Professional Documents
Culture Documents
As 3007.3 - Electrical Installations
As 3007.3 - Electrical Installations
As 3007.3 - Electrical Installations
31987
Australian StandardR
Electrical installations Surface mines and associated processing plant Part 3: General requirements for equipment and ancillaries
This Australian standard was prepared by Committee EL/33, Electrical Installations for Outdoor Sites Under Heavy Conditions (Including Opencast Mines and Quarries). It was approved on behalf of the Council of the Standards Association of Australia on 27 February 1987 and published on 4 May 1987.
The following interests are represented on Committee EL/33: Association of Consulting Engineers Australia Australian Electrical and Electronic Manufacturers Association Australian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Confederation of Australian Industry Department of Industrial Relations, N.S.W. Department of Mines, Qld Department of Mines, Tas. Electricity Supply Association of Australia Mining Interests
Review of Australian Standards. To keep abreast of progress in industry, Australian Standards are subject to periodic review and are kept up to date by the issue of amendments or new editions as necessary. It is important therefore that Standards users ensure that they are in possession of the latest edition, and any amendments thereto. Full details of all Australian Standards and related publications will be found in the Standards Australia Catalogue of Publications; this information is supplemented each month by the magazine The Australian Standard, which subscribing members receive, and which gives details of new publications, new editions and amendments, and of withdrawn Standards. Suggestions for improvements to Australian Standards, addressed to the head office of Standards Australia, are welcomed. Notification of any inaccuracy or ambiguity found in an Australian Standard should be made without delay in order that the matter may be investigated and appropriate action taken.
AS 3007.31987
Australian StandardR
Electrical installations Surface mines and associated processing plant Part 3: General requirements for equipment and ancillaries
PUBLISHED BY STANDARDS AUSTRALIA (STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA) 1 THE CRESCENT, HOMEBUSH, NSW 2140
ISBN 0 7262 4615 8
PREFACE
This standard was prepared by the Associations Committee on Electrical Installations for Outdoor Sites Under Heavy Conditions (Including Opencast Mines and Quarries) to supersede AS 3007, Part 31982. It is essentially identical with IEC 6213* which was prepared by the corresponding IEC Technical Committee, i.e. TC 71. Where this standard deviates technically from IEC 6213 by way of different or additional requirements, this is indicated by a rule in the margin against the clause, or part thereof, affected. A summary of such technical variations is given in the Annex. The Australian committee (EL/33) has actively participated in the work of IEC TC 71 which has as its objective the development of uniform and internationally acceptable rules for the safe use of electricity in opencast mines, quarries, stockpiles and the like. Such applications present particularly onerous conditions for the electrical apparatus and systems, including continual alteration of the location of the apparatus and systems, extension of the operational area, and adverse environmental conditions. Because of the size of the plant and the need for mobility, supply is frequently at high voltage over long distances, by means of trailing cables. This should be compared with other industries where the electrical installations are generally fixed. The AS 3007 series specifies requirements for the installation and operation of electrical apparatus and systems in the abovementioned locations, with the object of ensuring the safety of persons, livestock and property. AS 3007.1 outlines the scope of the composite standard and provides definitions for some of the terms used. AS 3007.2 specifies the measures which are required for protection against electric shock in normal service from direct contact with live parts; for protection against electric shock from parts which may become live in the event of a fault (indirect contact); and for protection against the effects of overcurrent resulting from overload or short circuit conditions. AS 3007.3 (this standard) specifies general requirements for the equipment and ancillaries associated with the electrical installation. AS 3007.4 sets out the requirements which are specific to particular installations, together with any exemptions from the general requirements of AS 3007.2 and AS 3007.3 which apply for such installations. AS 3007.5 sets out the normal operating procedures which should be carried out to ensure the safety of personnel. The AS 3007 series recognizes several types of power supply system and specifies the protective measures which are necessary for each system. Requirements for the protection of personnel from indirect contact (see Section 2 of AS 3007.2) are based on the concept of permissible voltage versus time limits, which take into account the pathophysiological effects of electric current passing through the human body, the typical industry conditions, and the probability of persons being in contact with the plant. In this and other respects the AS 3007 series differs in approach from the practically evolved requirements of AS 3000, SAA Wiring Rules. It will therefore be necessary for the regulatory authorities concerned to clearly delineate the respective areas of application for the AS 3007 series and for AS 3000.
Accessed by HOMESTAKE GOLD of AUSTRALIA LTD on 17 Apr 2002
E Copyright STANDARDS AUSTRALIA Users of Standards are reminded that copyright subsists in all Standards Australia publications and software. Except where the Copyright Act allows and except where provided for below no publications or software produced by Standards Australia may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from Standards Australia. Permission may be conditional on an appropriate royalty payment. Requests for permission and information on commercial software royalties should be directed to the head office of Standards Australia. Standards Australia will permit up to 10 percent of the technical content pages of a Standard to be copied for use exclusively inhouse by purchasers of the Standard without payment of a royalty or advice to Standards Australia. Standards Australia will also permit the inclusion of its copyright material in computer software programs for no royalty payment provided such programs are used exclusively inhouse by the creators of the programs. Care should be taken to ensure that material used is from the current edition of the Standard and that it is updated whenever the Standard is amended or revised. The number and date of the Standard should therefore be clearly identified. The use of material in print form or in computer software programs to be used commercially, with or without payment, or in commercial contracts is subject to the payment of a royalty. This policy may be varied by Standards Australia at any time.
CONTENTS
Page SCOPE OF PART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . REFERENCED DOCUMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 1. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 5
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 DESIGN AND SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RELEVANT STANDARDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OPERATING CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SITE CONDITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . EARTH TERMINAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . NOISE LIMITATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ROTATING MACHINES
SECTION 2. 10 11
6 6
SECTION 3. 12 13 14 15 16
CORE, COIL AND TANK BRACING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ENCLOSURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DUST EXCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROTECTION FROM FIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . POLLUTION BY COOLING MEDIUM (COOLANT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . STATIC CONVERTERS
7 7 7 7 7
SECTION 4. 17 18
Accessed by HOMESTAKE GOLD of AUSTRALIA LTD on 17 Apr 2002
19 20 21 22
OVERVOLTAGE LIMITATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTERFERENCE WITH COMMUNICATION AND CONTROL SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ELECTRICAL COUPLING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROTECTION AGAINST INTERACTION BETWEEN EARTHING SYSTEMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FEEDBACK SUPERVISION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIMITATION OF HARMONICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SWITCHING DEVICES
7 7 7 7 7 7
SECTION 5. 23 24 25 26
PREVENTION OF UNINTENTIONAL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ISOLATORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . INTERRUPTING CAPABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERSONNEL PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CABLE SELECTION AND APPLICATION
7 7 7 7
SECTION 6. 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
PHASE CONDUCTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ARMOURING AS PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIMITING TEMPERATURES UNDER SHORT CIRCUIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROTECTION AGAINST PARTIAL DISCHARGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SEMICONDUCTING LAYERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROVISION OF SCREENS AND/OR ARMOURING FOR CABLES ABOVE 1000 V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IDENTIFICATION OF PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
Page 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 PARTIAL DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . TERMINATIONS OF FLEXIBLE CABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . POWER CABLE TWIST LIMITATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SHEATHING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SEGREGATION OF POWER AND CONTROL CORES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SEPARATION OF CABLES IN RACKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BENDING RADIUS FOR FLEXIBLE CABLES OVER 25 MM DIAMETER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CABLE CONNECTORS 10 10 8 8 8 9 9 9 9
SECTION 7. 42 43
SECTION 8.
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 DRUM RATING FACTORS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 CABLE TENSION LIMITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 DRUM DIAMETERS FOR FLEXIBLE CABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 PERMISSIBLE REDUCTIONS IN DRUM DIAMETERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 REQUIREMENTS FOR CABLE S BENDS AND DIRECTION CHANGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SECTION 9. 49 50 51 52 CONTROL CIRCUITS AND CONTROL DEVICES
10 10 10 10 10 10
PREVENTION OF UNINTENTIONAL OPERATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIMITATION OF LEAKAGE AND CAPACITANCE CURRENTS UNEARTHED CONTROL CIRCUITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . MONITORING OF INSULATION UNEARTHED CONTROL CIRCUITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . LIMITATION OF LEAKAGE AND CAPACITANCE CURRENTS EARTHED CONTROL CIRCUITS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . SAFETY CIRCUITS AND SAFETY DEVICES
11 11 11 11
SECTION 10. 53 54 55 56
GENERAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . CLOSED CIRCUIT PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PROVING FUNCTION OPERATION PRINCIPLE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FAIL SAFE PRINCIPLES WITH SOLID STATE SWITCHING DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FIRE DETECTION AND PROTECTION SYSTEMS
11 11 11 11
SECTION 11.
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 OBJECT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 GENERAL PROTECTION REQUIREMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 FIXED DETECTION, ALARM AND EXTINGUISHMENT SYSTEMS AND THEIR EQUIPMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 APPLICATION OF MEANS OF PROTECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . APPENDIX A. TYPICAL ANALYSIS SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ANNEX. SUMMARY OF TECHNICAL DEVIATIONS BETWEEN THIS STANDARD AND IEC 6213 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12 12 12 12 13 13 15 16
AS 3007.31987
STANDARDS ASSOCIATION OF AUSTRALIA Australian Standard for ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS SURFACE MINES AND ASSOCIATED PROCESSING PLANT PART 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT AND ANCILLARIES SCOPE OF PART
This standard sets out requirements for the equipment and ancillaries associated with electrical installations within the scope of AS 3007.1.
REFERENCED DOCUMENTS
The following standards are referred to in this standard: AS 1081 Methods of Measurement of Airborne Noise Emitted by Rotating Electrical Machinery AS 1217 Acoustics Determination of Sound Power Levels of Noise Sources AS 1221 Fire Hose Reels AS 1603 Automatic Fire Detection and Alarm Systems AS 1668 SAA Mechanical Ventilation and Airconditioning Code Part 1 Fire Precautions in Buildings with Air-handling Systems AS 1670 SAA Code for Automatic Fire Alarm Installations AS 1850 Portable Fire Extinguishers Classification, Rating and Fire Testing AS 2118 SAA Code for Automatic Fire Sprinkler Systems AS 2279 Disturbances in Mains Supply Networks Part 2 Limitation of Harmonics Caused by Industrial Equipment AS 2380 Electrical Equipment for Explosive Atmospheres Explosion Protection Techniques AS 2441 Installation of Fire Hose Reels AS 2444 Portable Fire Extinguishers Selection and Location AS 2665 Smoke/Heat Venting Systems Design, Installation and Commissioning AS 3007.1 Electrical Installations Surface Mines and Associated Processing Plant Part 1 Scope and Definitions AS 3007.2 Electrical Installations Surface Mines and Associated Processing Plant Part 2 General Protection Requirements AS 3007.4 Electrical Installations Surface Mines and Associated Processing Plant Part 4 Additional Requirements for Specific Applications IEC 502 Extruded Solid Dielectric Insulated Power Cables for Rated Voltages from 1 kV Up to 30 kV IEC 621-3 Electrical Installations for Outdoor Sites Under Heavy Conditions (Including Open-cast Mines and Quarries) Part 3: General Requirements for Equipment and Ancillaries.
COPYRIGHT
AS 3007.31987
8 EARTH TERMINAL. Except for Class II equipment, an effective earth terminal shall be provided on all enclosures housing components operating at a voltage in excess of extra-low voltage. 9 NOISE LIMITATIONS. Considerations shall be given in the design to limit the noise to acceptable levels.
NOTE: Methods for the measurement of noise are provided in AS 1081 and AS 1217. Acceptable levels of noise are prescribed by vari ous statutory authori ti es.
COPYRIGHT
AS 3007.31987
SECTION 3. TRANSFORMERS
12 CORE, COIL AND TANK BRACING. The bracing of the core, coils, internal leads and tank of transformers on mobile and movable installations and those subject to vibration from supporting structures shall be adequate for such conditions. 13 ENCLOSURES. Transformers shall preferably be totally enclosed. All liquid-filled power transformers shall have means for pressure relief. Any transformer breather or pressure relief means shall be fitted in such a way as to minimize degradation of the cooling medium (coolant) through condensation. 14 DUST EXCLUSION. Transformers of the dry type, including their cooling system, shall be protected against the harmful ingress of dust. 15 P R OT E CT I ON F R OM F IR E . W h en transformers are located so that burning of the cooling medium could be hazardous to personnel or to the plant structure, safe means of egress shall be provided and additionally at least one of the following protective measures shall be taken: (a) Use dry type transformers. (b) Use a flame-retardant cooling medium. (c) Provide a fire-resistant vault for transformers with a flammable cooling medium. (d) Provide cooling medium retaining troughs with quenching faci li t ies and/ or di verti ng arrangements for transformers with a flammable cooling medium having a volume exceeding 1500 L. 16 POLLUTION BY COOLING MEDIUM (COOLANT). Adequate precautions shall be provided to prevent spillage of the cooling medium causing pollution of the environment, for example, groundwater storages, harbours, waterways and the like. Protection against ground contamination shall also be provided unless, in the event of spillage, contaminated parts of the ground can be removed from the area. In this case, cooling medium retaining troughs may not be required (see Clause 15). Where transformers with flame-retardant cooling medium are used, the installation shall be arranged so as to inhibit the possible atmospheric contamination and noxious effects of the cooling medium.
COPYRIGHT
AS 3007.31987
33 PROVISION OF SCREENS AND/OR ARMOURING FOR CABLES ABOVE 1000 V. Where flexible cables are handled manually while energized, they shall have metallic screens and/or armouring or shall be provided with conducting elastomeric screens of substantial cross-sectional area and so placed as to limit the touch and step voltages that may arise in the event of a cable fault. In cases where cables are handled only by means of special insulated tools, these requirements shall apply only for voltages above 4000 V. 34 IDENTIFICATION OF PROTECTIVE CONDUCTOR. Protective conductors shall be identified in accordance with the following requirements, as appropriate: (a) For cables rated at up to and including 1000 V, in which the protective conductor is insulated, such insulation, or outer taping, shall be distinctly and indelibly coloured green and yellow over its whole length so that in any 15 mm length one of these colours shall cover at least 30 percent and not more than 70 percent of the surface, the other colour covering the remainder of the surface. (b) For cables rated at above 1000 V, in which the protective conductor is insulated, such insulation or outer taping shall at least be identified at each end by the green/yellow colour combination applied in accordance with t h e f o r e go i n g p a r a gr a p h . S u i t a b l e supplementary identification may also be used. 35 P AR T I AL DI S C HA RG E P E R F O RMANCE. Where required for cables rated at above 4000 V, each production length (minimum length 150 m) of movable distribution cable and trailing cable shall be tested by the cable manufacturer for partial discharge.
NOTE: Test requirements similar to those in IEC 502 are under considerati on .
36 TERMI NATIONS O F FLEXI BLE CABLES. Flexible cables shall be terminated in such a way that their ends are not under stress or under tension effects and that excessive bending and compressing are avoided. 37 P OWE R CAB L E T W IS T L IM IT ATION. Where the normal mode of operation of the machine requires infrequent rotation through an arc of up to 360 degrees in either direction, the distance between the clamping supports of the cable shall be
COPYRIGHT
AS 3007.31987
not less than 50 times the largest cable diameter in the cable run. Where the normal mode of operation of the machine requires infrequent rotation through an arc of up to 360 degrees in either direction, the distance between the clamping supports of the cable shall not be less than 100 times the largest cable diameter in the cable run. Where cables designed specially for this purpose are used, the above ratios may be reduced to 25 and 50 times respectively. 38 SHEATHING. Cables may be laid directly or in the ground provided that the outer sheath is designed for the operating conditions. Cables having extruded metallic sheaths, for example, cables with lead alloy or aluminium sheaths or mineral insulated metal-sheathed cables, shall not be used where fatigue may occur, due to vibration, frequent handling or ground movement. 39 S E GRE G AT ION OF P OW E R AN D CONTROL CORES. 39.1 Single-core cables. Single-core cables which are installed in intimate contact in a common duct, conduit or sleeving may be used for several circuits, both power and control (see also Clause 40). All such cables shall be insulated for the maximum voltage applied to any cable in the duct, conduit or sleeving. When using single-core cables for alternating current circuits, all conductors of a given circuit shall follow the same magnetic path to neutralize the resultant magnetic flux.
NOTE: See Appendix B of AS 3007.4 for additi onal recommendati ons relating to the segregati on and/or screening of cables to minimize interf erence to low signal level systems and communicati on systems.
(a) Any cable containing pilot, control and supervisory cores shall have such cores insulated from all other conducting elements of the cable. (b) Cables operating at above 1000 V in an unearthed system (IT system) shall have either metallic screens or individual conductive rubber screens separating the power cores from the pilot core(s). (c) Cables operating at above 1000 V in an earthed system (TT or TN systems) shall have metallic screens separating the power cores from the pilot core(s). (d) Cables operating at up to and including 1000 V shall have pilot, control or supervisory cores separated from power cores by conductive rubber screens if on an unearthed system or metallic screens if on an earthed system. Alternatively, for either system, the pilot, control or supervisory cores shall be insulated to a voltage level equal to that of the power cores. 39.3 Composite multicore cables on reeling drums. Multicore cables which contain power, pilot, control or supervisory cores may be used for reeling drum applications, subject to the voltage limitations in Clause 39.2, provided that the cable is specially designed for such reeling duty. 4 0 S E P AR A T I O N O F C A B L E S I N RACKS. Where power and control cables, multicore and singlecore are used on a common rack, tray or duct, the degree of mutual interference must be considered. 41 BENDING RADIUS FOR FLEXIBLE CABLES OVER 25 mm DIAMETER. The recommended minimum bending radius for flexible cables during installation and handling in service is six times the cable diameter for cables not constructed in accordance with Clause 31, Item (a) or (b), and eight times the cable diameter for cables which are constructed in accordance with Item (a) or (b) of the above clause.
39.2 Multicore cables. For voltages up to and including 1000 V, multicore cables may be used for several circuits, both power and control. For voltages above 1000 V, the only control core(s) which may be included in a multicore cable shall be the earth continuity check pilot. Multicore cables containing power and control cores shall comply with following requirements as appropriate:
COPYRIGHT
AS 3007.31987
10
Where necessary, the cable drum shall be provided with a device to protect the cable against over or under tension. 46 DRUM DIAMETERS FOR FLEXIBLE CABLES. Except as permitted in Clause 47, the minimum cable drum diameters for cables in normal operating service shall comply with the following table: Cable construction Drum diameter (times cable diameter)
Cables not constructed in accordance with Clause 31, Item (a) or (b) Cables constructed in accordance with Clause 31, Item (a) or (b)
15 25
Where the cable may be under tension while bending, as with cable feed-on devices, the radii of such devices shall be increased with respect to the drum diameter.
NOTE: These minimum diameters may need to he increased for certain materi als under low temperature condit ions.
It is recommended that provision be made in the design of ventilated cylindrical drums to space each turn apart by at least 10 percent of the cable diameter. 45 CABLE TENSION LIMITS. The design of the cable drum shall be such that the normal operating tensile stress in any of the cable cores has an upper limit of 15 MPa. The transient peak tensile stress of the cores shall not exceed 25 MPa.
47 PERMISSIBLE REDUCTIONS IN DRUM DIAMETERS. A reduction of the drum diameter with consequent reduction of cable life may be employed where critical space limitations on certain plant, such as in winning machines or conveyors preclude the use of the limiting values in Clause 46. Similar reductions may be employed where cables are specifically designed for the arduous duty associated with certain specialized equipment (e.g. shuttle car reels) or where cables are reeled infrequently. 48 REQUIREMENTS FOR CABLE S BENDS AND DIRECTION CHANGES. The straight part between the two opposite curves of an S-shaped deflection or similar bend from one plane into another shall be of a length at least equal to 20 times the diameter of the cable.
COPYRIGHT
11
AS 3007.31987
COPYRIGHT
AS 3007.31987
12
58.2.3 Protection by means of barriers and/or enclosures . Barriers and/or enclosures constructed of materials having sufficient fire resistance to contain a fire or prevent fire penetration for an adequate period can be considered as a means of protection if they are installed so as to protect the workplace from exposure to fire and/or permit safe escape for personnel. 58.2.4 Protection by manually activated systems. Where a fire hazard area is inaccessible thus preventing adequate protection by portable means, a manually operated fixed fire extinguishment syst em may be installed, provided that persons are normally in attendance. The manual release device or devices shall be readily accessible in a fire situation and shall be capable of being initiated from a safe place. 58.2.5 Protection by automatically activated systems. Where a fire hazard area is inaccessible thus preventing adequate protection by portable means and persons are not normally in attendance, a fixed automatic extinguishment system may be installed. Automatically activated systems shall be capable of manual activation and the manual release device or devices shall be readily accessible in a fire situation and shall be capable of being initiated from a safe place. 59 FIXED DETECTION, ALARM AND EXTINGUISHMENT SYSTEMS AND THEIR EQUIPMENT. All fixed detection, alarm and extinguishment equipment and systems shall be selected and installed to suit the application, taking into account the class of fire(s) anticipated, operating conditions and area characteristics. The equipment and systems shall be installed by or under the supervision of persons qualified for such installations. All detection and extinguishment equipment and systems should be functionally tested after installation to ensure proper operation. Testing may not require discharge of the extinguishment medium.
COPYRIGHT
13
AS 3007.31987
A reliable source of power (e.g. battery-supported system) should be provided for detection, alarm and control equipment dependent on electrical energy. The means of fire detection may include human detection (where persons may detect fire by sight, sound or smell), heat detection, smoke detection or flame detection. Room sizes and contours, air-flow patterns, obstructions, and other characteristics of the protected area shall be taken into account when determining the location, type, sensitivity and number of detectors. Detectors shall operate even when subjected to effects of combustion that occur during a fire, such as temperature rise, smoke, water vapour, gases and radiation. Detectors, detection systems and fire extinguishment systems shall conform to appropriate standards and regulations.
NOTE: Attention is drawn to AS 1603, AS 1670 and AS 2118 which respectively deal with thermal detectors for fire alarm installations, automatic fire alarm installations, and automatic fire sprinkler systems.
60 APPLICATION OF MEANS OF PROTECTION. 60.1 General. Protection shall be provided for all areas where a hazard to persons exists. In such cases, means of escape to a safe area in accordance with Clause 58.2.1 and protection by portable means in accordance with Clause 58.2.2 shall be provided. Other means of protection may also be necessary as described in Clauses 58.2.3, 58.2.4 and 58.2.5. 60.2 Recommendations for the installation. All electrical installations where fire hazard to persons exists shall be equipped with portable fire extinguishment equipment suitable for the class of fire possible at the installation. All installations where a direct fire hazard to persons exists as a result of the presence of flammable liquids or combustible vapours shall be equipped with portable means of fire extinguishment. It is recommended that a manual or automatic fire extinguishment system be installed. All installations where an indirect hazard may exist as a result of fire (e.g. weakening of structures, maloperation of equipment, etc) shall be equipped with portable means of fire extinguishment and an automatic alarm system. The alarm system shall have the capability of being manually actuated. It is recommended that a manual or automatic fire extinguishment system be installed. 60.3 Quantity of extinguishment medium available. The quantity of extinguishment medium kept available at the particular area of fire hazard should be commensurate with the quantity of flammable material present, the nature of the extinguishment selected, the magnitude of the hazard to persons and the method of delivery of the medium. Portable means of fire extinguishment are naturally limited in the quantity of medium contained. Where necessary, multiple units may be installed. Where manually actuated or automatically actuated systems are installed to accomplish total flooding of an enclosed volume, sufficient supply of extinguishment medium should be available to flood at least 50 percent more than the enclosed volume.
60.4 Precautions for the installation. Fire extinguishment means applied to locations involving energized electrical equipment shall be safe in use. Unless appropriate precautions are taken to permit the use of conductive extinguishment media, a nonconductive extinguishment medium shall be used. The use of certain foam, powder or gaseous extinguishment media may cause harm to persons through suffocation, toxicity or limited visibility. Where such media are used in manually or automatically actuated systems for total flooding of an enclosed volume, an alarm system giving an audible and visible signal shall be provided and release of the media shall be delayed for sufficient time to permit persons to escape. Means shall be provided for deactivating and locking out the extinguishment system in areas where escape cannot readily be achieved, or for maintenance purposes. The installation of carbon dioxide type fire extinguishment systems shall take into account the property of its being heavier than air. Carbon dioxide can produce unconsciousness and death when present in a confined area in fire extinguishment concentrations. Where persons are present other media should be used or adequate warning should be given for evacuation before the medium is released. Ambient temperatures shall be considered when selecting an appropriate fire extinguishment medium. Fire blankets shall be supplied for smothering clothing fires in areas of high fire risk. Consideration shall be given to the need for shutting down, or redirecting ventilation systems in the event of a fire.
NOTE: Attention is drawn to AS 1668, Part 1 and AS 2665 which respectively deal with fire precautions in buildings with air-handling systems and with smoke/heat venting systems.
61 ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 61.1 Fire protection notices. Notices indicating the location of fire protection equipment shall be prominently displayed. 61.2 Protection of equipment or plant. The following measures are recommended in order to minimize fire hazards for equipment or plant: (a) Use of flame retardant cables or, alternatively, coating of cables after installation with flame retardant paint. (b) Wall panels, ceilings and false floors of control rooms and switch rooms should be of noncombustible materials.
NOTE: See Clause 15 for fire protection requirements for transformers.
61.3 De-energization of electrical equipment. Provision shall be made for prompt de-energizing of electrical circuits and equipment involved in a fire. 61.4 Flammable gases or liquids. Where flammable gases or liquids are used, provision shall be made to cut off such supply in the event of a fire so as to prevent subsequent re-ignition or explosion. 61.5 Supplementary fire extinguishment equipment. When the fixed fire extinguishment equipment is temporarily de-activated or otherwise rendered inoperative, alternative fire extinguishment equipment
COPYRIGHT
AS 3007.31987
14
shall be made available. This may include portable equipment, gravity-feed water storage systems or selfcontained fire water pumps. Portable fire extinguishment equipment shall supplement fixed (manual or automatic) fire extinguishment equipment for early control of small fires.
61.6 Cableways and ducts. Where electrical cables penetrate fire resistant barriers, measures shall be taken to maintain the fire rating of the barrier. In vertical cableways and ducts, consideration shall be given to the installation of fire stops at suitable intervals to restrict vertical propagation of fire due to convection effects.
COPYRIGHT
APPENDIX A
COPYRIGHT
15
Extinguishment media: 1. 2. 3. 4. BC powder ABC powder Water Halon 1211 5. 6. 7. 8. Halon 1301 Carbon dioxide Foam Other AS 3007.31987
AS 3007.31987
16
ANNEX
COPYRIGHT