1.

Input
1.1 Pipeline Design Parameter.
Outer diameter D
s
12in := Corrosion coating density
corr
940kg m
3
:=
Wall thickness t
s
12.7mm := Concrete coat density
cc
3044kg m
3
:=
Internal diameter ID D
s
2t
s
( ) := Content density
cont
10kg m
3
:=
Corrosion coating thickness t
corr
3mm := Seawater density
sw
1025kg m
3
:=
Pipe joint length L 12.2m := Steel density
s
7850kg m
3
:=
Concrete coating thickness assumption t
cc
0mm 0 in = :=
1.2 Environmental Parameter
Water depth d 70m :=
Kinematic viscosity of seawater v 1.076 10
5
ft
2
sec
1
:=
1.2.1 Installation Condition (1 year return period data)
Significant Wave Height H
s.i
1.2m :=
Spectral peak period T
p.i
15sec :=
Significant Wave period T
s.i
T
p.i
1.05
:=
T
s.i
14.286s =
Current at 90% depth U
r.i
0.165m sec
1
:=
1.2.2 Operation Condition (100 year return period data)
Significant Wave Height H
s.o
2.5m :=
Spectral peak period T
p.o
11sec :=
Significant Wave period T
s.o
T
p.o
1.05
:=
T
s.o
10.476s =
Current at 90% depth U
r.o
0.33m sec
1
:=
Corrosion allowance ca 3mm :=
Marine growth thickness t
mg
51mm :=
Marine growth density
mg
1400kg m
3
:=
1.3 Soil Parameter
Soil type 1 = sand
2 = clay
soil 2 :=
Medium density of sand
sand
1860kg m
3
:=
Medium density of clay
clay
326.309kg m
3
:=
Medium density of soil
soil

sand
soil 1 = if

clay
soil 2 = if
:=
soil
326.309
kg
m
3
=
Undrained shear stress S
u
2kPa :=
Medium density of clay
clay
326.309kg m
3
:=
2. Calculation
2.1 Vertical Stability
2.1.1 Instalation condition
Internal diameter ID
i
D
s
2t
s
( ) := ID
i
0.279m =
Total outer diameter D
tot.i
D
s
2 t
corr
+ 2 t
cc
+ ( ) := D
tot.i
0.311m =
Corrosion coating diameter D
corr
D
s
2 t
corr
+ ( ) := D
corr
0.311m =
Steel pipe mass / length W
st.i

4
D
s
2
ID
i
2

|
\
|

s
:= W
st.i
91.486
kg
m
=
Corrosion coating mass / length W
corr

4
D
corr
2
D
s
2

|
\
|

corr
:= W
corr
2.727
kg
m
=
Concrete coat mass / length W
cc.i

4
D
tot.i
2
D
corr
2

|
\
|

cc
:= W
cc.i
0
kg
m
=
Content mass / length W
cont.i

4
ID
i
2
0 := W
cont.i
0 =
Buoyancy B
cc.i

4
D
tot.i
2

sw
:= B
cc.i
77.763
kg
m
=
Total mass / length W
tot.i
W
st.i
W
corr
+ W
cc.i
+ W
cont.i
+ B
cc.i
:= W
tot.i
16.449
kg
m
=
VERTICAL STABILITY SG
cc.i
W
tot.i
B
cc.i
+ ( )
B
cc.i
:= SG
cc.i
1.212 =
VS
i
"OK!" SG
cc.i
1.1 > if
"Enlarge concrete coating thickness" SG
cc.i
1.1 if
:=
VS
i
"OK!" =
2.1.2 Operation condition
Internal diameter ID
o
D
s
2 t
s
ca ( )

:= ID
o
0.285m =
Corrosion coating diameter D
corr
D
s
2 t
corr
+ := D
corr
0.311m =
Concrete coating diameter D
cc.o
D
corr
2 t
cc
+ := D
cc.o
0.311m =
Total outer diameter D
tot.o
D
s
2 t
corr
+ 2 t
cc
+ 2.t
mg
+ ( ) := D
tot.o
0.413m =
Steel pipe mass / length W
st.o

4
D
s
2
ID
o
2

|
\
|

s
:= W
st.o
70.593
kg
m
=
Corrosion coating mass / length W
corr

4
D
corr
2
D
s
2

|
\
|

corr
:= W
corr
2.727
kg
m
=
Concrete coat mass / length W
cc.o

4
D
cc.o
2
D
corr
2

|
\
|

cc
:= W
cc.o
0
kg
m
=
Marine growth mass / length W
mg

4
D
tot.o
2
D
cc.o
2

|
\
|

mg
:= W
mg
81.155
kg
m
=
Content mass / length W
cont.o

4
ID
o
2

sw
:= W
cont.o
65.572
kg
m
=
Buoyancy B
cc.o

4
D
tot.o
2

sw
:= B
cc.o
137.181
kg
m
=
Total mass / length W
tot.o
W
st.o
W
corr
+ W
cc.o
+ W
mg
+ W
cont.o
+ B
cc.o
:= W
tot.o
82.867
kg
m
=
VERTICAL STABILITY SG
cc.o
W
tot.o
B
cc.o
+ ( )
B
cc.o
:= SG
cc.o
1.604 =
VS
o
"OK!" SG
cc.o
1.1 > if
"Enlarge concrete coating thickness" SG
cc.o
1.1 if
:=
VS
o
"OK!" =
2.2 Lateral Stability
2.2.1 Instalation Condition
2.2.1.1 Water Particle Velocity Calculation Caused by Wave Induced Velocity
Periode referensi T
n
d
g
:= T
n
2.672s =
Peakedness parameter

i
T
p.i
H
s.i
:=
i
13.693
s
m
0.5
=

i
5
i
3.6
sec
m
if
1
i
5
sec
m
if
3.3 otherwise
:=
i
1 =

Figure 2.1 Significant water velocity, U
s
*
(DNV RP E305)
Water particle velocity
(Wave induced)
T
n
T
p.i
0.178 =
U
s.i
0.23 H
s.i

T
n
:= U
s.i
0.103
m
s
=

Figure 2.2 Zero-up crossing period, T
u
(DNV RP E305)
Zero-up crossing period T
u.i
0.985 T
p.i
:= T
u.i
14.775s =
2.2.1.2 Average Velocity on Pipeline
Velocity on 90% depth U
r.i
0.165
m
s
=
Besarnya arus yang melewati pipa dipengaruhi oleh jenis tanah seabed dimana pipa diletakkan.
dalam hal tanah merupakan tanah clay, maka kekasaran tanah diabaikan, sehingga U
D.i
= U
r.i
U
D.i
U
r.i
0.165
m
s
= :=
2.2.1.3 Simplified Static Stability Method
Wave particle acceleration A
s.i
2
U
s.i
T
u.i
:= A
s.i
0.044
m
s
2
=
K
i
U
s.i
T
u.i

D
tot.i
:= K
i
4.911 =
Keilegan-Carpenter number
Wave - current velocity ratio M
i
U
D.i
U
s.i
:= M
i
1.597 =
2.2.1.3.1 Hydrodynamics coefficient
Reynold's number Re
i
U
D.i
U
s.i
+ ( )
v
D
tot.i
:= Re
i
8.342 10
4
=
Drag coefficient C
D.i
1.2 Re
i
3 10
5
< M
i
0.8 if
0.7 otherwise
:= C
D.i
1.2 =
Lift coefficient C
L
0.9 :=
Inertia coefficient C
M
3.29 :=
2.2.1.3.2 Calibration Factor

Figure 5.12 Calibration factor, F
w
, as function of K and M (DNV RP E305)
Calibration factor F
w.i
1 :=
2.2.1.3.3 Seabed Soil Factor

Figure 5.11 Recommended friction factors for clay (DNV RP E305)
ratio
i
D
tot.i
S
u

W
tot.i
g
:= ratio
i
3.853 =
Soil friction factor
i
0.25 :=
2.2.1.4 Lateral Stability Calculation
Hydrodynamic forces and Required submerged weight
i 0 180 .. :=
phase angle range

i
i deg :=
F
L.i.
( )
1
2

sw
g
D
tot.i
C
L
U
s.i
cos ( ) U
D.i
+ ( )
2
:=
Lift force
Drag force F
D.i.
( )
1
2

sw
g
D
tot.i
C
D.i
U
s.i
cos ( ) U
D.i
+ ( )
2
:=
Inertia force F
I.i.
( )
D
tot.i
2
4

sw
g
C
M
A
s.i
sin ( ) :=
Required submerged weight W
s.i.
( )
F
D.i.
( ) F
I.i.
( ) + ( )
i
F
L.i.
( ) +

(
(

F
w.i
:=
W
req.i.
( ) max W
s.i.
( ) ( ) :=
W
req.i.
( ) 8.488
kg
m
=
SF
w.i
W
tot.i
W
req.i.
( )
:= SF
w.i
1.938 =
LS
i
"OK!" SF
w.i
1 if
"Enlarge concrete coating thickness" SF
w.i
1 < if
:= LS
i
"OK!" =
LATERAL STABILITY
2.2.2 Operation Condition
2.2.2.1 Water Particle Velocity Calculation Caused by Wave Induced Velocity
Periode referensi T
n
d
g
:= T
n
2.672s =
Peakedness parameter

o
T
p.o
H
s.o
:=
o
6.957
s
m
0.5
=

o
5
o
3.6
sec
m
if
1
o
5
sec
m
if
3.3 otherwise
:=
o
1 =

Figure 2.1 Significant water velocity, U
s
*
(DNV RP E305)
Water particle velocity
(Wave induced)
T
n
T
p.o
0.243 =
U
s.o
0.12 H
s.o

T
n
:= U
s.o
0.112
m
s
=

Figure 2.2 Zero-up crossing period, T
u
(DNV RP E305)
Zero-up crossing period T
u.o
1.08 T
p.o
:= T
u.o
11.88s =
2.2.2.2 Average Velocity on Pipeline
Velocity on 90% depth U
r.o
0.33
m
s
=
Besarnya arus yang melewati pipa dipengaruhi oleh jenis tanah seabed dimana pipa diletakkan.
dalam hal tanah merupakan tanah clay, maka kekasaran tanah diabaikan, sehingga U
D.i
= U
r.i
U
D.o
U
r.o
0.33
m
s
= :=
2.2.2.3 Simplified Static Stability Method
Wave particle acceleration A
s.o
2
U
s.o
T
u.o
:= A
s.o
0.059
m
s
2
=
K
o
U
s.o
T
u.o

D
tot.o
:= K
o
3.232 =
Keilegan-Carpenter number
Wave - current velocity ratio M
o
U
D.o
U
s.o
:= M
o
2.939 =
2.2.2.3.1 Hydrodynamics coefficient
Reynold's number Re
o
U
D.o
U
s.o
+ ( )
v
D
tot.o
:= Re
o
1.826 10
5
=
Drag coefficient C
D.o
1.2 Re
o
3 10
5
< M
o
0.8 if
0.7 otherwise
:= C
D.o
1.2 =
Lift coefficient C
L
0.9 :=
Inertia coefficient C
M
3.29 :=
2.2.2.3.2 Calibration Factor

Figure 5.12 Calibration factor, F
w
, as function of K and M (DNV RP E305)
Calibration factor F
w
1 :=
2.2.2.3.3 Seabed Soil Factor

Figure 5.11 Recommended friction factors for clay (DNV RP E305)
ratio
o
D
tot.o
S
u

W
tot.o
g
:= ratio
o
1.016 =
Soil friction factor
o
1.3 :=
2.2.2.4 Lateral Stability Calculation
Hydrodynamic forces and Required submerged weight
i 0 180 .. :=
phase angle range

i
i deg :=
F
L.o.
( )
1
2

sw
g
D
tot.o
C
L
U
s.o
cos ( ) U
D.o
+ ( )
2
:=
Lift force
Drag force F
D.o.
( )
1
2

sw
g
D
tot.o
C
D.o
U
s.o
cos ( ) U
D.o
+ ( )
2
:=
Inertia force F
I.o.
( )
D
tot.o
2
4

sw
g
C
M
A
s.o
sin ( ) :=
Required submerged weight W
s.o.
( )
F
D.o.
( ) F
I.o.
( ) + ( )
o
F
L.o.
( ) +

(
(

F
w
:=
W
req.o.
( ) max W
s.o.
( ) ( ) :=
W
req.o.
( ) 8.231
kg
m
=
SF
w.o
W
tot.o
W
req.o.
( )
:= SF
w.o
10.068 =
LS
o
"OK!" SF
w.o
1 if
"Enlarge concrete coating thickness" SF
w.o
1 < if
:= LS
o
"OK!" =
LATERAL STABILITY
Dapat dilihat pada bagian 1. Input, bahwa tebal concrete coating yang dimasukkan adalah t
cc
= 0 mm.
Pada perhitungan kestabilan vertikal, dapat dilihat nilai SG yang lebih dari 1, maka pipa dinyatakan stabil baik dalam kondisi instalasi
maupun operasi.
Pada perhitungan kestabilan lateral, dapat dilihat nilai SF yang lebih dari 1, maka pipa dinyatakan stabil baik dalam kondisi instalasi
maupun operasi.
Pernyataan kestabilan pipa dalam arah vertikal dan lateral tersebut diperoleh dalam kondisi tebal concrete coating = 0 mm, maka
disimpulkan bahwa pipa tidak memerlukan conrete coating. hal tersebut diperoleh dengan mengiterasi beberapa nilai tebal concrete
coating, hingga diambil kesimpulan tersebut di atas.