;E}u; khjk; cjakhdJNk ngUq;
nfhz;lhl;lkhf mNj rkak; \uPmj;jpw;F cl;gl;L kPyhj; kPyhj; kPyhj; kPyhj; kPyhj;
tpohit tpohit tpohit tpohit tpohit mjptpkupirahf elj;jp te;jhu;. my;yh`{jMyh
tpd; Neruhd fz; kdp ehafk; md; dtu; fspd;
<]hNy rthGf;fhf epiwa fe;J}up nfhLj;jhu;. ey;y
ey; y fhup aq; fsp y; gzj; ij nrytop j; jhu; . mtup d;
kidtpAk; mz;zyhu; md;dtu;fs; kPJ
mjpf Nerk; itj;jpUe;jhs;. mtSk; fztUld; Nru;e;J
vy;yh fhupaq;fspYk; rk;G+u;zkhf cjtp nra;J te;jhs;.
mtu; kidtp xU ehs; ,we; J tp l; lhs; . MdhYk;
mtUila <Lghl;by; ve;jtpj khw;wKk; Vw;gltpy;iy.
fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; kPJ
mjpfkhf Nerk; itj;jpUe;j me;j ,g;uh`Pk; vd;gtu;
xU ehs; jdJ thypg kfid mioj;J t]pa;aj; nra;jhu;.
vd; md; G kfNd! ,d; wpuT ehd; kuzpj; J tpLNtd; .
vd; Dila KO nrhj; jhf Ik; gJ jpu; `k; fSk; > gj; njhd; gJ
Kyk; JzpAk; cs;sJ. Jzpia vd;Dila fgDf;F
gad;gLj;jp tpL> kPjp ,Uf;Fk; gzj;ijAk; Kbe;j msT
ey;y fhupaq;fspy; nryT nra; vd;W $wpa gpd; mtu;
fypkh ja;apghit Xjpdhu;. gpd;G mtupd; cliy tpl;Lk;
capu; gpupe;J tpl;lJ. je;ijapd; t]pa;aj; gpufhuk; kfd;
mtiu mlf; fk; nra; J tpl; lhd; . ,g; nghOJ Ik; gJ
jpu;`k;fisAk; ey;y fhupaq;fspy; vt;thW nrytopg;g
njd;W mtDf;F Gupatpy;iy. mNj epidthf mtd;
,Ue;jNghJ mtDf;F cwf;fk; te;Jtpl;lJ. cwf;fj;jpNy
mtd; xU fdT fz;lhd;. fdtpNy fpahkj; ehs; te;J
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ePq;fs; vq;fpUe;jhYk; vd; kPJ
]ythj; $Wq;fs;> Vnddpy; cq;fs; ]ythj; vd;id te;jilfpd;wJ.
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ gj;J Kiw ]ythj;
XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtupd; kPJ E}W u`;kj;Jf;fis mUSfpd;whd;.
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
09 10

tpl;bUe;jJ. vy;NyhUNk eg;]P> eg;]P vd;W gupjtpj;Jf;

nfhz; bUe; jdu; . ghf; fparhypfs; Rtdj; ij Nehf; fp nrd; Wf;
nfhz;bUe;jdu;. Fw;wthspfis ,Oj;J> ,Oj;J eufj;jpd;
gf;fk; nrYj;jpf;nfhz;bUe;jdu;. ,td; jdpahf epd;W
jtpj;Jf;nfhz;L mtDf;F vd;d jPu;g;G toq;fg;gLNkh
vd;W gae;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. jpBnud kiwthd mruPup
xd;W Nfl;lJ. ,e;j thypgid Rtu;f;fj;jpw;F mDg;Gq;fs;.
vdNt me; j thypgd; kpfTk; re; Njh\j; Jld; Rtu; f; fj; jpw; F
nrd;Wtpl;lhd;. Rtu;fj;jpNy re;Njh\khf miye;J jpupa
Muk;gpj;jhd;. VO tifahd Rtu;f;fj;ijAk; Rw;wpg;ghu;j;J
tpl;L mtd; vl;lhtJ Rtu;f;fj;ij mile;j NghJ mjd;
fhtyhspahd upo;thd; mtu;fs; ugPcd;E}upd; ugPcd;E}upd; ugPcd;E}upd; ugPcd;E}upd; ugPcd;E}upd; khj
j;jpNy ehafk; md;dtu;fSila kPyhij
ahu; kpfTk; re;Njh\khf nfhz;lhbdhu;fNsh mtu;fs;
kl; LNk ,e; j Rtu; f; fj; jp Ny Eioa KbAk; vd; W
$wpdhu;fs;. mijf; Nfl;lJk; mtDila ngw;Nwhu;fs;
(ku;`{ikd;) ,Nj Rtu;f;fj;jpy; jhd; ,Ug;ghu;fs; vd;W
mtDf;F Njhd;wpaJ. mjw;Fs; xU rj;jk; Nfl;lJ ,e;j
thypgid cs;Ns tutpLq;fs;> mtDila ngw;Nwhu;fs;
mtid re;jpf;f tpUk;Gfpd;wdu; vdNt mtd; cs;Ns
GFe;jhd;. mq;Nf mtd; fz;l fhl;rp mtDila jha;
nfs]u; vDk; ejpf;fUfpy; mku;e;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. gf;fj;jp
NyNa rp k; khrdk; xd; W ,Ue; jJ. mjp y; xU mjp
Nkd; ikahd ngz; kdp mku; e; jp Uf; fp whu; fs; . mtiu
Rw;wpYk; ehw;fhypfs; mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. mjpNy gy
fk;gPukhd ngz;kzpfs; mku;e;jpUe;jdu;. ,td; thdtu;
xUtiu Nfl;fyhdhd;> ,e;j ngz;kdpfs; ahu;? mtu;
$wpdhu; . mNjh rpk; khrdj; jpNy mku; e; jpUf; fpwhu; fNs
mtu; fs; jhd; Rtu; f; fj; Jg; ngz; kzp fsp d; jiytp
]a; apjJdh /ghj; jpkh z]`; uh Mthu; fs; .kw; w
ehl;fhypfspy; mku;e;jpUg;gtu;fs; ]a;apjJdh fjP[Jy;
Fg;uh>]a;apjJdh Map\h ehafp >]a;apjJdh ku;ak;>
]a; ap jJdh M]p ah>]a; ap jJdh ]huh>]a; ap jJdh
`h[uh> ]a;apjJdh uhgpah> ]a;apjJdh z]{igjh
Mthu; fs; .mijf; Nfl; l mtd; kp fTk;
kfpo;r;rp mile;jhd;. gpd;G mtd; NkYk; Kd;Ndwpr;
nry; yyhdhd; . mq; Nf ,d; DnkhU fhl; rp njd; gl; lJ.
khngUk; rpk;khrdk; xd;W mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ> mjpy;
kjPdj;J khNte;ju;> <Uyf mUshsu;> Nfs;tp fzf;F
ehspy; \/ghmj; nra; Ak; Ve; jy; > <Uyf ,ul; rfu; > my; yh`;
tpd; `gPg;> m`;kNj Kf;jhu; md;d
tu;fs; jkJ xspnghUe;jpa jpU Kfj;Jld; mq;Nf mku;e;
jpUe;jhu;fs;. md;dtu;fis Rw;wpYk; ehd;F ehl;fhypfs;
Nghlg;gl;bUe;jd. mitfspy; Fy/ghNa uh\pjPd;fs;
mku;e;jpUe;jdu;. tyJ gf;fj;jpy; jq;f ehl;
fhypfspy; rq;ifahd egpkhu;fs; mku;e;jpUe;jdu;>
,lJ gf; fj; jp y; fz; zp akp f; f \{`jhf; fs; mku; e;
; jpUe; jdu; . ,jw; fpilapy; kuzpj; j jd; Dila je; ij
,g;uh`Pk;>fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fSf;F
mUfhikapy; $l;lj;Jld; mku;e;jpUg;gij fz;lhd;. jd;
kfidg; ghu;j;jJk; je;ijahu; mtid khu;NghL Nru;j;J
midj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;. mtd; kpfTk; re;Njh\k; mile;J
jdJ je; ijia Nehf; fp Nfl; fyhdhd; > vd; mUik
je; ijNa! jq; fSf; F ,e; j cau; e; j me; j]; J vg; gb
fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; : ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau; $wg;gl;L>
mtu; vd; kPJ ]ythj; $wtpy;iyNah mtu; kdpju;fspNy kpfTk; fQ;rdhthd;.
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: nts;spf;fpoik jpdk; ahu; vd; kPJ ,UE}W
Kiw ]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh mtuJ ,UE}W Mz;L ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
;:.| -,-
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
, - _|- = _=_
,,- _|- = _=_
;:.| ,,,-
,- _|- = _=_
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
11 12

fpilj;jJ ? mjw;F mtu; my;`k;Jypy;yh`; ,J

kPyhij nfhz;lhbajw;fhd gpujpgyd; vd;W gjpyspj;jhu;.
mjw;f;Fg;gpd; me;j thypgd; tpopj;Jf; nfhz;lhd;.
fhiyap NyNa mtd; jd; tP l; il kp fTk; Fiwe; j
tpiyf;F tpw;Wtpl;lhd;. mtDila je;ij tpl;Lr; nrd;w
Ik;gJ jpu;`k;fSld; jdJ gzj;ijAk; Nru;j;J tpUe;J
Vw;ghL nra;J> gy cykhf;fisAk;> Nguwpthsu;fisAk;
mioj;J tpUe;Jgrhuk; nra;jhd;. mtDila cs;sk;
Jd; ahit tpl; Lk; Nrhu; T mile; Jtpl; lJ. mjpfkhd
Neuj;ij gs;sp thrypNyNa ,ghjj; nra;tjpYk;> mjpy;
gzptpil nra; tjpYk; <LgLj; jpdhd; . jdJ tho; tpd;
vQ;rpa Kg;gJ tUlq;fisAk; ,t;thNw fopf;fyhdhd;.
mtd; kuzpj;j gpd; mtid fztpy; fz;l xUtu; vd;d
ele; jJ ? vd; W Nfl; f> ehd; kP yhij nfhz; lhb ehd; kP yhij nfhz; lhb ehd; kP yhij nfhz; lhb ehd; kP yhij nfhz; lhb ehd; kP yhij nfhz; lhb
FJ}fyk; mile; jjhy; Rtu; f; fj; jpNy vd; je; ij Ald; FJ}fyk; mile; jjhy; Rtu; f; fj; jpNy vd; je; ij Ald; FJ}fyk; mile; jjhy; Rtu; f; fj; jpNy vd; je; ij Ald; FJ}fyk; mile; jjhy; Rtu; f; fj; jpNy vd; je; ij Ald; FJ}fyk; mile; jjhy; Rtu; f; fj; jpNy vd; je; ij Ald;
,Uf; fp d; w ghf; fp aj; ij ngw; Wf; nfhz; Nld; ,Uf; fp d; w ghf; fp aj; ij ngw; Wf; nfhz; Nld; ,Uf; fp d; w ghf; fp aj; ij ngw; Wf; nfhz; Nld; ,Uf; fp d; w ghf; fp aj; ij ngw; Wf; nfhz; Nld; ,Uf; fp d; w ghf; fp aj; ij ngw; Wf; nfhz; Nld; vd
gjpyspj; jhd; .
my; yh`; tp d; NguUs; mtu; kP J nghsp al; Lk; . mtup d;
nghUl;lhy; ekJ ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gll;Lk;.
vdJ gl;Nlhiy ghtj;jhy; epuk;gp cs;sd
,iwth kd;dpj;jUs;thahf kPyhjpd; nghUl;lhy;.
kPyhj; tpoh nfhz;lhLtjd; ed;ik.
N\f; mg; Jy; `f; K`j; jp]; nj`; ytp mtu; fs;
mwptpf; fpwhu; fs; .fz; kdp ehafk; md; dtu; fs;
gpwe;j ,utpy; re;Njh\k; nfhz;lhLgtu;fSf;F fpilf;Fk;
gpujpgyd; vd;dntd;why;>my;yh`{jMyh jdJ fUiz
iaf; nfhz; L [d; dhJd; e<kpy; Eioa itg; ghd; . K]; ypk;
fs; Jtf;fj;jpypUe;Nj kPyhij nfhz;lhb tUfpwhu;fs;.
NkYk; gpwe;j jpd re;Njh\j;jpNy tpUe;Jfs; nfhLg;gtu;
fshfTk; > rhg; ghL Vw; ghL nra; gtu; fshfTk; > ]jfhf; fSk; >
jhdjUkq; fSk; nfhLg; gtu; fshfTk; >re; Njh\j; ij
ntsp g; gLj; Jgtu; fshfTk; > kdk; jp we; J nrytop g;
;gtu;fshfTk; NkYk; fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fs; gpwe;j jpdj;ij Qhgfk; nra;Ak; epfo;r;rpfis
Vw;ghL nra;tNjhL jdJ ,y;yq;fisAk; myq;fupf;fp
d; whu; fs; . ,t; thwhd ey; y tp laq; fsp d; gufj; jhy;
,g;gbahd kdpju;fs; kPJ my;yh`; tpd; u`;kj;
,wq; fpf; nfhz; bUf; fpwJ.
a`{jpfSf;Fk; <khd; fpilj;Jtpl;lJ.
`o;uj; ]a;apJdh mg;Jy; th`pj; gpd; ,];khapy;
mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. kp];upNy fz;kdp
ehafk; md;dtu;fs; kPJ kpfTk; md;G
nfhz;l xUtu; tho;e;J te;jhu;. mtu; xt;nthU ugPcd; ugPcd; ugPcd; ugPcd; ugPcd;
;E}upYk ;E}upYk ;E}upYk ;E}upYk ;E}upYk; ,iwj;J}ju; md;dtu;fspd; gpwe;j
jpdj;ij ntF tpkupirahf nfhz;lhLthu;. xU Kiw
ugPcd;E}u ugPcd;E}u ugPcd;E}u ugPcd;E}u ugPcd;E}u; khjj;jpNy gf;fj;jpy; trpf;Fk; A+jdpd; kidtp
jd; fztdplk; Nfl;lhs;. gf;fj;J tPl;L K];ypk; xt;nthU
tUlKk; ,e;j khjj;jpy; tpUe;Jgrhuk; Nghd;witfis
mz; zy; egp md; dtu; fs; $wpdhu; fs; : vd; kP J ]ythj; $Wq; fs; >
my;yh`; cq;fs; kPJ u`;kj; nghopthd;.
fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; : vd; kPJ mjpfkhf ]ythj; $Wq;fs;>
epr;rakhf ePq;fs; vd; kPJ $Wk; ]ythj; cq;fSila ghtq;fSf;F kd;dpg;ghFk;.
13 14
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,| = --_ -,-
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

Vd; Vw;ghL nra;fpwhu;fs;? mjw;F me;j A+jd; $wpdhd;

,e;j khjj;jpy; jhd; mtu;fSila egpfs; ehafk;
md;dtu;fs; gpwe;jhu;fs;> mjdhy; mtu;fs;
ehafk; md; dtu; fs; gp we; j jp dj; ij
nfhz;lhLfpwhu;fs; NkYk; K];ypk;fs; ,e;j khjj;ij
kpfTk; fz; zpag; gLj; Jfpwhu; fs; .mjw; F me; j A+jdpd;
kidtp $wpdhs; > K]; ypk; fspd; topKiw vt; tsT ed; whf
cs;sJ.jq;fSila egpfs; ehafk; md;
dtu;fspd; gpwe;j jpdj;ij xt;nthU tUlKk; nfhz;lhL
fpwhu;fs;. ,t;thW $wp me;j me;j A+jg; ngz; md;wpuT
gLf;iff;Fr; nrd;w NghJ mts; jiytpjpNa khwptpl;lJ.
mts; ,t; thW fdT fz; lhs; xU mofpa ngupahu; tUif
jUfp whu; fs; . md; dtu; fis Rw; wp Yk; kf; fs; $l; lk;
epuk;gpapUe;jJ.mts; Kd;Nd nrd;W xUtuplk; Nfl;lhs;
,e;j ngupatu;fs; ahu;?mjw;F mtu; md;dtu;fs; jhd;
,Wjpj;J}ju;><Uyf mUshsu; K`k;kJu; u]{Yy;yh`; K`k;kJu; u]{Yy;yh`; K`k;kJu; u]{Yy;yh`; K`k;kJu; u]{Yy;yh`; K`k;kJu; u]{Yy;yh`;
Mthu;fs;. md;dtu;fs; ,q;Nf te;jpUf;Fk;
fhuzk; vd;ndntd;why;> cq;fs; gf;fj;J tPl;Lf;fhuuhd
K];ypk; kPyhj; tpoh kPyhj; tpoh kPyhj; tpoh kPyhj; tpoh kPyhj; tpoh nfhz;lhLtjd; fhuzj;jhy; mt
Uf;F ed;ikAk;> gufj;Jk; toq;fp mtiu re;jpj;J re;Njh
\j;ij ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf vd;W gjpyspj;jhu;. me;j
A+jg; ngz; kPz;Lk; Nfl;fyhdhs;> ehd; VjhtJ Nfl;lhy;
cq;fs; egp md;dtu;fs; gjpyspg;ghu;fsh?
mtu; $wpdhu;> epr;rakhf gjpyspg;ghu;fs;>vdNt me;j
A+jg; ngz;zhdts; ngUkhdhu; md;dtu;
fis miof; fyhdhs; >clNd ehafk; md; d
tu;fs; yg;igf; yg;igf; yg;igf; yg;igf; yg;igf; vd gjpyspj;jhu;fs;> mjw;F mts; kpfTk;
kfpo;e;jtsha; ehd; xU K];ypk; ,y;iyNa! ,Ug;gpDk;
ehafk; md;dtu;fs; yg;igf yg;igf yg;igf yg;igf yg;igf; vd gjpyspj;
jhu; fs; .gpd; G kjP dj; J Nfhkhd; md; dtu; fs;
jpUTskhdhu;fs;. vdf;F my;yh`; tplkpUe;J eP
xU K];ypkhfg; Nghfpwha; vd;gjhf mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mijf; Nfl;lTld; cldbahf mts; $wpdhs; epr;rakhf
jhq;fs; rq;ifahd egpahfTk;> ew;FzKilatu;fshfTk;
,Uf;fpd;wPu;fs;. ahu; jhq;fspd; nrhw;gb elf;ftpy;iyNah
mtu;fs; ehrkhfp tpLthu;fs; NkYk; ahu; jhq;fspd;
me;j];ij Gupe;J nfhs;stpy;iyNah mtu;fs; epr;rakhf
e\;lthspfs; vd $wp \`hjj; fypkhit nkhope;jhs;.
gpd; G mtSf; F tpopg; G Vw; gl; L clNd mts; cz; ikahd
cs; sj; NjhL K]; yp khfp tp l; lhs; . gp wF mts; jdJ
midj;J nrhj;Jf;fisAk; my;yh`; tp d; ,dp a
Neruhd> ,d;Dapu; K];j/gh md; dtu ;
fspd; gpwe;j jpd tpohtpy; nrytopg;gjw;fhfTk; ,d;Dk;
epiwa tpUe;Jgrhuk; (fe;J}up) nra;tjw;fhfTk; epidj;Jf;
nfhz; lhs; . fhiyapy; ghu; j; jNghJ mtspd; fztd;
tpUe; J gilg; gjpy; Kk; Kukhf fhzg; gl; lhd; . mijf; fz; l
mts; Mr; rup ag; gl; ltshf mtdp lk; eP q; fs; vd; d
nra; fpwP u; fs; ? vd Nfl; lhs; . mtd; $wpdhd; . eP K]; ypkhd
re;Njh\j;jpy; jhd; ,e;j tpUe;Jgrhuj;ijr; nra;fpNwd;.
mjw;F mts; mJ cq;fSf;F vg;gb njupAk;? vdf;
Nfl;lhs;. mtd; gjpyspj;jhd;> ehDk; ,uT mz;zyhu;
md; dtu; fsp d; Kghuf; fhd fuq; fsp y;
<khd; nfhz;Ltpl;Nld;.
my;yh`; tpd; NguUs; mtu; kPJ nghspal;Lk;
15 16
K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau;
$wg;gl;L mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.
khegp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kP J nts;spf;fpoik ehspy;
]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;.
,

= -| -,- _| - = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

mtupd; nghUl;lhy; ekJ ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gll;Lk;.

ngUkhdhupd; tUif fz;L me;j fhuk; mfd;wJ
G+kpnad; d> thdnkd; d Rw; wpYk; gpufhrk; gbe; jJ
j/tNj ,];yhkpAk; kPyhj; tpohTk;
my; `k; Jypy; yh`; Fu; Md; Rd; dhitg; Nghjpf; fpd; w>
murp ay; rhu; gw; w j/tNj ,]; yhkp ap y; kP yhj; tp oh
nfhz;lhLk; tpjNkh jdpg;gl;l xU Kiwahf ,Uf;fpwJ.
cyfj;jpy; vj;jidNah ehLfspy; j/tNj ,];yhkpapd;
jiyikapy; kPyhJd; egp (gpwe;j jpd)
,utp y; gp uk; khz; lkhd kP yhj; ,[; jp kh kP yhj; ,[; jp kh kP yhj; ,[; jp kh kP yhj; ,[; jp kh kP yhj; ,[; jp kh Vw; ghL
nra;ag;gLfpwJ. ngUk;ghYk; cyfj;jpd; kpfg;ngupa kPyhj; kPyhj; kPyhj; kPyhj; kPyhj;
,[;jpkh ,[;jpkh ,[;jpkh ,[;jpkh ,[;jpkh BghGy; kjPdh - fuhr;rpapy; (ghfp];jhd;) eil
ngWfpwJ. ,jd; rpwg;Gf;fis vt;thW $WtJ ! ,jpy;
fye;J nfhs;Sk; vj;jidNah ghf;fparhypfspd; tho;f;
;ifapy; kjdp khw;wq;fs; Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. ,ijg; gw;wpa
ehd; F kjdp tre; jq; fis ehd; F kjdp tre; jq; fis ehd; F kjdp tre; jq; fis ehd; F kjdp tre; jq; fis ehd; F kjdp tre; jq; fis mwpe; Jnfhs; Sq; fs; .
(1) ghtj;jpw;F gupfhuk; fpilj;jJ.
fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fspd; Neru;
(M\pf;) xUtu; ,t;thW $Wfpwhu;. `p[;up (1426)y; ff;up
ikjhdk; - BghGy; kjPdh fuhr;rpapy; eilngw;w kPyhj;
,[;jpkhtpy; vdf;F njupe;j njhOifapy;yhj (MODERN)
thyp gUk; fye; J nfhz; lhu; . tp bfhiy tre; jj; ij
(ngUkhdhu; md;dtu;fs; gpwe;j Neuk;)vjpu;g;
ghu;j;J> ]ythj;Jk; ]yhKk; ,d;Dk; ku;`gh ah K];j/
ghtpd; Kof;fq;fisf; Nfl;Fk; NghJk; mtupd; cs;sk;
khwp tp l; lJ. ed; ikap d; gf; fk; MirAk; > ghtj; ij
ntWf;Fk; Mu;tKk; Vw;gl;lJ. me;j Neuj;jpNyNa njhO
ifia NgZtjw;Fk;> jhb itg;gjw;Fk; epa;aj; itj;J
tpl;lhu;. cz;ikapy; njhOifahspahfTk;> jhb itj;j
tuhfTk; Mfptpl;lhu;. mNj Nghd;W mtuplk; xU nfl;l
gof;fKk; ,Ue;jJ. mij Fwpg;gpLtJ ey;yjy;y> kPyhj; kPyhj; kPyhj; kPyhj; kPyhj;
,[;jpkh ,[;jpkh ,[;jpkh ,[;jpkh ,[;jpkhtpd; gufj;jhy; my;`k;Jypy;yh`; mJTk;
ePq;fptpl;lJ. NtnwhU thu;j;ijapy; nrhy;tjhdhy;> kPyhj;
,[;jpkhtpy; fye;Jnfhz;l ghf;fpaj;jhy; ghtk; vDk;
Neha;f;F ghtq;fspd; rpfpr;ir fpilj;Jtpl;lJ.
NfSq;fs; NfSq;fs; md;dtu;fis
epidj;Njq;Fk; cs;sj;ij NfSq;fs;
mUs; ghu;itia NfSq;fs;
ghtj;jpd; gupfhuj;ij epr;rak; NfSq;fs;
Nfl;Fk; jUzNkh ,d;iwa ,uT jhd;.
(2) cs;sj;jpd; mOf;F fOtg;gl;lJ.
tlf;F fuhr;rpia Nru;e;j xU ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu; vOjp
mDg; gp a tp laj; ij vdJ Kiwap y; $Wfp d; Nwd; .
ugpcd;E}u ugpcd;E}u ugpcd;E}u ugpcd;E}u ugpcd;E}u; khjj;jpd; Muk;g ehl;fspy; fz;kdp ehafk;
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ xU jlit ]ythj;
XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtu; kPJ gj;J mUl;nfhilfis mUSfpd;whd;.
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ xU jlit ]ythj;
XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtu; kPJ gj;J mUl;nfhilfis mUSfpd;whd;.
17 18
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

md; dtu; fsp d; Neru; fsp y; rp yu; >

ghtq;fspy; %o;fp fplf;Fk; vd; kPJ jdpg;gl;l Kaw;r;rp jdpg;gl;l Kaw;r;rp jdpg;gl;l Kaw;r;rp jdpg;gl;l Kaw;r;rp jdpg;gl;l Kaw;r;rp
nra; J ff; up ikjhdk; - BghGy; kjP dh fuhr; rp ap y;
eilngwTs;s j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; kPyhj; ,[;jpkh kPyhj; ,[;jpkh kPyhj; ,[;jpkh kPyhj; ,[;jpkh kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpy;
fye;J nfhs;SkhW j/tj; nfhLj;jhu;fs;. vd;Dila
ghf;fpak; ehDk; cWjp nfhz;Nld;. 12Mk; ,uT te;jTld;
thf; FWjp msp j; jthNw kP yhj; ,[; jp khtp y; fye; J
nfhs; tjw; fhf kjdp fh/gp yhTld; Ng&e; jp y; (Bus)
gpuahzk; nra;Njd;.fz;kdp ehafk; md;
dtu;fspd; Neru; xUtu; r;rk; r;rk; vd;W nrhy;yf;$ba
xUtif ,dpg;Gg; gz;lj;ij Rkhu; Kg;gJ ,];yhkpa
rNfhjuu; fSf; F gq; fP L nra; J nfhLj; jhu; . gq; fP L
nra;jtupd; ghrk; epiwe;j me;j Kiw vdJ cs;sj;ij
ftu;e;jJ. gpd;G ehk; kPyhj; ,[;jpkh kPyhj; ,[;jpkh kPyhj; ,[;jpkh kPyhj; ,[;jpkh kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpy; fye;J nfhz;
Nlhk;. vdJ tho;ehspNy Kjy; jlit ,t;thW rpwg;ghd
ep fo; it ehd; ghu; j; Njd; . f]P jhf; fSk; >]ythj; Jk; >
]yhKk; ,d;Dk; ku;`gh ahK];j/gh
tpd; ,d;gfukhd XirfSk; vdJ cs;sj;jpd; mOf;if vdJ cs;sj;jpd; mOf;if vdJ cs;sj;jpd; mOf;if vdJ cs;sj;jpd; mOf;if vdJ cs;sj;jpd; mOf;if
Rj; jg; gLj; jp tpl; ld Rj; jg; gLj; jp tpl; ld Rj; jg; gLj; jp tpl; ld Rj; jg; gLj; jp tpl; ld Rj; jg; gLj; jp tpl; ld. my; `k; Jypy; yh`; me; j
Neuj;jpNy ehd; j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; kjdp #oNyhL
xd; whfp tp l; Nld; . ,g; NghJ Kfj; jp y; Kghuf; fhd
jhbapdJk; > jiyapy; gr; ir epw jiyg; ghifapdJk;
tre;jk; cs;sJ my;`k;Jypy;yh`; > NkYk; xU
gpuNjr K\htuj; jpd; gpuNjr K\htuj; jpd; gpuNjr K\htuj; jpd; gpuNjr K\htuj; jpd; gpuNjr K\htuj; jpd; gzpahsdhf (jiytu; ) ,Ue; J
]{d;dj;Jf;fis gug;Gfpd;w ghf;fpaKk; fpilj;Js;sJ.
my;yh`;tpd; `gPgpd; nghUl;lhy;
fpilj;Js;sJ kjdp #oy;
nfs]{y; m/yk;> m`;kj; uz]h md;dtu;fspdJk;
Mrp cs;sJ kjdp #oypy;
,q;F ]{d;dj;Jf;fisAk; fw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;
,iwar;rj;ijAk; cz;lhf;Fk; kjdp #oy;
epr;rakhf mtu; kpfg; ngupa ghf;fparhypNa
vtUf;F fpilj;jtpl;lNjh kjdp #oy;
(3) xsp kio
vy;yhtUlq;fisg; NghYk; `p[;up 1417 y; kPyhJd; egp
eilngw;w NghJ gfy; Neuk; S`Uf;Fg;
gpd; j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; ehz]pkhghj; `y;fh BghGy;
kjP dh> fuhr; rpapd; kjdp Cu; tyk; ]u; fhupd; tUif
ku;`gh vd;w rj;jj;Jld; ,d;Dk; ku;`gh ah K];j/gh
vd;W $wpf;nfhz;L ghijapy; nrd;Wf;
nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,lj;jpw;fplk; Cu;tyj;ij epWj;jp kf;fis
mkuitj;J NefPfp j/tj; NefPfp j/tj; NefPfp j/tj; NefPfp j/tj; NefPfp j/tj; (eytpd;ghy; miog;G ) nfhLf;
fg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. ,ilapy; Xuplj;jpy; fpl;lj;jl;l
10 taJila rpWtu; eytpd; ghy; miog;G tpLj;Jf;
nfhz;bUe;jhu;> me;Neuk; Cu;tyj;jpy; nksdk; Vw;gl;
bUe;jJ. gahd; Kbe;jJk; xU kdpju; vOe;J mg;gFjpapd;
nghWg;ghsu; ,Uf;Fkplj;ij Nfl;Lf; nfhz;Nl mtuplk;
nrd;W jpifj;Jg;Ngha; $wyhdhu;> gahd; eilngw;Wf;
;nfhz;bUe;j NghJ jq;fspd; me;j rpwpatu; cl;gl Cu;
;tyj;jpy; ,Ue;j midtu;fs; kPJk; xsp kio nghope;Jf;
nfhz; bUe; jij ehd; vdJ fz; fshy; ghu; j; Njd; >
fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; Kd;dpiyapy; vd; ngau;
$wg;gl;L mtu; vd; kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNahmtu; xU Ju;g;ghf;fparhypNa.
19 20
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: nts;spf;fpoik jpdk; ahu; vd; kPJ ,UE}W
Kiw ]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh mtuJ ,UE}W Mz;L ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

kd;dpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; ehd; xU K];ypk; my;y jaT

nra;J vd;id ,];yhj;jpy; Eioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
ku;`ghtpd; Nfh\j;jpy; #oNyh mjpu;e;jJ. <j;kPyhJe;
egpapd; kjdp Cu;tyj;jpd; nghUl;lhy;
,d; Dk; j/tNj ,]; yhkp ap d; gufj; ep iwe; j kjdp
tre;jj;ijg; ghu;j;J i\j;jhd; jiyia ,bf;fyhdhd;.
,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhz;ljd; gpd; me;j kdpju; ,d;\h
my;yh`; ehd; nrd;W vdJ FLk;gj;jhu;fSf;Fk;
,];yhj;jpd; j/tj; (miog;ig) nfhLg;Ngd;. NkYk; mtu;
mt; thNw nra; jhu; . mtupd; jdpg; gl; l Kaw; r; rpapd; gufj; jhy;
mtup d; kidtp > 3 Foe; ijfs; mNjNghy; mtup d;
je;ijAk; jPDy; ,];yhj;ij jOtpf;nfhz;lhu;fs;.
kPyhJe; egp ngUehshfpwJ
cs;sk; kpf kfpo;r;rp milfpwJ.
M\pfPd;fspd; ngUehNsh ugpcd;D}upd;
gd; dpnuz; lhk; ehshfpwJ
vy;yh kyf;FfSk;> `{u;yPd;fSk;
,d; W kfpo; r; rpapy; cs; sdu;
Mk; ! Mdhy; i\j; jhd; jdJ $l; lj; NjhL
Nrhfj; jpy; cs; shd;
(4) ,d;Wk; juprdk; nghJthdJ
xU M\pNf u]{y; (ehafj;ij Nerpg;gtu;) ,t;thW
$wpdhu;. ff;up ikjhdk;> BghGy; kjP dh> fhuhr; rpapy;
j/tNj ,];yhkpapdhy; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;l kPyhJe; egp
khngUk; epfo;tpy;> ngUk;ghYk; Jd;ahtpd;
kpfg; ngupa kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpy; rpy ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu;fs;
fye;J> fijf;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ xU ,];yhkpa
rNfhjuu; $wpdhu;. Muk;gj;jpy; j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; kPyhj;
,[;jpkhtpy; kpfTk; cs;sr;rk; Vw;gLk;> ,g;NghJ mt;thW
,y;iy. ,ijf; Nfl;l ,d;ndhU ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu;
$wpdhu;. ez;gNu! ePq;fs; $WtJ jtW kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpd;
epiy mg;gbNajhd; cs;sJ. Mdhy; ekJ cs;sq;fspd;
epiyjhd; Kd; Nghy; ,y;iy. ehafj;jpd; jpf;u; (Qhgfk;)
vt; thW khWk; ! ekJ vz; zq; fs; jhd; khwptpl; lJ. ,d; Wk;
ehq;fs; mijg;gw;wp jtwhf tpku;rpj;J topjtwptplhky;>
cz;ikahd mfPjhNthL fz;kdp ehafk;
md; dtu; fsp d; mofhd rp e; jidap y; %o; fp atu; fshf
f]Pjhf;fis Nfl;lhy; ,d;\h my;yh`; fpUig
ep r; rak; cz; lhFk; . KjyhtJ Ngrp a ,]; yhkp a
rNfhjuupd; Ngr;R i\j;jhdhy; Nghlg;gl;l re;Njfq;fis
cz;lhf;fp nghWg;gw;w Kiwapy; Ml;Nrgid njuptpj;J
kPyhj; tpohtpy; fye;Jf; nfhs;shky; tPl;bw;F jpUg;gp
mDg; gf; $bajhf ,Ue; jhYk; ,uz; lhtJ Ngrpatupd; gjpy;
kpfTk; tuNtw;f;fg;gl;ljhFk;. mjhtJ eg;]{y; yt;thkh
it ntspg; gLj; jp i\j; jhid Xl itj; jjhFk; . ed; ikia
ehb $wp a mtup d; gjp y; (mk; igg; Nghd; W) vdJ
cs;sj;jpy; gjpe;J nfhz;lJ. gpd;G ehd; Kaw;rp nra;J
kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpd; kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpd; kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpd; kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpd; kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpd; kj;jpapy; Ngha; ehafj;jpd; M\pfPd;
fNshL mku;e;J> ,dpikahd f]Pjhf;fspd; ,dpikapNy
%o;rp tpl;Nld;. mjpfhiy (]{g;N` rhjpf;) cila Neuk;
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; gj;J gj;J
jlitfs; ]thj; XJfpwhNuh mtUf;F fpahkehsd;W ehd; vdJ \/ghmj; fpilf;Fk;.
K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau;
$wg;gl;L mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.
21 22
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

neWq; fpaJ> ehafj; jpd; M\pfP d; fs; (Neru; fs; ) midtUk;

tp bfhiy tre; jj; ij vjp u; g; ghu; j; J vOe; J ep d; wdu; .
,[; jpkhtpy; xUtifahd t[; j; (jd; dpiy kwj; jy; )
Vw; gl; bUe; jJ> vy; yh jpirfspYk; ku; `ghtpd; rg; jk;
xspj;Jf;nfhz;bUe;jJ. kdpjg;Gdpjupd; jiytuhfpa fz;
kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fspd; re;epjhdj;jpy;
]ythj;Jk;> ]yhKk; $wpf;nfhz;Nl ,Ue;jhu;fs;. ehafj;
jpd; Neru;fSila fz;fspypUe;J fz;zPu; Xbf; nfhz;bU
e;jd. vy;yhj; jpirfspypUe;Jk; tpk;kp mOk; rg;jq;fSk;
te;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd. vdf;Fk; xUtifahd cskfpo;r;rp
Vw; gl; lJ. ghtk; ep iwe; j vdJ fz; fSk; rp W rp W
Mde;jkhd J}uy; tpOtijAk; fz;ld;. KO ,[;jpkhTk;
u`; kj; jpd; kioapy; eide; Jf; nfhz; bUe; jJ.ehDk; vdJ
fz;fis %bf;nfhz;L ,d;Dapu; K];jgh
md;dtu;fspd; mofpa rpe;jidapy; %o;fp ]ythj;jpYk;>
]yhkpYk; <Lgl;bUe;Njd;. jpBnud mff;fdz; jpwe;Jf;
nfhz; lJ. cz; ikap y; $Wfp d; Nwd; > ve; j ehaff;
Nfhkhd;><Uyfj; jiytu;>fz;kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fspd; gpwe;j jpdj;ij nfhz;lhLfpNwhNkh mNj
,d;Dapu; K];jgh md;dtu;fs; vd;Nghd;w
ghtpf;F fUidf; fhl;b md;dtu;fis fhZk; ghf;fpa
j; ij mUspdhu; fs; . my; `k; Jypy; yh`; ehafj; jpd;
jup rdj; ijf; nfhz; L vdJ cs; sk;
Fspu;e;J tpl;lJ. epr;rakhf me;j ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu;
cz;ikia $wpdhu;. mjhtJ j/tNj ,];yhkpapd; kPyhj;
,[;jpkh Kd;Nghd;W cs;sr;rk; cilajhfNt cs;sJ.
Mdhy; ekJ epiyikfs; jhd; khwptpl;lJ. ehk; ftdk;
nrYj;jpdhy; ,d;Wk; md;dtu;fspd; juprdk; nghJthdJ.
mff;fd; cilatu;fs; jhq;fspd; j[y;ypia fhz;ghu;fs;
mff;fz; mw;wtu;fs; vijj;jhd; fhz;ghu;fs;
rpyu; te;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;L nrd;W tpl;lhu;fs;
rpyu; tho; ehs; KOtJk; ngw; Wf; nfhs; s
Kbahky; cs; shu; fs;
,J fUizapd; jPu;g;ghFk; ,J e]Pgpd; tplakhFk;
( vd;w gd; dpnuz;L vOj;Jf;fspd;
njhlu;gpy; kPyhj; tpohtpd; 12 kjdp G+f;fs; )
kjPdh 1 : kjPdh 1 : kjPdh 1 : kjPdh 1 : kjPdh 1 : kPyhj; tpohtpd; re;Njh\j;jpy; k];[pj;fs;>
tPLfs;> filfs;> ,d;Dk; thfdq;fs; kw;Wk; cq;fs;
gpuNjrj; jpYk; gr; ir epw nfhbfis njhq; ftpLq; fs; .
ed; whf myq; fup j; Jf; nfhs; Sq; fs; . jkJ tP Lfis
Fiwe;jJ 12 kpd;tpsf;Ffisf; nfhz;L ntspr;rkhf;
Fq;fs;. ugPcd;E}u; ugPcd;E}u; ugPcd;E}u; ugPcd;E}u; ugPcd;E}u; gd;dpnuz;lhtJ ,utpy; ed;ikia
ngw Ntz; Lk; vd; w ep a; aj; NjhL jp f; u; > f]P jhf; fs;
eilngWk; ,[;jpkhtpy; fye;Jf; nfhz;L tpbfhiy Neuk;
gr; ir epw nfhbfis Ve; jpatu; fshf ]ythj; Jk; > ]yhKk;
$wpf; nfhz;Nl fz;zPu; ky;fpa fz;fNshL tpbfhiy
tre;jj;ij vjpu;ghu;j;J fhj;jpUq;fs;. ugPcd;E}u; khjj;jpd;
12k; ehs; KbAkhapUe; jhy; Nehd; G Nehw; Wf; nfhs; Sq; fs; .
ekJ ,d;Dapu; K];j/gh md;dtu;fs;
jpq;fl;fpoikfspy; Nehd;G Nehw;W jdJ gpwe;j jpdj;ij
khegp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ nts;spf;fpoik ehspy; ]y
thj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;.
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ gj;J Kiw ]ythj;
XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtupd; kPJ E}W u`;kj;Jf;fis mUSfpd;whd;
23 24
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

nfhz;lhbdhu;fs;. vt;thnwd;why; `o;uj; ]a;apJdh mG+

fjhjh mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpwhu;fs;. fz;kdp
ehafk; md;dtu;fsplk; jpq;fl;fpoikapd;
Nehd;igg; gw;wp Nfl;fg;gl;l NghJ ,e;j jpdj;jpy; jhd;
vdJ gpwg;G epfo;e;jJ NkYk; ,Nj jpdj;jpy; jhd; vdf;F
t`P ,wf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W $wpdhu;fs;.
]`P `; Gfhupapd; tpupTiuahsu; `o; uj; ]a; apJdh
,khk; f];jyhdp mtu;fs; mwptpf;fpd;whu;fs;.
kPyhj; jpd ehl;fspy; kPyhj; tpohf;fis nfhz;lhLtjd;
%yk; me;j tUlk; G+uhTk; epk;kjpahd tho;f;ifAk;>
mtuJ xt;nthU NjitAk; mtrukhf epiwT ngWtJk;
mDgtuPjpahf fhzg;gl;l tplakhFk;. vtnuy;yhk; kPyhj;
jpdj;ij ngUehshf Mf;fpf; nfhz;lhu;fNsh mtu;fs;
kPJ my;yh`; mUs;ghspg;ghdhf.
kjPdh 2 : kjPdh 2 : kjPdh 2 : kjPdh 2 : kjPdh 2 : f/gJy;yh`; Nghd;w tbtj;ij (MODEL)
mikj; J jth/gp d; ep iyia fhz; gp g; gjw; fhf rp y
,lq;fspy;(,e;jpah>ghfp];jhd; Nghd;w ehLfspy;)
nghk;ikfis itg;ghu;fs;. ,t;thW nra;tJ ghtkhFk;.
[h`pypa;ahf; fhyj;jpy; f/gJy;yh`;tpy; 360 rpiyfs;
itf; fg; gl; bUe; jd.ekJ capupYk; Nkyhd fz; kdp ehafk;
md;dtu;fs; kf;fh ntw;wpf;Fg; gpd; f/
gJy; K\u;u/ghit rpiyfis tpl;Lk; gupRj;jg;gLj;jp
dhu; fs; . vdNt tbtj; jpYk; (MODEL) $l rpiyfs;
(nghk;ikfs;) ,Uf;ff; $lhJ> mjd; ,lj;jpy; gpyh];bf;
G+f;fis itf;fyhk; (cUtq;fs; njspthf njd;glhj
jth/Ng f/ghtpd; fhl;rpfs; mlq;fpa glj;ij k];[pj;
my;yJ tPLfspy; njhq;ftpLtJ MFkhFk;. Mk; ve;j
glj;ij epyj;jpy; itj;J vOe;J epd;W ghu;g;gjhy; cUtk;
njspthf njd;gLNkh mij njhq;ftpLtJ $lhjJk;>
ghtkhd tplaKkhFk;.
kjP dh 3 : kjP dh 3 : kjP dh 3 : kjP dh 3 : kjP dh 3 : kapy; ,d; Dk; mJ Nghd; w cUtq;fs;
fPug;gl;bUf;Fk; bi]dpNy Eiothapy; (GATE) NghljPu;fs;.
kpUfq;fspd; cUtq;fisg; gw;wp fz;bj;J tUk; ,uz;L
`jP];fis ghu;j;J ,iwtid gae;J nfhs;Sq;fs;.
(1) ve;j tPl;bNy eha; my;yJ cUtg;glq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;w
Njh me;j tPLfspy; u`;kj;Jila kyf;Ffs; Eioa
khl;lhu;fs;.
(2) ahu; (capupdj;jpd;) cUtq;fis mikf;fpwhNdh
mjw;F capu; nfhLf;Fk; tiu mtDf;F my;yh`{jMyh
jz; lidia nfhLj; Jf; nfhz; Nl ,Ug; ghd; . ,d; Dk;
mtdhy; mjw;F xU NghJk; capu; nfhLf;fNt KbahJ.
kjPdh 4 : kjPdh 4 : kjPdh 4 : kjPdh 4 : kjPdh 4 : kPyhj; tpohtpd; re;Njh\j;jpy; rpy ,lq;fspy;
ghl;Lfs; ,irf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;thW nra;tJ khu;f;fj;
jp y; ghtkhFk; . ,ijg; gw; wp a ,uz; L `jP ]; fis
ftdpAq; fs; .
(1) fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wp
dhu; fs; : vdf; F Nlhy; > Gy; yhq; Foy; ,itfis
cilf;Fk;gb fl;lis gpwg;gpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ gj;J Kiw ]ythj;
XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtupd; kPJ E}W u`;kj;Jf;fis mUSfpd;whd;
fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; : vd; kPJ mjpfkhf ]ythj; $Wq;fs;>
epr;rakhf ePq;fs; vd; kPJ $Wk; ]ythj; cq;fSila ghtq;fSf;F kd;dpg;ghFk;.
25 26
-- _|- = _=_
,

= -| -,- _|- = _

=
(
- ,- _| - = --_
= .--
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

(2) `o;uj; ]a;apJdh o`;`hf; mtu;fs;

upthaj; nra;fpwhu;fs; : ghl;L cs;sj;ij ehrg;gLj;jTk;>
,iwtid Nfhgg;gLj;jTk; nra;fpwJ.
kjPdh 5 : kjPdh 5 : kjPdh 5 : kjPdh 5 : kjPdh 5 : f]Pjhf;fspd; Nf]l;Lfis NghLq;fs; Mdhy;
rg;jk; Fiwthf itAq;fs;. Vndd;why; ,ghjj; (tzf;fk;)
Gupgtu;fSf;Fk;> J}q;Fgtu;fSf;Fk;> my;yJ Nehahsp
Nghd;wtu;fSf;Fk; ,ilA+W Vw;glhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhf -
NkYk; ghq; F> njhOif Neuq; fsp Yk; ftdk;
nrYj;Jq;fs;. (ngz;fspd; Fuy;fspy; f]Pjh Nf]l;Lfis
NghlhjPu;fs;)
kjPdh 6 : kjPdh 6 : kjPdh 6 : kjPdh 6 : kjPdh 6 : tPjpfspYk;> ghijfspYk; nry;yf;$ba my;yJ
thfdk; Xl;lf;$ba K];ypk;fSf;F ,ilA+W Vw;gLk;
tp jj; jp y; myq; fhuk; nra; aNth> my; yJ nfhbfis
el;lNth Ntz;lhk;. ,J MFkhd tplaky;y.
kjP dh 7 : kjP dh 7 : kjP dh 7 : kjP dh 7 : kjP dh 7 : myq; fhuq; fis ghu; g; gjw; f; fhf ngz; fs;
me; ep a Mz; fNshL gu; jh ,d; wp nry; tJ `uhKk;
ntl; ff; Nflhd nraYkhFk; . NkYk; gu; jh mzp Ak;
ngz; fSk; $l ,d; iwa fhyfl; lj; jpy; eilngWtJ
Nghd; W Mz; fNshL (xUtUf; nfhUtu; ) fye; Jf; nfhs; tJ
kpfTk; Nkhrkhd nrayhFk;.,ijg;Nghd;W kpd;rhuj;ij
jpULtJk; MFkhd nrayy; y. vdNt kpd; rhuj; Jf; F
nghWg;ghf ,Ufpd;wtu;fis re;jpj;J MFkhd Kiwapy;
kpd;Fkpy;fisf; nfhz;L myq;fupj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
kjPdh 8 : kjPdh 8 : kjPdh 8 : kjPdh 8 : kjPdh 8 : kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; KbAkhd tiu TONthL
,Uq;fs;. [khmj;Jld; njhOk; fl;Lg;ghl;il Qhgfj;jpy;
itj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ehafj;jpd; Neru;fs; [khmj;
;njhOifia tpLgtu;fs; my;y.
kjPdh 9 : kjPdh 9 : kjPdh 9 : kjPdh 9 : kjPdh 9 : kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; Fjpiu tz;bNah my;yJ
xl; lif tz; bNah nfhz; L tuhjP u; fs; . vndd; why; Fjpiu>
xl; lfq; fsp d; kyryj; jhy; ehafj; jp d; Neru; fSila
Milfs; mRj;jkila tha;g;Gfs; cz;L.
kjP dh 10 : kjP dh 10 : kjP dh 10 : kjP dh 10 : kjP dh 10 : Cu; tyj; jpy; up]hyhf; fis gq; fpLq; fs; >
mjhtJ kf;jgJy; kjPdhtpdhy; mr;rplg;gl;l rpW E}y;fs;>
kjdp G+f;fspd; tpj;jpahrkhd fhu;l;fs; (CARDS) NkYk;
]{d;dj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j gahd; V.C.D f;fs; Nghd;wij
ed;whf gq;fpLq;fs;. ,d;Dk; goq;fs;> jhdpaq;fs; Nghd;w
tw;iw gq;fpLk; NghJ mij tPrhky; kdpju;fspd; iffspy;
nfhLq; fs; . G+kpapy; tpOtJk; > fhy; fspy; kpjpgLtJk;
mjd; fz;zpaf; FiwthFk;.
kjP dh 11 : kjP dh 11 : kjP dh 11 : kjP dh 11 : kjP dh 11 : gpur;rpidfs; Vw;gLk; tpjj;jpYk;> mLj;j
tu;fis Nfhg%l;Lk; tpjj;jpYk; ele;J nfhs;tjhy; kPyhj;
Cu; tyj; jpd; moF rpije; J tpLfpd; wJ. mikjpahd
Kiwapy; ,Ug;gJ midtUf;Fk; ey;yJ.
kjPdh 12 : kjPdh 12 : kjPdh 12 : kjPdh 12 : kjPdh 12 : ,iwtd; ghJfhf;fNtz;Lk; ! vq;fpUe;jhtJ
nfhQ; rk; fy; ybfs; te; jhYk; Nfhgg; gl; L gjp yb
toq; fhky; ,Uf; f Ntz; Lk; . ,y; iynad; why; kP yhj;
Cu;tyk; rpije;J tpNuhjpfspd; ehl;lk; epiwNtwptpLk;.
nkhl;L kyu;e;J G+ kde;J
vy;yh jpirfspYk; te;jNj tre;jk;
MdNj tpbfhiyapd; tre;jk;
<j; kPyhJe; egp
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ xU jlit ]ythj;
XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtu; kPJ gj;J mUl;nfhilfis mUSfpd;whd;
27 28
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; gj;J gj;J
jlitfs; ]ythj; XJfpwhNuh mtUf;F fpahkehsd;W vdJ \/ghmj; fpilf;Fk;.
- ,- _|- = --_

kPyhj; tpohitg;gw;wp mj;jhupd; fbjk;.

(jho;ikahd Ntz;LNfhs;-xt;nthU ,lq;fspYk; ]gu;
khjj;jpd; filrp thu ,[;jpkhtpNy Qhgf%l;LKfkhf
mj;jhupd; fbjj;ij gbj;Jf; fhl;lTk;. ,];yhkpa rNfhju/
rNfhjupfs; jj;jkJ Kiwfspy; Vw;ghL nra;aTk;)
gp];kpy;yh`pu; u`;khdpu; u`Pk; - ]Nf kjPdh(mkPNu
m`;Y]; ]{d;dj; mtu;fs; kjPdh \uP/gpd;
K`g; gj; jpy; %o; fp jk; ikj; jho; j; Jk; tpjkhf jkf; Fj; jhNk
]Nf kjPdh (mjhtJ kjPdhtpd; eha;) vd;W mioj;Jf;
nfhs;thu;fs;.) K`k;kj; ,y;ah]; mj;jhu;> fhjpup> uz]tp>
mtu;fspd; Gwj;jpypUe;J ehafj;jpd; Neru;fshd
midj;J ,];yhkpa rNfhju/rNfhjupfSf;Fk; kPyhj; jpd
re;Njh\j;jpy; gr;irf; nfhbia Ml;batdhf> kpDkpD
f;Fk; gy;GfisAk;> rpW rpW xsp tpsf;Ffis Kj;jkpl;l
tdhf> Njid tpl ,dpaikahd kf;fp kjdp ]yhk;
ePq;fSk; md;dtu;fisg; Gfo;e;J jdJ cs;sj;ij
xspkakhf;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;;
cau;e;jjpYk; kpfTk; cau;e;jJ egpapd; nfhb
tPL tPlhf gwf;f tpLq;fs;
kjPdh 1 : KjyhtJ gpiwad;W ,e;j thu;j;ijfshy;
%d; W jlitfs; k]; [p j; fsp y; mwp tp g; G nra; a
nrhy; Yq; fs; . midj; J ,]; yhkp a rNfhju/rNfhjup
fSf;Fk; tho;j;Jf;fs;. Vndd;why; ugPcd;E}u ugPcd;E}u ugPcd;E}u ugPcd;E}u ugPcd;E}u; khjj;jpd;
;gpiw njd;gl;Ltpl;lJ.
ugPcd;E}u; ek;gpf;if vDk; cyfj;ij
jd;NdhL nfhz;L te;jJ
JMf;fs; fG+y; Mtij ifNahL nfhz;L te;jJ
kjPdh 2 : Mz;fs; jhbia tspg;gJ my;yJ xU gpbia
tp l Fiwthf ntl; LtJ `uhkhFk; . ,]; yhkp a
rNjhjupfs; gu;jh ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gJ `uhkhFk;. jaT
nra;J ugPcd;E}u; khjj;jpd; gufj;ijf; nfhz;L ,];yhkpa
rNfhjuu;fs; filrptiu xU gpb jhb itf;fTk;> ,d;Dk;
,];yhkpa rNfhjupfs; epue;jukhf khu;f;f Kiwapy; gu;jh
mzptjw; f; Fk; ghf; fparhypahd ngz; fs; kjdp Gu; fh
mzpaTk; epa;aj; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. (Mz;fs; jhb
tspg;gJk;> xU gpbia tpl Fiwthf ntl;LtJk; ,d;Dk;
ngz; fs; gu; jh ,d; wp ,Ug; gJk; `uhkhFk; - vdNt
mtrukhf jt;gh (ghtkd;dpg;G) nra;J ,e;j ghtq;fis
tpl;L ntspNaWtJ th[pghFk;)
f/gJy;yh`; gzpe;J epd;wJ
fw;rpiyfs; midj;JNk jiyf;fPohf ftpo;e;jJ
tUifapd; kfpo;r;rp jhd;
m`;yd; t]`;yd; ku;`gh
kjPdh 3 : ]{d;dj;Jf;fisAk;> ey;y fhupaq;fisAk;
nra; tjd; kP J cWjp ahd ep iy ngWtjw; fhd top
vd; dntd; why; ehafj; jp d; Neru; fshd midj; J
,];yhkpa rNfhju / rNfhjupfSk; jpdKk; /gpf;Nu kjPdh
29
30
K]; jgh md; dtu; fs; etpd; Ws; shu; fs; : ahUf; F Kd; dhy; vd; ngau;
$wg;gl;L mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.
mz; zy; egp md; dtu; fs; $wpdhu; fs; : ahu; vd; kPJ fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; gj; J gj; J
jlitfs; ]ythj; XJfpwhNuh mtUf;F fpahkehsd;W vdJ \/ghmj; fpilf;Fk;.
-, |-| ,,, .- .

(mky; fspd; kP J fz; Nzhl; lk; ) nra; jtu; fshf kjdp kjdp kjdp kjdp kjdp
,d;Mkhj ,d;Mkhj ,d;Mkhj ,d;Mkhj ,d;Mkhj; fhu;l;il epug;gp xt;nthU khjKk; nghWg;G
jhupaplk; xg;gilg;gjw;fhf epa;aj; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
iffis cau;j;jpf; $Wq;fs;! ,d;\h my;yh`;
u`; kj; jpd; Nkfq; fs; %z; ld
mUs; kioapd; J}uy; tpOe; jd
,g;nghOJ cs ehl;lq;fs; epiwNtwpd
kjPdj; J khkd; dupd; tUifNa..
kjPdh 4 : ehafj;jpd; Neru;fs; midtUk; jiytu;>
nghWg;Gjhupfs; cl;gl ugpcd;E}u; ugpcd;E}u; ugpcd;E}u; ugpcd;E}u; ugpcd;E}u; khjj;jpy; tpN\\khd
Kiwapy; Fiwe;jJ %d;W ehl;fs; kjdp fh/gpyhtpy;
gpuahzNkw;nfhs;Sk; ghf;fpaj;ij ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
,d;Dk; ,];yhkpa rNfhjupfs; 30 ehl;fs; tiu jpdKk;
tP l; bw; Fs; (tP l; bypUf; Fk; ,]; yhkpa rNfhjupfSf; Fk; >
k`; ukhdtu; fSf; Fk; kl; Lk; ) /ig]hNd ]{d; dj; jpd;
ju;i] nfhLj;J thUq;fs;. ,dpNkYk; jpdKk; toq;fp
tUNtd; vd;W epa;aj; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
u`;kj;jpid ms;spf;nfhs;s fh/gpyhtpy; nry;Yq;fs;
]{d;dj;Jf;fis fw;Wf;nfhs;s fh/gpyhtpy; nry;Yq;fs;!
kjPdh 5 : jkJ k];[pj;> tPL> fil> njhopw;rhiy ,J
Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; 12 my;yJ Fiwe;jJ 1 gr;ir epw
nfhbia ugpcd;E}u; ugpcd;E}u; ugpcd;E}u; ugpcd;E}u; ugpcd;E}u; khjj;jpd; KjyhtJ gpiwapypUe;J
KO khjKk; gwf;f tpLq;fs;. g];fs;> Ntd;fs;> buf;Ffs;>
nlf;]pfs;> Fjpiu tz;bfs; ,J Nghd;witfspy; jkJ
nrytpNy nfhbfis thq;fp fl;lhak; gwf;ftpLq;fs;.
jkJ irf;fps;> Nkhl;lhu; irf;fps;> fhu; ,itfspYk;
NghLq;fs;. ,d;\h my;yh`; vy;yh gf;fq;fspYk;
gr;ir epw nfhbfspd; tre;jq;fs; fhzg;gLk;. nghJthf
buf; Ffspd; gpd; Gwj; jpy; capupdq; fspd; ngupa ngupa
glq; fs; kw; Wk; Njitaw; w ftpfs; vOjg; gl; bUf; Fk; >
Mdhy; ,jw;Fg;gjpyhf buf;FfspYk;> g];fspYk;> Ntd;
fspYk; > nlf; ]pfspYk; > fhu; fspYk; ,J Nghd; witfSf; Fg;
gp d; dhy; njsp thd vOj; Jf; fsp y; ehd; j/tNj ehd; j/tNj ehd; j/tNj ehd; j/tNj ehd; j/tNj
,]; yhkp ia Nerp f; fp Nwd; ,]; yhkp ia Nerp f; fp Nwd; ,]; yhkp ia Nerp f; fp Nwd; ,]; yhkp ia Nerp f; fp Nwd; ,]; yhkp ia Nerp f; fp Nwd; vd; W vOjg; gLtJ vdJ
MirahFk;. g]; nrhe;jf;fhuu;fs; ,d;Dk; buhd;];Nghu;l;
nra;Ak; kdpju;fis re;jpj;J kjdp Vw;ghLfis nra;Aq;
fs; . ,d; Dk; ]Nf kjPdh tpd; cs; sj; jpd; JMf; fis
ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
Kf; fp akhd NgZjy; : Kf; fp akhd NgZjy; : Kf; fp akhd NgZjy; : Kf; fp akhd NgZjy; : Kf; fp akhd NgZjy; : nfhbapd; kP J gupRj; jkhd
ghjzpapd; glk; (e/Ny ghf; ) (e/Ny ghf; ) (e/Ny ghf; ) (e/Ny ghf; ) (e/Ny ghf; ) my; yJ VjhtJ vOjp
apUe;jhy; mitfspy; fe;jy;> fpspry; vJTk; ,Uf;ff;
$lhJ> NkYk; mitfs; G+kpapy; tpoTk; $lhJ vd;gij
Qhgfj;jpy; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mNj Nghd;W ugPcd; ugPcd; ugPcd; ugPcd; ugPcd;
E}u E}u E}u E}u E}u; khjk; Kbtile;jjd; gpd;dhy; mitfis cldb
ahf fyl;b tpLq;fs;. ,t;thW Ngzp elf;f Kbatpy;iy
nad;why; ,d;Dk; xOq;fPdk; eilngWk; vd;wpUe;jhy;
ve; j tpj vOj; Jk; > glKk; ,d; wp ntWk; gr; ir epw nfhbia
gwf;f tpLq;fs;. (]Nf kjPdh md; dtu; fSk;
KbAkhd msT igj;Jy; /gdh vDk; ngaUila jkJ
epue; jukw; w tP l; bYk; rhjhuz nfhbia jhd; gwf; f
tpLthu; fs; )
31 32
khegp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kP J nts;spf;fpoik ehspy;
]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;.
K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau;
$wg;gl;L mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.

egpapd; nfhbia Ve; jpr; nry; Yq; fs;

cyfnkq;Fk; gug;gp tpLq;fs;
egpapd; nfhbNah rhe;jpapd; nfhb
tPL tPlhf guf;f tpLq;fs;
kjPdh 6 : jkJ tPl;by; 12 Nfhu;itfs; my;yJ Fiwe;jJ
12 kpd; Fkpo; fs; %ykhf mNjNghd; W jkJ k]; [pj;
fisAk; Rw; Wg; Gwq; fisAk; 12 ehl; fs; tiu ey; y
Kiwap y; xsp kakhf; Fq; fs; . (Mdhy; ,e; j Ntiy
fSf;fhf kpd;rhuk; jpULtJ `uhkhFk; - vdNt ,e;j
tplaj;jpy; kpd;rhurigNahL njhlu;G nfhz;L MFkhd
Kiwapy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Vw;ghL nra;Aq;fs;)midj;J
gFjp fisAk; gr; ir ep w nfhbfisf; nfhz; Lk; >
tz;zkplg;gl;l kpd; Fkpo;fisf; nfhz;Lk; moq;fupj;Jf;
nfhs; Sq; fs; .
k];[pj;> tPl;Lf;$iu> re;jp Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; ghijapy;
nry;yf;$batu;fSf;Fk;> thfdj;jpy; gpuahzpf;ff;$ba
tu;fSf;Fk; ,ilA+W Vw;glhky; `{$Fy; Mk;kh (nghJ
cupikfs;) it kPwhky; 12 kPl;lu; my;yJ Njitf;Nfw;w
mstpy; Ngdu; fis (Banners) njhq; ftpLq; fs; . ghij
eLtpy; nfhbfis el;lhjPu;fs;> ,jdhy; thfd neupry;
Vw;glyhk;. ,NjNghy; njU Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; K];ypk;
fSf; F jlq; fs; Vw; glhkYk; > cupikfis kP whkYk; >
kdrQ; ryq; fs; Vw; glhj tifap Yk; myq; fup j; Jf;
nfhs; Sq; fs; .
igj;Jy; mf;]h> f/ghtpd; $iu Mkpdhtpd;
,y; yj; jpYk;
nfhb el; lg; gl; L tpl; lJ
m`; yd; t]`; yd; ku; `gh
kjP dh 7 : kjP dh 7 : kjP dh 7 : kjP dh 7 : kjP dh 7 : xt; nthU ,]; yhkpa rNjhjuu; fSk; jkJ
trjpf;Nfw;g mjpfkhfTk; my;yJ Fiwe;jJ 12 &ghTf;F
kf;jgJy; kjPdhtpdhy; mr;rplg;gl;l rpW E}y;fisAk;>
kjdp G+f; fs; epiwe; j tpj; jpahrkhd gk; /g; yl; (njhq; ftpLk;
fhu;l;) fisAk; kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLq;fs;.
,d; Dk; ,]; yhkp a rNfhjup fNs! eP q; fSk; gq; fp l
nra;Aq;fs;. ,Nj Nghd;W KOtUlKk; jkJ filfspy;
rpW E}y;fis itj;J mij gq;fPL nra;J NefPfp j/
tj; ij (eytp d; ghy; miog; ig) mjp fkhf nra; J
thUq; fs; . jpUkz itgtq; fspYk; ,d; Dk; kuzpj; j
tu;fSf;fhf <]hNy ]thg; (ed;ikfisr; Nru;g;gpj;jy;)
nra;Ak; ,lq;fspYk; rpWE}y;fis gq;fpLtNjhL Vida
K];ypk;fSf;Fk; ,itfis nra;a Mu;tk; Cl;Lq;fs;.
rpW E}y;fis gq;fpl;L jPid gug;Gq;fs;
,iwtid jpUg;jpg;gLj;jp Rtu;f;fj;jpd;
jFjpahsu;fshf Mfpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;
kjPdh 8 : ]Nf kjPdh md;dtu;fshy; njhFf;fg;gl;l
kPyhj; tpohtpd; 12 kjdp G+f;fs; vd;w gk;/g;yl;il
KbAkhf ,Ue;jhy; 112 my;yJ Fiwe;jJ 12> mNj
Nghy; KbAkhf ,Ue; jhy; tp bfhiy tre; jk tp bfhiy tre; jk tp bfhiy tre; jk tp bfhiy tre; jk tp bfhiy tre; jk; vd; w
33 34
khegp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ nts;spf;fpoik ehspy; ]y
thj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;.
mz; zy; egp md; dtu; fs; $wp dhu; fs; : vd; kP J ]ythj; XJtij
mjpfg;gLj;Jq;fs;> epr;rakhf ,J cq;fSf;F gupRj;jkhFk;

,e;j up]hyh 12 12 12 12 12 I kf;jgJy; kjP dhtpypUe;J tpiy

nfhLj;J thq;fp gq;fPL nra;Aq;fs;.
Fwpg;ghf ahu; ahnuy;yhk; kPyhj; tpohit tpkupirahf
nfhz; lhLfp whu; fNsh me; j ,af; fq; fsp d; ngup atu;
fSf; Fk; Nru; j; JtpLq; fs; . ugP cd; E}u; khjj; jpNy 1200
&gha; >,J Kbahtpl; lhy; 112 &gha; >,JTk; Kbahnjd; why;
12 &gha; (gUtkile;j Mz;fs;> ngz;fs;) ahuhtJ xU
Rd;dj;ty;[khmj;ij rhu;e;j MypKf;F toq;Fq;fs; -
jkJ gs; spthaypd; ,khKf; F> Kmj; jpDf; F my; yJ
gzptpil nra;af;$batUf;F nfhLj;jhYk; rupNa. NkYk;
xt;nthU khjKk; nfhLg;gjw;F epa;aj; itj;jhy; kjPdh
kjPdh - [{k;MTila ehspy; toq;fpdhy; kpfTk; ey;yJ.
Vndd;why; [{k;MTila ehspy; xt;nthU ed;ikf;Fk;
vOgJ klq;F ]thg; fpilf;fpwJ.
my;`k;Jypy;yh`; ]{d;dj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j
gahd; Nf]l;Lf;fis Nfl;L gy kdpju;fs; rPu;jpUe;jpa
nra; jp fs; cs; sd. cq; fsp y; rp y ghf; fp arhyp ahd
kdpju;fSk; gahd; Nf]l;Lf;fisf; Nfl;L kjdp #oypNy
xd;wpide;J ,Ug;gPu;fs;. vdNt ,g;gbahd Nf]l;Lf;fs;>
V.C.D f; fis kdpju; fs; mstpy; vj; jpitg; gJ jP Df; F
nra; af; $ba fz; zpakhd gzptpilahfTk; > ,d; Dk;
mjpfkhd ed; ikia toq; ff; $bajhfTk; ,Uf; fpwJ.
vdNt ahUf;F KbANkh thuj;jpy; my;yJ khjj;jpy;
Fiwe;jJ 12 XbNah ,d;Dk; tPbNah ]{d;dj;Jf;fs;
ep iwe; j gahd; Nf]l; Lf; fis mtrp ak; tp w; gid
nra;Aq;fs;. rf;jpngw;w ,];yhkpa rNfhjuu;fs; ,ytrkhf
gq;fPL nra;jhy; kjPdh kjPdh - kPyhj; jpd re;Njh\j;jpy;
gahd; Nf]l;Lf;fs; ,d;Dk; V.C.D f;fis ed;whf gq;fPL
nra;J jPid vj;jpitg;gjpy; gq;if (ghfj;ij) ngw;Wf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;. jpUkz re;ju;g;gj;jpy; jpUkz miog;gpjo;
(WEDDING CARDS) nfhLf;Fk; NghJ rpW E}iy ,d;Dk;
KbAkhapUe; jhy; gahdpd; Nf]l; my; yJ V.C.D I Nru; j; Jf;
nfhs; Sq; fs; . ngUehs; miog; gpjo; (EID CARDS) gof; fj; ij
epWj;jptpl;L mjw;f;Fg; gjpyhfTk; ,jidNa epiyepW
j;Jq;fs;. Vndd;why; nryT nra;fpd;w gzj;jpd; %ykhf
jPDf;Fk; gpuNah[dk; fpilf;f Ntz;Lk;. vdf;F kdpju;fs;
ngWkjpahd ngUehs; miog;gpjo;fis mDg;Gfpd;whu;fs;.
,jdhy; cs;sk; re;Njh\kiltjw;Fg; gjpyhf vwpAk;.
ngUehs; miog;gpjo;fSf;fhf nryT nra;ag;gLk; gzk;
jPDila Ntiyf;fhf nryT nra;ag;gl;lhy; vt;tsT
ed;whf ,Uf;Fk;! mNjNghy; mjpy; ,Uf;Fk; njspj;jy;
(mjhtJ kp Dkp Df; Fk; gTlu; ) %ykhf fLe; Jauk;
Vw; gLfpwJ.
md;dtu;fis ehbatu;fSf;F
md;dtu;fNs NghJkhdtu;fs;
rpyu; GfuPg; eth]; vd;why;
rpyu; fd;[; gf;\; Mthu;fs;;
kjPdh 9 : ngupa efuj;jpd; xt;nthU gFjp K\htuj;jpd;
jiytUk; (khtl; lj; jpYs; stu; fs; khtl; lj; jpy; ) 12 ehl; fs;
tiu jpdKk; ntt; NtW k]; [pj; fspy; cau; epiyahd
]{d;dj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j ,[;jpkhf;fis Vw;ghLnra;aTk;.
(nghWg; Gjhup ahd ,]; yhkp a rNfhjup fs; tP Lfsp y;
35 36
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ePq;fs; vq;fpUe;jhYk; vd; kPJ
]ythj; $Wq;fs;> Vnddpy; cq;fs; ]ythj; vd;id te;jilfpd;wJ.
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ gj;J Kiw ]ythj;
XJfpwhNuh my;yh`; mtupd; kPJ E}W u`;kj;Jf;fis mUSfpd;whd;.

,[;jpkhf;fis Vw;ghL nra;aTk;) ugPcd;E}upy; eilngWk;

midj;J ,[;jpkhf;fspYk; ahUf;F KbANkh mtu;fs;
KOkhjKk; gr;ir nfhbia jd;Dld; vLj;Jr; nry;yTk;.
kjPdh 10 : gjpndhd;whk; khiyapy; my;yJ 12 k; ehs;
Fspj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; - KbAkhf ,Ue;jhy; ,e;j ngU
ehl; fsp d; ngUehl; fSf; F fz; zp ak; nfhLf; Fk;
vz; zj; jpy; ntz; zpw Mil> jiyg; ghif> ]u; ge; j;
(jiyg; ghiff; F fP o; mzpAk; iff; Fl; il Nghd; wJ)
njhg;gp> jiyapy; mzpAk; ntz;zpw Nghu;it> kiwtpd;
kPJ kiwit Vw;gLj;j BROWN Nghu;it> kp];thf;> iff;
Fl;il> fhyzp> j];gP`;> mj;ju; Nghj;jy;> iff;fbfhuk;>
Ngid> fh/gpyh rpW Ngl; (PAD) ,JNghd;w jhk; ghtpf;Fk;
midj;J nghUl;fisAk; KbAkhdhy; Gjpajhf vLj;Jf;
; nfhs; Sq; fs; . (,]; yhkp a rNfhjup fSk; jkf; Fj;
Njitahd nghUl;fis KbAkhdhy; Gjpajhf vLj;Jf;
nfhs;Sq;fs;)
kjPdh 11 : 12 k; ,uT kP yhj; ,[;jpkhtpy; fye;Jf;
nfhz;L ]{g;N` ]hjpf; (tpbfhiy) Neuj;jpy; jdJ
iffspy; gr;ir nfhbia cau;j;jpatu;fshf ]ythj;Jk;>
]yhKk; $wp f; nfhz; L fz; zP u; ky; fp a fz; fNshL
tp bfhiy tre; jj; ij tuNtw; W ep y; Yq; fs; . ]{g; `{
njhOiff;Fg; gpd; ]yhKk;> <j; Kghuf;Fk; $wp xUtiu
nahUtu; cskhu;e;j md;NghL re;jpj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;.
,d;Dk; KOehSk; ghuhl;L (ey;yhrp)f; $wp re;jpj;Jf;
nfhs; Sq; fs; .
<j; kPyhJd;egp ngUehspdJk; ngUehs;
epr;rakhf ngUehl;fSf;nfy;yhk; ngUehs;
<j; kPyhJe; egp.
kjPdh 12 : ekJ ,d;Dapu; K];jgh md;d
tu;fs; jpq;fl;fpoikfspy; Nehd;G Nehw;W jkJ gpwe;j
jpdj;ijf; nfhz;lhb te;jhu;fs;. jhq;fSk; ehafj;jpd;
Qhgfkhf rpwg; ghd ugP cd; E}upd; 12k;
ehspy; Nehd;G Nehw;W gr;ir nfhbia Ve;jpa tz;zk;
kP yhj; Cu; tyj; jp y; fye; Jf; nfhs; Sq; fs; . vJtiu
KbANkh TONthL ,Uq; fs; . ehtpdhy; ]ythj; Jk; >
]yhKk; ,d;Dk; f]Pjhf;fSk; ghbatz;zk; f]Pjhf;
fspdJk; >]ythj; >]yhkpdJk; G+f; fis nghope; j tz; zk; >
ghu;itfis jho;j;jpatu;fshf fz;zpakhd Kiwapy;
nry; Yq; fs; . Js; spf; Fjpj; Jf; nfhz; L nrd; W ahUk;
Ju;tpku;rdk; nra;a re;ju;g;gk; toq;fhjPu;fs;.
kPyhj; tpoh nfhz;lhLtjw;f;fhd epa;aj;Jf;fs;
Gfhup \uPgpd; KjyhtJ `jP]hfpwJ:
37 38
fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; : ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau; $wg;gl;L>
mtu; vd; kPJ ]ythj; $wtpy;iyNah mtu; kdpju;fspNy kpfTk; fQ;rdhthd;.
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: nts;spf;fpoik jpdk; ahu; vd; kPJ ,UE}W
Kiw ]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh mtuJ ,UE}W Mz;L ghtq;fs; kd;dpf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
te;jJ GJ Ml;rp> . ,uh[hq;fKk; GjpNj
mfpyk; tre;jk; fz;lJ> itfiw mz;zypd; cjak;
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

=
ugpcd;D}Nu! cd;dpy; m`;Y];]{d;dj;
Vd; capuha; ,Uf;F
gd;dpnuz;L md;W me; epytpd; capu; te;jhu;fs;

mjhtJ nray;fs; vy;yhk; vz;zq;fs; gbahFk;.

Qhgfj; jp y; itj; Jf; nfhs; Sq; fs; ! MFkhd
midj; J nray; fsp Yk; ]thNg Mfp uj; (Mfp uj; jp d;
ed; ik) cila vz; zk; ,Ug; gJ mtrp akhFk; .
,y; yhtp l; lhy; ed; ik fp ilf; fhJ. kP yhj; tp oh
nfhz;lhLtjpYk; ed;ikia ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;
vd;w epa;aj; mtrpakhFk;. ed;ikia ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;
vz; zkp Ue; jhy; \uP mj; jp d; gp ufhuk; me; j nraiy
nra;tJk; NkYk; ,f;yh]; (csj;J}a;ik) %ykhf mij
myq; fupg; gJk; \u; j; jhFk; . ahuhtJ kw; wtu; fSf; F fhz; gpg;
gjw; fhf my; yJ jd; id GfoNtz; Lk; vd; gjw; f; fhf kPyhj;
tpohit nfhz;lhbdhy;> mjw;fhf kpd;rhuj;ijj; jpU
bdhy;> gyte;jkhf ed;nfhil t#ypj;jhy;> khu;f;f mD
kjpapd;wp K];ypk;fSf;F Nehtpid nfhLj;jhy;> `{$Fy;
Mk; kh (nghJ cupikfs; ) it jl; bg; gupj; jhy; > Nehahspfs; >
epj;jpiu nfhs;sf;$batu;fs; ,d;Dk; ghy;Fb Foe;ij
fSf;F f\;lk; Vw;gLtij mwpe;jpUe;Jk; LOUD SPEAKERS
cila rg; jj; ij cau; j; jp itj; jhy; ,g; gbahd
Neuq; fsp y; ed; ikia ngwNtz; Lk; vd; w ep a; aj;
mepahakhfp khwhf ghtpahfp tpLfpwhd;. ey;y ey;y
vz; zq; fs; ve; jsT mjp fkhf cs; sNjh me; jsT
mjpfkhf ed;ikAk; fpilf;Fk;. ,jd; mbg;gilapy; 18
ep a; aj; Jf; fs; gp d; dhy; $wg; gLfp wJ. Mdhy; ,it
rk; G+uzk; my; y. epa; aj; ijg; gw; wpa mwpTilatu; fs;
Nkyjpfkhd ed;ikfis ngWtjw;f;fhf epa;aj;Jf;fis
,d; Dk; Nru; j; Jf; nfhs; syhk; . ,g; nghOJ ,e; j
epa;aj;Jf;fis itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; :
vd; gjp Ys; s 18 vOj; Jf; fsp d; vd; gjp Ys; s 18 vOj; Jf; fsp d; vd; gjp Ys; s 18 vOj; Jf; fsp d; vd; gjp Ys; s 18 vOj; Jf; fsp d; vd; gjp Ys; s 18 vOj; Jf; fsp d;
njhlu; gp y; kP yhj; tp oh nfhz; lhLtjd; 18 ep a; aj; Jf; fs; . njhlu; gp y; kP yhj; tp oh nfhz; lhLtjd; 18 ep a; aj; Jf; fs; . njhlu; gp y; kP yhj; tp oh nfhz; lhLtjd; 18 ep a; aj; Jf; fs; . njhlu; gp y; kP yhj; tp oh nfhz; lhLtjd; 18 ep a; aj; Jf; fs; . njhlu; gp y; kP yhj; tp oh nfhz; lhLtjd; 18 ep a; aj; Jf; fs; .
(1) Fu;Mdpd; rl;lk; :
(ju; [{kh fd; ]{y; <khd; : ,d; Dk; ckjpul; rfdpd;
mUl; nfhiliag; gw; wp mwp tp j; Jf; nfhz; bUg; gP uhf.
([{];c - 30 #uJy;O`h -11) ) kPJ mky; nra;jthW
my;yh`; tpd; midj;J ep/kj;;(mUl;nfhil)ijAk;
tpl kpfg;ngupa ep/kj;ij gpugy;ag;gLj;JNtd;.
(2) my;yh`; cila jpUg;nghUj;jj;ijg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;stjw;fhf kpd; Fkpo;fshy; myq;fupg;Ngd;.
(3) [pg;uPNy mkPd; mtu;fs; kPyhj; ,utpNy %d;W
nfhbfis el; bdhu; fs; mijg; gp d; gw; wp nfhbfis
Ve; JNtd; .
(4) gr; ir Fg; ghtp d; njhlu; gp y; gr; ir nfhbia
NghLNtd; .
(5) re;Njh\khd Kiwapy; kPyhj; tpohitf; nfhz;lhb
fhgpu;fSf;F khegp md;dtu;fspd; kfj;J
tj;ij czuitg;gNgd;. (tPl;Lf;F tPL kpd; Fkpo;fisAk;>
gr;ir epw nfhbfisAk; ghu;j;J K];ypk;fs; jkJ egpapd;
gpwe;j jpdj;ij kpfTk; Nerpf;fpwhu;fs; vd;W fhgpu;fs;
epr;rakhf epidf;ff; $Lk;)
39 40
mz; zy; egp md; dtu; fs; $wpdhu; fs; : vd; kP J ]ythj; J $Wq; fs; >
my;yh`; cq;fs; kPJ u`;kj; nghopthd;.
fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs; : vd; kPJ mjpfkhf ]ythj; $Wq;fs;>
epr;rakhf ePq;fs; vd; kPJ $Wk; ]ythj; cq;fSila ghtq;fSf;F kd;dpg;ghFk;.
;:.| -,-
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

(6) kP yhj; tp ohit Muthug; gLj; jp i\j; jhid

f\; lg; gLj; JNtd; .
(7) ntspg;gilahd myq;fupg;Gld; njsgh> ,];jp/ghu;
%yk; jdJ cs;uq;fj;ijAk; myq;fupg;Ngd;.
(8) gd;dpnuz;lhk; ,uT kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpYk;
(9) kPyhJe; egp ngUehsd;W ntspahFk;
kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; fye;J ehadpd; jpf;iuAk;> ehafj;jpd;
jp f; iuAk; nra; Ak; ghf; fp aj; ij ngw; Wf; nfhs; tNjhL
,d; Dk;
(10) cykhf;fisAk;
(11) ]hyp`Pd;fisAk; re;jpg;gJld;
( 12) ehafj; jp d; Neru; fSila neUf; fj; jp d;
gufj;Jf;fisAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Ntd;.
(13) kP yhj; Cu; tyj; jpy; jiyg; ghif mzpe; jtdhf
,d;Dk; KbAkhd msT
(14) TSTld; ,Ug;Ngd;
(15) Cu; tyj; jpd; kj; jpapYk; k]; [pJila [khmj;
njhOifia tplkhl;Nld;.
(16) KbAkhd msT rpWE}y; gq; fpLjy; rpWE}y; gq; fpLjy; rpWE}y; gq; fpLjy; rpWE}y; gq; fpLjy; rpWE}y; gq; fpLjy; Vw; ghL
nra;Ntd; (mjhtJ kf;jgJy; kjPdhtpdhy; mr;rplg;gl;l
rpW E}y;fs;> gk;fgyl; > ]{d;dj;Jf;fs; epiwe;j gahd;
Nf]l;Lf;fs; kPyhj; ,[;jpkhtpYk; ,d;Dk; Cu;tyj;jpYk;
gq;fPL nra;Ntd;)
(17) jdp g; gl; l Kaw; r; rp ap d jdp g; gl; l Kaw; r; rp ap d jdp g; gl; l Kaw; r; rp ap d jdp g; gl; l Kaw; r; rp ap d jdp g; gl; l Kaw; r; rp ap d; %yk; Fiwe; jJ 12
,];yhkpa rNfhjuu;fSf;F kjdP fh/gpyhtpy; gpuahzk;
nra;AkhW miog;ig nfhLg;Ngd;.
(18) kPyhj; Cu;tyj;jpy; Kbe;jtiu ghij KOtJk;
ehtpYk; > fz; fspYk; kjP dj; Jg; G+l; il kjP dj; Jg; G+l; il kjP dj; Jg; G+l; il kjP dj; Jg; G+l; il kjP dj; Jg; G+l; il Nghl; ltdhf
( mjhtJ j/tNj ,]; yhkp ap d; kjdp #oyp Ny
fz;fisAk;> ehitAk; Ngzpg; ghJfhg;gjw;F kjPdj;Jg;
G+l;L vd;W $wg;gLk;) f]Pjhf;fis Nfl;ltdhf ,d;Dk;
mjpfkhf ]ythj;ijAk;> ]yhikAk; $wpf;nfhs;Ntd;.
K];jghtpd; ehaNd !vq;fSf;F re;Njh\
khd cs; sj; JlDk; ,d; Dk; ey; y ey; y epa; aj; Jf; fSlDk;
kPyhj; tpohit nfhz;lhLk; ghf;fpaj;ij toq;Fthahf.
NkYk; vq; fis kP yhj; tpohtpd; nghUl; lhy; Nfs; tp
fzf;fpd;wp [d;dJy; fgpu;njs]pNy Eioa itg;ghahf.
vdJ gl;Nlhiy ghtj;jhy; epuk;gp cs;sd
,iwth kd; dpj; jUs; thahf! kPyhjpd; nghUl; lhy;
41 42
khegp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kP J nts;spf;fpoik ehspy;
]ythj; XJfpd;whNuh fpahkehsd;W ehd; mtUf;F \/ghmj; nra;Ntd;.
K];jgh md;dtu;fs; etpd;Ws;shu;fs;: ahUf;F Kd;dhy; vd; ngau; $wg;
gl;L mtu; vd;kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNah mtu; mePjk; ,ioj;Jtpl;lhu;.
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
,

= -| -, - _|- = _

=
=

- _- _|- = _

= : .,

| _

fz;kdp ehafk; md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; Kd;dpiyapy; vd; ngau;

$wg;gl;L mtu; vd; kPJ ]ythj; Xjtpy;iyNahmtu; xU Ju;g;ghf;fparhypNa.
,

= -| -,- _|-= _

=
mz;zy; egp md;dtu;fs; $wpdhu;fs;: ahu; vd; kPJ fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; gj;J gj;J
jlitfs; ]ythj; XJfpwhNuh mtUf;F fpahkehsd;W vdJ \/ghmj; fpilf;Fk;.
44 43