Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 16



      . 
# %& # '  . * 
+  ,&' -  ./ 0/ 1.
 3  /  , 5 3 .
 /  6. / 1 /    1 / 
 -,  / - , 7. ..



 + /
 
3 , 5  3 / ,:, 3  7./


. 70

;
7./, 
3   3/.

0:
: 1

: >? '  # 0, /  0 '0


  :,  0  0 3'0,
'1   3  /  :, . 1  7;-
, 6  , / '7.
. 7; ,  , / # 3 #
 ' / #/   1.
A     #' 6  &3./.

%7 ./, 6,./ 0/ 1. 7 60'0, '1


 5 + 5  / 3 #.
#  7.
 # 1  7 , #  , . /
&-   /, # / 3 1 C#&
# / .
7 7./ 0*, , 0* C#  .
# +- C# D . / + 0 
7:  /  3 .
#, C#, * 1    ; E  7. /
0 3 & 3 > /. + A   
>    7 70 3 / 7.

 '   3 /  , :0.  /
3
, &
3

3
3 /. .
3 ;
,

, -
.
, 
3 1
  5+ - 7.  3' 7. 
 31.
/    '0 .  ? .: 1
.  .
' 1 5  / 3./0/. 67 6. 0
> ,
% 1 6 1.3./. 7 >
 ,  3/ : >/ / 1 #& 1.
#&  ' F &1   # 3 C& 
 F  /. /  : 1.

A   / E #; C&0 :  #/ E


'* 1  :, 6, :  1 /. 
'  / >-0 &'0.
; >-0 & '* 1 1 &
 0, F 1 #
&  0, 7 ; >- 3 '0  -0/.
;>-0
1
670
07. . 0
67.


1 #0
  # 6

>-0 0

3. D
6// .  
7 6 D >-0 6 1 1 7.  /D 
/ 1   /.

 3  E   /
1+  / /
 C %#, E, #70  07.  /
 3   /.
'0 C 3    , 3 .
 :  3./ 0 #& 3/.
3 3./ ,.70 %& 10 3 ,   /
3# 3 0* . # ' 1.
7 '0
  C#/. 
1   /.    >
: 1    G  ', 6
  76/.
D >70  D E 1 , , /  /07.
1. 
2., 
3.' 
4. .
I .  1+   6, , &,
 , 5 6  5  > E '1. . 1
,:  ,    .  '  '1 07.
.  7#J    31  & 
'    '/.  - . & 0
:, %7: ' /.   ' . 
  * ''1  # %7 %'0,
 # 1  7.
 5   , 7 ,3  -
 , 1 1 7.7. >70 "A" 7.
# 3 7#J  , '    
# 3- >-  /. 7 K: 
30 # , 70 ;, 1 * '/.
A  
1+  E  # ,3 

#&
'/.  

'
*  
: L7 &  '7. A  7./ .
'1   , E + - 7 / ,3
  '/.

1 7.  . 0, . 
0, .  0  170.   

1 /. 50
0 >7.

0.

, ?'1, ,   .  
 , 7, 1, 1, /*, , ,  5 0 &D
 .  ?J  '1&  
1>, .  7, ,, 1>, &, , 1, 7,, >, 1N ,
J 5   0 ;C  0 
.
3'





,
#&
'-0/. ; : > , 5, 3 1 .
.     / K# . 1 1 6
 / ' 3  %. . :; > 56 
'?, ?  D : >#.  
 .:   / 3#  O '0
    -07.

1 3./ 0 ,.? E  : 
   '  #6.
    1 3./   0 ,. / A
5  '* 1  #
0*  ,
#6 '1 .5./  /  #&
0 ,.?  /   /' 3/. A
# /'. +  C 5 '1  
7  ./0/.   7; 
7;- / /.
,&
 + / 0  &1  F .. > '
;C  ,&> 3#/  D >: 5 7/.
D ( ,& 1 , ;.  3 3  
P1
.
P'0

:

 0
:
>:
/0.)
/  + / ,&  . 3./   
61.  7 % 7. D 7 , % & 
G     ./. >:* '3./ 
'  7. / 1 / 7 %/
"3 #&1
L
  3 #&1 ,  1. 7 
, D ; 7 . /  3 #  
7 1  .  A3 ? ,7 3./ 
,  / 0 " 7.
3 1 5& ,7 C. 0, .&.>'7, .7.;. L#7
 7 3 * %-07.
70 % > /  , , P7 '  0#
>: #  ,& > #0/.
, #& 3# , /0 + / , 3 0 ..5 F 1
5 , #0 %/.  + /3 0  . ?
./07  '  7 3 C#& #7.
6 7 1 5 .5.5 F& / , 1 F&1
5   3.  - ,&'0 - 7
/ : F J  1  3. ,  ,&'*
 / 1 ,& 
% /.   F
'
O 5, 
O 5
.5.5
F&
#
,&
#:  5  % /. ?, ? # 

,&'0    3. 7 P7 D 7.
  ,& 7 >:0 19 F&  3:
'.  #, /  ,&' & /   % >: 1
1 7 , D >7. A > # 
?  70 >: >/ 3 #& #07.    
,&  : >- 3##&
 ./0 
.
19 F -0 . ,&'0. 17 F& ; / C&
+ / #& #. 7
L
57  '  0 + 
7
:

,&
?
1
. /
?
#
D
;C  ;C3    &5 7 7.
#6 10 3/. '0 &D    1  
 : ' 3/.
.   F0

'   F0


- 7

1S#

- 7

353 

7 30
#&
3 
 

- 7
- 7
- &T7 3 '7
- 3'1  3' 7

U :
1, 330 >, 7.7, .7, 60,'1, 7, L7, W, ,
:, , , ,  5 1 7 1, / #
U . '  #  / / U .
 0 >-00 3# &> / 3.7 5 3
67 1+ /.
U , , E 1 1 #/.  
30 >. 3 1 .     :
5 /  7 #
: '. A

1 7
3 , 7
1



3+
U 1 .  3 6 3 .
6U :
6U

&70 74 67 3 0


,:
,
' 67 #/. # , . F
% 7.
3, 1, , , /
5
5
#
+/
 11.
  / :

# F   /. / ' ' 67 /


#/. / 63 /, /,  -07.  5 ?
 ? .  5 /  /. 7
-, - %  F /.
'1 F :
 3 &
0 F. ./ 1 .F 
7, E7, 7, .7, 7 5 670 A33 F , F

&-07. 

 /

3.7
/07.  # 6 / 5 %T7 7 1 7.
:
# F*0
%/. F/
 67 1+ &-0/. 1 ;7 7 +-07.

1 . :
# ,  F/. ' 670 E7  /07. .
F? 1 ,3, ;7 3 +-07.
 :
./
?
U


F. 3.
7
'
'1&'7
 67 1+ # F  .
& 3+ 1 7.
 

- 7

3#&

- >7671+

3 

- 5

- '1& 37

5# -

7

-  W7

I F0 ' / F> % /.

' 55 A +


 ,
22  2012 17:33

A -+ /
+ /:
+ /
   3 / 3, L'0 ;C 
3. ,  + / 3/.  3 + / 3
L & /.  * 1 + / 31 5, 
& *, *, 6'*, '*,  7. 6 *, :
'* % 3, : 5+ &  /. D + / 3
 3 5+ / .   / 7; ./ +
./ A ' 1  /.
+ / &  3 A ' /. , L, 
 A
0
/
+ /
& 


A
' 3 . 3 A  ' + / 3/ 3
& .  / # /. 6'0 .

A # :

E 3 7 07; #&3 . , 3, ,
, ,  /? ;E 3 7 7; #& E
3 . 3 E  /  7 7;. 3 # #
  17. / 3   #  /
5 7;./ A /.  ? 1.
3   A #&-0/ , #  
E, , 3, , , ,  /? 3 7
7; #&, 3  # E 3./0/ .
A '   #'0  7.
  /# 0:
0
 A # / C   
#
3 .5. 5, 4 K1. L  A
# /      # 3 (7 5 7 J
J  ) .5. 1 K 5 .. 2 F #1.
3  A # / L ./ ? . 
7?    #
3 170   7* 1 
.7 .. 4 K 5 .. 8 F 1.
 A # /     

#
3
.5. 8
K
5 .5. 3
F

#1. (: 1.  Y&-Ancient_ reek_language, Classical_Latin, Sanskrit_literature, 2. GJ


.
, - 7)
 ,  C    #  #
, L A '1.      # 
# A  '1. . 17   
#  # 3 A '1.
  &:
&
   / #0 ./ 5&. 0 1. 0,
/? 7 7;., 3  # E, 3 A
# 5&-  3  , 3  &
>.
 -3
3 A :

.  , .   &, /   A


# / ' # 5 / 1 3  7.  70
3, ' ' A '  ' , /07. 3
 7*,  '  1 3 / .
. 70 3 , 3,  A '- ', SC

L
'-  7.  6  70 7.
7Z  7#:
7#
'1 / 6 ' 3 7Z  7# 70 77
 
3
& /
#, J
 
3
,
7. 7, , , ,
77, '7
7
F-, , , '0,  - 3 E & 7.
1963 5 3 E F & /  31 #7. /
 , L A F,  E & 7. ,
SC, 7 
L
  & ./,  F- ,
& 7.
L
. ?'1, . F 76 E ,

& 7. +/ 7    ,
(: www.karkanirka.org/2008/09/18/tamil_classical).  3 /* 1 3.



37.

1.1S
S '.
'

. + /  
% +/  1.    5
1 .. - *   . 
>./  :. ,& 3./ (3./) 3 # .
  . 3 +/.  3 3./ 5?
# 
/. 3 3 # 3 
/. 7 S '. Benjamin Guy Baprngton(1830),An account of the sculptures and inscriptions at
Mahamalaipur. TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYALASIATIC SOCIETY. VOL 2.(paper read on 12.07.1828)

2.
 >'.
>'
.; :, , 3 -  ,  
 /: 3 /. .   E
& 7 C ?'1, , , /*     /
 3/. . () 3. 7.
 >'. Reverend Henry Hoisington(1853); Brief notes on the Tamil Language . JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ORIEANTAL
SOCIETY III Article(ix) (paper read on 9.05.1852)
3.7
7.
7
7 .7
 * 1 ;    . 
;     ? . 
;   ./0 76  . '  5
 0 A  ,  ;*0 ;.*0
 . 3 / 0, 6, S *0 ' ,  
6 / 1 3  3\ 0/. '0   : 1

%& + / '0 '
3\  0 
  0 7./  ,. 7 7.. 7 (2004).
(NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE PAST: CLASSICAL TAMIL IN CONTEMPORARY TAMIL; Edrs Kannan M and carlos Mena Institute Francais de
Pondichery.)
4.
.
.D
D.
D

 D   N# 0> '1 .(' )


   >. . '0 ? . 0
%   ?,  1 ;? .   3 % 0
0:  : ; 
%  0* ;, '
-; ,  7 C#&D   7; &0 ,
C# 3 ,/. 7 :    / # A 0;
/ # .       SC .
7  6   7, >7 .. D.
5.
7  C
   A:  1 ; > %  # .
 *0  one of the finest monuments of human intelligence. 0 . 
?  . 3 /  30 >- % /.

# , /# F0 (  2300 0) ;#  7 1 5 1880-1910


 ./. .  .   
#/. SC  7 7 >70, 7; 
. * 1 ;'  0; .,  
 6  '  '   >/0 Y# '
 ./  0 3  07.

.  . ?  6 %
   ,  5 >./.

/ / #

'


#
A :, 
:  '1 6 >./; / 3  : 
>./;  >-0 &; A   3/
 >./  .
; A (' )   ; 0 3 /. 
#6  . '0 / 1 3./  % 0 +'0
  .  * 1 57 A '0,  
(
>7) 1 /0

#
&-
7

0. .
5

, -6 #0
 - 6 >..

6.7Z
7Z .7#
 7#.
7#
5   1 /. 
  57 3 / .

'* 1

  6 # (3 3./ ) . I 1,


6 1.  1 , 0, 6, 53(aesthetics)
/; 
&



,

/ 1    (unique) /.
E 3, , , 6  ' . 1
 >./   . / K K6 /; 
30 / (5 . ' /    &/
 #); . / 1 / +'
%/. A 
& /  . #:   .
. #- - 71 & ' 
 5 >./.  .  +  / /
 3 1 0'   ,.  1 7 7Z .7#.
; 70 7 -.. '0 5, 1.(7,8). 2.(8,9). 3.(16,74). 4.(75). 5.
(64,68,69,70,71). 6.(72,7)
 3 A 1, '  3  /
1 #  7 6 /1.  '
 / .5 3  F 5 . 2  F 5 F0 1.
#  473 7 #, 2381 >-0 (102 >-0* 1 70 7
),   ' ' '
3( 
-5. , : 48 ).
A * + /:
+ /
3  A '0 31  E F* 1 5
 + / 5 3 3    A '
0 1  . A ' # .5 5 , 4 
F ,  + / .5 8  F& #/. L A
' # .5 5 F 5 . 2  F , 
+ / .5 6  F& #/.( : Greek_alphabet, Latin_alphabet)
A '
,  + / .5 15 
' # . 4 
+  , . 2

# .5 8  F 5 .5 3  F
F&1 5 #/. 3 A
F 5 . 8  F , 
 F&   // /' #/.

(  / , 7 , #  # + / 5
1.   .5 3  F 1. 1 5 . * 1 + / 5
 3/.)
-.
. + /:
+ /
' A ' # .5 3  F 5 . 2  F
(' 
7 E7, 7 7  .5 3 
F 1)   + / 5 .5 3  F 1,  E
F* 1 5  3 . /  + / 5 1 
7. A+ / 5 .5 500 1 5  3  1
'0 /0.

   + / .5 500 1 5#/ 7 ;T7 >: 17


7. E7 70. ;T, + / .5 1500 5 .5 500
# 7./  , & .5 500 1 5#/   (C7 .5 8  F)
7. E7 70 , /07 ( 17.2.2005 ./ , preliminary thermoluminescence
dating &.)  7 3., 3. 7* 3
'* >/07. (Source: Tamils Heritage-Natana. Kasinathan, pages 23 to 35)
A '  & &-, ;T7 >: 17
7. E7 ,  7 3., 3. 7 >:
5&:&-,   + + / .5 500 1 5#/ /
/.
.    # .5 3  F 5 , ,
  +'
 A '0 #  '1
 0 .  A '0 /' 7, 600 0
/  3  A '0 #.
35 + /:
+ /
. 2  F 1 5 3 1 + /   , . 2 F 1
5. . 0 #0, '0, 0,   + /;  0
? 3  /  >: 5&: 1. .'1 ,
, 3 C , 0 3..  3,
 #  C , 0 3 .
. 150  5 5 3 +# #0  . 
7 &.&. 70 /  .  F 17. ( .350,  6.)
. 3 + /    +#/. 3  . + /
5 . + / .. 3  F& 3/. / 3 
. + / 5 , / 1  ./ F / 
3/.
5 . A :

 # , . 3, 3 0  1
3.. 1 + 35  1 3..  .
C 7  /:   % . &.&.
70, C7 / ,3 ; 7    /  /
3. , 7. ( .,  6, .410.) . 5+/ 




A
50

60
/:

  % >/.

# , ., A
5
'


 5 5 + / 5 3 3 . 
 5 . 2
 F  . 1 5+/  :
3  ./ # : 0 :  1 3.

, ,   +'
 A '
: 3./.  . 1 3 5
0 0 C 3. +? A '0 -
1 : 7; 3 .

3

.
2 
F


5
5
#
 #/.  A  '0 . 4  F  
3.  . 3  0 C
. 2  F 3 . , 3, 3  .

5
5
+ /
5
33
>. (  
&& 5 A '     # 5
. + / 5 33 .  #&  * 
 /.)
 # .5.3  F 5 A ' 1 
 7; 3./    E , 3, ,
, , ,  / /?  . E'  3
7 7;  E 3.3 .
. C 4 A 0 ' , / 0/. 5  - 
35 1  , ?'1 * A .
 ' , #.    A
# / .5. 3
5 .. 2  F 1. 3  A # /
.. 4 5 .. 8  F 17 5 1 . 5 1.
,?'1
 ?'1 0:
0
7 (Renati Cholas), . 6  F& ## ?'1  5
#   /0/. ?'1  5 F >
 . 11  F; 7./ 1. ?'1   
7  . 15  F 5 . 17  F #
1.
  5 #  7 ## . 5  F; 7.
 #1 (Halmidi Inscription).   5  . 9  F;
7.  7  (Kaviraja maarga) 1.   .. 10 5 .. 12  F
1. ?'1  3  '*   A
 60   1000 0 / 0 1. (: 1. 
. - Y, ; 87,185. 2.  Y&; Telugu_language, kannada_language.)
? ?'1  5 # #& 7*,  
5 # #&  7*  . ' ,/. 
70
'

17.
7,

  76 70.
+/ ?'1,  C 1 '  . #/
'  1/. ;   ,./, >./ &3.
1 7  '  % /. '  3,
F0 / 3, 3, 6 , ?'1 0
3.  * & .    >' 1853 ,
 3./ 3 , , ?'1, , /* 0
3 1#7.
, A '* 1 ,   , 3
3 0 # A 1 1 .   '
?'1,  * A  ' , #0. 

?'1

A

70


,.

 :

 ..5  F& +  +#/. 1 5 1 + /


. .. 712  +#   kojiki (Records of ancient matter)  F +/
1 5  F1. ..5 5 ..8  F
 16 F 1000  16 ( Manyoshiu )  , . 759 
1 # F 1.  4000 0 0. /  
 16 1.   #
3/
..9 5 ..12  F  ( Heian period ) # 1. # 
Y#  3 7;  E 3./. (Source; A History of Japanese Literature By William
George Aston, pages; 18,34,35,54.)
  ..5  F& /'#/.   ..9 5 ..12
 F 1.   ? ?'1    * 1
/ /  /. ; . ' /. D
70  3 A ' , . 7*
'0 3 A
%
0. A
7 ' , # , L, , , N, 3,   0
/
2000 0
;  
; 7

'
;   +' C;
3 1.
'  -3
3 :

' '0 1 / C+/  # -, 1 # 


-, 31 ./ S/ 3 1 # +/ 0 -,
 '0 ! ' -  0 &/
.  0*+/ # '   E 
/ /* 1 / / :* 1 3 >
-  3  0 5&-.  E  3 # ' '0
#  /, /: 1 , # 1## + / 
.
 : 3 1, '     '
E  .   5&: > 5&/  ?. (
70  5+/ '0 .
  , '  6,./ ./07.
  0  ?,  >.? /0. (: 1.
7 - , ; 36, 68. 2.  ->, ; 48-65&120-138) 
/ :0 /: '  . #&7 1 ./ 
6,. 0.)
56 1#  * 1 ## '  3. ?,
70 5 70 7
 . ' , ;
   5 71 7  C/; 
/, /; ;
7:

# , 30
5
> : 3 /. #   1
L
.  '  3 /.

'

:


/ 7 7  ' ' 70,  5


&  ; E  / ? 3./, '
/07. ;>   E , ./#  / 6 * 
: &3.7  >/.    *
>.

./ , 24.6.2010  6  #& 7   70,


' ,  . , 0  : &3.7 
>7. / 1 6  1 + 0 70 % /  /
+ 1 :  .   '  &3./
  / # 7  17. (Source : An epigraphic perspective on the antiquity of Tamil Iravatham
Mahadevan, dt 24.6.2010, The Hindu)

.  30 >:  22.11.2005 ./  7* 1  /


. # 3 >, .  C7 1,00,000 #0 /0
 ,   # 60,000 #0 0  , . 60,000, 5% #

#0  , ] 0 #0 /  #  
1#0/. .  -, ., Y#   .  
:  3./  , /.
'  E  / 3, ./ #   :
&3.7  '   7  '
7 /,   E, /? , 7 7;
.3./ 1 3  /.
&.&
&.
:

 , 7   1 . 0* . .
7
3 /. 1 
.

F
+

7
&.&. 7 3  / # 3 7. 7 3 7 7 :
7. 
.  . 7, 
7* 1  0  #& 3  + 1; #C1,
7......... , , &7   70  #& 7; 3.?
/ 7  7. (  : 396 .,  6)

 3 '0 1 / . 7, ....... A  -
. >3./   & 3 /" ; # 3 ; 7
3  1 / C7. (  : 410  .). 550   .
F ; 7,  # , 30 5 > , 7
7; . ' E 1   1 /: . 7
7; .  ' E 1 / /: 7, .  ,70
.,  # 3 3  ,/ 1 / 3 7.
(  : 293  .)

 '  1 / .7, 7 ,  . F0,


#0 / , , & C0 1 / 1 . 37. 
7  / #,  ' ' > 3./
 #, +/ 3 . 7  7 1 /  /?
. 0 1 /   0 0?  7. 6 *
6'*  .  1.  0 7   ' 
 #0, JJ   , F0 /
C0 1 / C. ,  7 '  3 /. D
7 1 / ./ 0 / / 1 / 7 3. /
5 / 7 3/7.
.

#:
#

'1

56
1#

,  
&
:
%
36. 3 7  &.&. 70 A '
'  E ,  C 7  / 1/,
/ .  7 3 76  #/. . 3
76  . 7 #,  70 # .
75 3 /. / 3 1, . / . #
3./  C/,  C/,    / 7; /

  5 3 1 3 ,/. ('1 .


# / 3
7


/ 1,  1, 1
#
1.) .
+/ #  .   -, .
 70  '1 #.

#0 >>'  / /? - D (6/;,)


.  '  3   1.  ' &
 #& 5;'  # E  ''0 3.. &
7
 . ''0
'. / 3.
5' 
:3, 57* '7  %#&3.?, ;' ; 7. F0 /
. /
'
6 
/. 


'0 : ./ . E/ ' / 5 3  &


 .   670  '7. '0
# ? 3 S-0. . '0 '  ./
0 ,/ :.
' '0

' 1 , # , /#,   1, ,





 0. 



7 7. / 3 F ?, ' , E 3
   3/. # / .1 F , , U ,
6U , 1 ., , ,,   /

#
F
11.
/#&
353 , 5#, , / S, 1S
#,
#&,   / F0 0. # , /# F0 , 6
   , #0.    - + -
- /
#
F0
0. 
30*7

3 10
1 1. '
&0

5, ; 7

- ' E    1  3.

  0
' ' , + 7 , , JJ, J# 7
.1 * 1  7 76 1#07.
, C 1 3. , , & #70  / # 0
% . ' /

1
#
#
C

1/. , , W67,   ' 0# >:*
7  &  /.
'  
'   7* D 3  .
'   1,  '1# 33 7  >
'

71
&
/. ;>
, L,
 F0  /. ?, .. 5 F; 7. 
70 #  '0   1  #0.
, , , 
'
&
, '
'  .5. E F&3./ .. E F 
5&: 1 .


'  , , & 60 # 6,.7. 163./ .
6  : ./ 0.
70
  1 70 #6,.7. 7/  S. 5 /
5'0 &   5. W 70 .7. .. 5 F;
7. 6T7
# #7 E 50  1/.
7

 
/
% /. 3

, 

S,  '1# 7  . 77.


 '1# ..  F; 7.. / ' &0

7. >1#
6



6
1 1. 

.
#7

5& .
#& 6  /  # '1# 5 .

/

&
 
.. 
15+ 1  '   1 0# 70 ./ 7.
70
 3; # 3./ 1 .   1 ' 
 #/. 7  5 P,? 7 6,? 3./. '
; 7 6 >. , . / , 7 0 1 /
#& , /. 70, &70, 3 1 70 ' ,
%#&: ,  , 5& . . ; ' 0
 1#0/.   3 7  . 1. 
/ 1 7 &; >. , 7 0  5+-
7 ##& .. / #
 5 '/.
 3   ,.  #& ; 6 3/. ,
 1  , . L7 ,- 
# .
&70

 1 #& ' &70 # 6,.7. 7 


/. &, 5/1 3+, 5 3 7 5
& 77. , . S,  :,  5
/
, :

3.7. 37
' /;
3
S.    '1& 37 67 #7.  S
# 3. '     , , 
L
3 1
7
' . A
, S

/
##&  .7.  /5  -, & #& E
3 1 / '1& 37 /
S , /07. 
3+ 3 6 & . 70   '
&70 # ;./.
L
1 70
'  1 70 5 '7. ,, ,, ,, , , >,  
+ 00 1 7 70.  67 , / 7. ,
, & #7* 1 70 &.70  ?  # 1
- 6+  .7.
' 
'  6 5&# 5 3./. ;7, 67, 7
7  # .. , , 1#, 3,
7  3/ 7 70 O#& 7. , , 0 
7
#
71. 7, ] 7

&
7
3/
71. A3 ' 15 '* -, ' 3.7.
&7

] . 7* 1
6, 7* 1
, 6. 
1
7* ,* 3.7.
L
# 3 1  3 ,0
3.7. 70 ./ 1+ , #&3.7 ;70, .70, 70,
^/70, 70. '


7

#&3./. A&3
#3 . -, 1, & - &3.7.
 5 3> ,. #   ] / C'5 O #/. 67
/5  #&3. C' ,0  #& 1/. ,/
 0 3#0 C 3\ 1 5 3 ./. *
3* 1 , #.. 0      :
?  #.
' E
./ ,:0   1/.
- 1S, - 7. 1

- 5, >; 0
- 3,  '0
- >,  1
- ,  W
. ' . 0  :7- - 3.7.
1. 1S 5

:0 53 (: #,   )

2. 5 5

:0  (_I) (: ,  76,  3#0  )

3. 3 5 :0 . ( : )
4. > 5 :0 3 (: ]  & , 6  )
5. 5

:0  (: 0& )

1 0 7, .7, 7, 7 1 /  % /. *


7 7 7  #7. '      .7 5
'1 7. 70   #7. 70 7  >7.
'1& 7 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 67 3 '
5  ' 7.  '1& 70, 370, 70,
70 3  .7.


'  5
:0 53 /   :0 7 #7.
53


>./. 53
7
 0
'

1#0. 0
L
D , .  (_I), . (.),
3,   :0- '  #7. L  / 
 '  5 /  '/. 7  /
L
-
-    / L  #/. #& 1
. 70
L
 160 ' L 0  #0. L 7
 : 1.

7
'  7 1 / ./ 0 ' ' 0
0. A7, ;07, &7   670  ./
 1  ' '-07. , 
L
1 /  
1#0. 6


+
#/. 
3
3./. 0 '0  / ,: >- ,
3.7. 3D, 

:
,
3./. 5 
#   #   #/. 7*, 71&3
#&  , / 7.

K0
, , #&  K0 '  6 '. 70, 1
70, 71&7 7 67* 1 ,C 3# ' , 7.
7, 7  & 70 >  3.7. #6
? #6 '? 7;  70 '  .7. -
5 1 7; 3./. ' ''   *
5C* 1#0. 7  ./ '7. % /  .
+/ ./.
'  3
 5  1.  5  7 1, 36, 3 , 1, S, S0,
',  0 - ,#. , 1  1  6
1. #&?, & #&?  5 1.

'  0  3.. :, , ;C, 


#, 0, -7.
0, .


'0
>

3
1.
3#* 1

0
3..
 '  0#   #  C C  /. 3
 
#


>#
/0
7.
5
3..
L:,  : /0 ># ' 
0 1. P,  ># 3 * 1 
3 #/.
0#   # 7  '  1 #&3./. ' '0,
 F0     0 / 1 
3. &? '10  #  E:, 70 3#


>7. 0#

3?

5
& /.
.1, C* 1 # 7  /. 
C

1
6,-

./. /5#&
67
# 7 7 /.  6 3# .
, 0 . /5 1 ./ . &, 5, , , , 
  C C  /5'1. #  1 / ,6`J F
,7 , 
%-07. JJ, Y,J, L  
70 # '   0 '0   1

. '     :   #&

7
0
a

 /
0.
3 0, 1, S, >, ', S0   3#0, .
. 3#0, 5 / 0   -7. 0  '  
>#
3#1. ', 10, 
/0

5
11.
'  5&:

.. E F&  '  5&: 1 '/. C7 


F0 70 /
7. 70 #1 / 1


. 
6
5,
5
5 /
3.. 7
7
#&#
1
#&
7*, 1
#& &7*  # 7.

You might also like