6.2.

Crystallization Suppressants In order to depress the crystallization temperature of the working fluid without depressing the vapour absorption ability, Shoji et al. [88] from Kawasaki Thermal Engineering Co. Ltd. added caesium chloride in an amount of between 0.01 wt% to 15 wt%, based on the weight of an aqueous 64% lithium bromide solution. Ring et al. [89] added 5-amino2,4,6-trioxo-1,3-perhydrodizine-N,N-diacetic acid and claimed to be able to lower the minimum working temperature of the aqueous lithium bromide to -5C at concentrations up to 62 wt%. The amount added ranges from 200 molar ppm to 5000 molar ppm and does not have significant effect on the heat capacity of the solution, the solution rheological properties, the solution mass transfer coefficients, or the ability of the solution to absorb water vapour and transfer heat. Ethylene glycol is known to be an anti-crystallization additive to the working fluid. However, Modahl [90] from Gas Research Institute found that ethylene glycol anti-crystallization additive is not sufficiently stable at the typical high generator temperatures to withstand continuous and repeated cycling through the high temperature circuit. 6.3. Corrosion Inhibitors Itoh et al. [91] from Westinghouse Electric Corporation developed an absorbing solution for an absorption chiller comprising lithium bromide solution, 5-150 ppm by weight of nitrates and 0.1-0.4% by weight of LiOH, octyl alcohol, and is free from any triazole compounds. This concoction protects the absorption chiller against corrosion and particularly pitting corrosion. Apart from this, Downey [92] from Carrier Corporation invented a corrosion inhibiting working fluid and its manufacturing method. Downey added water-soluble compounds containing molybdates, borates and silicates to aqueous lithium bromide. More recently, Modahl [93] invented an aqueous solution of zinc and lithium bromides with an additional amount of hydroxide ion, which can practically prevent corrosion of the high temperature circuit component in an absorption chiller without raising the freezing point of the solution.