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Chapter 15
Chapter 15
Chapter 15
3/29/2014
Thermal Stresses
E T
E
1
0 T
Thermal Stresses
x
x
T
E
1
1
D
E
1
D T
D T
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Thermal Stresses
Strain Energy
1 T
u 0 T
2
1
T
u 0 T D T
2
U u 0 dV
V
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Thermal Stresses
Strain Energy
1
T
U T D T dV
2
V
Bd
1
T
U B d T D B d T dV
2V
1
T
T
T
U d B T D B d T dV
2V
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Thermal Stresses
Strain Energy
1
T
T
U d B DBd dV
2V
1
T
T
d B D T dV
2V
1
T
T DBd dV
2V
1
T
T D T dV
2V
3/29/2014
Thermal Stresses
Strain Energy
1
T
T
U L d B DBd dV
2V
U T d B D T dV
V
1
T
Constant T D T dV
2V
3/29/2014
Thermal Stresses
U UL UT
U
0
d
U L
T
B DB d dV
d V
U T
T
B D T dV f T
d V
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Thermal Stresses
T x T
T
fT A B DTdx
T
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Thermal Stresses
D E
1 1
B
L
L
f T1 ETA
f T
f T 2 ETA
T xT T
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Thermal Stresses
10
T y T T
0
xyT
Plane Strain
xT
T
T y T 1 T
0
xyT
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Thermal Stresses
11
Constant Thickness
Constant Strain Triangle
fT B D T t A
T
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Thermal Stresses
12
Plane Stress :
i
f Tix
i
f Tiy E t T j
fT
21 j
f Tmy
m
m
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Thermal Stresses
13
Procedure
1. Evaluate thermal force matrix and treat this
as an equivalent nodal force matrix.
2. Apply: {F}=[K]{d}-{F0}.
3. If only thermal loads are present, then
{F0}=[K]{d}.
4. Back-substitute known {d} to obtain
element nodal forces, stresses, and strains.
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Thermal Stresses
14
A = 4 in2
E = 30 x 106 psi
= 7.0 x 10-6 (in/in)/oF
T = 50o F
2
3
2
4 ft
Find reactions at fixed ends and the axial stress due to a
50o F temperature rise.
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Thermal Stresses
15
L 2 1 1
ETA
fT
ETA
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Thermal Stresses
16
fT ETA ETA 0
ETA
ETA
1 1 0
AE
K 1 2 1
L2
0 1 1
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Thermal Stresses
17
ETA
1 1 0 d1
AE
1
2
1
d
0
L 2
ETA
d
1
1
3
B.C.
d1 d 3 0
Solving
d2 0
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Thermal Stresses
18
Reaction Forces:
F1x 0 ETA ETA
F2 x 0 0
0
F 0 ETA ETA
3x
F1x 42000
F2 x 0 lb
F 42000
3x
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Thermal Stresses
19
Axial Stress:
42000 lb
10500
psi
2
4 in
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Thermal Stresses
20
Bar 1
A = 12 x 10-4 m2
E = 70 GPa
= 23.0 x 10-6 (mm/mm)/oC
T = -10o C
only in Bar 1
2
2
1
3
2m
2m
Bar 2 & 3
A = 6 x 10-4 m2
E = 100 GPa
= 20.0 x 10-6 (mm/mm)/oC
3/29/2014
Thermal Stresses
21
For element 1:
12 10 70 10 1
k
4
1
1 1
1 1
k 42000
1 1
ETA
fT
ETA
19.32
fT
19.32
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Thermal Stresses
22
6 10 100 10 1
k
4
1
1 1
1 1
k 30000
1 1
ETA
fT
ETA
0
fT
0
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Thermal Stresses
23
TA
19
.
32
1
fT
0
0
0
0
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Thermal Stresses
24
42
42
30
30
30
30
K 1000
0
30
30
0
30
0
30
0
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Thermal Stresses
25
42
0
0 d1 19.32
42
42 42 30 30 30 30 d 2 19.32
1000
0
30
30
0 d 3 0
30
0
30 d 4 0
0
B.C.
d1 d 3 d 4 0
Solving
d 2 1.89 10 4 m
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Thermal Stresses
26
Reaction
Forces:
F1x
42
F
2 x
42
1000
F3x
0
F3x
0
42
0
0
19.32
0
30 30
0
0
0
30
0
30
0
0
F1x 11.38
F
0
2 x
kN
F3x 5.69
F3x 5.69
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Thermal Stresses
27
Axial Stresses:
11.38 k N
1
9.48 MPa
4
2
12 10 m
5.69 k N
2
9.48 MPa
4
2
6 10 m
5.69 k N
3
9.48 MPa
4
2
6 10 m
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Thermal Stresses
28
A = 2 in2
E = 30 x 106 psi
= 7.0 x 10-6 (in/in)/oF
y
1
T = 75o F
(in element 1 only)
1
2
8 ft
6 ft
x
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Thermal Stresses
29
For element 1:
Node 2 - i
Node 1 - j
= 90o
cos = 0.0
sin = 1.0
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0 0
6
2 30 10 0 1
k
8 12 0 0
0 1
0 0
0 1
0 0
0 1
f2 x ETA
fT
f1x ETA
31500 f2 x
fT
31500 f1x
Thermal Stresses
30
2yT S C 0 0 f 2yT
f
1xT 0 0 C S f1xT
f1yT 0 0 S C f
1yT
f2 31500
f 2xT 0
xT
f
f
2yT 0
2yT 31500
f1xT 31500
1xT 0
f 0
f1yT 31500
1yT
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Thermal Stresses
31
For element 2:
Node 3 - i
Node 1 - j
= 180o-53.13o =126.87o
cos = -0.6
sin = 0.8
0.36 0.48 0.36 0.48
6
0
0.64
2 30 10 0.48 0.64
k
10 12 0.36 0
0.36 0.48
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Thermal Stresses
32
0.48 1.89
0
0
K 0.50 106
1.25
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
Thermal Stresses
1.25
0
0
0
0
0
1.25
0
0
0
0.36 0.48
0
0.48 0.64
0
33
31500
fT
31500
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Thermal Stresses
34
B.C.
d1x d 2 x d 3 x 0
d 2y d 3y 0
Solving
d1y 0.0333 in
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Thermal Stresses
35
f k d f
T
d T* d
Eq . 3.1.14
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Thermal Stresses
36
8 12 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 31500
f1x
0.0333
f2 x 10700
lb
f1x 10700
1 5350 psi
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Thermal Stresses
37
f k d f
d T d
T
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Thermal Stresses
38
0
f2 x 2 30 106 1 1 0.6 0.8
0
0 0 31500
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Thermal Stresses
39
t = 5 mm
E = 210 GPa
= 0.30
= 12.0 x 10-6 (mm/mm)/oC
3
T = +50o C
4
3
4
500 mm
1
1
500 mm
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Thermal Stresses
40
Element 1:
x1 0.00 y 1 0.00
x 2 0.50 y 2 0.00
x 5 0.25 y 5 0.25
1 y 2 y 5 0.25
2 y 5 y 1 0.25
5 y1 y 2 0
1 x 5 x 2 0.25
2 x1 x 5 0.25
5 x 2 x1 0.50
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Thermal Stresses
41
Element 1
1 0 2
1
B 0 1 0
2A
1 1 2
0
2
2
5
0
5
5
5
0
0.25
0
0
0
0.25
1
B
0
0.25
0
0.25 0 0.5
0.125
0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.5 0
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Thermal Stresses
42
E
D
0
1
2
1
0 0
2
0
1 .3
9
210
10
D
.
3
1
0
0.91
0 0 0.35
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Thermal Stresses
43
Element 1
k t A BT DB
8.4375
4.0625
4.0625
k
0.3125
4.375
3.75
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12.5
3.75
12.5
0
25
4.0625
8.4375
Thermal Stresses
44
Element 2
x 2 0.50 y 2 0.00
x 3 0.50 y 3 0.50
x 5 0.25 y 5 0.25
2 0.25
3 0.25
5 0.5
2 0.25
3 0.25
5 0
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Thermal Stresses
45
Element 2
k t A BT DB
8.4375 4.0625
4.0625 8.4375
4.0625
0.3125
k
12.5 4.0625
4.375
3.75
4.375
4.375
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4.375 4.375
0
8.75
4.0625
0.3125
Thermal Stresses
46
i
i
Et T
j
f T
21 j
m
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Thermal Stresses
47
f
1
T
3/29/2014
112500
112500
112500
112500
225000
Thermal Stresses
2
T
112500
112500
112500
112500
225000
48
f
3
T
3/29/2014
112500
112500
112500
112500
225000
Thermal Stresses
4
T
112500
112500
112500
112500
225000
49
f
T
3/29/2014
f T1x 225000
f
225000
T1 y
f T 2 x 225000
f T 2 y 225000
f T 3 x
225000
225000
T3y
f T 4 x 225000
f T 4 y 225000
f T 5 x
f T 5 y
Thermal Stresses
50
B.C.
d1x d 4 x 0
d1y d 4 y 0
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Thermal Stresses
51
Solving:
3/29/2014
d1x
0
0
1y
d 2 x 3.327 10 4
4
d 2 y 1.911 10
4
d
3x 3.327 10
d
m
4
d 3y 1.911 10
d 4 x
0
d 4 y
d 5 x 2.123 10 4
6.654 10
d 5 y
Thermal Stresses
52
Stresses:
DBd DT
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Thermal Stresses
53
Stresses:
x
E
y
2
1
xy
E
1 2
3/29/2014
1
0
i
0
0 1 0
1 2A
i
2
j j
d ix
d
iy
m 0
d jx
0
m
d
jy
m m
d mx
my
0 T
0 T
1 0
Thermal Stresses
54
Stresses:
Element 1:
x 1.800 108 1.800 108
0
8
8
7
y 1.342 10 1.800 10 4.57 10 Pa
1.600 107
1.60 107
0
xy
Element 2:
x 1.640 108 1.800 108 1.60 107
8
8
7
y 2.097 10 1.800 10 2.973 10 Pa
2150
2150
0
xy
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Thermal Stresses
55
Stresses:
Element 3:
x 1.800 108 1.800 108
0
8
8
7
y 1.342 10 1.800 10 4.57 10 Pa
1.600 107
1.60 107
0
xy
Element 4:
x 1.960 108 1.800 108 1.60 107
8
8
7
y 5.880 10 1.800 10 1.212 10 Pa
2150
2150
0
xy
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Thermal Stresses
56