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Giao Trinh TDHTKCD - Tong Hop - Draft
Giao Trinh TDHTKCD - Tong Hop - Draft
Giao Trinh TDHTKCD - Tong Hop - Draft
Tnghatrongttclnhvchinangcxhiquantmcbitbinhn nng sut laongc nng cao, cht lng sn phmnnh v tt hn, nhiu tngmicchitrthnhhinthc.Tnghacngtcthitkcngtrnhgiao thng cng khng nm ngoi quy lut chung, hin nay, hu ht cc cng ty trong lnhvctvnthitkcngtrnhgiaothngurtchtrngthchintngha cngtcthitktrongcngtycamnh.iunycthhinrnttrongvicu tcacccngty(muasmmytnh,phnmmvotonhnlc)cngnhtrin khaitnghathitkrtnhiucngtrnhtrongthct. Visadngcamnh,ccbitontrongcngtcthitklunihislinhhot ca cng tc tng ha. Chnh v vy, phn nopngc yu cu cp bch t thc t sn xut, ni dung cun gio trnh ny cpn tt c cc vn c bn nht ca vic thc hin tng ha thit k cng trnh giao thng cng nh phng phpnngcaomctnghachophhpvitngyucuchuynbitxut hintrongqutrnhthitk. Ni dung ca gio trnh ny l sc kt kinh nghim ging dy mn Tng ha thit k cung cho sinh vin ngnh xy dng cng trnh giao thng v qu trnh tham gia thc hin tng ha cng tc thit k ngoi sn xut ca cc tc gi cng nhcpnhtminhtnhngcngnghchchtphcvchovictngha.Hn na,nidungchnhtptrungvonhngthnhphn ctliphcvchomccht ng ha thit k cu ng, cng vi nhng ni dung mang tnh gi m v nh hng cho tng chuyn ngnh, khin cho cun gio trnh ny hon ton ph hp vi nhhngototheotnchcaNhtrng. Chng ti xin chn thnh cmn sng gp kin ca ccng nghip trong qu trnhhonthincungiotrnhny. Vi tc pht trin rt nhanh ca cng ngh nh hin nay th chc chn rng trong thi gian ti, nhiu vn lin quann vic thc hin tng ha thit k s phi thayi, v chng ti hy vng rng, cng vi cc kinng gp ca bnc v s cp nht kin thc ca bn thn, th ln xut bn sau ca cun sch ny s hon thin hnna,spngtthnnayucucabnc. HNi,ngy01thng06nm2007 Cctcgi.
PHN I: M U .................................................................................. 1
1.Tngquanvthitkvtnghathitkcngtrnhgiaothng.............................. 1 2.intvccphnmmdngchothitkcngtrnhgiaothng.................................. 3 3.Lachnphnmmdngchothitkcngtrnhgiaothng.......................................... 4 4.Chuynbithaphnmm .................................................................................................... 6 5.Ktchng .............................................................................................................................. 11
8.3.1. Vng lp theo bin m .............................................................................................47 8.3.2. Lp trong mt tp hp................................................................................................49 8.4. Vng lp khng xc nh ...................................................................................................50 9.Chngtrnhcon ................................................................................................................... 51 9.1. Hm (Function) ..................................................................................................................52 9.2. Th tc (Sub) .....................................................................................................................52 9.3. Truyn tham s cho chng trnh con................................................................................52 9.3.1. Truyn tham s theo tham chiu ................................................................................53 9.3.2. Truyn tham s theo tham tr .....................................................................................54 9.3.3. Tham s tu chn.......................................................................................................54 9.3.4. Danh sch tham s vi s lng tham s tu ..........................................................55 9.3.5. Hm c gi tr tr v l kiu mng. ............................................................................55 9.4. Bin trong chng trnh con ..............................................................................................56 9.5. Cch thc gi chng trnh con. ........................................................................................58 9.6. Thot khi chng trnh con..............................................................................................59 10.Tchcccchngtrnhcontheohthngccmunchun .................................. 59 11.LmvicviUserFormvccthnhphniukhin .................................................. 60 11.1. Cc vn chung .............................................................................................................60 11.1.1. To UserForm v cc thnh phn iu khin trong VBA IDE ................................63 11.1.2. Cc thuc tnh ca UserForm v cc thnh phn iu khin. ..................................64 11.1.3. Cc phng thc ca UserForm v cc thnh phn iu khin. ..............................66 11.1.4. Cc s kin trn giao din........................................................................................66 11.1.5. V d.........................................................................................................................67 11.2. Lm vic vi UserForm ...................................................................................................68 11.3. Cc iu khin thng dng...............................................................................................69 12.Cchpthoithngdng................................................................................................... 76 12.1. Hp thng ip (Message Box MsgBox)......................................................................76 12.2. Hp nhp d liu (Input Box InputBox) .......................................................................77 12.3. Hp thoi da trn iu khin Common Dialog. .............................................................78 13.Lptrnhxltptin.......................................................................................................... 80 13.1. Cc hnh thc truy cp tp tin ..........................................................................................81 13.2. X l d liu trong tp tin vi cc hm I/O: ....................................................................82 13.2.1. M tp tin:................................................................................................................82 13.2.2. c d liu t tp tin: ..............................................................................................82 13.2.3. Ghi d liu vo tp tin: ............................................................................................84 13.2.4. ng tp tin..............................................................................................................86 13.3. X l d liu trong tp tin theo m hnh FSO (File System Object) ...............................86 13.3.1. To tp tin mi.........................................................................................................88 13.3.2. M tp tin c thao tc .....................................................................................89 14.GrivbylitrongVBAIDE ........................................................................................ 90 14.1. Phn loi li trong lp trnh..............................................................................................90 14.2. G ri trong lp trnh .......................................................................................................91 14.2.1. Pht hin li lc thc thi ..........................................................................................91 14.2.2. Cc phng php thc thi m lnh ..........................................................................92 14.2.3. Ca s tr gip g ri ..............................................................................................93 14.3. By li trong VBAIDE.....................................................................................................95 14.3.1. Cu lnh On Error....................................................................................................95 14.3.2. i tng Err ...........................................................................................................96 14.3.3. Hm Error ................................................................................................................97
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2.1. Macro l g?..................................................................................................................... 101 2.2. To Macro ....................................................................................................................... 101 2.2.1. To Macro theo kch bn......................................................................................... 101 2.2.2. To Macro s dng VBA ........................................................................................ 104 2.3. Qun l Macro................................................................................................................. 104 2.4. S dng Macro ................................................................................................................ 105 2.4.1. Thc thi Macro bng phm tt ................................................................................. 106 2.4.2. Thc thi Macro thng qua trnh qun l Macro ...................................................... 106 2.4.3. Thc thi Macro trc tip t VBAIDE ..................................................................... 106 2.5. Hiu chnh Macro............................................................................................................ 107 2.6. Vn an ton khi s dng Macro.................................................................................. 107 3.XydnghmmitrongExcel .......................................................................................... 107 3.1. Khi nim v hm trong Excel ........................................................................................ 107 3.2. To hm mi bng VBA ................................................................................................. 108 3.2.1. Ti sao phi dng hm?........................................................................................... 108 3.2.2. Cu trc hm ........................................................................................................... 109 3.2.3. To hm mi ........................................................................................................... 109 3.3. Hm tr v li .................................................................................................................. 111 4.AddinvPhnphiccngdngmrng................................................................... 113 4.1. Khi nim v Add-In ....................................................................................................... 114 4.2. Trnh qun l Add-In....................................................................................................... 114 4.3. To Add-In ...................................................................................................................... 115 4.4. Phn phi v Ci t Add-In ........................................................................................... 117 5.HthngccitngtrongExcel................................................................................... 117 5.1. M hnh i tng trong Excel ....................................................................................... 117 5.2. Mt s i tng c bn trong Excel .............................................................................. 119 5.2.1. i tng Application............................................................................................. 119 5.2.2. i tng Workbook .............................................................................................. 123 5.2.3. i tng Window.................................................................................................. 126 5.2.4. i tng Worksheet .............................................................................................. 128 5.2.5. i tng Range ..................................................................................................... 131 5.2.6. Tp i tng Cells ................................................................................................. 135 6.SkincaccitngtrongExcel............................................................................... 137 6.1. To b x l s kin cho mt s kin ............................................................................. 138 6.2. S kin trong Workbook ................................................................................................. 139 6.3. S kin trong Worksheet ................................................................................................. 141 6.4. S kin trong UserForm .................................................................................................. 143 6.5. S kin khng gn vi i tng .................................................................................... 144 7.CcthaotccbntrongExcel .......................................................................................... 145 7.1. iu khin Excel ............................................................................................................. 146 7.1.1. Thot khi Excel ..................................................................................................... 146 7.1.2. Kho tng tc ngi dng..................................................................................... 147 7.1.3. Thao tc vi ca s ................................................................................................. 147 7.1.4. Khi ng Excel t chng trnh khc ................................................................... 148 7.2. Lm vic vi Workbook.................................................................................................. 150 7.2.1. To mi, m, lu v ng workbook ...................................................................... 150 7.3. Lm vic vi Worksheet ................................................................................................. 151 7.3.1. To mi, xo v i tn worksheet ......................................................................... 151 7.4. Lm vic vi Range v Cells........................................................................................... 152 7.4.1. Duyt qua tng trong vng d liu....................................................................... 152 7.4.2. Duyt qua tng trong vng d liu theo hng v ct ........................................... 152 7.4.3. Vng c cha d liu Thuc tnh UsedRange...................................................... 153 7.5. Lm vic vi biu ....................................................................................................... 153 7.5.1. To mi biu ...................................................................................................... 154 7.5.2. Thm mt chui s liu vo biu c.............................................................. 155 7.6. S dng cc hm c sn trong Excel............................................................................... 157
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8.Giaodinngidng.......................................................................................................... 157 8.1. iu khin nhng trong Worksheet .................................................................................157 8.1.1. iu khin Spin Button............................................................................................158 8.1.2. iu khin ComboBox ............................................................................................159 8.1.3. iu khin Command Button ..................................................................................160 8.2. Cc hp thoi thng dng ................................................................................................161 8.2.1. Hp thoi InputBox ca Excel Hm InputBox .....................................................161 8.2.2. Hp thoi Open Hm GetOpenFilename ..............................................................163 8.2.3. Hp thoi Save As Hm GetSaveAsFilename ......................................................165 8.2.4. Hp thoi chn th mc i tng FileDialog ....................................................166 8.2.5. Cc hp thoi mc nh trong Excel Tp i tng Dialogs ................................166 8.2.6. Thc thi mc trnh n Excel t VBA.....................................................................168 8.3. Hp thoi tu bin UserForm........................................................................................169 8.3.1. To mi UserForm...................................................................................................169 8.3.2. Hin th UserForm ...................................................................................................170 8.3.3. Cc iu khin trn UserForm .................................................................................171 8.4. Thao tc trn thanh trnh n ...........................................................................................172 8.4.1. Cu trc ca h thng thanh trnh n .....................................................................173 8.4.2. To trnh n tu bin..............................................................................................174 8.4.3. Xo trnh n tu bin .............................................................................................177 8.4.4. Gn phm tt cho Menu Item ...................................................................................178
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5.1.6. Thit lp bin h thng............................................................................................ 214 5.2. To mi i tng hnh hc ............................................................................................ 217 5.2.1. Xc nh ni cha i tng ................................................................................... 217 5.2.2. Khai bo v to i tng hnh hc ........................................................................ 218 5.2.3. To i tng Point................................................................................................. 219 5.2.4. To i tng dng ng thng ............................................................................ 220 5.2.5. To i tng dng ng cong ............................................................................. 223 5.2.6. To i tng vn bn............................................................................................. 225 5.3. Lm vic vi i tng SelectionSet .............................................................................. 227 5.3.1. Khai bo v khi to i tng SelectionSet .......................................................... 228 5.3.2. Thm i tng hnh hc vo mt SelectionSet ..................................................... 228 5.3.3. Thao tc vi cc i tng trong SelectionSet........................................................ 234 5.3.4. nh ngha b lc i tng cho SelectionSet ........................................................ 234 5.3.5. Loi b i tng hnh hc ra khi SelectionSet .................................................... 236 5.4. Hiu chnh i tng hnh hc ........................................................................................ 237 5.4.1. Hiu chnh i tng s dng cc phng thc ..................................................... 238 5.4.2. Hiu chnh i tng s dng cc thuc tnh.......................................................... 245 5.4.3. Hiu chnh ng a tuyn ..................................................................................... 249 5.4.4. Hiu chnh vn bn n........................................................................................... 251 5.5. Lm vic vi lp (Layer)................................................................................................. 253 5.5.1. To lp mi ............................................................................................................. 254 5.5.2. Truy xut v thay i tn mt lp c.................................................................. 255 5.5.3. Thit lp lp hin hnh............................................................................................ 255 5.5.4. Thit lp cc ch hin th ca lp....................................................................... 255 5.5.5. Xo lp .................................................................................................................... 257 5.6. Thao tc vi kiu ng Linetype................................................................................ 257 5.6.1. Ti kiu ng vo AutoCAD ................................................................................ 257 5.6.2. Truy xut v i tn kiu ng ............................................................................. 258 5.6.3. Thit lp kiu ng hin hnh............................................................................... 259 5.6.4. Xo kiu ng c.............................................................................................. 259 5.7. Thao tc vi ng kch thc Dimension .................................................................. 259 5.7.1. Kiu ng kch thc DimensionStyle .............................................................. 260 5.7.2. To ng kch thc ............................................................................................. 262 5.7.3. nh dng ng kch thc................................................................................... 267 5.8. Thao tc vi d liu m rng XData............................................................................ 268 5.8.1. Gn d liu m rng ............................................................................................... 268 5.8.2. c d liu m rng ............................................................................................... 269 6.Giaodinngidng .......................................................................................................... 270 6.1. Thao tc vi thanh trnh n ........................................................................................... 270 6.1.1. Cu trc ca h thng thanh trnh n .................................................................... 270 6.1.2. To trnh n ........................................................................................................... 272 6.1.3. Xo thanh trnh n................................................................................................. 274
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1. Tng quan v thit k v t ng ha thit k cng trnh giao thng
Cng tc thit k lun c mt v tr quan trng t khi lp d n cho n khi thi cng, hon thnh v a cng trnh vo s dng. T trc n nay, cng tc kho st thit k c bit n nh mt qu trnh gm nhiu cng on khc nhau, m mc ch cui cng l xc lp cu to ca cng trnh, cch thc thi cng ch o to ra cng trnh trn thc a v phng php khai thc cng trnh mt cch hiu qu nht. Kt qu ca cng tc thit k c th hin di dng h s thit k, ngha l qu trnh thit k nhm n vic to ra mt b h s thit k, m trong n m t mt cch y ton b mc ch ca qu trnh thit k. Thng thng h s thit k bao gm nhng thnh phn c bn nh sau: Bn thuyt minh: ni th hin nhng c s cho cng tc thit k, lp lun ca ngi thit k v gii thch nhng vn c bn ca phng n thit k. Cc loi bng tnh, bng thng k: ni trnh by cc kt qu tnh ton trong qu trnh thit k, l c s cho vic lp bn v v xc nh chi ph u t cho cng trnh. Bn v: ni th hin chi tit nht cu to ca cng trnh cng nh phng php ch o thi cng cng trnh. D ton: ni th hin cch thc xc nh tng mc u t cho cng trnh. Mc chi tit ca nhng thnh phn trong h s thit k ph thuc vo yu cu trong tng giai on ca qu trnh u t cho cng trnh. V d giai on lp bn v thi cng i hi mc chi tit cao nht. Nu xem xt k hn bn trong ca h s thit k cng trnh giao thng th ai cng nhn thy rng chng c mi lin h cht ch vi nhau theo mt quan h logic kh r rng, v d cc kch thc hnh hc trong bn v s phi ph hp vi kt qu tnh ton c trnh by trong cc bng tnh. iu ny ni ln rng, khi m t mi lin h trn thnh mt chui cc lnh th ta c trong tay thnh phn c bn nht ca t ng ha thit k cng trnh giao thng. Vn cn li l tm kim gii php thch hp thc hin t ng ha. T ng ha mt cng vic c hiu l cng vic c thc hin t ng hon ton hay mt phn nh c s tr gip ca cc thit b. V d nh qu trnh ch to xe hi c t ng ha nh h thng robot trong cc dy truyn sn xut. Trong lnh vc thit k cng trnh giao thng, do sn phm ca cng tc ny l h s thit k, cho nn thit b tr gip ph hp l cc h thng c kh nng to vn bn, tnh ton kt cu, v cc i tng hnh hc, dng m hnh.... H thng thng tin, bao gm phn cng (my tnh, my in, my qut...) v phn mm (cc chng trnh ng dng), v ang c trin khai rng ri trong khp cc cng ty t vn thit k cng trnh giao thng bi chng c nhng c im rt ph hp cho vic lp h s thit k cng trnh: My tnh cng vi cc phn mm chy trn chng cho php thc hin nhiu cng vic khc nhau nh: phn tch kt cu, v i tng hnh hc, to vn bn, dng m hnh... Tc tnh ton nhanh, iu ny cho php a ra nhiu hn mt phng n thit k vi thi gian c th chp nhn c. Kh nng lu tr v tn dng li d liu t hiu qu rt cao, iu ny cho php ngi thit k c th tn dng li ti a d liu c t trc. V d, vi h thng cc bn v in trn giy, vic tn dng li t hiu qu rt thp, hu nh ch mc tham kho thng tin,
GIOTRNHTNGHOTHITKCUNG
trong khi , nu nh cng cc bn v ny c lu tr trong my tnh, ngoi vic cho php tham kho tng t nh bn v in trn giy, n cn cho php tn dng li chnh cc thnh phn trong bn v chnh sa, k tha, v kt qu ta s c c mt bn v mi t nhng d liu c. C th ni rng mc t ng ha thit k cng trnh hin nay ang nhiu cp khc nhau, ty theo tng cng vic c th, iu ny c th hin r trong cch thc to ra tng thnh phn trong h s thit k. V d, trong thit k cu, phn phn tch kt cu c mc t ng ha rt cao, nhng vic to bn v li c mc t ng ha thp hn nhiu. Tuy vy, xu hng nng cao mc t ng ha ang ngy cng r nt bi s pht trin rt mnh ca cc phn mm chuyn dng, chng ang l cng c h tr khng th thiu cho cc k s thit k, ng thi l thnh phn ch cht cho qu trnh t ng ha. Nh chng m vic phn tch kt cu cng trnh tr nn nhanh chng v chnh xc, nh chng m vic a ra cc phng n thit k ca tuyn ng cng nh vic to m hnh ba chiu ng tr thnh hin thc.
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GIOTRNHTNGHOTHITKCUNG