Introduction to Valve Technology

Presented by

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What is an Ideal Valve?

Shuts off or controls the rate of flow into, inside of, or out of piping or other closed conduits. When open, offers the least resistance possible to the flowing product When closed, seals tightly permitting no fluid to pass. Resistant to bending loads and vibration on the associated piping. Impervious to corrosion. Uneffected by erosive particulate matter. Withstands damage from large objects in the fluid stream. Tolerates temperature extremes or cycling.

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What is Reality?
Actual valves rarely approach the ideal performance of the perfect valve. The engineer and user must compromise, weighing the value of each performance quality against the cost to provide it.

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Types of Valves
Valve types range from simple shut off devices to complex servosystems. Sizes vary from tiny metering valves used in aerospace applications to pipeline and industrial valves weighing tons. Operating pressures may be as high as 100,000 psi or as low as a vacuum. Temperatures may be as low as the cryogenic region or as high as those of molten metals. Leakage requirements may be very strict where even the tiniest leak may be disastrous, or they may have lenient where loss is of minor importance.

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Valves Classifications
Valves may be classified in different ways such as : 1. the function 2. the closure member

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Valve classification 1- By Function

Shut-off Valves Non-return Valves Control Valves Safety Valves

scope of this presentation are Shutoff and Non-return valves only

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Valve classification 2 - By Closure Member

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Gate Valves Globe Valves Pinch Valves Rising Stem Ball Valves Ball Valves Butterfly valves Plug valves Check Valves a. Piston Check b. Ball Check c .Swing Check

Multi Turn

Quarter Turn Non Return

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.1- Gate Valves

Gate valves are characterized by a sliding gate which is moved perpendicular to the direction of flow.

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Gate Valve Examples

2.1- Gate Valves

1/2 800 GATE VALVE BOLTED BONNET - OS&Y

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Gate Valve Examples

2.1- Gate Valves

48 150 GATE VALVE BOLTED BONNET - OS&Y

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Gate Valve Examples

2.1- Gate Valves

GATE VALVE INSIDE SCREW WATER SERVICE

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Gate Valve Examples

2.1- Gate Valves

GATE VALVES PARALLEL SLIDE GATE FOR POWER PLANT

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Gate Valve Examples

2.1- Gate Valves

GATE VALVES Bellows Sealed and 16

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Gate Valve Examples

2.1- Gate Valves

GATE VALVE FOR WELLHEAD PARALLEL SLIDE SLAB GATE

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Gate Valve Examples

2.1- Gate Valves

KNIFE GATE VALVE

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.2- Globe Valves

Globe valves have a closure member, usually in the form of disc or plug, which is moved by a stem perpendicular to a ring shaped seat. Globe valves are used primarily for throttling purpose.

 2006 OMB Valves

Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Globe Valve Examples

2.2- Globe Valves

Straight pattern globe valve have a limited flow coefficient due to the 90 angle of the flow passage The seat can be renewable (screwed-in) or integral ( a weld deposit of Stellite Gr 6)

Straight (std) Pattern GLOBE VALVE

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Globe Valve Examples

2.2- Globe Valves

The stem and closure member is assembled at an angle to maximize the flow coefficient (CV) of the valves (limiting the loss of speed) Usually welded bonnet, and in high pressure for Steam service

Y Pattern GLOBE VALVE

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Globe Valve Examples

2.2- Globe Valves

The entire stem, stem packing and back seating arrangement is isolated from the flow bore by a flexible metallic bellows. The bellows is attached to the bottom end of the stem and to the bonnet by welding.

BELLOWS SEAL GLOBE VALVE

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Globe Valve Examples

2.2- Globe Valves

The entire stem, stem packing and back seating arrangement is isolated from the flow bore by a flexible metallic bellows. The bellows is replaceable (screwed on the stem).

ECO-L-VALVE Compact Bellows Sealed Globe Valve for Steam and DowTherm

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Globe Valve Examples

2.2- Globe Valves

In this small globe valve, the closure member is a tapered needle point plug which acts against a small orifice.

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.4- Rising Stem Ball Valves

Similar in appearance to a ball valve, it employs a mechanical wedge closure in which the seal is squeezed tight by the downward motion of the stem.

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.3- Pinch Valves

Uses a rigid bar to press against a flexible element such as a diaphragm or rubber tube to pinch off the flow. Is used in systems carrying slurries, as they are low in cost, and insensitive to contamination.

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

The ball valve is basically a ported sphere in a housing. Rotation of the sphere by 90 changes the position from open to closed and from closed to open.

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Ball Valves Example Side Entry

Ball assembled from the side of the body

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Ball Valves Example Top Entry

Ball assembled from the top of the body

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Ball Valves Example Side Entry, Trunnion Mounted Ball
Side Entry Ball Valves may be: - three piece - two piece Generally, three-piece valve is forged body, while two-piece valve is cast body.
2 1500 Class Two-piece Cast Body Duplex Stainless Steel

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Ball Valve Example

TOP ENTRY 30,900 Class Cast Body

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Ball Valve Example

Top Entry 30 900 Class Forged Body

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.5- Ball Valves

Three-Way Ball Valves

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.6- Butterfly Valves

Consists of a disc which rotates about a shaft in a housing. Disc closes against a ring seal to stop flow. Used mainly in low pressure systems where some leakage may be tolerated.

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.7- Plug Valves

Plug valves have the closure member as a tapered plug having a rectangular port. The plug is rotated through 90 to open and close the valve.

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

2.8- Check Valves

Check valves (also known as non-return valves) are automatic valves that prevent a return or reverse flow of the fluid. They require no external force to operate.

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Check Valve Examples

2.8- Check Valves

Dual Plate Wafer Type Check Valve
Main advantages : - low weight - small dimensions - horizontal and vertical installation

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Valves Classification 2 .By Closure Member

Check Valve Examples

2.8- Check Valves

Check Valves
42 600 Check Valve, featuring buttweld ends and welded pupjoints complete with damping device (Shell Oman Pipeline)