Formulas from Trigonometry

Odd-Even Identities Half-Angle Identities

sin (-x) = -sinx cos (-x)

=

csc (-x) sec (-x)

cos x

= -csc x = secx

Sin - =

. u

::!::

) 1 - cos u 2

tan (-x) = -tan x

Sum and Difference Identities

cot (-x) = -cot x

cos - = ::!:: 2
u tan 2

)1 + 2

cos u

sin (u + v) = sin u cos v + cos u sin v sin (u - v)

=

= ::!::

1 - cos u

sin u cos v - cos u sin v

1 + cos u - cos U
Sin U

Sin U

cos (u + v) = cos u cos v - sin u sin v cos (u - v) = cos u cos v + sin u sin v tan u + tan v tan (u + v) = - - - - - 1 - tan u tan v tan u - tan v tan (u - v) = - - -- -I + tan u tan v
Cofundion Identities

1 + cos u

Angular Measure
'IT

radians = 1800

cos (

~ - u) =

So , 1 radian and 1 deoree /:>

= - 'IT

180

degrees, ra d'lans .

sin

u
h

= - 'IT-

180

sin (

~ - u) = cos u ~ll)
=

Reciprocal Identities

tan (

cot

----- - ......

sin x = - csc x cos x = - sec x tan x

=--

csc x sec x

= -.-

Sin

= --

cos x
I

cot (

~ - u) =
~u)

tan

cot x

cotx = - tan x

sec (

= csc u

csc

(~ - u) = sec u

~,
b

Quotient Identities

sin x tanx = - cos x

Pythagorean Identities

cotx

= -.-

cosx
Sin X

Double-Angle Identities

sin2 x + cos 1 tan 2 x + I

=

= 1

sin 2u = 2 sin u cos u cos 2u cos:! U - sin:! u = 2 cos 2 U - 1 = 1 - 2 sin1 u 2 tan u tan 2u = 1 1 - tan- u
=

sec 2 x

1 + cot 2 x = csc 2 X

Power-Reducing Identities
Sln- U =
. 1

1 - cos 2u
2

cos u =
1

1 + cos 2u
2

1 - cos 2u tan - u = - - -1 + cos 2u