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    7.quotient Test (Ratio Test)

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    Atikah J
    1. The quotient test can be used to determine if a series with positive terms converges or diverges. If the limit of the quotient of successive terms is less than 1, the series converges. If the limit is greater than 1, the series diverges. If the limit is equal to 1, the test is inconclusive. 2. Using the quotient test, the series Σ(n!/2^n) converges because the limit of the quotient of successive terms is 0, which is less than 1. 3. Using the quotient test, the series Σ(n!/n^n) diverges because the limit of the quotient of successive terms is e, which is greater than

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    7.quotient Test (Ratio Test)

    Uploaded by

    Atikah J
    119 views4 pages
    1. The quotient test can be used to determine if a series with positive terms converges or diverges. If the limit of the quotient of successive terms is less than 1, the series converges. If the limit is greater than 1, the series diverges. If the limit is equal to 1, the test is inconclusive. 2. Using the quotient test, the series Σ(n!/2^n) converges because the limit of the quotient of successive terms is 0, which is less than 1. 3. Using the quotient test, the series Σ(n!/n^n) diverges because the limit of the quotient of successive terms is e, which is greater than

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    ratio test

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    7.Quotient Test (Ratio Test)

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    1. The quotient test can be used to determine if a series with positive terms converges or diverges. If the limit of the quotient of successive terms is less than 1, the series converges. If the limit is greater than 1, the series diverges. If the limit is equal to 1, the test is inconclusive. 2. Using the quotient test, the series Σ(n!/2^n) converges because the limit of the quotient of successive terms is 0, which is less than 1. 3. Using the quotient test, the series Σ(n!/n^n) diverges because the limit of the quotient of successive terms is e, which is greater than

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pdf or txt
    119 views4 pages

    7.quotient Test (Ratio Test)

    Uploaded by

    Atikah J
    1. The quotient test can be used to determine if a series with positive terms converges or diverges. If the limit of the quotient of successive terms is less than 1, the series converges. If the limit is greater than 1, the series diverges. If the limit is equal to 1, the test is inconclusive. 2. Using the quotient test, the series Σ(n!/2^n) converges because the limit of the quotient of successive terms is 0, which is less than 1. 3. Using the quotient test, the series Σ(n!/n^n) diverges because the limit of the quotient of successive terms is e, which is greater than

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    of 4

    1

    Quotient Test

    Let a
    n
    be a series with positive terms
    and let L
    a
    a
    n
    n
    n
    =
    +

    1
    lim . If
    1. L < 1, then a
    n
    converges.
    2. L > 1, then a
    n
    diverges.
    3. L = 1, then the test is inconclusive.
    (a
    n
    may converges or diverges).
    Other tests are needed.

    Eg1
    Use the ratio test to determine whether
    the series

    =1
    !
    2
    n
    n
    n
    converges or diverges.

    Sol
    L =
    n
    n
    n
    a
    a
    1
    lim
    +

    =
    !
    2
    )! 1 (
    2
    lim
    1
    n
    n
    n
    n
    n
    +
    +


    =
    n
    n
    n
    n
    n n 2
    !
    ! ) 1 (
    2 2
    lim
    +



    2
    =
    ) 1 (
    2
    lim
    +

    n
    n

    = 0 < 1

    so

    =1
    !
    2
    n
    n
    n
    converges by quotient test.

    Eg2
    Use the ratio test to determine whether
    the series

    =1
    !
    n
    n
    n
    n
    converges or diverges.

    Sol
    L =
    n
    n
    n
    a
    a
    1
    lim
    +

    =
    !
    )! 1 (
    ) 1 (
    lim
    1
    n
    n
    n
    n
    n
    n
    n
    +
    +
    +


    =
    n
    n
    n
    n
    n
    n n
    n n !
    ! ) 1 (
    ) 1 ( ) 1 (
    lim
    +
    + +


    =
    n
    n
    n
    n
    n ) 1 (
    lim
    +


    =
    n
    n
    n
    n
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    +

    1
    lim
    3
    =
    n
    n
    n
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    +

    1
    1 lim [1

    ]

    let y =
    n
    n
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    +
    1
    1
    ln y = n ln (1 +
    n
    1
    )
    )
    1
    1 ln( lim ln lim
    n
    n y
    n n
    + =

    [0]
    =
    n
    n
    n
    1
    )
    1
    1 ln(
    lim
    +

    [0/0]
    =
    2
    2
    1
    1
    1
    1
    1
    lim
    n
    n
    n
    n


    +


    =
    n
    n
    1
    1
    1
    lim
    +


    = 1
    y
    n
    lim =
    n
    n
    n
    |
    .
    |

    \
    |
    +

    1
    1 lim = e
    1
    > 1
    4
    so

    =1
    !
    n
    n
    n
    n
    diverges by quotient test.

    Eg3
    Use the ratio test to determine whether
    the series

    =

    2
    3 2
    1
    n
    n
    converges or diverges.

    Sol
    L =
    n
    n
    n
    a
    a
    1
    lim
    +

    =
    3 2
    1
    3 ) 1 ( 2
    1
    lim

    +

    n
    n
    n

    =
    1 2
    3 2
    lim


    n
    n
    n
    = 1
    the ratio test is failed.
    By comparison test, series

    =

    2
    3 2
    1
    n
    n

    similar with

    =2
    2
    1
    n
    n
    which diverges and

    =

    2
    3 2
    1
    n
    n
    >

    =2
    2
    1
    n
    n
    so

    =

    2
    3 2
    1
    n
    n
    diverges.

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