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CC DNG TON M TRNG TM P2

Thy ng Vit Hng
DNG 2. BI TON M S C IU KIN
Bi 1: Hi t 10 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s khc nhau, sao cho
trong cc ch s c mt s 0 v 1.
Li gii:
* So cac so co 6 ch so khac nhau la:
6
5
A10
A10
= 9.9.8.7.6.5 = 136080
* So cac so co 6 ch so khac nhau va eu khac 0 la:
A69 = 9.8.7.6.5.4 = 60480
* So cac so co 6 ch so khac nhau va eu khac 1 la:
A69 A59 = 8.8.7.6.5.4 = 53760
Vay so cac so co 6 ch so khac nhau trong o eu co mat 0 va 1 la:
136080 60480 53760 = 21840 so.
Bi 2: T 5 ch s 0, 1, 3, 5, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 4 ch s khc nhau v khng chia ht cho 5.
Li gii:
* Trc het ta tm so cac so gom 4 ch so khac nhau:
Co 4 kha nang chon ch so hang ngan (khong chon ch so 0)
Co A34 kha nang chon 3 ch so cuoi.
Co 4. A34 = 4.4! = 96 so.
* Tm so cac so gom 4 ch so khac nhau va chia het cho 5:
Neu ch so tan cung la 0: co A34 = 24 so
Neu ch so tan cung la 5: co 3 kha nang chon ch so hang nghn, co A32 = 6 kha nang chon 2 ch
so cuoi. Vay co 3.6 = 18 so
Do o co 24 + 18 = 42 so gom 4 ch so khac nhau va chia het cho 5.
Vay co: 96 42 = 54 so gom 4 ch so khac nhau va khong chia het cho 5.
Bi 3: Cho cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. T cc ch s cho ta c th lp c:
1. Bao nhiu s chn c bn ch s v bn ch s khc nhau tng i mt.
2. Bao nhiu s chia ht cho 5, c ba ch s v ba ch s khc nhau tng i mt.
3. Bao nhiu s chia ht cho 9, c ba ch s v ba ch s khc nhau tng i mt.
Li gii:
1. So chan gom bon ch so khac nhau co dang:
abc0 hoac abc2 hoac abc4
* Vi so abc0 ta co: 5 cach chon a, 4 cach chon b, 3 cach chon c.
Co 5.4.3 = 60 so
* Vi so abc2 hoac abc4 ta co: 4 cach chon a, 4 cach chon b, 3 cach chon c.
Co 4.4.3 = 48 so abc2 va 48 so abc4
Vay co: 60 + 48 + 48 = 156 so chan.
2. So chia het cho 5 va gom ba ch so co dang ab0 hoac ab5 .
* Vi so ab0 ta co: 5 cach chon a, 4 cach chon b.
Co 5.4 = 20 so
* Vi so ab5 ta co: 4 cach chon a, 4 cach chon b.
Co 4.4 = 16 so
Vay co: 20 + 16 so can tm.
3. Goi abc la so chia het cho 9 gom ba ch so khac nhau. Khi o {a,b,c} co the la: {0,4,5}, {1,3,5},
{2,3,4}.
* Khi {a,b,c} = {0,4,5} th cac so phai tm la: 405, 450, 504, 540
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co 4 so
* Khi {a,b,c} = {1,3,5} hay {2,3,4} th so phai tm la hoan v cua 3 phan t co 3! = 6 so.
Vay co: 4 + 6 + 6 = 16 so can tm.
Bi 4: Vi cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 ta lp cc s m mi s c nm ch s trong cc ch s khc nhau tng i
mt. Hi
1. C bao nhiu s trong phi c mt ch s 2.
2. C bao nhiu s trong phi c mt hai ch s 1 v 6.
Li gii:
Xet so nam ch so a1a2a3a4a5
1. Xep ch so 2 vao mot trong nam v tr: co 5 cach xep
Sau o xep 5 ch so con lai vao 4 v tr con lai: co A54 = 120 cach.
Vay co 5.120 = 600 so.
2. Xep cac ch so 1 va 6 vao 5 v tr: co A52 cach.
Xep 4 ch so con lai vao 3 v tr con lai: co A34 = 24 cach.
Vay co A52 . A34 = 480 so.
Bi 5: Vi cc s: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th thnh lp c bao nhiu s t nhin gm 4 ch s khc nhau v trong
phi c mt ch s 0.
Li gii:
So cac so t nhien gom 4 ch so khac nhau c viet t 6 ch so: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 la: 5. A35 = 300
Trong cac so noi tren, so cac so t nhien khong co mat ch so 0 la:

A54 = 120

Vay so cac so t nhien thoa man yeu cau la: 300 120 = 180 so.
Bi 6: Cho 8 ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Hi c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 6 ch s khc nhau, trong nht
thit phi c mt ch s 4.
Li gii:
Gia s so can tm co dang: A = a1a2a3a4a5a6 .
+) Neu a1 = 4 th cac ch so con lai cua A la mot trong 7 ch so 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7. Vay co A57 =
2520 so.
+) Neu a1 4 th v a1 0 nen ch co 6 cach chon a1. V so 4 phai co ung mot trong 5 v tr con lai
la a2, a3, a4, a5, a6. Khi o cac v tr khac (khong co ch so 4) se ch con A64 so khac nhau. Vay
trng hp nay co 6.5. A64 = 10800 so.
Vay tat ca co: 2520 + 10800 = 13320 so.
Bi 7: Vi cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin m mi s c 5 ch s khc nhau v
trong phi c ch s 5.
Li gii:
Ta s dung 5 o sau e viet so co 5 ch so:
Trng hp 1: So tao thanh cha ch so 0:
Co 4 cach chon v tr cho ch so 0. Sau o con 4 cach chon v tr cho ch so 5. So cach chon 3
ch so con lai la: A35
So cac so thu c la: 4.4. A35 = 960 so
Trng hp 2: So tao thanh khong cha so 0:
Co 5 cach chon v tr cho ch so 5.
So cach chon 4 ch so con lai la: A54
So cac so thu c la: 5. A54 = 600 so.
Vay co tat ca: 960 + 600 = 1560 so.
Bi 8: T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th thit lp c bao nhiu s c 6 ch s khc nhau m hai ch s 1 v 6
khng ng cnh nhau?
Li gii:
So cac so gom 6 ch so khac nhau la: 6! = 720
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Trong o, so cac so co cha 16 la 5! = 120

so cac so co cha 61 la 5! = 120
Vay so cac so can tm la: 720 240 = 480 so.
Bi 9: T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 9 ch s m ch s 9 ng v tr
chnh gia?
Li gii:
Ta ch co 1 cach chon v tr cho ch so 9.
Khi o so cach xep 8 ch so con lai la 8!
Vay tat ca co: 8! = 40320 so.
Bi 10: Tnh tng tt c cc s t nhin gm 5 ch s khc nhau i mt c lp t 6 ch s 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8.
Li gii:
K hieu X la tap hp tat ca cac so t nhien gom 5 ch so khac nhau oi mot lap t 6 ch so 1, 3, 4,
5, 7, 8.
Xet x = a1a2a3a4a5 X.
Neu chon a5 = 1 th a1a2a3a4 ng vi mot chnh hp chap 4 cua 5 phan t 3, 4, 5, 7, 8 co A54 so
co ch hang n v la 1.
Tng t co A54 so co ch hang n v la 3;
Tong tat ca ch so hang n v cua cac phan t x X la: (1 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 8). A54 = 3360.
Lap luan tng t, tong tat ca ch so hang chuc cua cac phan t x X la: 3360.10;
Vay tong tat ca cac phan t cua X la:
S = 3360 + 3360.10 + 3360.100 + 3360.1000 + 3360.10000 = 3360.11111 = 3732960.
Bi 11:
1. C bao nhiu s chn c ba ch s khc nhau c to thnh t cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
2. C bao nhiu s c ba ch s khc nhau c to thnh t cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 m cc s nh hn s
345.
Li gii:
1. Xet cac so chan x = abc vi 3 ch so khac nhau; a, b, c {1;2;3;4;5} = E.
V x chan nen c {2;4} co 2 cach chon c.
Vi moi cach chon c, co A24 cach chon bc .
Vay tat ca co: 2. A24 = 24 so chan.
2. Xet x = abc vi 3 ch so khac nhau thuoc E = {1;2;3;4;5;6}
* Neu a 4 th x > 345.
* Neu a = 1 hoac 2 th vi moi chnh hp chap 2 (b,c) cua E \ {a} ta eu co x = abc < 345. Loai nay
co: 2. A52 = 40 so.
b = 1hoac 2;

c E \ {a,b}

b = 4;

c = 1hoac 2

* Neu a = 3 th x = 3bc < 345

Loai nay co: 2.4 + 1.2 = 10 so.

Vay co tat ca: 40 + 10 = 50 so.
Bi 12: Vi cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s chn c ba ch s khc nhau v khng
ln hn 789?
Li gii:
Ta xet cac trng hp sau:
1. Ch so hang n v la 2, 4, 6 co 3 cach chon ch so hang n v.
a) Ch so hang tram nho hn 7: Khi a chon ch so hang n v, ta con 5 cach chon ch so hang
tram. Sau khi a chon ch so hang n v va hang tram, ta con 7 cach chon ch so hang chuc.
So cac so thu c la: 3.5.7 = 105 so.
b) Ch so hang tram bang 7: Sau khi chon ch so hang n v, ta con 6 cach chon ch so hang
chuc.
So cac so thu c la: 3.6 = 18 so.
2. Ch so hang n v la 8:
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a) Ch so hang tram nho hn 7: co 6 cach chon ch so hang tram. Sau khi a chon ch so hang
tram, ta con 7 cach chon ch so hang chuc.
So cac so thu c la: 6.7 = 42 so.
b) Ch so hang tram bang 7: co 6 cach chon ch so hang chuc.
So cac so thu c la: 6 so.
Vay tat ca co: 105 + 18 + 42 + 6 = 171 so.
Bi 13: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin m mi s c 6 ch s khc nhau v ch
s 2 ng cnh ch s 3.
Li gii:
Ta coi cap (2;3) ch la mot phan t kep, khi o ch co 5 phan t la 0, 1, (2; 3), 4, 5. So hoan v
cua 5 phan t nay la P5, phai loai tr so trng hp phan t 0 v tr au gom P4 trng hp. Chu
y rang oi vi phan t kep, ta co the giao hoan nen so trng hp se c nhan oi. Nen so cac
so t nhien thoa man e bai la: 2(P5 P4) = 192 so.
Bi 14: T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,6 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin m mi s c 6 ch s v tho mn iu
kin: su ch s ca mi s l khc nhau v trong mi s tng ca 3 ch s u nh hn tng ca 3 ch s cui
mt n v.
Li gii:
Coi so t nhien gom 6 ch so khac nhau c chon t tap 6 ch so a cho co dang: a1a2a3a4a5a6
(ai {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; ai aj ) sao cho: a1 + a2 + a3 = a4 + a5 + a6 1
a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a6 = 2(a4 + a5 + a6) 1
21 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5 + 6 = 2(a4 + a5 + a6) 1
(1)
a4 + a5 + a6 = 11 a1 + a2 + a3 = 10
V a1, a2 a3 {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} nen he thc (1) ch co the thoa man trong 3 kha nang sau:
a1, a2, a3 {1; 3; 6}
a1, a2, a3 {1; 4; 5}
a1, a2, a3 {2; 3; 5}
Moi bo so a1, a2, a3 neu tren tao ra 3! hoan v, va moi hoan v o lai c ghep vi 3! hoan v cua
bo so a4, a5, a6 . V vay tong cong so cac so t nhien gom 6 ch so thoa man yeu cau e bai la:
3.3!.3! = 108 so.
Bi 15: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin chn m mi s gm 7 ch s
khc nhau?
Li gii:
Cac so phai lap la chan nen phai co ch so ng cuoi cung la 0 hoac 2, 4, 6, 8.
Trng hp ch so ng cuoi la 0: th 6 ch so con lai la mot chnh hp chap 6 cua 8 phan t.
Do o co A68 so thuoc loai nay.
Trng hp ch so ng cuoi la mot trong cac ch so 2, 4, 6, 8: th 6 ch so con lai la mot chnh
hp chap 6 cua 8 phan t (ke ca so co ch so 0 ng au). Vay so cac so loai nay la: 4. ( A68 A57 ) .
Vay tat ca co: A68 + 4. ( A68 A57 ) = 90720 so.

Bi 16: T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 c th lp c bao nhiu s gm 3 ch s khc nhau v nh hn 245.

Li gii:
Goi so can tm la: x = a1a2a3
V x < 245 nen a1 = 1 hoac a1 = 2
a1 = 1:
x = 1a2a3
a2, a3 la chnh hp chap 2 cua 4 phan t: 2, 3, 4, 5
Co: A24 = 4.3 = 12 so
a1 = 2:

x = 2a2a3

a2 co 2 kha nang:
* a2 < 4 a2 {1, 3} a2 co 2 cach chon, a3 co 3 cach chon trong 3 so con lai Co 2.3 = 6 so
* a2 = 4; a3 5, 2, 4 a3 co 2 cach chon Co 2 so
Co 6 + 2 = 8 so x = 2a2a3
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Vay co tat ca: 12 + 8 = 20 so thoa yeu cau e bai.

Bi 17: T 5 ch s 0, 1, 2, 5, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s l, mi s gm 4 ch s khc nhau.
Li gii:
So can tm co dang: a1a2a3a4 .
Chon a4 t {1, 5, 9} co 3 cach chon.
Chon a1 t {0, 1, 2, 5, 9} \ {0, a4} co 3 cach chon.
Chon a2 t {0, 1, 2, 5, 9} \ {a1, a4} co 3 cach chon.
Chon a3 t {0, 1, 2, 5, 9} \ {a1, a2, a4} co 2 cach chon.
Vay tat ca co: 3.3.3.2 = 54 so thoa man yeu cau e bai.
Bi 18: T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin, mi s gm 6 ch s khc nhau
v tng cc ch s hng chc, hng trm, hng ngn bng 8.
Li gii:
Goi x = a1a2a3a4a5a6 la so can lap.
YCBT: a3 + a4 + a5 = 8 a3, a4, a5 {1, 2, 5} hoac a3, a4, a5 {1, 3, 4}
a) Khi a3, a4, a5 {1, 2, 5}
Co 6 cach chon a1
Co 5 cach chon a2
Co 3! cach chon a3, a4, a5
Co 4 cach chon a6
Co: 6.5.6.4 = 720 so x.
b) Khi a3, a4, a5 {1, 3, 4}, tng t ta cung co 720 so x.
Vay tat ca co: 720 + 720 = 1440 so x.
Bi 19: T cc ch s 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 c th lp c bao nhiu s t nhin, mi s gm 5 ch s khc nhau v
nht thit phi c 2 ch s 1, 5.
Li gii:
Cach 1:
Goi x = a1a2a3a4a5 la so can lap.
Trc tien ta co the xep 1 va 5 vao 2 trong v tr: co A52 = 20 cach.
Sau o, ta co 5 cach chon 1 ch so cho v tr con lai au tien.
4 cach chon 1 ch so cho v tr con lai th hai.
3 cach chon 1 ch so cho v tr con lai th ba.
Vay tat ca co: 20.5.4.3 = 1200 so.
Cach 2:
* Bc 1: Xep 1, 5 vao 2 trong 5 v tr: co A52 = 20 cach.
* Bc 2: co A35 = 60 cach xep 3 trong 5 so con lai vao 3 v tr con lai.
Vay co 20.60 = 1200 so.
Bi 20: C bao nhiu s t nhin gm 5 ch s, trong ch s 0 c mt ng 2 ln, ch s 1 c mt ng 1 ln v
hai ch s cn li phn bit?
Li gii:
Chon 2 v tr xep ch so 0: co C24 cach.
Chon 1 v tr xep ch so 1: co 3 cach.
Chon 2 ch so xep vao 2 v tr con lai: co cach.
Vay tat ca co: C24 .3. A82 = 1008 so thoa yeu cau e bai.

Tham gia trn vn kha LTH v Luyn gii ti Moon.vn t c kt qu cao nht trong k TSH 2014!