Rxns of Alkenes: 1. Addn of Hydrogen halide (Hydrohalogenation) 2. Addn of HBr in the presence of H2O2 (?) 3.

Halogen Addn (halogenation: Cl2 or Br2 only) 4. Acid-catalyzed Addn of H20 & Alcohols 5. Hydroboration-oxidation 6. Addition of hydrogen (catalytic hydrogenation) 7. Epoxide Formation 8. Ozonolysis Rxns of Alkynes: 1. Hydrohalogenation 2. Halogenation 3. Acid-catalyzed hydration 4. Mercuric-ion catalyzed hydration 5. Hydroboration-oxidation 6. Acid, then alkylation Nomenclature (up to alkynes) Basic Rules: 1. Find the longest chain in the molecule and name it. 2. Name all groups attached to the chain as alkyl substituents. 3. Number the carbons of the longest chain beginning with the end that is closes t to a substituent. 4. Write the name of the alkane by first arranging all of the substituents in al phabetical order (each preceded by the number of the carbon to which it is attac hed and a hyphen), and then add the name of the stem. Haloalkanes (pp. 75-76): 5. The halogen is treated as an alkyl substituent, without any priority. 6. Ethers (p. 346-347) are named as alkoxyalkanes. The first carbon of the alkox y substituent is numbered as C-1 of that substituent. From this point on, the functional group with the highest priority defines C-1 o f the parent chain. 7. Amines (pp. 957): Amines are named as alkanamines, with the amino group defin ing the chain numbering, so 2-hexanamine. Alkenes (pp. 447): 8. Find the longest chain that includes both carbons of the double bond(s). 9. Numbering starts with the end of the chain nearer the double bond. In cycloal kenes, the two carbons of the alkene are defined to be C-1 and C-2. Alcohol numb ering takes priority over alkene numbering: thus, an alkenol. 10. Substituents are named and numbered as above. 11. If the larger substituents at each end of the alkene are on opposite sides f rom each other, the alkene is (E). If they are on the same side, it is (Z). Alkynes (pp. 562):

12. The alkyne functional group has priority over the alkene in naming, thus, an alkenyne. Numbering is done to give the smaller numbers, without preference for one or the other. In symmetrical situations, the alkene receives the lower numb er. Alcohols have priority over alkynes: thus, an alkynol