Problem 1.

52

[Difficulty: 4]

Given: Find: Solution:

American golf ball, m = 1.62 0.01 oz, D = 1.68 in. Precision to which D must be measured to estimate density within uncertainty of 1percent. Apply uncertainty concepts

Definition: Density,

4 = 3 R3 = D 6

Computing equation:

2 x R 2 u R = 1 u x + L R x1 1

From the definition,

m m = D = 6D = (m, D)
3/6 3

Thus

m m

= 1 and

D D

= 3 , so

u = [(1 u m ) 2 + (3 u D ) 2 ] 2
1

2 2 u2 = um + 9 uD

Solving,
2 2 2 uD = 1 3 [u u m ]
1

From the data given,

u = 0.0100 um = 0.01 oz = 0.00617 1.62 oz

1 1 u D = [(0.0100) 2 (0.00617) 2 ] 2 = 0.00262 or 0.262% 3 D Since u D = D , then

D = D u D = 1.68 in.x 0.00262 = 0.00441 in.

The ball diameter must be measured to a precision of 0.00441 in.( 0.112 mm) or better to estimate density within 1percent. A micrometer or caliper could be used.