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Toi Uu Hoa GSM
Toi Uu Hoa GSM
Toi Uu Hoa GSM
c lp - T do - Hnh phc
--------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------
NHIM V N TT NGHIP
H v tn sinh vin: ..... S hiu sinh vin:
Kho:
Ngnh: ........
1. u n:
..
.. ..
thng
nm
Ch nhim B mn
thng
nm
Cn b phn bin
B GIO DC V O TO
TRNG I HC BCH KHOA H NI
---------------------------------------------------
BN NHN XT N TT NGHIP
Ngy
thng
nm
Cn b phn bin
( K, ghi r h v tn )
LI NI U
***
Trong cuc sng hng ngy thng tin lin lc ng mt vai tr rt quan trng v
khng th thiu c. N quyt nh nhiu mt hot ng ca x hi, gip con ngi
nm bt nhanh chng cc thng tin c gi tr vn ho, kinh t, khoa hc k thut rt a
dng v phong ph.
Ngy nay vi nhng nhu cu c v s lng v cht lng ca khch hng
s dng cc dch v vin thng ngy cng cao, i hi phi c nhng phng tin
thng tin hin i nhm p ng cc nhu cu a dng ca khch hng mi lc, mi
ni m h cn.
Thng tin di ng ngy nay tr thnh mt dch v kinh doanh khng th
thiu c ca tt c cc nh khai thc vin thng trn th gii. i vi cc khch
hng vin thng, nht l cc nh doanh nghip th thng tin di ng tr thnh
phng tin lin lc quen thuc v khng th thiu c. Dch v thng tin di ng
ngy nay khng ch hn ch cho cc khch hng giu c na m n ang dn tr
thnh dch v ph cp cho mi i tng vin thng.
Trong nhng nm gn y, lnh vc thng tin di ng trong nc c
nhng bc pht trin vt bc c v c s h tng ln cht lng phc v. Vi s
hnh thnh nhiu nh cung cp dch v vin thng mi to ra s cnh tranh
thu ht th phn thu bao gia cc nh cung cp dch v. Cc nh cung cp dch v
lin tc a ra cc chnh sch khuyn mi, gim gi v thu ht c rt nhiu
khch hng s dng dch v. Cng vi , mc sng chung ca ton x hi ngy
cng c nng cao khin cho s lng cc thu bao s dng dch v di ng
tng t bin trong cc nm gn y.
Cc nh cung cp dch v di ng trong nc hin ang s dng hai cng
ngh l GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication - H thng thng tin di
ng ton cu) vi chun TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access - a truy cp
phn chia theo thi gian) v cng ngh CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access - a
truy cp phn chia theo m). Cc nh cung cp dch v di ng s dng h thng
Thng
Nm 2007
MC LC
Trang
LI NI U ....................................................................................................................... 3
DANH SCH HNH MINH HA ...................................................................................... 9
DANH SCH T VIT TT ........................................................................................... 11
PHN M U .................................................................................................................. 16
Phn I
TNG QUAN V MNG GSM
Chng I
GII THIU CHUNG V MNG GSM
1.1. Lch s pht trin mng GSM.................................................................................................................. 2
1.2. Cu trc a l ca mng ......................................................................................................................... 3
1.2.1. Vng phc v PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network) ............................................................... 4
1.2.2. Vng phc v MSC .................................................................................................................... 4
1.2.3. Vng nh v (LA - Location Area) ............................................................................................ 5
1.2.4. Cell (T bo hay ) ..................................................................................................................... 5
Chng II
H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM
2.1. M hnh h thng thng tin di ng GSM ................................................................................................ 6
2.2. Cc thnh phn chc nng trong h thng ................................................................................................ 7
2.2.1. Trm di ng (MS - Mobile Station) .......................................................................................... 7
2.2.2. Phn h trm gc (BSS - Base Station Subsystem) .................................................................... 7
2.2.2.1. Khi BTS (Base Tranceiver Station): .................................................................................. 8
2.2.2.2. Khi TRAU (Transcode/Rate Adapter Unit): ...................................................................... 8
2.2.2.3. Khi BSC (Base Station Controller): .................................................................................. 8
2.2.3. Phn h chuyn mch (SS - Switching Subsystem) ................................................................... 9
2.2.3.1. Trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC: .............................................................................. 10
2.2.3.2. B ghi nh v thng tr (HLR - Home Location Register): ............................................. 11
2.2.3.3. B ghi nh v tm tr (VLR - Visitor Location Register): ................................................ 11
2.2.3.4. Thanh ghi nhn dng thit b (EIR - Equipment Identity Register): ................................... 12
Phn II
TI U HA MNG GSM
Chng III
TNH TON MNG DI NG GSM
3.1. L thuyt dung lng v cp dch v ................................................................................................ 22
3.1.1. Lu lng v knh v tuyn ng trc ................................................................................... 22
3.1.2. Cp dch v - GoS (Grade of Service) .................................................................................. 23
3.1.3. Hiu sut s dng trung k (ng trc) ................................................................................... 25
3.2. Cc yu t nh hng ti cht lng ph sng....................................................................................... 26
3.2.1. Tn hao ng truyn sng v tuyn ........................................................................................ 26
3.2.1.1. Tnh ton l thuyt .............................................................................................................. 26
3.2.1.2. Cc m hnh chnh lan truyn sng trong thng tin di ng: .............................................. 29
3.2.2. Vn Fading ........................................................................................................................... 32
3.2.3. nh hng nhiu C/I v C/A .................................................................................................... 32
3.2.3.1. Nhiu ng knh C/I: ......................................................................................................... 32
3.2.3.2. Nhiu knh ln cn C/A:..................................................................................................... 34
3.2.3.3. Mt s bin php khc phc ............................................................................................... 35
3.2.4. Phn tn thi gian ...................................................................................................................... 36
3.2.4.1. Cc trng hp phn tn thi gian ..................................................................................... 37
3.2.4.2. Mt s gii php khc phc ................................................................................................ 38
Chng IV
THIT K H THNG
4.1. H thng thng tin di ng t bo ........................................................................................................... 41
4.2. Quy hoch Cell ....................................................................................................................................... 43
4.2.1. Khi nim t bo (Cell)............................................................................................................. 43
Chng V
CC CH TIU CHT LNG H THNG
5.1. Khi nim v cht lng dch v QOS ................................................................................................... 86
5.2. Cc i lng c trng.......................................................................................................................... 86
5.2.1. T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng CSSR (Call Setup Successful Rate) .................................. 86
5.2.2. T l rt cuc gi trung bnh (Average Drop Call Rate - AVDR) ............................................ 87
5.2.3. T l rt mch trn TCH (TCH Drop Rate - TCDR) ................................................................ 87
5.2.4. T l nghn mch TCH (TCH Blocking Rate - TCBR) ............................................................ 88
5.2.5. T l rt mch trn SDCCH (SDCCH Drop Rate - CCDR)....................................................... 90
5.2.6. T l nghn mch trn SDCCH (SDCCH Blocking Rate - CCBR) .......................................... 91
5.2.7. Mt s i lng c trng khc ............................................................................................... 91
5.2.7.1. S knh hot ng (Available Channels)............................................................................ 92
5.2.7.2. T l thnh cng handover n (Incoming HO Successful Rate - IHOSR) ........................ 92
5.2.7.3. T l thnh cng handover ra (Outgoing HO Successful Rate - OHOSR) ......................... 92
Chng VI
MT S MINH HA CNG TC TI U HA MNG VMS_MOBIFONE
6.1. o kim tra Handover gia hai trm ...................................................................................................... 98
6.2. Phn tch kt qu o sng pht hin nhiu tn s............................................................................. 100
6.3. Thc hin m rng TRX nng cao ch tiu cht lng ..................................................................... 102
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
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Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
Hnh 4-16 Mu ti s dng li tn s 4/12 .......................................................................... 58
Hnh 4-17 Mu ti s dng tn s 7/21 ............................................................................... 59
Hnh 4-18 Thay i quy hoch tn s.................................................................................. 61
Hnh 4-19 Ph sng khng lin tc ..................................................................................... 63
Hnh 4-20 Mt v d v hiu qu ca k thut nhy tn trn phn tp nhiu ca mt mng
li. Kch thc ca mi tn phn nh nhiu tng quan gia cc cell ng knh ........... 64
Hnh 4-21 V d v thit k tn s vi phng php MRP................................................. 68
Hnh 4-22 Anten v hng (Omni antenna)........................................................................ 71
Hnh 4-23 c Sector ha ............................................................................................ 72
Hnh 4-24 Anten v hng c gc nghing bng 0 ....................................................... 74
Hnh 4-25 th quan h gia gc thng ng v suy hao cng trng .................. 75
Hnh 4-26 V d v hiu qu ca downtilt ....................................................................... 75
Hnh 4-27 Intra-cell Handover ............................................................................................. 78
Hnh 4-28 Inter-cell Handover ............................................................................................. 78
Hnh 4-29 Intra-MSC Handover .......................................................................................... 79
Hnh 4-30 Inter-MSC Handover .......................................................................................... 79
Hnh 4-31 G 1: Trong lc kt ni, MS vn tip tc o c mc thu v cht lng truyn
dn ca cell phc v v nhng cell xung quanh ................................................................... 81
Hnh 4-32 Quyt nh chuyn giao_Handover Decision .................................................... 81
Hnh 4-33 G 1: BSC khai bo thng tin vi MSC............................................................ 82
Hnh 4-34 G 2: MSC1 yu cu MSC2 cp Handover Number ....................................... 83
Hnh 4-35 G 2: Cp m HON v knh v tuyn cho MSC1 ........................................... 84
Hnh 4-36 G 3: MSC1 chuyn mch kt ni cho MS trn knh lu lng thit lp vi
MSC2 ..................................................................................................................................... 84
Hnh 4-37 Kt ni vi BTS c c gii phng ................................................................. 85
Hnh 6-1 o kim tra Handover t trm Trng nh sang trm i La .......................... 98
Hnh 6-2 Kt qu o Handover gia hai trm l tt ............................................................ 99
Hnh 6-3 Kt qu o sng ti khu th mi Php Vn ................................................... 100
Hnh 6-4 Pht hin nhiu tn s ......................................................................................... 101
Hnh 6-5 Cc ch tiu cht lng h thng trc v sau khi m rng TRX ti Hng Lc
(Cell A_Bng tn 1800) ...................................................................................................... 102
10
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Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
AGCH
ARFCH
Knh tn s tuyt i
Channel
AUC
Authentication Center
AVDR
B
BCCH
BCH
Broadcast Channel
Knh qung b
BER
T l li bt
Bm
TCH ton tc
BS
Base Station
Trm gc
BSC
B iu khin trm gc
BSIC
BSS
Phn h trm gc
BTS
C
C/A
Carrier to Adjacent
cn
CCBR
CCCH
CCDR
CCH
Control Channel
Knh iu khin
11
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Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
CCS7
CCITT
Cell
Cellular
(t bo)
CI
Cell Identity
C/I
Carrier to Interference
C/R
Carrier to Reflection
CSPDN
Data Network
gi
CSSR
D
DCCH
E
EIR
Equipment Identification
Register
ETSI
European Telecommunications
Standard Institute
Chu u
F
FDMA
FACCH
Fast Associated
Control Channel
FCCH
12
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Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
G
GMSC
Gateway MSC
Tng i di ng cng
GoS
Grade of Service
Cp phc v
GSM
Communication
H
HLR
B ng k nh v thng tr
HON
Handover Number
S chuyn giao
I
IHOSR
IMSI
International Mobile
Subscriber Identity
quc t
Mng s a dch v
ISDN
Network
L
LA
Location Area
Vng nh v
LAC
M vng nh v
LAI
LAPD
Cc th tc truy cp ng
on D channel
LAPDm
Lm
Cc th tc truy cp ng
TCH bn tc
13
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Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
M
MCC
MNC
MS
Mobile station
Trm di ng
MSC
Mobile Service
Tng i di ng
Switching Center
MSIN
Number
MSISDN
S ISDN ca trm di ng
MSRN
MS Roaming Number
N
NMC
NMT
in thoi di ng Bc u
O
OHOSR
OSI
Lin kt h thng m
OSS
Subsystem
OMS
P
PAGCH
PCH
Channel
v nhn tin
Paging Channel
Knh tm gi
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Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
PLMN
PSPDN
Data Network
chuyn mch gi
Network
cng
PSTN
R
RACH
Rx
Receiver
My thu
S
SACCH
Slow Associated
Control Channel
Stand Alone Dedicated
Control Channel
ng mt mnh (c lp)
SIM
SN
Subscriber Number
S thu bao
SDCCH
T
TACH
TCBR
TCDR
TCH
Traffic Channel
Knh lu lng
TDMA
TRAU
B thch ng tc v chuyn m
TRX
Tranceiver
B thu - pht
15
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Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
PHN M U
***
ti c chia thnh hai phn:
Phn I: TNG QUAN V MNG DI NG GSM
Phn II: TI U HA MNG DI NG GSM
Phn I ca ti s cp ti nhng khi nim c bn nht v h thng
thng tin di ng GSM.
Phn II trnh by cc tnh ton mng GSM cng vi cng tc ti u ha h
thng.
Ni dung chnh c trnh by trong cc chng nh sau:
Chng I: Gii thiu v lch s pht trin mng GSM v cu trc a
l ca mng.
Chng II: Trnh by v cc thnh phn chc nng trong h thng.
Chng III: Trnh by cc tnh ton mng GSM v dung lng v cc
yu t nh hng ti cht lng ph sng.
Chng IV: Trnh by nhng quy hoch thit k h thng.
Chng V: Cc ch tiu cht lng h thng, gi tr khuyn ngh v
cc ch tiu cht lng thc t t c ca mng VMS_MobiFone.
Chng VI: Gii thiu mt s cng tc ti u ha ti mng
VMS_MobiFone.
16
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Chng I
Phn I
TNG QUAN V MNG GSM
Chng I
GII THIU CHUNG V MNG GSM
H thng thng tin di ng ton cu (ting Php: Groupe Spcial Mobile ting
Anh: Global System for Mobile Communications; vit tt GSM) l mt cng ngh
dng cho mng thng tin di ng. Dch v GSM c s dng bi hn 2 t ngi trn
212 quc gia v vng lnh th. Cc mng thng tin di ng GSM cho php c th
roaming vi nhau do nhng my in thoi di ng GSM ca cc mng GSM khc
nhau c th s dng c nhiu ni trn th gii.
GSM l chun ph bin nht cho in thoi di ng (TD) trn th gii. Kh
nng ph sng rng khp ni ca chun GSM lm cho n tr nn ph bin trn th gii,
cho php ngi s dng c th s dng TD ca h nhiu vng trn th gii.
GSM khc vi cc chun tin thn ca n v c tn hiu v tc , cht lng cuc
gi. N c xem nh l mt h thng TD th h th hai (second generation,
2G). GSM l mt chun m, hin ti n c pht trin bi 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP).
ng v pha quan im khch hng, li th chnh ca GSM l cht lng cuc
gi tt hn, gi thnh thp v dch v tin nhn. Thun li i vi nh iu hnh mng
l kh nng trin khai thit b t nhiu ngi cung ng. GSM cho php nh iu hnh
mng c th kt hp chuyn vng vi nhau do vy m ngi s dng c th s dng
in thoi ca h khp ni trn th gii.
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Chng I
(European
in t 3 K47
Chng I
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Chng I
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Chng I
ti thu bao di ng hin ang trong vng phc v ca MSC c lu gi trong b ghi
nh v tm tr VLR.
Mt vng mng GSM/PLMN c chia thnh mt hay nhiu vng phc v
MSC/VLR.
in t 3 K47
Chng II
Chng II
H THNG THNG TIN DI NG GSM
2.1. M hnh h thng thng tin di ng GSM
BTS
: Trm v tuyn gc
AUC
MS
: Trm di ng
HLR
: B ghi nh v thng tr
ISDN
MSC
: Tng i di ng
BSS
: Phn h trm gc
BSC
: B iu khin trm gc
PSPDN
OMC
: Trung tm khai thc v bo dng CSPDN (Circuit Switched Public Data Network):
SS
VLR
: B ghi nh v tm tr
PLMN
EIR
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Chng II
in t 3 K47
Chng II
in t 3 K47
Chng II
in t 3 K47
Chng II
ng ca thu bao. Chc nng chnh ca SS l qun l thng tin gia nhng ngi s
dng mng GSM vi nhau v vi mng khc.
2.2.3.1. Trung tm chuyn mch di ng MSC:
Tng i di ng MSC (Mobile services Switching Center) thng l mt
tng i ln iu khin v qun l mt s cc b iu khin trm gc BSC. MSC
thc hin cc chc nng chuyn mch chnh, nhim v chnh ca MSC l to kt
ni v x l cuc gi n nhng thu bao ca GSM, mt mt MSC giao tip vi
phn h BSS v mt khc giao tip vi mng ngoi qua tng i cng GMSC
(Gateway MSC).
Chc nng chnh ca tng i MSC:
X l cuc gi (Call Processing)
iu khin chuyn giao (Handover Control)
Qun l di ng (Mobility Management)
Tng tc mng IWF(Interworking Function): qua GMSC
10
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Chng II
11
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Chng II
12
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Chng II
thu bao ng k nhp mng v c s dng kim tra khi thu bao yu cu cung
cp dch v, trnh vic truy nhp mng mt cch tri php.
13
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Chng II
2.3.1. Knh vt l
Knh vt l t chc theo quan nim truyn dn. i vi TDMA GSM, knh vt
l l mt khe thi gian mt tn s sng mang v tuyn c ch nh.
GSM 900 nguyn thy
Di tn s: 890
935
124
14
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Chng II
925
DCS 1800:
DCS 1800 c s knh tn s tng gp 3 ln so vi GSM 900
Di tn s: 1710
1805
885.
15
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Chng II
16
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Chng II
17
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Chng II
MCC
MNC
LAC
Trong :
MCC (Mobile Country Code): m quc gia ca nc c mng GSM.
MNC (Mobile Network Code): m ca mng GSM, do quc gia c
mng GSM qui nh.
LAC (Location Area Code): m khu vc, dng nhn dng khu vc trong
mng GSM.
Cc m s a dch v ton cu (International ISDN Numbers): Cc phn t
ca mng GSM nh MSC, VLR, HLR/AUC, EIR, BSC u c mt m s tng ng
a dch v ton cu. M cc im bo hiu c suy ra t cc m ny c s dng cho
mng bo hiu CCS7 trong mng GSM.
Ring HLR/AUC cn c mt m khc, gm hai thnh phn. Mt phn lin
quan n s thu bao a dch v ton cu - MSISDN (International Mobile
Subscriber ISDN Number) c s dng trong vic thit lp cuc gi t mt mng
khc n MS trong mng. Phn t khc lin quan n m nhn dng thu bao di
ng quc t - IMSI (International Mobile Subscriber Identity) c lu gi trong
AUC.
M nhn dng t bo ton cu CGI: CGI c s dng cc MSC v BSC
truy nhp cc t bo.
CGI = LAI + CI.
CI (Cell Identity) gm 16 bit dng nhn dng cell trong phm vi ca LAI.
CGI c lu gi trong c s d liu ca MSC/VLR.
18
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Chng II
NDC
SN
Trong :
CC (Country Code): m nc, l ni thu bao ng k nhp mng (Vit Nam th
CC = 84).
NDC (National Destination Code): m mng GSM, dng phn bit cc
mng GSM trong cng mt nc.
SN (Subscriber Number): s thu bao, ti a c 12 s, trong c 3 s
nhn dng HLR.
Nhn dng thu bao di ng ton cu IMSI (International Mobile
Subscriber Identity):
IMSI l m s duy nht cho mi thu bao trong mt vng h thng GSM.
IMSI c ghi trong MS v trong HLR v b mt vi ngi s dng. IMSI c cu
trc nh sau:
19
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Chng II
MCC
MNC
MSIN
Trong :
MCC (Mobile Country Code): m nc c mng GSM, do CCITT qui nh
nhn dng quc gia m thu bao ang c mt.
MNC (Mobile Network Code): m mng GSM.
MSIN (Mobile Subscriber Identification Number): s nhn dng thu bao di
ng, gm 10 s c dng nhn dng thu bao di ng trong cc vng dch v ca
mng GSM, vi 3 s u tin c dng nhn dng HLR.
MSIN c lu gi c nh trong VLR v trong thu bao MS. MSIN c
VLR s dng khi truy nhp HLR/AUC to lp H khu thng tr cho thu
bao.
Nhn dng thu bao di ng cc b - LMSI (Location Mobile subscriber
Identity):
Gm 4 octet. VLR lu gi v s dng LMSI cho tt c cc thu bao hin ang
c mt ti vng ph sng ca n v chuyn LMSI cng vi IMSI cho HLR. HLR s
dng LMSI mi khi cn chuyn cc mu tin lin quan n thu bao tng ng cung
cp dch v.
Nhn dng thu bao di ng tm thi - TMSI (Temporaly Mobile
subscriber Identity):
TMSI do VLR t to ra trong c s d liu ca n cng vi IMSI sau khi vic
kim tra quyn truy nhp ca thu bao chng t hp l. TMSI c s dng cng vi
LAI a ch ho thu bao trong BSS v truy nhp s liu ca thu bao trong c s d
liu ca VLR.
S vng lai ca thu bao di ng - MSRN (Mobile Station Roaming
Number ):
MSRN do VLR tm thi to ra yu cu ca HLR trc khi thit lp cuc gi
n mt thu bao ang lu ng n mng ca n. Khi cuc gi kt thc th MSRN
20
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Chng II
FAC
SNR
Trong :
TAC (Type Approval Code): m chng nhn loi thit b, gm 6 k t, dng
phn bit vi cc loi khng c cp bn quyn. TAC c qun l mt cch
tp trung.
FAC (Final Assembly Code): xc nh ni sn xut, gm 2 k t.
SNR (Serial Number): l s Seri, dng xc nh cc my c cng TAC v
FAC.
21
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Chng III
Phn II
TI U HA MNG GSM
Chng III
TNH TON MNG DI NG GSM
3.1. L thuyt dung lng v cp dch v
Trong qu trnh pht trin mng, tng cng dung lng ca mng l mt nhu
cu cp thit. Tuy nhin, cng cn xc nh dung lng cn tng l bao nhiu ph
hp vi tng giai on pht trin ca mng v ph hp vi yu cu v mt k thut v
kinh t hin ti.
22
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Chng III
C*t
3600
Trong :
C : s cuc gi trung bnh trong mt gi ca mt thu bao. t :
thi gian trung bnh cho mt cuc gi.
A : lu lng thng tin trn mt thu bao (tnh bng Erlang).
Theo s liu thng k in hnh th:
C=1
1*120
3600
33 mErlang/ngi s dng
23
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Chng III
= Carried Traffic
+ Blocked Traffic
24
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Chng III
4,9823
10
*100% = 49,823 %
6,7599
10
*100 % = 67,599 %.
GoS cng tt th hiu sut s dng trung k cng thp, cn phi c nhiu
knh v tuyn cho lu lng mun truyn cho. GoS cng km th vi mt lu
lng cho th ch cn s knh v tuyn l t hn.
Vi cng mt cp phc v, trung k cng ln (s knh dng chung ln) th hiu
qu s dng trung k cng cao.
S knh
Lu lng c truyn
TCH
(GoS = 2%)
trung k
2,2305 Erlang
37 %
10
4,9823 Erlang
49,82 %
15
8,8300 Erlang
58,86 %
25
17,155 Erlang
68,62 %
40
30,377 Erlang
75,94 %
25
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Chng III
26
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Chng III
27
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Chng III
2(
d )
V=h d
d
d
1
Trn thc t cc loi a hnh truyn sng rt phc tp, khng mt cng thc
no c th cp c ht cc loi a hnh ny. V vy, xut hin nhng m
hnh truyn sng nh nhng o c thc t ca cc nh khoa hc. Nhng kt qu t
nhng php o c chuyn thnh nhng th ch ra mi quan h gia cng
trng v khong cch vi mt s bin nh: chiu cao anten, loi a hnh...
Phng php o cng trng:
Nm 1968, Y. Okumura l mt k s ngi Nht Bn a ra rt nhiu s
liu v vic o cng trng tham kho. ng chia a hnh thnh 5 loi chnh
1. Vng hu nh bng phng
2. Vng nhiu i
3. Vng c chm ni c lp
4. Vng c a hnh dc
5. Vng ranh gii gia t v nc (b sng, b bin...)
ng a ra nhng th nghim trn tt c cc loi a hnh trn ti nhng tn
s khc nhau, vi nhng cao anten khc nhau v s dng cc cng sut pht
28
in t 3 K47
Chng III
29
in t 3 K47
Chng III
1500) MHz
hb
hm
20) m
20) km
2000 MHz
30
in t 3 K47
Chng III
Trong :
Lp
: tn s hot ng ( MHz )
hb
hm
: cao anten my di ng ( m )
Cm
M hnh SAKAGAMIKUBOL:
y l m hnh c pht trin da trn kt qu ca m hnh Okumura. Kt qu
l c c mt m hnh ng quan tm bi nhng l do sau:
1. N a ra rt nhiu tham s cho mi trng th.
2. N c th p ng c trn phm vi tn s 450
2200 MHz.
: b rng ca ng ti im thu ( 5
50 m )
80 m)
50 m)
hs
hb
: tn s hot ng (450
100 m)
10 km)
2200 MHz)
31
in t 3 K47
Chng III
3.2.2. Vn Fading
Fading chun Loga: trm di ng thng hot ng cc mi trng c
nhiu chng ngi vt (cc qu i, to nh...). iu ny dn n hiu ng che
khut (Shaddowing) lm gim cng tn hiu thu, khi thu bao di chuyn cng
thu s thay i.
Fading Rayleigh: Khi mi trng c nhiu chng ngi vt, tn hiu thu c
t nhiu phng khc nhau. iu ny ngha l tn hiu thu l tng ca nhiu tn hiu
ging nhau nhng khc pha v bin .
gim phn no tc hi do Fading gy ra, ngi ta thng tng cng sut pht
ln to ra mt lng d tr Fading, s dng mt s bin php nh: phn tp
anten, nhy tn ...
32
in t 3 K47
Chng III
C/I = 10log(Pc/Pi) .
Trong :
Pc = cng sut tn hiu thu mong mun
Pi = cng sut nhiu thu c.
33
in t 3 K47
Chng III
34
in t 3 K47
Chng III
35
in t 3 K47
Chng III
36
in t 3 K47
Chng III
37
in t 3 K47
Chng III
Trng hp 2:
38
in t 3 K47
Chng III
39
in t 3 K47
Chng III
4. o lng:
Bin php o lng c a ra trong nhng mi trng khc nhau m
nhng chng ngi vt gy nn phn tn ch nm ngoi vng ellipe c to nn bi
v tr gia BTS v MS v phm vi ca s cn bng (hnh 3.8).
Nng lng sng phn x t l vi R-4 ca khong cch. C ngha l n s
gim rt nhanh khi ra xa chng ngi vt. V li, nu BTS v MS nhn thy c
nhau th tn hiu trc tip s mnh hn rt nhiu so vi tn hiu phn x v tc hi
lm cho cht lng cuc kt ni khng c n nh trong thi gian phn tn thi
gian s rt nh.
40
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Chng IV
THIT K H THNG
4.1. H thng thng tin di ng t bo
H thng thng tin di ng t bo s dng mt s lng ln cc my pht v
tuyn cng sut thp to nn cc cell hay cn gi l t bo (n v a l c bn ca
h thng thng tin v tuyn). Thay i cng sut my pht nhm thay i kch thc
cell theo phn b mt thu bao, nhu cu thu bao theo tng vng c th. Khi thu
bao di ng di chuyn t cell ny sang cell khc, cuc m thoi ca h s c gi
nguyn lin tc, khng gin on. Tn s s dng cell ny c th c s dng li
cell khc vi khong cch xc nh gia hai cell.
Cu trc h thng thoi di ng trc y
Dch v thoi di ng truyn thng c cu trc ging nh h thng truyn
hnh pht thanh qung b: Mt trm pht sng cng sut mnh t ti mt cao im c
th pht tn hiu trong vng bn knh n 50km.
41
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
42
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
43
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Trn thc t, hnh dng ca cell l khng xc nh. Vic quy hoch vng ph
sng cn quan tm n cc yu t a hnh v mt thu bao, t xc nh s
lng trm gc BTS, kch thc cell v phng thc ph sng thch hp.
n*10 km (GSM:
35 km) V
1 km) V
44
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
45
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
46
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
47
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Cell mi. Tuy cc Cell mi phn bit nhau theo chc nng mng nhng chng vn ti
mt bng c.
Khi , ti mi v tr c (Site) by gi c th phc v c 3 cell mi, nhng
cell ny nh hn v c 3 anten nh hng c t v tr ny, gc gia cc anten
ny l 1200.
48
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
49
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Bn knh
on
14 km
S thu
Hiu qu
bao/ 1 bao/km2
trung k
TCH
Phm vi
mi
25
499,2km2
999
2,0
76%
8 km
21
166,4km2
227
1,4
54%
4 km
21
41,6 km2
227
5,5
54%
2 km
21
10,4 km2
227
21,8
54%
50
S thu
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
T bng ta thy, trong ln tch th nht, dung lng b gim (s thu bao trn
1 km2 gim t 2 xung cn 1,4) l do hiu sut trung k b gim khi s knh trn mt
cell t i. Tuy nhin, y l mt bc khng th thiu c thc hin cc bc tip
theo. i vi cc bc tip theo l qui trnh 1 tch 4, bn knh cell gim 2 ln, nhng
dung lng tng 4 ln.
Nh vy, ta thy rng bin php cell split lm gim kch thc ca cell.
Nhng cng lm tng dung lng h thng. Bin php ny phi c p dng theo
tng giai on pht trin ca mng. Tuy nhin, bin php ny cng c mt s hn
ch bi kch thc cell cng c gii hn (gii hn trn l do cng sut bc x ca
BTS v MS c hn, gii hn di l do vn nhiu). ng thi vic lp t cc v
tr trm mi i hi kinh ph ln, vic kho st chn c nhng v tr thch hp
cng gp nhiu kh khn (nh trm t thit b, xy dng ct anten, mng in li
thun tin...)
gii quyt vn dung lng nhng khu vc c mt rt cao m cc bin
php trn khng gii quyt c, th vic s dng cc minicell v cc
microcell s tr nn ph bin vi phm vi ph sng nh, cng sut bc x ca BTS
(thng l cc trm Repeater) thp.
51
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
914,8 MHz.
959,8 MHz.
1736,6 MHz.
1831,6 MHz.
Ti nguyn tn s c hn trong khi s lng thu bao th ngy cng tng ln, nn
vic s dng li tn s l iu tt yu. Tuy nhin, khi s dng li tn s th vn nhiu
ng knh xut hin. Do cn c s hoch nh tn s tt ti thiu ha nh
hng ca nhiu ti cht lng ca h thng.
4.3.1. Ti s dng li tn s
Mt h thng t ong l da trn vic s dng li tn s. Nguyn l c bn
khi thit k h thng t ong l cc mu s dng li tn s. Theo nh ngha s dng
li tn s l vic s dng cc knh v tuyn cng mt tn s mang ph sng
cho cc vng a l khc nhau. Cc vng ny phi cch nhau mt c ly ln
mi nhiu giao thoa ng knh (c th xy ra) chp nhn c. T s sng mang
trn nhiu C/I ph thuc vo v tr tc thi ca thu bao di ng do a hnh khng
ng nht, s lng v kiu tn x.
Mng mu (Cluster)
Cluster l mt nhm cc cell. Cc knh khng c ti s dng tn s trong mt
cluster.
Nh khai thc mng c giy php s dng mt s c hn cc tn s v
tuyn. Vic quy hoch tn s, ta phi sp xp thch hp cc tn s v tuyn vo mt
mng mu sao cho cc mng mu s dng li tn s m khng b nhiu qu mc.
52
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
53
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
C. .R = I . .(D-R)
(D
R)
D
=
=(
3.N -1)
C
x
(dB) = 10*lg( 3.N -1)
I
T s C/I (dB)
S cell (N)
3,5
4,0
9,0
10,5
12,0
11,7
13,7
15,6
16,6
19,4
22,2
18,7
21,8
24,9
12
21,0
24,5
28,0
21
25,2
29,4
33,6
54
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
(i; j nguyn)
Theo cng thc ny: di chuyn t cell th nht i i cell theo mt hng, sau
quay i 600 v di chuyn i j cell theo hng ny. Hai cell u v cui ca qu trnh di
chuyn ny la hai cell ng knh.
Phn b t s C/I cn thit h thng c th xc nh s nhm tn s N m ta c
th s dng. Nu ton b s knh quy nh
cha (
l c nh nn s nhm tn s N nh hn s dn
4.3.2. Cc mu ti s dng tn s
K hiu tng qut ca mu s dng li tn s: Mu M /N
Trong : M = tng s sites trong mng mu
N = tng s cells trong mng mu
Ba kiu mu s dng li tn s thng dng l: 3/9, 4/12 v 7/21.
4.3.2.1. Mu ti s dng tn s 3/9:
Mu ti s dng li tn s 3/9 c ngha cc tn s s dng c chia thnh 9
nhm tn s n nh trong 3 v tr trm gc (Site). Mu ny c khong cch gia cc
trm ng knh l D = 5,2R.
Cc tn s mu 3/9 (gi thit c 41 tn s t cc knh 84 n 124 - l s tn
s s dng trong mng GSM900 ca VMS):
n nh tn s
A1
B1
C1
A2
B2
C2
A3
B3
C3
BCCH 84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
TCH1
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
TCH2
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
TCH3
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
TCH4
120
121
122
123
55
124
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
56
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Tuy nhin, trong h thng 3/9 cc cell cnh nhau v mt a l nh A1 & C3, C1
& A2, C2 & A3 li s dng cc sng mang lin nhau. iu ny chng t rng t s C/A
i vi cc my di ng hot ng bin gii gia hai cell A1 v C3 l 0dB, y l
mc nhiu cao mc d t s ny l ln hn t s chun ca GSM l (- 9 dB). Vic s
dng cc bin php nh nhy tn, iu khin cng sut ng, truyn dn gin on l
nhm mc ch gim ti thiu cc hiu ng ny.
4.3.2.2. Mu ti s dng tn s 4/12:
Mu s dng li tn s 4/12 c ngha l cc tn s s dng c chia thnh
12 nhm tn s n nh trong 4 v tr trm gc. Khong cch gia cc trm ng knh
khi l D = 6R.
Cc tn s mu 4/12:
n nh tn s
A1
B1
C1
D1
A2
B2
C2
D2
A3
B3
C3
D3
BCCH 84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
TCH1
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
TCH2
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
TCH3
120
121
122
123
124
57
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
58
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
n nh tn s
A1
B1
C1
D1
E1
F1
G1
A2
B2
C2
D2
E2
F2
G2
A3
B3
C3
D3
E3
F3
G3
BCCH
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
TCH
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
59
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
/N) tng th khong cch gia cc trm ng knh D s gim 7,9R; 6R;
ca mng.
Mu 3/9: s knh trong mt cell l ln, tuy nhin kh nng nhiu cao. M
hnh ny thng c p dng cho nhng vng c mt my di ng cao.
Mu 4/12: s dng cho nhng vng c mt lu lng trung bnh.
Mu 7/21: s dng cho nhng khu vc mt thp.
60
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
C
A
61
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
C
ca chng gn bng 0 dB.
A
nh hng ti
C
I
8 dB.
62
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
63
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
64
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
65
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
66
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
67
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
68
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
69
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
S TRX /cell
T l cell (%)
20%
30%
50%
MRP groups
12 / 8
12 / 8 / 6
12 / 8 / 6 / 4
H s s dng
12
12
10
li tn s TB
12
8,7
7,5
S dng li tn
10
9,0
8,5
Nh
Ln
Rt ln
s TB thc t
(Gii hn trn)
phn tn
Cell A
Cell B
BCCH
84
86
88
90
TCH1
113
114
115
120
TCH2
95
99
107
TCH3
103
Patch
93
92
Cell C
94
96
98
100
117
118
119
124
105
109
87
91
102
104
106
108
110
121
122
123
116
85
89
97
112
101
15
12
9
3
111
2
41
70
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
4.4. Antenna
Anten l thit b thc hin vic chuyn i nng lng gia sng c dn
hng (v d trong cp ng trc) v sng trong mi trng khng gian t do, hoc
ngc li. Anten c th c s dng pht hoc thu tn hiu v tuyn.
Trong thng tin di ng, vic s dng anten thch hp s c vai tr rt quan
trng, quyt nh ti cht lng h thng.
71
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
72
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
L G
Trong :
- PEIRP (dBm): cng sut bc x ng hng tng ng;
- Pt (dBm): tng cng sut ca cc my pht;
- L (dB): tng suy hao t cc my pht n anten (v d do combiner,
feeder);
- G (dBi): tng ch cc i ca anten tng ng vi anten ng
hng.
73
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
74
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
75
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
h
30
0
) arctg(
) 0,43
d
4000
T th thc nghim ta c Gain Reduction = 0,2 (dB).
arctg(
arctg (
30
3,44
500
Nn Gain Reduction = 4 (dB).
76
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
77
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
78
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
79
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
80
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Giai on 1:
81
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
82
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Giai on 2:
MSC1 yu cu mt Handover Number (HON) t MSC2 v thng bo vi
MSC2 thng tin v cell B.
83
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
84
in t 3 K47
Chng IV
Thit k h thng
Giai on 4:
Gii phng kt ni vi BTS c.
85
in t 3 K47
Chng V
Chng V
CC CH TIU CHT LNG H THNG
5.1. Khi nim v cht lng dch v QOS
QOS (Quality of Service) c th xem nh l nhng ch tiu nh gi mng
li m bt c mt h thng thng tin di ng no u phi c. Ch tiu cht lng
mng li y phi l nhng tiu ch thc s cht lng chng hn nh ting
ni trong tro, t rt cuc gi v khng b nghn mch. nh gi c cht lng
mng chng ta phi xc nh nhng i lng c trng (key indicators), qua
cho php nhng ci nhn chnh xc v s hot ng ca mng li cng nh cht
lng ca mng.
Rate)
C th nh ngha CSSR nh l t l m ngi s dng (thu bao) thnh cng
trong vic bt u thc hin cuc gi xt trn c hai chiu gi i v gi n (lu l
nhng cuc gi c ni nhng b rt trong trng hp ny vn c coi l
thnh cng). Thnh cng y ta c th tm coi l khi ngi s dng quay s v
bm YES, cuc gi chc chn c ni (trng hp gi i). Trong trng hp
gi n, s khng thnh cng c th hiu n gin l mt ai thc s gi n
thu bao nhng thu bao vn khng nhn c mt tn hiu bo gi no mc d anh
ta vn bt my v nm trong vng ph sng. CSSR c th c tnh nh sau:
CSSR = Tng s ln thc hin (nhn) thnh cng cuc gi / Tng s ln thc
hin (nhn) cuc gi
Theo khuyn ngh Alcatel v ch tiu cht lng h thng th t l thit lp
cuc gi thnh cng CSSR cn t l 92%.
86
in t 3 K47
Chng V
87
in t 3 K47
Chng V
88
in t 3 K47
Chng V
89
in t 3 K47
Chng V
(GOS (t-1,A))
(*)
GOS (0,A) = 1.
Tuy nhin Lu lng yu cu l mt ci g c v khng thc, khng th cn
o ong m c v ngi ta ch c th o c lu lng thc mang bi cc knh
thoi m thi. V vy ngi ta tnh lu lng yu cu A nh sau:
A = C*(1+GOS)
Trong C - lu lng o c trn h thng
Nhng vn li l lm sao tnh c GOS. tnh GOS u tin ngi ta gi
s A= C, da vo cng thc (*) ta c th tnh c GOS1 no y, v khi :
C1=A/(1+GOS1)
Nu nh C1 va tnh c li nh hn C thc, ngi ta li tng A ln mt cht
chng hn A= C + 0,00001, li tnh theo cch trn v c nh th cho ti khi Cn tnh
c gn vi C thc nht. Khi gi tr tnh c GOSn chnh l gi tr ca GOS cn
tm. Khi tnh c lu lng yu cu A, ta c th d dng xc nh s knh cn
thit bng cch tra bng.
90
in t 3 K47
Chng V
91
in t 3 K47
Chng V
IHOSR)
IHOSR c nh ngha nh l t l gia s ln nhn handover thnh cng v
tng s ln c yu cu chp nhn handover.
IHOSR = Tng handover vo thnh cng / Tng handover vo
(IHOSR = Incoming HO Success / Total Incoming HO request by BSS)
IHOSR ca mt cell rt quan trng, n nh hng trc tip n cht lng
ca khu vc c cha cell . Nu IHOSR l thp, n s lm tng t l rt mch
nhng cell xung quanh n v thm ch lm nh hng n cht lng thoi ca
cuc gi bi v nu mt ln handover khng thnh cng th cuc gi hoc s b rt
hoc h thng s phi thc hin mt ln handover khc v mt ln nh th lung tn
hiu thoi s b ct v lm cho ngi nghe cm gic bi t on trong m thoi.
IHOSR cn phn nh c cht lng phn cng ca cell, chng hn sleeping
TRXs trn cell.
5.2.7.3. T l thnh cng handover ra
OHOSR)
OHOSR c nh ngha nh l t l gia s ln handover ra thnh cng v tng
s ln c yu cu handover.
OHOSR = Tng handover thnh cng / Tng s ln quyt nh handover
(OHOSR = HO Success / Total HO request by BSS )
92
in t 3 K47
Chng V
93
in t 3 K47
Chng V
5.2.7.5. Thi gian chim mch trung bnh (MHT - Mean Holding Time)
MHT c nh ngha nh l thi gian chim mch trung bnh cho mt ln
chim mch. V n c th c tnh nh sau:
MHT= Tng thi gian chim mch/ Tng s ln chim mch thnh cng.
y cng l mt i lng tt tham kho khi quan st cht lng ca mt
h thng. Trong h thng GSM ca Mobifone gi tr ny trung bnh nm trong
khong 60-70 giy. Tuy nhin gi tr ca MHT cn ph thuc vo mt ca cell
trn mng: mt cell trn mng cng cao th MHT cng nh v ngc li
Nu nh mt lc no gi tr ny tr nn rt cao (v d 200 s chng hn),
iu c ngha l mt s timeslot ca cell b treo hay ni cch khc l n
b chim lin tc mc d khng c cuc gi no ang c thc hin trn n c.
Ngc li trong mt s trng hp ta li thy MHT rt thp (15 s chng hn), khi
nht nh l ta c vn vi cell - hoc gi l cht lng qu km (do nhiu
hoc phn cng) hoc vng ph sng qu hp (do cng sut tt hay hng anten).
94
in t 3 K47
STT BSC
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
Bo Ho
Gia Lam
Giap Bat
1
Giap Bat
2
Hai
Duong
Hai
Phong 2
haiphong
hanoi4
hanoi6
HThuc
Khang
Lao Cai
Nam
Dinh
ninhbinh
Quang
Ninh
Quang
Ninh 2
Soc Son
Thuong
Dinh
Viet Tri
Ha Tinh
Nghe An
ALL
Total:
10,915
4,939
29
26
11,159
34
5,257
31
7,081
26
9,983
10,545
7,065
10,032
27
23
76
38
10,698
937
Traff
ic(Er
97
l)
74
Site
s
104
Cell
s
79
TRX
s
73
Defi
ne
212
149
SDCC
TCH
TCH TCH SDCC SDCC
TCH
TCH
CON
H
AVAI H
Request Success CONG G
H
L
Define
AVAIL
(%)
(%)
1425 1425
1296
1296
1,607,430 1,566,461
0.03
0.95
Call
SDCCH Setup
DROP
Succ
RATE
Rate %
%0.16
98.46
Call
HO
Drop OUT HO
%
Rate SUCC INC
%
(%) SUCC DAT
(%) A100
0.66
96.41 96.32
980
976
1030
1025.5
612,021
600,001
0.22
0.47
0.57
98.42
0.7
96.32
96.28
100
221
1465
1457
1488
1488
1,360,429
1,330,782
0.03
0.87
0.2
98.57
0.6
96.3
96.31
100
160
1049
1047
1137
1134.8
617,705
598,318
0.13
0.54
1.08
97.72
0.87
93.89
92.34
100
159
1060
1052
1039
1039
819,208
790,794
0.13
0.75
0.95
97.79
0.97
89.27
90.43
100
85
76
169
98
1251
1060
1765
1335
1250.9
1060
1745.6
1328.7
1,293,191
1,412,648
847,326
1,183,220
1,255,218
1,374,474
818,137
1,158,903
0.68
0.22
3.7
0.21
0.63
0.95
1.37
0.7
1.01
0.48
1.24
0.25
97.52
98.03
96.4
98.64
1.07
0.8
1.27
0.67
94.07
95.14
94.54
96
94.14
95.19
94.05
96.5
100
100
100
100
27
10
92
19
204
34
1374 1373.6
227
227
1236
190
1235.5
190
1,523,563
70,511
1,486,578
62,248
0.22
0.29
0.84
5.76
0.23
0.5
98.46
93.11
0.71
4.65
96.69
75.53
96.48
75.53
100
100
2,652
3,406
21
32
50
72
107
140
718
920
718
910.4
654
952
654
940.7
353,173
379,068
339,868
372,353
0.07
0.04
0.18
0.16
0.61
0.63
96.86
98.81
1.48
1.17
95.4
92.3
93.99
94.44
100
100
9,930
28
78
189
1273 1257.7
1212
1205.5
1,180,893
1,155,450
0.07
0.85
0.71
97.9
0.96
95.97
96.14
100
6,663
20
59
121
811
809.5
734
732.4
772,765
727,816
0.53
2.32
0.84
94.41
1.13
92.28
91.95
100
2,363
19
46
78
484.8
484.1
560.5
560.5
293,257
280,516
0.31
0.46
0.71
97.12
1.25
91.77
91.89
100
8,699
2,613
1,679
3,578
32
41
19
35
91
101
57
105
191
138
121
198
1268
871
919
1,460
1268
850.2
905
1,441
1261
955
527
879
1261
931
511
879
1,132,377
277,858
200,338
429,136
1,104,462
273,367
199,128
423,788
1.37
0.13
0.01
0
0.71
0.21
0
0.14
0.71
0.72
0.2
0.26
97.86
98.42
99.69
99.55
0.87
0.97
0.7
0.84
95.75
96.02
96.38
94.46
95.84
96.12
97.05
94.17
100
100
100
100
0.61
0.78
97.9
0.9
134,415
21,652
95
100
Chng V
Thng s
Alcatel
4%
T l chuyn giao HO in
90 %
90 %
T l rt SDCCH
6%
T l nghn TCH
2%
T l nghn SDCCH
0,5 %
92 %
Thng s
VMS_Center 1
1,2 %
T l chuyn giao HO in
93 %
93 %
T l rt SDCCH
1,5 %
T l nghn TCH
1,2 %
T l nghn SDCCH
0,5 %
96 %
96
in t 3 K47
Chng V
97
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
Chng VI
MT S MINH HA CNG TC TI U
HA MNG VMS_MOBIFONE
6.1. o kim tra Handover gia hai trm
Cng vi cc cng c khc, my TEMS c s dng thng xuyn trong vic
o v kim tra cht lng h thng.
Di y gii thiu vic s dng my TEMS T68i ca Ericsson o kim tra
handover t trm Trng nh sang trm i La.
98
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
i La
84
1-2
-53
Trng nh
103
2-3
-57
98
1-5
-73
85
-78
102
-79
104
-80
Bng tn
900
BCCH ARFCN
84
BSIC
1-2
Timeslot
99
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
100
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
101
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
6.3. Thc hin m rng TRX nng cao ch tiu cht lng
Di y trnh by kt qu vic thc hin m rng TRX ti trm Hng Lc
nng cao ch tiu cht lng.
Thi gian gim st v theo di cht lng t ngy 08/03/2007 n ngy
08/04/2007:
Hnh 6-5 Cc ch tiu cht lng h thng trc v sau khi m rng TRX ti
Hng Lc (Cell A_Bng tn 1800)
T biu s liu thng k trn ta nhn thy trc ngy 22/03/07 cc ch tiu
cht lng h thng ti cell Hng Lc A l khng c m bo:
T l thit lp cuc gi thnh cng thp.
T l nghn TCH rt cao.
T l nghn TCH cao dn n s ln chim mch TCH thnh cng thp.
C th ta xem xt s liu thng k cho tng ngy thy r tnh trng ca h
thng trc v sau khi m rng TRX:
102
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
TCH
AVAIL
Traffic
AVG TCH
SEIZED
TCH
HO Call (%)
Seizures
03-08
Thursday
12.4
156.58
65.64
16941
57.64
89.62
0.29
10.18
0.13
03-09
Friday
13
176.79
68.25
19384
58.99
89.07
0.26
10.72
0.11
03-10
Saturday
13
170.61
66.33
19813
61.55
90.55
0.18
9.28
03-11
Sunday
13
168.64
66.17
20082
62.64
92.26
0.28
7.39
0.14
03-12
Monday
13
177.3
67.63
19458
58.6
89.2
0.16
10.5
03-13
Tuesday
13
174.24
65.54
19700
58.84
89.92
0.2
9.84
0.15
03-14
Wednesday
13
181.37
69.54
20218
59.38
89.13
0.31
10.59
0.1
03-15
Thursday
13
176.47
67.58
20408
57.73
89.28
0.26
10.4
03-16
Friday
13
176.18
68.08
21039
57.8
90.28
0.22
9.53
03-17
Saturday
13
172.31
66.54
20988
63.77
91.73
0.25
7.98
03-18
Sunday
13
174.18
67.46
21107
65.71
92.72
0.26
6.88
03-19
Monday
13
175.29
67.08
20092
61.71
90.34
0.32
9.26
03-20
Tuesday
12.4
208.32
61.39
23485
66.79
85.78
0.3
14.01
0.12
03-21
Wednesday
15.3
279.63
63.08
32857
74.25
89.33
0.61
10.36
0.89
CALL SETUP
Call Drop TCH congn
SUCC
SDCCH
Congn
Traffic
03-22
Thursday
21
315.2
70.75
36357
74.1
99.17
0.18
0.61
03-23
Friday
21
301.72
71.55
35083
74.41
99.23
0.21
0.65
03-25
Sunday
21
275.64
70.64
34422
73.53
99.33
0.24
0.47
03-26
Monday
21
328.9
71.25
39574
74.08
98.14
0.21
1.64
03-27
Tuesday
21
319.46
69.79
37689
74.67
99.44
0.34
0.45
03-28
Wednesday
21
270.26
102.26
31115
69.59
95.58
0.23
4.31
0.02
03-29
Thursday
21
278.95
102.58
32630
71.05
96.88
0.21
2.97
0.07
03-30
Friday
21
272.18
100.58
31494
68.78
95.6
0.22
4.18
03-31
Saturday
21
298.05
104.33
37004
72.06
98.38
0.22
1.45
04-01
Sunday
21
279.59
104.54
35008
72.27
98.68
0.31
1.16
04-02
Monday
21
275.2
103.46
31861
70.68
96.44
0.27
3.32
0.04
04-03
Tuesday
21
271.4
99.54
31341
72.05
96.76
0.19
3.03
0.08
04-04
Wednesday
21
282.34
100.71
32035
71.92
97.05
0.26
2.82
04-05
Thursday
21
268.45
100.88
30497
71.06
96.6
0.22
3.17
Date(mm-dd)
AVG TCH
SEIZED
TCH
Seizures
HO Call
103
CALL SETUP
Call Drop TCH congn
SUCC
SDCCH
Congn
in t 3 K47
Chng VI
104
in t 3 K47
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
KT LUN
***
n tt nghip trnh by nhng nt c bn nht v mng thng tin di ng
GSM, cng vi mt s cng tc ti u ha h thng c thc hin ti mng
VMS_MobiFone. Ti u ho l mt cng vic kh khn v i hi ngi thc hin
phi nm vng h thng, ngoi ra cng cn phi c nhng kinh nghim thc t v s
tr gip ca nhiu phng tin hin i c th gim st v kim tra ri t mi
a ra cc cng vic thc hin ti u ho.
Do thi gian thc tp c hn v nhng hn ch khng trnh khi ca vic hiu
bit cc vn da trn l thuyt l chnh nn bo co tt nghip ca em chc chn
khng trnh khi nhng thiu st. Em rt mong c c nhng kin nh gi, gp
ca cc thy v cc bn n thm hon thin.
Qua thi gian thc tp em thy ti u ho l mt mng ti rng v lun
cn thit cho cc mng vin thng hin ti ni chung v mng thng tin di ng ni
ring. Kh nng ng dng ca ti l gip ch cho nhng ngi lm cng tc ti
u ho mng, l c s l thuyt phn tch v tin hnh, t hon ton c th
tm ra gii php ti u khoa hc nht. V phn mnh, em tin tng rng trong tng
lai nu c lm vic trong lnh vc ny, em s tip tc c s nghin cu mt cch
su sc hn na v ti ny.
Mt ln na, em xin chn thnh cm n Trng phng V Anh_Phng
Cng ngh v Pht trin mng, Trng phng Nguyn Xun Ngha_Phng K thut
Khai thc to iu kin gip em trong t thc tp tt nghip.
ng thi, em xin gi li cm n chn thnh ti thy Nguyn Tin Quyt cng
vi t trng t ti u ha anh Trung Minh v cc cn b phng K
thut_Khai thc thuc cng ty thng tin di ng VMS_MobiFone khu vc I trc
tip hng dn v gip em hon thnh n tt nghip ny.
H Ni, Ngy
thng
nm 2007
105
in t 3 K47
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
1800,
in
Mobile
106
in t 3 K47
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
PH LC
***
BNG ERLANG B
GoS (Grade of Service)
TCH
10
20
40
TCH
1
2
3
4
5
.01010
.15259
.45549
.86942
1.3608
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1.9090
2.5009
3.1276
3.7825
4.4612
2.2759
2.9354
3.6271
4.3447
5.0840
2.5431
3.2497
3.9865
4.7479
5.5294
2.9603
3.7378
4.5430
5.3702
6.2157
8.1907
9.7998
11.419
13.045
14.677
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
5.1599
5.8760
6.6072
7.3517
8.1080
5.8415
6.6147
7.4015
8.2003
9.0096
6.3280
7.1410
7.9967
8.8035
9.6500
7.0764
8.4871 10.857 16.314
7.9501
9.4740 12.036 17.954
8.8349
10.470 13.222 19.589
9.7295
11.473 14.413 21.243
10.633 12.484 15.608 22.891
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
8.8750
9.6516
10.437
11.230
12.031
9.8284
10.656
11.491
12.333
13.182
10.505
11.368
12.238
13.115
13.997
11.544
12.461
13.385
14.315
15.249
13.500
14.522
15.548
16.579
17.613
16.807
18.010
19.216
20.424
21.635
24.541
26.192
27.844
29.498
31.152
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
12.838
13.651
14.470
15.295
16.125
14.036
14.896
15.761
16.631
17.505
14.885
15.778
16.675
17.577
18.483
16.189
17.132
18.080
19.031
19.985
18.651
19.692
20.737
21.784
22.833
22.848
24.046
25.281
26.499
27.720
32.808
34.464
36.121
37.779
39.437
21
22
23
24
25
26
26
3.7548
4.6662
5.5971
6.5464
7.5106
107
5.1086
6.2302
7.3692
8.5217
9.6850
in t 3 K47
Ti u ha mng di ng GSM
27
28
29
30
17.797
18.640
19.487
20.337
19.265
20.150
21.039
21.932
20.305
21.221
22.140
23.062
21.904
22.867
23.833
24.802
24.939
25.995
27.053
28.113
30.164
31.388
32.614
33.840
42.755
44.414
46.074
47.735
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
21.191
22.048
22.909
23.772
24.638
22.827
23.725
24.626
25.529
26.455
23.987
24.914
25.844
26.776
27.711
25.773
26.746
27.721
28.698
29.677
29.174
30.237
31.301
32.367
33.434
35.067
36.295
37.524
38.754
39.985
49.395
51.056
52.718
54.379
56.041
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
25.507
26.378
27.252
28.129
29.007
27.343
28.254
29.166
30.081
30.997
28.647
29.585
30.526
31.468
32.412
30.657
31.640
32.624
33.609
34.596
34.503
35.572
36.643
37.715
38.787
41.216
42.448
43.680
44.913
46.147
57.703
59.365
61.028
62.690
64.353
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
29.888
30.771
31.656
32.543
33.432
31.916
32.836
33.758
34.682
35.607
33.357
34.305
35.253
36.203
37.155
35.584
36.574
37.565
38.557
39.550
39.864
40.936
42.011
43.088
44.165
47.381
48.616
49.851
51.086
52.322
66.016
67.679
69.342
71.066
72.669
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
TCH
35.215
36.109
37.004
37.901
37.462
38.392
39.323
40.255
39.062
40.018
40.975
41.933
41.540
42.537
43.534
44.533
46.322
47.404
48.481
49.562
54.796
56.033
57.270
58.508
75.997
77.660
79.324
80.988
51
52
10
108
20
40
TCH
in t 3 K47