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Permutation & Combination
Permutation & Combination
MULTIPLICATION RULE
If an operation can be performed in r different
ways and a second operation can be performed in s different ways, then both the operations can be performed successively in r x s ways.
Multiplication Rule/Principle
10 7
23
The number of ways the outfit can be chosen =
= 24
PERMUTATION
Arrangement
Permutation variation, order
In permutation, the order of the objects or
PERMUTATION
Permutation the arrangement is important
COMBINATIONS
Choices
Combination grouping,selection
In Combinations, we do not arrange the
selections in order.
Combination
Arrangement is not important
Or
OR
PERMUTATIONS
Arranging people, digits, numbers, alphabets, letters, colours.
COMBINATIONS
Selection of menu, food, clothes, subjects, teams. Keywords: Select, choice,
Permutation
Number of ways to arrange
n different objects
6 ways
24
Number of objects 1 2 3 4 5 6
Number of ways 1 2 . .. .. .. ..
= 1! = 2! = 3! = 4!
6
24 120
= 5!
6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 = 6! .
12 different objects
23 !
25852016738884976640000 = 2.6 x 1022
Permutation
Number of ways to arrange
8 choices
7 choices
6 choices
5 choices
4 choices
8x7x6x5x4 =
6720
8 choices
7 choices
6 choices
5 choices
4 choices
(n-1)
n
(n-2)
(n-3) (n-(r-1))
n! Pr (n r )!
Condition 1
Find the number of ways to form 5 letter word from the letters W, O,R, L, D, C, U, P with the condition that it must starts with a vowels.
O U
WRLDC
2
is filled first
4 =168 0
Find the number of ways to form 6 letter word from the letters B, E, C, K, H, A, M with the condition that it must starts with a consonant.
BCKHM EA
5x6x5x4x3x2 = 1200
Sit side by side, next to each other group together and consider as 1 object for arranging with other objects, make sure remember the arrangement of the grouped objects itself.
2! 6 ! = 1440
3. Complimentary Methods
S A A
Use:
Example
Find the number of the arrangement of all nine letters of
word SELECTION in which the two letters E are not next to each other. Solutions: Total no. of arrangements No. of arrangements with two E next to each other
9! 8! 2 141120
Combinations
n objects choose n
=1
N=4
Choose 1: Choose 2:
A B C D 4 = 4 = C1 A B C D
Choose 3:
Choose 4:
Combinations
n
n! Cr r!(n r )!
Conditional Combination 1
A football team has 17 local players and 3 imported players. Eleven main players are to be chosen with the condition that it must consist of 2 imported players. Find the number of ways the main player can be chosen.
import
n r
local
3 2
3C 2
17 9
17C9
= 72930
Condition Combination 2
A committee consisting of 6 members is to be chosen from 3 men and 4 women. Find the number of ways at least 3 women are chosen.
W3 , M3
4C =7 3X 3C 3
or
W4 , M2
4C 4
3C
CONCLUSIONS
1. Compare and Contrast between Permutations and Combinations.
PERMUTATIONS
1. Order is importent 2. Arranging people, digits, numbers, alphabets, letters, colours, 3. Keywords: Arrangements, arrange,
COMBINATIONS
1. Order is not important. 2. Selection of menu, food, clothes, subjects, teams, Keywords: Select, choice,
2. Formula
Difference between the two formulae:
n! Pr (n r )!
n! Cr r!(n r )!
and combinations.
Multiplication Rules
Sit side by side, next to each other, even/odd numbers, more/less than, starts/ends with vowel/consonants,
Find the number of ways to form 6 letter word from the letters B, E, C, K, H, A, M with the condition that it must starts with a consonant.
BCKHM EA
5x6x5x4x3x2 = 1200
PROBABILITY