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    Oriental Background

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    Dafydd Humphreys
    The Islamic authorities highly valued medicine and established hospitals in major cities like Baghdad by the 9th century. Doctors were required to pass medical examinations to practice. While early Arab medicine believed disease was caused by evil spirits, reading the works of Hippocrates and Galen led to adoption of theories like the Four Humors. Scholars like Rhazes observed patients closely and were the first to distinguish between smallpox and measles. The Canon of Medicine by Avicenna further developed Galen's ideas and was used for centuries. Surgeons like Albucasis established standards of planning surgeries and avoiding unnecessary operations. Anatomy advances were limited as Islamic law prevented body dissection, though Ibn

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    Oriental Background

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    The Islamic authorities highly valued medicine and established hospitals in major cities like Baghdad by the 9th century. Doctors were required to pass medical examinations to practice. While early Arab medicine believed disease was caused by evil spirits, reading the works of Hippocrates and Galen led to adoption of theories like the Four Humors. Scholars like Rhazes observed patients closely and were the first to distinguish between smallpox and measles. The Canon of Medicine by Avicenna further developed Galen's ideas and was used for centuries. Surgeons like Albucasis established standards of planning surgeries and avoiding unnecessary operations. Anatomy advances were limited as Islamic law prevented body dissection, though Ibn

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    The Islamic authorities highly valued medicine and established hospitals in major cities like Baghdad by the 9th century. Doctors were required to pass medical examinations to practice. While early Arab medicine believed disease was caused by evil spirits, reading the works of Hippocrates and Galen led to adoption of theories like the Four Humors. Scholars like Rhazes observed patients closely and were the first to distinguish between smallpox and measles. The Canon of Medicine by Avicenna further developed Galen's ideas and was used for centuries. Surgeons like Albucasis established standards of planning surgeries and avoiding unnecessary operations. Anatomy advances were limited as Islamic law prevented body dissection, though Ibn

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    Oriental Background

    Uploaded by

    Dafydd Humphreys
    The Islamic authorities highly valued medicine and established hospitals in major cities like Baghdad by the 9th century. Doctors were required to pass medical examinations to practice. While early Arab medicine believed disease was caused by evil spirits, reading the works of Hippocrates and Galen led to adoption of theories like the Four Humors. Scholars like Rhazes observed patients closely and were the first to distinguish between smallpox and measles. The Canon of Medicine by Avicenna further developed Galen's ideas and was used for centuries. Surgeons like Albucasis established standards of planning surgeries and avoiding unnecessary operations. Anatomy advances were limited as Islamic law prevented body dissection, though Ibn

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    GCSE HISTORY: Medicine Through Time

    Oriental and Islamic Medicine Background Information


    By Mr Moorhouse. Resource from www.SchoolHistory.co.uk and www.SchoolsHistory.org.uk

    Organisation of medicine

    The Islamic Authorities placed a lot of value in medicine. Baghdad had


    a hospital by AD 850 and doctors had to pass medical examinations by
    AD 931 in order to practice. Hospitals were later developed throughout
    the Islamic world, with the most famous being those in Damascus and
    Cairo.

    Causes of Disease

    At the time of Muhammad people in Arabia believed that evil spirits


    caused diseases. Through reading the works of Hippocrates and Galen
    they realised that this was not the case and adopted many of the
    theories suggested by these men such as the theory of the Four
    Humours.

    Developments of Galen and Hippocrates theories

    Rhazes said that it was vitally important to observe patients and make
    notes of all minor details. He was the first man to observe and record
    the differences between smallpox and measles.

    Avicenna wrote the Canon of medicine (still used as a reference book


    today). This developed some of Galen’s ideas and was used with
    aspiring doctors in both Arabia and later in the West.

    Surgery

    Albucasis said that surgeons should only perform surgery when they
    were sure of the cause of the pain. He was also insistant that the
    surgeons should plan what they intended to do prior to surgery. He also
    emphasised the need to ignore personal gain (surgeons could
    become very wealthy from performing pointless operations).

    Anatomy

    Islamic law prevented the dissection of bodies. Only Ibn an-Nafis made
    any real progress, stating that Galen was wrong to say that blood did
    not pass through the Septum.

    Chemistry

    Arabian doctors and chemists invented distillation and sublimation.


    They also developed the use of drugs such as senna, musk and
    camphor.
    Laisterdyke High School History Department

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