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BÀI TẬP CHƯƠNG CẤU TẠO NGHUYÊN TỬ
BÀI TẬP CHƯƠNG CẤU TẠO NGHUYÊN TỬ
BÀI TẬP CHƯƠNG CẤU TẠO NGHUYÊN TỬ
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
25
9. Nhn nh 2 k hiu 12
X v 25
11Y . Cu tr li no ng trong cc cu tr li sau:
A. X v Y cng thuc v mt nguyn t ha hc
B. X v Y l cc nguyn t ca 2 cht ng v
C. C.X v Y cng c 25 electron
D. Ht nhn ca X v Y cng c 25 ht (proton v ntron)
E. C B v C
10.Nguyn t Oxi c 3 ng v 168 O , 178 O , 18
8 O . Vy:
A. Tng s ht nhn Nucleon (proton v ntron) ca chng ln lt l 16, 17, 18
B. S ntron ca chng ln lt l 8, 9, 10
C. S khi ca chng ln lt l 16, 17, 18
D. C A, B, C u ng
E. C A, B, C, D u sai
11.Nguyn t Hir (khng k ng v) l nguyn t n gin nht, n gm c:
A. Mt proton v mt electron
C.Mt ntron v mt electron
B. Hai proton v mt electron
D.Mt proton, mt ntron v mt electron
12.Cc ng v c:
A. Cng s khi A
B. Cng s hiu nguyn t Z
C. Cng chim cc khc nhau trong bng HTTH
D. Cng s ntron
13.Hai nguyn t ng v c:
A. Cng khi lng
B. Cng s electron
C. Cng s proton
D. Cng tnh cht ha hc
E. Cng s ntron
14.Pht biu no sau y sai:
A. S hiu nguyn t bng in tch ht nhn nguyn t
B. S proton trong nguyn t bng s ntron
C. X c 7e lp ngoi cng
D. X l phi kim
31.S e ti a trong cc lp K, L, M, N ln lt l :
A. 2,4,6,8
B. 2,10,18,26
C. 2,8,14,20
D. 2,8,18,32
32.3 nguyn t X, Y, Z c s hiu nguyn t ln lt l: 17; 18; 19; X; Y, Z c th l:
A. Phi kim, phi kim, kim loi.
B. Phi kim, kim loi, phi kim.
C. Kim loi, kh him, phi kim.
D. Phi kim, kh him, kim loi
33.Nguyn t Canxi c 20e, 20 prton v 20 ntron. K hiu nguyn t ca Canxi l:
60
20
40
40
A. 20 Ca
B. 40 Ca
C. 20 Ca
D. Ca 20
34.Mt nguyn t Y c tng s electron phn lp p l 11. Y l nguyn t ho hc no trong s cc nguyn t
sau?
A. Kali (z = 19)
B. Lu hunh (z = 16) C. Flo (z = 9)
D. Clo (z = 17)
35.Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom l 79,91. Brom c hai ng v, bit
79
35 Br
ca ng v th hai l :
A. 78
B. 81
C. 80
D. 82
3
36.Nguyn t nguyn t Y c cu hnh e kt thc phn lp 4p . THN ca nguyn t Y l :
A. 23+
B. 23
C. 33
D. 33+
37.Cc ht cu to nn ht nhn nguyn t (tr Hir) l:
A. Proton v Ntron
B. Proton v electron
C. Proton
D. Proton, electron v ntron
38.S n v in tch ht nhn ca Phtpho l 15. Trong nguyn t phtpho s electron phn mc nng
lng cao nht l:
A. 5
B. 2
C. 4
D. 3
39.Nguyn t A c s e phn lp 4s gp i phn lp 3d, vy s hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t A l:
A. 23
B. 19
C. 21
D. 22
-19
40.Ht nhn nguyn t R c in tch +32.10 Culng, bit rng in tch ca 1 electron bng -1,6.10 -19
Culng, cu hnh e ca nguyn t R l:
A. 1s22s22p63s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d24s2 D. 1s22s22p63s23p5
41.Nguyn t ca nguyn t A c 13e, nguyn t ca nguyn t B c cng s lp e vi nguyn t A v c 5e
ngoi cng. Vy B c cu hnh e l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p3
B. 1s22s22p63s2
C. 1s22s22p63s23p5
D. 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
42.S khc nhau gia
12
6
C v
13
6
C l :
A. 1 prton
B. 1 prton v 1 electron
C. 1 ntron
D. 1 electron
43.Nguyn t X c tng s ht l 28, s ntron bng s proton cng thm 1, c im no sau y khng phi
ca X:
A. X l kim loi
B. X c 2 lp e
C. X c 7 e lp ngoi cng
D. X c A=19
44.Nguyn t ca cng 1 nguyn t c th khc nhau v:
A. s electron
B. s ntron
C. s prton
D. s hiu nguyn t
45.Cho nguyn t X c Z = 27. Hy chn cu hnh e ca X?
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d74s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
C. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7
D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d9
46.Nguyn t Br c Z=35.S e lp ngoi cng l:
A. 6
B. 5
C. 4
D. 7
47.S proton v s ntron trong nguyn t
235
92
U ln lt l:
A. 92,143
B. 92,235
C. 143,92
D. 235,92
2
2
6
2
1
48.Cu hnh e ca nguyn t Al (Z=13)l 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p .Vy c im no sau y l sai:
A. Lp K c 2 e
B. C 1e lp ngoi cng
C. Lp M c 3 e
D. Lp L c 8 e
39
28
49.Cho 2 nguyn t 14 A , 19 B .Tng s ht trong 2 nguyn t ln lt l:
A. 56,41
B. 58,42
C. 42,58
D. 28,39
50.Nguyn t A c phn mc nng lng cao nht l 3d5 th THN ca A l:
A. 25
B. 30+
C. 25+
D. 26
20
51.Neon c 2 ng v, phn trm s nguyn t Ne l 90%. Bit Nguyn t khi Trung bnh ca Ne l 20,2. S
khi ca ng v cn li l:
A. 19
B. 20
C. 22
D. 21
52.Tng s ht trong nguyn t ca 1 nguyn t l 26, s khi ca ht nhn nguyn t ny l:
A. 20
B. 17
C. 19
D. 18
2
53.Cho 1 nguyn t m nguyn t c e mc nng lng cao nht l 3d . s e trong nguyn t ny l
A. 22
B. 20
C. 18
D. 24
54.Nguyn t c ng knh ln gp khong 10000 ln ng knh ht nhn. Nu ta phng ht nhn ln thnh
1 qa cu c ng knh 6 cm th bn knh nguyn t s l:
A. 200m
B. 400m
C. 300m
D. 600m
16
17
18
1
2
55.Oxi c 3 ng v 8 O, 8 O, 8 O. Hidro c 2 ng v 1 H, 1 H. C bao nhiu phn t H 2O c to ra ?
A. 6
B. 12
C. 9
D. 10
56.Cu hnh e ca nguyn t no sau y l vit ng?
A. 42Mo : [ Kr ] 4d55s1
B. 29Cu : [ Ar ] 3d84s2
C. 17Cl : [ Ne ] 3s13p6
D. 33 As: [ Ar ] 3d104s34p2
57.Cho cc nguyn t:
A. 2
14
15
17
17
18
6 C , 7 N , 8 N , 9 F , 10 Ne .
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
BI TP T LUN: THAM KHO
58.Mg c 2 ng v X v Y. S khi ca X l 24, ng v Y nhiu hn X 1 ntron. T l s nguyn t X v Y
l 3 : 2. Tnh khi lng nguyn t trung bnh ca Mg.
28
29
30
59.Silic trong t nhin gm 14 Si chim 92% , 14 Si chim 5% v 14 Si chim 3%.
a) Hy tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca nguyn t Silic.
28
b) Gi s c 230 nguyn t 14 Si th cc ng v cn li ca silic cha bao nhiu nguyn t?
60.Tng s ht (p,n, e) trong nguyn t ca nguyn t X l 82. Trong nguyn t, s ht mang in nhiu hn
s ht khng mang in l 22 ht.
a) Tm s electron v s khi ca nguyn t X.
b) Vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t X v cho bit X l nguyn t kim loi hay phi kim.
61.Trong t nhin Neon c hai ng v,
22
10
Ne ( chim 9%) ;
20
10
Ne ( chim 91%)
20
10
Ne , bit ng v
22
10
Ne c 270 nguyn t.
62.Tm bn knh nguyn t ng, bit trong tinh th ng c 1 mol Cu chim th tch 7,25 cm3.
63.in tch ht nhn ca nguyn t X l + 56.10-19 Culng, bit qe = -1,6.10-19 Culng.Hy xc nh s hiu
nguyn t ca nguyn t X
64.Nguyn t X c tng s ht l70, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 18.X v X l 2
ng v c tng s khi l 98.T l s nguyn t tng ng l 4/5.Tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca X v
X
65.Cho 4,12 g mui NaX tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3 ta thu c 7,52 g kt ta
a) Tnh NTK ca X
b) Nguyn t X c 2 ng v. Xc nh s ca mi loi ng v bit rng:
- ng v 2 c s n trong ht nhn nhiu hn ca ng v 1 l 2 ht
- Phn trm cc ng v bng nhau
66.Nguyn t Y c tng s ht cc loi l 54, s ht khng mang in t hn s ht mang in l 14 ht.Vit k
hiu nguyn t Y
67.Nguyn t Y c tng s ht cc loi l 58. Xc nh s lng ht mi loi ca nguyn t Z bit mt ht
nhn nguyn t c cu to bn th 1 N/Z 1,5
68.Xc nh thnh phn cu to, vit k hiu nguyn t ca nguyn t Y c tng s ht cc loi l 36. S ht
khng mang in bng hiu s gia tng s ht vi s ht mang in m