BAI THC HANH MATLAB S 1

Nl DUNG: TN HlU S (Rll RAC)

I.1 Tao tn hiu mu n v (xung Dirac) va b!c nha"# n v
l.l.l Chay chng trnh Pl_l tao tn hiu mu n v u(n) va hin
th tn hiu.
l.l.2 Thay i chng trnh Pl_l tao tn hiu mu n v ud(n) b
tr ll mu. Chay chng trnh mi va hin th tn hiu tao ra.
l.l.3 Thay i chng trnh Pl_l tao tn hiu bc nhay n v
s(n) . Chay chng trnh mi va hin th tn hiu tao ra.
l.l.4 Thay i chng trnh Pl_l tao tn hiu bc nhay n v
sd(n) b sm 7 mu. Chay chng trnh mi va hin th tn hiu
tao ra.
1.$ Tao tn hiu ham mu%
l.2.l Chay chng trnh Pl_2 tao tn hiu ham mu phc.
l.2.2 iu g xay ra nu tham s c thay i thanh (l/l2)+(pi/6) i?
l.2.3 Yl ngha cua toan hang r&a' & imag? Cua lnh (ub)'ot?
l.2.4 Chay chng trnh Pl_3 tao tn hiu ham mu thc.
l.2.5 iu g xay ra nu tham s a nho hn l? Chay lai chng trnh
Pl_3 vi a thay i thanh 0.9 va K thanh 20.
l.2.6 Co th s dung lnh sum(s.s) tnh nng lng cua tn hiu
thc s(n) lu di dang mt vector s. Hay tnh nmg lng cua
x(n) tao ra trong l.2.4 va l.2.5.
1.* Tao tn hiu (in
l.3.l Chay chng trnh Pl_4 tao tn hiu sin va hin th no.
l.3.2 Tn s cua tn hiu nay la bao nhiu? No thay i nh th nao?
Tham s nao iu khin pha, tham s nao iu khin bin
cua tn hiu nay? Chu ky cua tn hiu nay la bao nhiu?
l.3.3 Chiu dai cua tn hiu nay la bao nhiu va no thay i nh th
nao?
l.3.4 Tnh cng sut trung bnh cua tn hiu sin tao ra.
l.3.5 Thay i chng trnh Pl_4 tao ra tn hiu sin tn s 0.9 va
hin th no. Sau o, thay i chng trnh Pl_4 tao ra tn
hiu sin tn s l.l va hin th no. So sanh kt qua vi tn hiu
sin tao ra trong l.3.l.
l.3.6 Thay i chng trinh trn tao ra tn hiu sin dai 50, tn s
0.08, bin 2.5, pha 90 va hin th no. Chu ky cua tn hiu
nay la bao nhiu?
1
l.3.7 Thay lnh (t&m bng lnh )'ot va chay lai chng trnh. Tm
im khac nhau gia th ve bng hai lnh nay.
l.3.8 Thay lnh (t&m bng lnh (tair( va chay lai chng trnh. Tm
im khac nhau gia th ve bng ba lnh )'ot+ (t&m va (tair(.
1.,-am mn tn hiu
Mt v du n gian v ng dung cua DSP la loc nhiu t tn hiu
b anh hng bi nhiu. Gia s s(n) b nhiu ngu nhin d(n) tac
ng, tao thanh tn hiu x(n) = s(n) + d(n). T x(n), ta phai tao y(n) gn
ging vi s(n) nht. Mt phng phap n gian la tao mu ra bng
cach ly trung bnh cac mu vao xung quanh thi im n. V du, thut
toan ly mu trung bnh 3 im nh sau:
y(n) = l/3 [x(n-l)+x(n)+x(n+l)]
l.4.l Chay chng trnh Pl_5 va tao ra cac tn hiu thch hp
l.4.2 Dang cua tn hiu khng b nhiu s(n) la g? Dang cua nhiu
cng la g?
l.4.3 Co th dung cu lnh x = s + d tao ra tn hiu b nhiu
c khng? Nu khng, tai sao?
l.4.4 Mi quan h gia cac tn hiu xl, x2, x3 va x?
l.4.5 Muc ch cua lnh '&g&n.?
1./ Tao tn hiu )h!c ta)
Nhiu tn hiu phc tap co th c tao ra t cac phep toan c
ban trn tn hiu n gian. V du nh, tn hiu iu ch bin co
th tao ra bng cach iu ch mt song sin tn s cao (goi la song
mang)
) n cos( ) n ( x
H H
=
vi mt tn hiu tn s thp
) n cos( ) n ( x
L L
=
.
Tn hiu kt qua y(n) co dang:
) n cos( )] n cos( . m 1 [ A ) n ( x )] n ( x . m 1 [ A ) n ( y
H L H L
+ = + =
y m goi la su iu ch, la mt s c chon sao cho [ l +
m.xL (n) ] dng vi moi n.
l.5.l Chay chng trnh Pl_6 va tao tn hiu iu bin y(n) vi cac gia
tr khac nhau cua tn s song mang va tn hiu x(n), va cac gia
tr khac nhau cua m
l.5.2 im khac nhau cua phep toan va .
BAI THC HANH MATLAB S 2
Nl DUNG: H THNG TUYN TNH BAT BlN
(LTl)
2
$.1 Tnh a!) !ng xung cu"a h -TI
m phong h LTl co quan h vao - ra m ta bng phng trnh sai
phn tuyn tnh h s hng:

= =
=
N
0 k
M
0 r
r k
) r n ( x b ) k n ( y a
ta co th dung lnh Matlab y = filter (num, en, !" tao vector ra y
cung chiu dai vi vector vao x vi iu kin u bng 0. l y:
num = # $
%
$
1
&&& $
M
' va( en = # )
%
)
1
&&& )
N
'
Co th dung lnh y = filter (num, en, !, i*" vi i* = # y(1", y(2", &&&, y(+N" '
la vector iu kin u
Lnh Matlab y = im,- (num, en, N" co th dung tnh N mu u tin
cua ap ng xung cua h LTl.
2.l.l Chay chng trnh P2_5 va tao ap ng xung cua h thng
2.l.2 Thay i chng trnh P2_5 tao ra 45 mu u tin cua ap
ng xung cua h LTl nhn qua sau:
) 3 n ( x 002 . 0 ) 2 n ( x 35 . 0 ) 1 n ( x 45 . 0 ) n ( x 9 . 0
) 3 n ( y 62 . 0 ) 2 n ( y 46 . 0 ) 1 n ( y 71 . 0 ) n ( y
+ + =
+
2.l.3 Vit chng trnh Matlab tao ra ap ng xung cua h LTl nhn
qua trn y bng cach s dung lnh filter. tnh va ve 40 mu
u tin. So sanh kt qua vi kt qua at c trong cu 2.l.2.
$.$ 012i t3ng ca!c h -TI
Trong thc t, mt h LTl nhn qua bc cao c thc hin di
dang ghep tng cac h LTl nhn qua co bc thp hn. V du nh, h
bc 4 sau:
) 4 n ( x 12 . 0 ) 3 n ( x 26 . 0 ) 2 n ( x 27 . 0 ) 1 n ( x 19 . 0 ) n ( x 06 . 0
) 4 n ( y 68 . 0 ) 3 n ( y 325 . 1 ) 2 n ( y 28 . 2 ) 1 n ( y 6 . 1 ) n ( y
+ + =
+ + + +
co th thc hin di dang hai h bc 2 sau:
) 2 n ( x 4 . 0 ) 1 n ( x 3 . 0 ) n ( x 3 . 0 ) 2 n ( y 8 . 0 ) 1 n ( y 9 . 0 ) n ( y
1 1 1
+ = + +
(H/0 1"
va
) 2 n ( y 3 . 0 ) 1 n ( y 5 . 0 ) n ( y 2 . 0 ) 2 n ( y 85 . 0 ) 1 n ( y 7 . 0 ) n ( y
1 1 1 2 2 2
+ = + +
(H/0 2"
Chng trnh Matlab P2_6 m phong trng hp trn. u tin, no tao
x(n), ri s dung x(n) lam u vao cua h bc 4 tao ra y(n). Sau
o, a cung x(n) vao h l, tm u ra cua h l la yl(n). Tip n,
s dung yl(n) lam u vao cua h 2, ri tm u ra cua h 2 la y2(n).
Cui cung, tm s sai khac gia hai tn hiu ra y(n) va y2(n). Sau o ve
tn hiu ra va tn hiu sai khac.
3
2.2.l Chay chng trnh P2_6 tao ra tn hiu y(n) va y2(n) va tn
hiu sai khac d(n). y(n) co ging y2(n) khng?
2.2.2 Lp lai cu hoi trn vi tn hiu vao thay i thanh dang sin.
2.2.3 Thay i chng trnh P2_6 lp lai cung thu tuc khi hai h
bc hai ao ngc th t va vi iu kin u bng 0. Co
im nao khac nhau gia hai tn hiu ra?
2.2.4 Lp lai cu hoi 2.2.3 vi vector iu kin u khac khng la ic, icl
va ic2
$.* T14ng ch)
Trong Matlab, phep tnh chp c thc hin bng lnh *1n2, hai day
a vao ly tng chp co chiu dai hu han. V du, tn hiu ra
cua mt h FlR co th tnh bng cach chp ap ng xung vi mt
day vao cho trc co chiu dai hu han. Chng trnh P2_7 minh hoa
phng phap nay.
2.3.l Chay chng trnh P2_7 tao ra tn hiu y(n) bng cach chp
h(n) vi x(n), va tao ra yl(n) bng cach loc tn hiu vao x(n) bng
b loc FlR h(n). Tn hiu y(n) va yl(n) co khac nhau khng? Tai
sao phai thm cac s 0 vao tn hiu x(n) thanh xl(n) lam u
vao tao ra yl(n)?
2.3.2 Thay i chng trnh P2_7 tnh chp tn hiu dai l5 la h(n)
vi tn hiu dai l0 la x(n), lp lai cu hoi 2.3.l. T cho gia tr
cac mu cua h(n) va x(n).
$., Tnh 14n nh cu"a h -TI
H LTl n nh khi va ch khi co th ly tng cac tr tuyt i cua
cac mu cua ap ng xung. T o suy ra, iu kin cn h llR
n nh la ap ng xung suy giam v 0 khi n ln dn. Chng trnh
P2_8 la mt chng trnh n gian dung tnh tng cac tr tuyt i
cua cac mu cua ap ng xung cua mt h llR nhn qua.
Chng trnh thc hin tnh tng

=
=

0 n
) n ( ! ) ( " vi K tng dn, va
kim tra gia tr cua
) ( !
sau mi bc. Nu
) ( !
nho hn l0
-6
th
ta co th kt lun la tng S(K) hi tu va rt gn vi
) ( "
.
2.4.l Muc ch cua lnh f1r va( en?
2.4.2 Muc ch cua lnh $re)3?
2.4.3 Tm h (phng trnh sai phn) xac nh trong chng trnh P2_8.
Chay chng trnh P2_8 d tao ra ap ng xung. H co n
nh khng? Nu
) ( !
khng nho hn l0
-6
nhng th ch ra
ap ng xung giam dn, hay chay lai chng trnh P2_8 vi gia
tr N ln hn.
2.4.4 Cho h nhn qua sau:
4
) 2 n ( y ) 1 n ( y 7 . 1 ) 2 n ( x 3 ) 1 n ( x 4 ) n ( x ) n ( y + + =
Thay i chng trnh P2_8 tnh va ve ap ng xung cua h trn.
H trn co n nh khng?
$./ -o5c
Cho hai h nhn qua sau:
H/0 14
) 2 n ( x 77 . 0 ) 1 n ( x 27 . 0 ) n ( x 5 . 0 ) n ( y + + =
H/0 24
) 2 n ( y 46 . 0 ) 1 n ( y 53 . 0 ) 2 n ( x 45 . 0 ) 1 n ( x 5 . 0 ) n ( x 45 . 0 ) n ( y + + + =
Chng trnh P2_9 dung tnh u ra cua hai h trn vi cung u
vao la:
299 n 0 #
256
n 200
cos
256
n 20
cos ) n ( x <

=
2.5.l Chay chng trnh P2_9.
2.5.2 Ca hai b loc y u la LPF nhng suy hao trong dai chn
khac nhau, c bit tai cac tn s cua tn hiu vao. B loc
nao nen tn s cao cua tn hiu vao x(n) tt hn?
BAI THC HANH MATLAB S 5
Nl DUNG: TN HlU S (Rll RAC) TRONG
MlN TAN S
*.1 Tnh bi2n 14i 6ouri&r (6T)
Bin i Fourier cua mt tn hiu s (ri rac) x(n) la mt ham lin
tuc theo . V d liu trong Matlab dang vector nn ) $ ( %
&
ch c
tnh tai cac im ch nh cua tn s ri rac. Hn na, ch tnh
c FT biu din di dang ham ty s theo
&
$ nh sau:
5
N &
N
2 &
2
&
1 0
M &
M
2 &
2
&
1 0
&
$ a ... $ a $ a a
$ b ... $ b $ b b
) $ ( %

+ + + +
+ + + +
=
tnh ) $ ( %
&
dang nay tai L im tn s ri rac
'
=
, ta s
dung ham fre6-. V ) $ ( %
&
la mt ham lin tuc theo nn cn chon L
cang ln cang tt, th cua FT (ve bng lnh ,l1t) c chnh
xac.
Trong Matlab, ham fre6- tnh DFT - L im cua cac day
( b ... b b b )
M 2 1 0

va
( a ... a a a )
N 2 1 0
, ri thanh lp ty s tai L #...# 2 # 1 ' # ) $ ( %
'
&
=

.
tnh nhanh hn, nn chon L la luy tha cua 2, v du nh 256 hoc 5l2.
Chng trnh P3_l co th s dung tnh va ve FT theo dang trn.
3.l.l Giai thch cach tnh FT bng chng trnh P3_l. Chc nng cua
lnh ,)u7e&
3.l.2 Chay chng trnh P3_l tnh phn thc, phn ao cua FT.
ap ng bin va pha co phai la mt ham tun hoan theo
khng? Nu phai, chu ky la bao nhiu? Giai thch tnh i xng
cua ap ng tn s trn th.
3.l.3 Thay i chng trnh P3_l anh gia FT (trong dai 2 0 )
sau:

+ +
+ +
=
3 & 2 & &
3 & 2 & &
&
$ 7 . 0 $ 5 . 0 $ 3 . 0 1
$ $ 3 . 0 $ 5 . 0 7 . 0
) $ ( *
Lp lai cu hoi 3.l.2. Giai thch bc nhay trong ph pha. Co th loai
bo bc nhay bng lnh un8r),. anh gia ph pha a c loai bo
bc nhay.
3.l.4 Thay i chng trnh P3_l anh gia FT (trong dai 2 0 )
cua tn hiu dai hu han sau:
{ } 17 # 15 # 13 # 11 # 9 # 7 # 5 # 3 # 1 ) n ( +

=
Lp lai cu hoi 3.l.2. Giai thch bc nhay trong ph pha.
3.l.5 Thay i chng trnh P3_l ve ph pha theo .
*.$ Tnh ch2t cu"a 6T
Co th kim tra hu ht cac tnh cht cua FT bng cach s dung
Matlab. Trong phn nay, chung ta se kim tra cac tnh cht nh dch
chuyn thi gian, dch chuyn tn s, tnh cht chp, tnh cht iu
ch, tnh cht ao thi gian.
Chng trnh P3_2 dung kim tra tnh cht dch chuyn thi gian
cua !"
6
3.2.l B sung vao chng trnh P3_2 cac lnh gan nhan cho cac truc.
Thm cac li giai thch phu hp. Tham s nao iu khin gia tr
cua khoang dch thi gian?
3.2.2 Chay chng trnh P3_2 va nhn xet kt qua.
3.2.3 Lp lai cu 3.2.2 vi mt gia tr dch thi gian khac.
3.2.4 Lp lai cu 3.2.2 vi hai day khac co chiu dai khac nhau va hai
gia tr dch thi gian khac.
Chng trnh P3_3 dung kim tra tnh cht dch chuyn t#n $%
cua !"
3.2.5 B sung vao chng trnh P3_3 cac lnh gan nhan cho cac truc.
Thm cac li giai thch phu hp. Tham s nao iu khin gia tr
cua khoang dch tn s?
3.2.6 Chay chng trnh P3_3 va nhn xet kt qua.
3.2.7 Lp lai cu 3.2.6 vi mt gia tr dch tn s khac.
3.2.8 Lp lai cu 3.2.6 vi hai day khac co chiu dai khac nhau va hai
gia tr dch tn s khac.
Chng trnh P3_& dung kim tra tnh cht ch'( cua !"
3.2.9 B sung vao chng trnh P3_4 cac lnh gan nhan cho cac truc.
Thm cac li giai thch phu hp.
3.2.l0 Chay chng trnh P3_4 va nhn xet kt qua.
3.2.ll Lp lai cu 3.2.l0 vi mt gia tr dch tn s khac.
3.2.l2 Lp lai cu 3.2.l0 vi tp hai day khac co chiu dai khac nhau.
Chng trnh P3_) dung kim tra tnh cht i#u ch cua !"
3.2.l3 B sung vao chng trnh P3_5 cac lnh gan nhan cho cac truc.
Thm cac li giai thch phu hp.
3.2.l4 Chay chng trnh P3_5 va nhn xet kt qua.
3.2.l5 Lp lai cu 3.2.l4 vi tp hai day khac co chiu dai khac nhau.
Chng trnh P3_* dung kim tra tnh cht a+ thi gian cua !"
3.2.l6 B sung vao chng trnh P3_6 cac lnh gan nhan cho cac truc.
Thm cac li giai thch phu hp. Chng trnh thc hin cng
vic ao thi gian nh th nao?
3.2.l7 Chay chng trnh P3_6 va nhn xet kt qua.
3.2.l8 Lp lai cu 3.2.l7 vi hai day khac co chiu dai khac nhau.
*.* Tnh bi2n 14i 6ouri&r ri rac (D6T)
Trong Matlab, co th d dang tnh c DFT X(k) cua mt tn hiu dai
hu han x(n) bng cach s dung ham fft. Co hai version cho ham nay:
7
fft(!" tnh DFT X(k) cua day x(n) vi chiu dai cua X(k) bng chiu dai
cua x(n).
fft(!,L" tnh DFT - L im cua day x(n) chiu dai N vi N L . Nu
L>N, trc khi tnh DFT, b sung L-N mu bng 0 vao ui cua x(n).
DFT ngc (lDFT) co th tnh tng t, s dung ham ifft, cung co hai
version.
3.3.l Vit chng trnh Matlab tnh va ve DFT - L im X(k) cua day
x(n) chiu dai N vi N L , sau o tnh va ve lDFT cua X(k). Chay
chng trnh vi cac day x(n) co chiu dai N khac nhau va vi cac
gia tr khac nhau cua DFT.
*., Tnh bi2n 14i 7 (7T)
Lam lai cac bai tp trong ly thuyt
*./ 8h&!) bi2n 14i 7 ng5c (I7T)
Lam lai cac bai tp trong ly thuyt
*.9 :a!c tnh ch2t cu"a 7T
Lam lai cac bai tp trong ly thuyt
BAI THC HANH MATLAB S 9
Nl DUNG: H THNG LTl TRONG MlN TAN
S
,.1;am tru#3n at va a!) !ng t3n (12
ap ng tn s cua mt h LTl m ta bi phng trnh sai phn tuyn
tnh h s hng co dang nh sau:
N &
N
2 &
2
&
1 0
M &
M
2 &
2
&
1 0
$ a ... $ a $ a a
$ b ... $ b $ b b
) ( H


+ + + +
+ + + +
=
Co th d dang tnh ap ng nay tai mt tp cac im tn s ri
rac s dung lnh fre6-. Ta co th s dung chng trnh P3_l cho
muc ch nay.
4.l.l Thay i chng trnh P3_l tnh va ve ap ng bin va
pha cua b loc trung bnh

=
=
1 M
0 k
) k n ( x
M
1
) n ( y vi ba gia tr khac
8
nhau cua chiu dai M va 2 0 . Xem xet tnh i xng thng
qua ap ng bin va ap ng pha. B loc trn thuc loai g?
4.l.2 S dung chng trnh P3_l thay i, hay tnh va ve ap ng
tn s cua b loc LTl nhn qua co ham truyn at sau:

+

2 0
, 7 . 0 , 5 . 0 1
) , 1 ( 15 . 0
) , ( H
2 1
2
B loc trn thuc loai g?
4.l.3 Lp lai cu hoi 4.l.2 cho ham truyn at sau:

+

2 0
, , 5 . 0 7 . 0
) , 1 ( 15 . 0
) , ( -
2 1
2
im khac nhau gia hai b loc trong cu 4.l.2 va 4.l.3? Nn
chon b loc nao loc? V sao?
Mt s ng dung yu cu tr nhom cua h thng xp x la hng
s trong bng tn cua tn hiu am bao cac thanh phn tn s
cua tn hiu i qua h thng vi cung thi gian tr. Co th tnh nhanh
tr nhom cua mt ham truyn bng ham :r,el)y.
4.l.4 S dung Matlab tnh va ve tr nhom cua mt h LTl nhn qua
co ham truyn at sau:
3 2 1
3 2 1
, 222 . 0 , 04 . 1 , 3 . 1 1
, , 2 . 1 ,
) , ( H


+
+
= , vi 0
Ham im,- co th s dung tnh phn u cua ap ng xung cua
mt h LTl nhn qua.
4.l.4 Tnh va ve l00 mu u tin cua ap ng xung cua hai b loc
trong cu 4.l.2 va 4.l.3.
,.$<i4m tra tnh 14n nh cu"a h th12ng
Tnh n nh cua mt b loc llR nhn qua la mt yu cu thit k
quan trong. Mt b loc llR nhn qua n nh nu tt ca cac im
cc cua ham truyn at u nm bn trong ng tron n v. Co
th s dung ham Matlab -,l)ne kim tra v tr cua cac im cc
cua ham truyn at cua h llR.
4.2.l S dung Matlab biu din trn mt phng z cac im cc
- khng cua hai ham truyn at nhn qua sau y:
2 1
1
, 85 . 0 , 848 . 1 1
1
) , ( H

+
=
2 1
2
, 85 . 0 , 851 . 1 1
1
) , ( H

+
=
4.2.2 Cac h trn co n nh khng? V sao?
9
BAI THC HANH MATLAB S ;
Nl DUNG: B LOC S
/.1Thc hin b15 'o5c 6I=
Ham truyn at cua b loc FlR nhn qua bc M la:

=

= =
M
0 r
r
r
M
0 n
n
, b , ) n ( ! ) , ( H
T ham truyn at trn, ta co th phn tch thanh dang tch sau:

+ + =
k
2
k 2
1
k 1
) , , 1 ( ) 0 ( ! ) , ( H
tng ng vi cach mc ni tip (dang tng). Chng trnh P6_l
s dung ham -,2717 thc hin vic phn tch trn.
5.l.l S dung chng trnh P6_l thc hin h FlR nhn qua sau
dang tng:
6 5 4 3 2 1
1
, 4 , 16 , 31 , 34 , 23 , 10 2 ) , ( H

+ + + + + + =
Ve s cu truc dang tng. H nay co pha tuyn tnh khng?
5.l.2 S dung chng trnh P6_l thc hin h FlR nhn qua sau
dang tng:
6 5 4 3 2 1
2
, 6 , 31 , 74 , 102 , 74 , 31 6 ) , ( H

+ + + + + + =
Ve s cu truc dang tng. H nay co pha tuyn tnh khng?
/.$Thc hin b15 'o5c II=
10
Ham truyn at cua b loc llR nhn qua bc N la:

+
=
N
1 k
k
k
N
0 r
r
r
, a 1
, b
) , ( H
T ham truyn at trn, ta co th phn tch thanh dang tch sau:

+ +
+ +
=


k
2
k 2
1
k 1
2
k 2
1
k 1
0
, , 1
, , 1
. ) , ( H
tng ng vi cach mc ni tip (dang tng). Co th s dung
chng trnh P6_l thc hin vic phn tch trn.
5.2.l S dung chng trnh P6_l thc hin h llR nhn qua sau
dang tng:
5 4 3 2 1
5 4 3 2 1
, , 5 , 14 , 24 , 24 16
, 2 , 2 , 7 , 12 , 8 3
) , ( H


+ + + + +
+ + + +
= ()
Ve s cu truc dang tng.
5.2.2 S dung chng trnh P6_l thc hin h llR nhn qua sau
dang tng:
6 5 4 3 2 1
6 5 4 3 2 1
, , 7 , 26 , 59 , 87 , 78 36
, 4 , 16 , 31 , 34 , 23 , 10 2
) , ( H


+ + + + + +
+ + + + + +
= ( )
Ve s cu truc dang tng.
T ham truyn at trn, ta cung co th phn tch thanh dang tch cua
cac ham truyn bc <= 2 dang l hay dang ll, tng ng vi cach
mc song song.
Dang l:

+ +
+
+ =

k
2
k 2
1
k 1
1
k 1 k 0
0
, , 1
,
) , ( H
Dang ll:

+ +
+
+ =


k
2
k 2
1
k 1
2
k 2
1
k 1
0
, , 1
, ,
) , ( H
Chng trnh P6_2 s dung ham re7iue- thc hin phn tch
dang l va s dung ham residue thc hin phn tch dang ll .
5.2.3 S dung chng trnh P6_2 thc hin h llR nhn qua ()
dang song song dang l va ll. Ve s cu truc ca dang l va ll
11
5.2.4 S dung chng trnh P6_2 thc hin h llR nhn qua ( )
dang song song dang l va ll. Ve s cu truc ca dang l va
ll
/.*Thi2t >2 b15 'o5c .ch chu#4n trung b?nh
Lam lai bai tp trong phn ly thuyt
/.,Thi2t >2 b15 'o5c 6I= )ha tu#2n tnh (" .ung )hng )ha!) c"a
(14
Lam lai cac bai tp trong phn ly thuyt
BAI THC HANH S <
Nl DUNG: LOC NHlU
<&1 =i>?i t@i/0u ASB <C11 (ASD St)rter Bit *uE) Te!)7
In7trument7"
DSK 67ll cua Texas lnstruments (Tl) co th lp trnh bng ngn ng C
hoc assembly. Hu ht cac nha lp trnh u nhn thy dung C
thun tin hn. Thm vao o, cu truc song song co th thc hin
nhiu lnh cung luc, hu nh khng th lp trnh bng assembly nu
khng co phn mm tr giup. Tuy nhin, cac phn cht che nht cua
mt chng trnh phai chay rt nhanh hoc s dung mt lng rt
t b nh, co th vn yu cu ngn ng assembly.
B x ly trn board DSP la mt b x ly tn hiu s TMS320C67ll.
DSP nay lin lac vi bn ngoai thng qua b chuyn i A/D - D/A
AD535. Co th lp trnh cho b x ly s dung mt mi trng phn
mm goi la CCS (Code Composer Studio). Mt ng dung c phat
trin goi la mt project. Project khng ch bao gm chng trnh C ma
con cac thng tin khac (v du, cac nh ngha, cac file th vin, cac ham
chun) cn cho vic thc hin c chnh xac.
<&2 L1F* n@i/Gu
Loc nhiu ra khoi tn hiu la mt ng dung thc t quan trong.
Trong bai tp nay, tuy ta tao ra nhiu (bit trc cac c tnh cua
nhiu), nhng vic loai bo cac nhiu xut hin t nhin trong thc
t cung theo cung cach thc.
Nhiu trng la nhiu co cng bng nhau tai moi tn s. Co
th tao ra nhiu trng bng cach dung cac con s ngu nhin. Khi
c loc, nhiu trng tr thanh nhiu mau (pink noise). Trong chng
trnh nay, s dung mt b loc FlR vi cac h s NH. Nhiu mau
cng vao tn hiu vao tao thanh tn hiu b nhiu ma ta co th nghe
c. Ta a tn hiu b nhiu nay vao b loc FlR do ta thit k (vi
12
N h s) loai nhiu trng cang nhiu cang tt trong khi gi cho
tn hiu cang t b anh hng cang tt.
<&5 B/n tr1n: file filtn1i7e&*
m)in fun*ti1n
set mang NH phn t v 0
set mang N phn t v 0
khi tao phn cng
cung cp mt vong lp v han (se b ngt bi interupt service
routine)
,rn fun*ti1n
Ham nay tao ra mt s ngu nhin co dang short integer
C)?* HIn@ n:@J) 2)( 3@)i $)?1
File "nfilter.cof" la mt file text. No bao gm mt khai bao C cho
mang s thc hay s thp phn biu din cac h s cua loc FlR.
Loc FlR nay loc c nhiu trng tao ra nhiu mau..
File "filter.cof" la mt file text tng t gm cac h s cua loc
FlR ma ta thit k. Khi m project ln u tin, "filter.cof" la b loc vi
mt h s n bng l, noi cach khac, la mt b loc cho tn hiu ra
bng chnh xac tn hiu vao. Ta se phai thay i gia tr N, cung nh
cac gia tr trong h[N].
Cui cung, hai mang c khai bao: mang nhiu co NH phn
t va lu tr cac gia tr nhiu cu, va mang d liu co N phn t va
lu tr cac ga tr d liu cu.
Interru,t 7er2i*e r1utine
lnterrupt service routine la ni din ra hu ht cac hoat ng
trong chng trnh. Nhom lnh nay (thc hin mt ln mi khi co
mu n) thc hin mt b loc FlR Ta cn phai hiu no lam vic
nh th nao, bi v ta cn phai add cac ma tng t vao vao interrupt
service routine khi thc hin loc nhiu.
Ta se thm mt s dong vao ma cua interrupt service routine
chu thch
// your code goes here (va thay i dong k tip)
Ma se thc hin mt b loc FlR tng t nh a m ta trn
y. Tuy nhin co nhng im khac, nh:
/ ,% h' $% kha-c ./ thay ch+ /01
13
/ Ca-c h' $% 2+3c kha-c4 5a 2u tr+ng 6i27 kha-c .6i2t7r"c+6 thay ch+
n6i2t7r"c+61
/ , du'ng #u 5a+ kha-c .ca-c m8u tn hi'u 9 nhi8u 2u tr+ng
mang d: 2i'u thay ch+ ca-c m8u nhi8u n gian 2u tr+ng mang
nhi8u1
Trong b loc, data[0] (u vao tn hiu b nhiu hin tai) ong
vai tro ging nh noise[0] trong b loc nhiu. Khi vong lp loc FlR kt
thuc, nh phai gi ra u ra mi (co th dung lai yn nu mun) ch
khng phai data[0]. Noi cach khac, nu khng thay i dong
output_sample(data[0])
th ta vn tip tuc gi ra tn hiu b nhiu, ngha la, gi ra tn hiu b
nhiu trc khi loc.
<&9 B)(i tK0,
<&9&1 L)?* HIn@ HM0* tNn@ *uE) n@i/Gu
Copy folder "filtnoise" vao th muc "ti\myprojects"
Folder gm mt project goi la "filtnoise.pjt". M project nay.
Xem ma ngun se thy: nhiu c cng vao d liu i t cng
ni tip (microphone) dung ham "input_sample" va gi ra cng ni tip
(speaker) dung ham "output_sample".
Kt ni mt microphone va mt speaker n board C67ll DSK. Chon
"Rebuilt all" t menu "project", hay click vao biu tng mui tn o bn
trai. Chon "File-Load Program" va load "filtnoise.out" vao C67ll. Click biu
tng "Run". Ta se nghe nhiu, cung vi tn hiu ting noi a vao.
Muc ch cua ta la loc nhiu tt nht, trong khi gi tn hiu khng b
anh hng.
Thao u vao microphone. Nu co may phn tch ph, se thy nhiu
xut hin gia 0 kHz va l kHz.
quan sat nhiu trc khi loc, tam thay i dong:
output_sample(data[0]) thanh output_sample(noise[0]).
Xy dng lai project, reload cac file va chay lai chng trnh. Nu co
may phn tch ph, se thy nhiu chim dai tn t 0 kHz n 4 kHz.
Tra lai project nh cu.
<&9&2 T@i/Ot 3/O l1F* PIQ u(n: M)tl)$
loc nhiu sao cho nhiu anh hng cua nhiu n tn hiu mong
mun cang t cang tt, y ta dung loc thng thp. Matlab co th
giup ta thit k b loc FlR mt cach d dang. Cac ca s co sn
bao gm: bartlett, blackman, boxcar, hamming, hanning... Vi bai tp nay, ta
nn dung hanning, hamming or blackman.
14
Ham Matlab "firl" tnh toan cac h s cua mt b loc FlR bc N. Lu
y rng s N cp cho ham "firl" t hn l so vi s h s cua b loc.
oc "help firl" bit cach thc hin mt b loc FlR vi ca s
mong mun. Ta phai cp thm cac thng tin nh bc, tn s ct, kiu
b loc va loai ca s s dung ( ngh xem lai ly thuyt thit k
b loc FlR bng phng phap ca s).
chun b cac h s cua b loc cho DSK 67ll, ta s dung file .m
tn la coeffs.m. Chay "coeffs" trong Matlab se tao ra mt file text trnh bay
cac h s di dang mang. Sau nay, ta se copy file nay vao th muc
filtnoise.
<&9&5 L1F* n@i/Gu
Cac h s cua b loc nhiu c oc t file "nfilter.cof". Trong o co
NH h s, c nh ngha u file. Khng cn phai thay i cac
h s nay. Ta cung co th s dung mt b loc khac loc nhiu.
B loc mi nay co N h s, trong file "filter.cof". Vic u tin la thay
i ma "filtnoise.c" loc tn hiu b nhiu. Khi ta xy dng lai, reload
va chay lai chng trnh vi ma ghep thm vao, tip tuc nghe tn hiu
b nhiu, v "filter.cof" tai mt thi im ch cha mt h s n
(bng l), ngha la tn hiu b nhiu khng c loc g ca va cho
thng ra u ra.
Copy file text "filter.cof" t th muc Matlab n th muc "filtnoise". Khi tr
v CCS, ta se c hoi la co mun reload "filter.cof" khng (v no a
thay i)
Xy dng lai project, reload va chay lai. Nu b loc c thit k
tt, ta se nghe mt ting noi "sach hn". Lu y rng ting noi ra nghe
co ve "trm hn". o la kt qua cua vic s dung b loc thng thp.
Nu vn con nghe nhiu u ra, ta co th thay i cac c trng
cua b loc va lp lai bai tp.
15