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apter 25:
Ionizing Radiation: \; (\ D l...
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uclear Che
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How are nuclear reactions different from regular chemical reactions?
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What makes an atom radioactive in the first place?
istry
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Strong nuclear force: b - i" 0... Cif\,l "
Rutherford's Lead Block Experiment:
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Modes of Decay:

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1. Alpha particle emission- an ordinary helium nucleus is released from an
unstable nucleus.
Original nucleus loses 2 protons and 2 neutrons.

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Example: Alpha emission of americium - 241
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2. Beta particle emission- an electron is given off by an unstable nucleus.
Original nucl eus gains a proton and loses a neutron.
bela particle
Example: Beta emission of rubidium - 87
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ofnuclearequations.
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Gammaradiationemission- highenergyphotons. Massand atomic
numberofnucleusremainunchanged.Thisisnormallyomitted inthewriting
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dating
Halfhfe:A \ I I .( <
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C Carbon-14dating:t1/2 = 5730yrs Otherelementshaveeithershorterorlonger
periodsoftimerequired forhalftheatomsinthesampletoradioactivelydecay.
Howoldis an artifactif25%oftheC-14isremaining? 0- <=\ 'of' - - O . r--
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Howmanyhalfliveshavepassedforanartifactthatis 10000 yearsold?
WhatpercentofC-14is remainingafter25000yearsandhowmanyhalfliveshave
passed?
Theevolutionof energyinnuclearfissionis directlyrelatedto thedecreaseinmassthat
takesplaceinthesplittingofmoremassivefissionable atomintotwo lessmassiveatoms.
Forexample: about80,000,000kJofenergyis givenoffor everygramofU- 235 that
reacts. Thisisequivalenttotheexplosionof3x 10
4
kgof TNT. (on'\Y'l>\ "
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Processoffission(U- 235):
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ExtraCredit: 70-72, 77-79
ChainReaction:
NuclearFusion
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PracticalApplicationsofNuclearTechnology:
HW#43 Page836 #38,42,68,69
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