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Passive Filters: Dr. Holbert April 21, 2008
Passive Filters: Dr. Holbert April 21, 2008
Lect22
EEE 202
Introduction
We shall explore networks used to filter signals, for example, in audio applications
Today: passive filters: RLC components only, but gain < 1 Next time: active filters: op-amps with RC elements, and gain > 1
Lect22
EEE 202
Filter Networks
Filters pass, reject, and attenuate signals at various frequencies Common types of filters:
Low-pass: deliver low frequencies and eliminate high frequencies High-pass: send on high frequencies and reject low frequencies Band-pass: pass some particular range of frequencies, discard other frequencies outside that band Band-rejection: stop a range of frequencies and pass all other frequencies (e.g., a special case is a notch filter)
Lect22 EEE 202 3
Low Pass
Frequency
High Pass
Frequency
Band Pass
Gain Gain Frequency
Band Reject
Frequency
Lect22
EEE 202
Passive Filters
Passive filters use R, L, C elements to achieve the desired filter The half-power frequency is the same as the break frequency (or corner frequency) and is located at the frequency where the magnitude is 1/2 of its maximum value The resonance frequency, 0, is also referred to as the center frequency We will need active filters to achieve a gain greater than unity
Lect22 EEE 202 5
VS
Low Pass
VS
High Pass
GR = R / (R + 1/sC)
HR = R / (R + sL)
GC = (1/sC) / (R + 1/sC)
Lect22 EEE 202
HL = sL / (R + sL)
6
Z = R + 1/sC + sL
R VS
+
Low Pass
C Band Reject L
HBP = R / Z
HLP = (1/sC) / Z
HHP = sL / Z HBR = HLP + HHP
High Pass
Lect22
EEE 202
Lect22
EEE 202
Lect22
EEE 202
10
Types of Filters
Butterworth flat response in the passband and acceptable roll-off Chebyshev steeper roll-off but exhibits passband ripple (making it unsuitable for audio systems) Bessel yields a constant propagation delay Elliptical much more complicated
Lect22 EEE 202 11
Class Examples
Compare the frequency responses of fourth-order Butterworth and Chebyshev low-pass filters [use Excel to compute and produce Bode magnitude plots]
Butterworth: (s + 1.8478 s + 1)(s + 0.7654 s + 1) Chebyshev: (2.488 s + 1.127 s + 1)(1.08 s + 0.187 s + 1)