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Presidents of India

1. Dr.Rajendra Prasad (January 26, 1950 May 13, 1962)
2 Dr. S. Radhakrishnan (May 13, 1962May 13, 1967)
3 Dr. Zakir Hussain (May 13, 1967August 24, 1969)
4 Shri V Venkata Giri (August 24, 1969August 24, 1974)
5 Shri Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (August 24, 1974February 11, 1977)
6 Shri Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (July 25, 1977July 25, 1982)
7 Shri Giani Zail Singh (July 25, 1982 July 25, 1987)
8 Shri R. Venkataraman (July 25, 1987 July 25, 1992)
9 Dr. S.D. Sharma (July 25, 1992 July 25, 1997)
10 Shri K R Narayanan (July 25, 199725 July 2002)
11 Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (25 July 200225 July 2007)
12 Pratibha Patil (25 July 2007 25 July 2012)
13 Pranab Mukherjee (25 July 2012Incumbent)

European Union (EU)

The European Union (EU) is an economic and political union of 28 member states that are
located primarily in Europe. The EU operates through a system of supranational
independent institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states.
Institutions of the EU include the European Commission, the Council of the European Union,
the European Council, the Court of Justice of the European Union, the European Central
Bank, the Court of Auditors, and the European Parliament. The European Parliament is
elected every five years by EU citizens. The EU's de facto capital is Brussels

Social programs -

1. Mahatma Gandhi Pravasi Surakhsa Yojana :- MGPSY ,a pension scheme for blue-collar
Indian workers would be launched in the Gulf next month. Under the scheme, Government
contributes Rs.1,000 per annum for men and Rs. 2000 for women subscribers of MGPSY
who save between Rs.1,000 and Rs.12,000 per year in NPS-Lite.

2. Centre launches skill development and job placement scheme 'Roshini' for rural youth
and women in Maoist affected 24 districts in 9 states.

3. Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana for BPL families in Assam: BPL families are availing
medical benefits under this scheme.

4. Mukhyamantri Yuva Swarozgar Yojana launched in Madhya Pradesh. For assisting youths
of Madhya Pradesh to start their own industries and businesses. Under the scheme, time-
limit of one month has been fixed for disposal of loan cases by banks.

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5. Umeed a central social welfare scheme for poor rural women launched in Jammu and
Kashmir by Rahul Gandhi

6. Govt launches schemes for free generic drugs at health centres: The initiatives, called
'Free Drug Service' and 'Free Diagnostics Service' under the National Health Mission:
Gujarat Info Petro Ltd, a subsidiary of Gujarat State Petroleum Corporation, has signed an
agreement with Cason Engineering Plc, Hungary, in pursuant to the MOU signed during the
Vibrant Gujarat Summit-2013, for a gas monitoring system.

7. Golden Girl Scheme Launched in Andhra Pradesh to protect girl child and ensure her
education. The scheme is limited to two children of each BPL family.

8. Andhra Pradesh Launched Amma Hastham Scheme, a welfare scheme named after
Indira Gandhi Amma Hastham as a Ugadi gift to the poor. This scheme is for supplying
specified quantities of 9 essential commodities in a packet just for Rs.185 to white card
households.

9. Dhanwantari Yojana in the healthcare sector - Madhya Pradesh

10. Priyadarshni Awaas Yojna in Haryana state at Karnal to provide affordable housing
facility to the people living in rural areas.

11. Nitaqat scheme: India and Saudi Arabia for migrant labourers

12. National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM), aiming to eradicate poverty in villages by
empowering women in the country.

13. National Cyber Security Policy that aims to create a secure computing environment in
the country.

14. Government has revised wages under Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme (MNREGS) from April 1 to factor in inflation. The maximum wage of Rs.
214 has been fixed for Haryana, and a minimum of Rs. 135 for the northeastern States.

15. The Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) scheme for the LPG consumers, putting subsidy cash
directly into the account of beneficiaries, launched in 20 districts with high Aadhaar card The
scheme is likely to be extended to the entire country.

16. Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), which provides financial assistance to mothers for
institutional deliveries.

17. U.P started Ashirwad Bal Swasthya Guarantee Yojana NRHM.

18. UP govt. launched unemployment allowance scheme.

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19. Madhya Pradesh starts new scheme Sampark Setu.

20. UP Government launched the Samajwadi Swasthya Seva in the state.

21. Haryana Govt. decides to implement e-pension scheme system

22. Uttarakhand govt to strictly implement 'no work no pay' rule.

23. Uttar Pradesh CM Akhilesh Yadav launched free laptop scheme for intermediate pass.

24. Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Arogya Yojana (health insurance scheme) was launched
in Maharashtra.

25. Nirmal Bharat Campaign had started in Sevagram, Maharashtra.

26. In Haryana, to ensure that all the health facilities and services provided by Health
Department are accessible to the people, a program called Rapid Appraisal of Program
Implementation in District.

27. Atal Jyoti scheme in Bhopal (MP) Under the scheme 24 hour power is supplied in the
rural areas.

Fathers of Different Fields

1. Father of Astronomy : Copernicus
2. Economics : Adam Smith
3. Biology : Aristotle
4. Chemistry : Antoine Lavoisier
5. Geometry : Euclid
6. History : Herodotus
7. Genetics : G.J. Mendel
8. Botany : Theophrastus
9. Classical mechanics : Isaac Newton
10. Computer : Charles Babbage
11. Comedy : Aristophanes
12. English poetry : Geoffrey Chaucer
13. Homeopathy : Heinemann
14. Indian Green Revolution :M.S. Swaminathan
15. India's Communication Revolution : Sam Pitroda
16. Medicine : Hippocrates
17. Modern physics :Galileo Galilei
18. Nuclear physics : Ernest Rutherford
19. Nuclear science : Marie Curie , Pierre Curie
20. Pentium Chip :Vinod Dham
21. Periodic table : Dmitri Mendeleev
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22. Political science :Niccol Machiavelli
23. Quantum mechanics : Max Planck
24. Relativity : Albert Einstein
25. Robotics : Al-Jazari
26. Thermodynamics :Sadi Carnot
27. Zoology : Aristotle

List of Revolutions in the field of Agriculture in India

Black Revolution - Petroleum Production
Blue Revolution - Fish Production
Brown Revolution - Leather/non-conventional(India)/Cocoa production
Golden Fiber Revolution - Jute Production
Golden Revolution - Fruits/Overall Horticulture development/Honey Production
Green Revolution - Food grains
Grey Revolution - Fertilizer
Pink Revolution - Onion production/Pharmaceutical (India)/Prawn production
Red Revolution - Meat & Tomato Production
Round Revolution - Potato
Silver Fiber Revolution - Cotton
Silver Revolution - Egg/Poultry Production
White Revolution (In India: Operation Flood) - Milk/Dairy production

Indian ballistic missiles

Prithvi I (SS-150) - Army Version (150 km range with a payload of 1,000 kg)
Prithvi II (SS-250) - Air Force Version (250 km range with a payload of 500 kg)
Prithvi III (SS-350) - Naval Version (350 km range with a payload of 1000 kg)
Agni-I 700 km (SRBM)
Agni-II2,500 km (MRBM)
Agni-III 5,000 km (IRBM)
Agni-IV 4,000 km (IRBM)
Agni-V 5,500 km (ICBM)
Agni-VI 10,000 km (ICBM) Under development

Sea-based nuclear armed ballistic missiles

Dhanush350 km Developed, but not operationally deployed.
K-4 3,500 km ( Submarine-launched ballistic missile) Under development.
Sagarika (K-15) 700 km (Submarine-launched ballistic missile)

LATEST APPOINTMENTS IN THE WORLD

1. Abdulla Yameen appointed as the new President of Maldives.
2. Bill de Blasio - New York City's first Democratic mayor in two decades.
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3. Imomali Rakhmon Reelected as the President of Tajikistan
4. Syed Jalil Abbas Jilani appointed New Pakistan's envoy to USA.
5. Syed Ibne Abbas: New Pakistani envoy to India.
6. Ms Tehmina Janjua: Pakistan's permanent representative (PR) for the United Nations in
New York.
7. Nawaz Sharif: New Pm of Pakistan
8. Mamnoon Hussain - 12th President of Pakistan
9. Miss World 2013: Megan Young from Philippines
10. Obabiyi Aishah Ajibola of Nigeria - New World Muslimah 2013
11. Ibrahim Boubacar Keita: New Mali President
12. Mulatu Teshome: New president of Ethiopia
13. Hun Sen: New Cambodian Prime Minister
14. Tony Abbott :New PM of Australia. He succeeded Kevin Rudd
15. Nouri Abusahmain: President of Libya
16. Ali Zeidan: Libya PM (Prime Minister)
17. Wael Nader Al-Halqi: Prime Minister of Syria.
18. C.V. Wigneswaran - Northern Province CM of Sri Lanka.
19. Satya Nadella (India-born) New Microsoft CEO
20. Roberto Azevedo - Head of W.T.O.
21. New King of Belgium: Prince Philippe
22. Samantha Power - US ambassador to United Nations.
23. Susan Elizabeth Rice - National Security Adviser to Obama
24. James Comey - next FBI Director of US.
25. Staffan de Mistura - Italian Special Envoy to India.
26. Dr. Christopher Briggs - Secretary General of the Ramsar Convention.
27. Poonam Khetrapal Singh, first woman regional director of WHO
28. Takehiko Nakao new President of ADB
29. Ashok Vemuri - the President and CEO of iGate Corporation.
30. Puneet Talwar - the Assistant Secretary of State for Political Military Affairs by the US
President Barack Obama.
31. The new Argentine pope Jorge Mario Bergoglio (76) - new Pope becomes the 266th
pontiff.
32. Thomas Batch (Germany) - 9th President of IOC (succeeded Jacques Rogge of Belgium.)
33. Rangaswamy Srinivasan is the only Indian American re-nominated by Obama for the
District of Columbia Circuit.
34. Elbegdorj Tsakhia New Mongolia president.
35. Abdoulaye Bathily of Senegal - New Deputy Special Representative for the United
Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA).
36. Satish Babu(Director, International Centre for Free and Open Source Software
(ICFOSS)) elected to 2014 Nominating Committee of the Internet Corporation for
Assigned Numbers and Names (ICANN). .
37. Hassan Rouhani New Iran's seventh President
38. Robert Mugabe President of Zimbabwe
39. Pak Lt Gen Maqsood Ahmed - UN military advisor
40. Shinzo Abe - New PM of Japan.
41. John Kerry- The secretary of state (US).
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42. Nicos Anastasiades - President of Cyprus .
43. Hazem El-Beblawi - new Prime Minister of Egypt
44. Khil Raj Regmi New Prime Minister of Nepal
45. Park Geun-hye - President of S. Korea (1st women president).
46. Raul Castro - President in Cuba.
47. New King of Netherlands: Willem-Alexander
48. Enrico Letta New PM of Italy
49. Srikanth Srinivasan - first Indian-American judge in the U.S. Supreme Court
50. Abdul Hamid- New Bangladesh President
51. Elbegdorj Tsakhia new Mongolia President

BANKS IN INDIA

Central Bank
1. Central Bank Reserve Bank of India

Commercial Bank
2. Public Sector Bank (Nationalized Bank) Total 26 = 14 were nationalized in 1969 +6
were Nationalized in 1980 (out of these one bank new Bank of India was merged with PNB
in 1983), + SBI +5 Subsidiary/Associates banks of State Bank of India.
3. Private Banks = RBI in 1993 gave licenses to 12 Private bank in 2 phases 10 private bank
in 1993 and 2 private bank in 2003-2004
4. Foreign Banks = 34 Foreign Banks are there in India.
Cooperative Bank: Cooperative Banks = Bank those are registered under Co-operative
Societies Act 1965, Co-operative Banks are also works as Commercial Bank, these are made
by self Help Group, or by the Communities or by Groups.

COUNTRIES AND THEIR NATIONAL EMBLEMS

Australia Kangaroo
Barbados Head of a Trident
Canada White Lily
Denmark Beach
France Lily
Guyana Canje Pheasant
India Ashoka Chakra
Ireland Shamrock
Italy White Lily
Japan Chrysanthemum
Luxembourg Lion with Crown
Netherlands Lion
Norway Lion
Papua New Guinea Bird of paradise
Senegal Bhobab Tree
Sri Lanka Lion
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Syria Eagle
U.K Rose
Bangladesh Water Lily
Belgium Lion
Chile Candor & Hummel
Germany Corn Flower
Hong Kong Bauhinia (Orchid Tree)
Iran Rose
Israel Candelabrum
Ivory Coast Elephant
Lebanon Cedar Tree
New Zealand Southern Cross, Kiwi, Fern
Pakistan Crescent
Spain Eagle
Sierra Leone Lion
Sudan Secretary Bird
Turkey Crescent & Star
U.S.A Golden Rod

ORGANISATION AND THERE HQs

1. UNO New York
2. UNICEF New York
3. UNESCO Paris
4. UNIDO Vienna
5. WHO Geneva
6. UNFPA New York
7. ILO Geneva
8. IMF Washington DC
9. WTO Geneva
10. International Court Of Justice The Hague
11. International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna
12. World Bank Washington D.C.
13. International Committee of the Red Cross -Geneva
14. International Maritime Organisation London
15. Universal Postal Union Berne
16. Food and Agricultural Organisation Rome
17. World Meteorological Organisation Geneva
18. SAARC Kathmandu
19. Amnesty International London
20. Transparency International Berlin
21. World Intellectual Property Organization Geneva
22. International Renewable Energy Agency Abu Dhabi (UAE) (Interim Hqs)
23. Commonwealth of Nations London
24. International Standards Organisation Geneva