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ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ ΔΙΠΛΑ ΤΡΙΠΛΑ ΕΠΙΚΑΜΠΥΛΙΑ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΑΚΑ ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΩΜΑΤΑ
ΑΣΚΗΣΕΙΣ ΔΙΠΛΑ ΤΡΙΠΛΑ ΕΠΙΚΑΜΠΥΛΙΑ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΕΙΑΚΑ ΟΛΟΚΛΗΡΩΜΑΤΑ
x2 y 2 )I DID = KF CEIJA J A >=@ JD? AEOD? 2 + 2 = 1 a b ID 6 IK E A >=@ JD? AEOD? = A =E J JAJH=F XIE J K A >=@ F K = JEIJ EGA IJ FH J JAJ=HJD HE F H A = KF C I K A J DJ A A >=@ A =H AJ ? JH F K? 6HAE? =F =KJ ? A =E E F=H= XJM = JH F ? -= GHDIE F E I K A =HJAIE= ? IK JAJ=C A? J A >=@ E = @ AJ=E =F J @EF HM = 2 2
a b
E = 4
D a
dxdy =
x=0 y =0
1 x2
a
dxdy = 4
x=0
1 x2
a
dy dx
y =0
= 4b
x=0
1
= GHDIE
x2 a dx = 4b = ab 2 a 4
E ? IK JAJ=C A? A J F=H= XJM AJ=IGD
=JEI
> JH F ?
F E I K AF
x = cos ,
6= HE= HMID? = J= >H
y = sin ,
A =F JD FH B=
dxdy = dd
IK D
x2 y 2 + 2 10 a2 b
F K A = JE =JXIJ=ID =E AJX =F AHE ? FHXNAE? >H I K A
6 A >=@ = A =E J H=
/2 = =0 /2 =0
ab b2 cos2 + a2 sin2
E = 4
=0
d d
= 2a2 b2
b2
cos2
1 2 2 = ab 2 d = 2a b 2 2ab + a sin
,E=FEIJ K A JE A J K? @ F=H=FX M JH F K? D @KI = CCAEJA IJ KF CEI J K DH =J ? M? FH ? x = JH F ? =E M? FH ? > JH F ? -B=H J=? M? J F=H= XJM AJ=IGD =JEI KF CEI ? J K A >=@ =F KIJA AJ=E ID = JE X C JH F ? = GHDIE F E I K A FX E F E ? IK JAJ=C A? A J F=H= XJM M? AJ=IGD =JEI x = a cos , y = b sin , dxdy = abdd 6= HE= HMID? = J= >H A =F JD FH B= IK D
x2 y 2 + 2 10 a2 b
F K A = JE =JXIJ=ID =E AJX =F
K A
1
6 A >=@ = A =E J H=
/2 =1
E=4
=0 =0
abd d = 4ab
1 2
/2
d = 2ab
=0
= ab 2
AA = HM =
7F @AEND FM? = @A N K A IJ # ABX =E J F=H=FX M A >=@ F H = J KF C I K A AB=H J=? J J F J K Green = XCM J=? JIE J @EF IA = AEIJ AFE = F E HM =
)I DID
= KF
CEI A J @EF
I=
D
HM =
(1 x2 y 2 )1/2 dxdy
1 x 2
+y =
1 2
E ? IK JAJ=C
A? A =E
x = cos ,
y = sin ,
0 cos ,
2 2
DHMJ = IK XHJDID A =E IK
=cos =0
I =
D
(1 x y )
/2
2 1/2
/2
dxdy = 2
=0
(1 2 )1/2 d d
= 2
=0
/2 =0 /2 =0
1 3
=cos =0
d 1 2
3/2
d 2 3
/2 =0
2 3 2 = 3 =
| sin |3 1 d
21 3 4 (4 3 ) = 36 9
? A =E F=H= XJM
x=
=E J JA J
1 + cos , 2
y = sin ,
HB
1 0 , 2
0 2
HM = = GAE JD
I =
D 2
(1 x2 y 2 )1/2 dxdy
1/2 =0
=
=0
3 2 cos 4
1/2
d d
6 F=H=FX M M? HM = F HA IA IG ID A J FH DC A HM = = GAE = ANXHDJA? M? FH ? JD HMID JE? AJ=> DJ ? =E = X AN=EJA =? JD? DHMJ =? 1 / 2 3 2 cos A =E @KI JAH = KF CEIJA KF CEI ? J K IK XHJDID? 4 =B AJ=E I= XI DID
)I DID ! = KF CEIJA C ? J K IJAHA F K H AJ=E A J ? J K F=H=> AE@ ? x2 + y 2 = az A J ? J K K @H K x2 + y 2 = 2ax =E FX M =F J AF FA@ xOy ID FM? B= AJ=E IJ IG = J E @H I AFX AE D AFEBX AE= J K F=H=> AE@ ?
A J F J F ? HMID? D A =E D >XID J K K F HA AJX =F AHE ? FHXNAE? = CH=BA @H K 0 = F D F K FAHE>X AE J
x2 + y 2 = 2ax = (x a)2 + y 2 = a2
- =? =JX D ? AJ=IGD =JEI ? IA F E ? IK JAJ=C A? A =E = K ?
x = cos ,
5K AF ? C ? J K IJAHA
y = sin ,
0 2a cos ,
HM =
2 2
= @ AJ=E =F J
I =
D
x2 + y 2 dxdy = a
/2 =/2
1 = a
1 2 dd a G 2a cos 11 3 d d = (2a)4 a4 =0
3
/2 =/2
cos4 d
= 16a3
3 3a = 8 2
z =x+y
C ? J K F=H=FX M IJAHA FAHE H AJ=E =F FX M =F JD AFEBX AE= z = x + y =E =F XJM =F J AF FA@ Oxy -F ID? C ? FH >X AJ=E IJ J F D F K A =E J J XJE J K K E @ I K x2 + y 2 = a2 F K >H I AJ=E IJ FH J C@ D HE = GHDIE F I K A F E ? IK JAJ=C A? A J= = J IJ EG= HE= @D =@
x = cos ,
C ? J K IJAHA KF
y = sin ,
dxdy = dd,
0 a,
C AJ=E M? ANA ?
=
D a
(x + y )dxdy =
G
=
=0
d
=0
/2
)I DID #
= KF
CEIJA J
HM =
(x 2y )dxdy
D
F K D
x2 a2
J F ? F K FAHE
A AJ=E =F J
!
x2 + y 2 = R 2
JD
AEOD
y2 b2
=1
(x 2y )dxdy
Dc
(x 2y )dxdy
? D EXN A? DH =J ? Ie
F K De =E Dc E FAHE G ? F K FAHE A J=E =F JD AEOD =E J K? AJE =E J =E J K? AJE ? D EXN A? /E= J KF CEI J K AFE C K A JD F=H= AJH F DID
I =
De
(x 2y )dxdy
Dc
(x 2y )dxdy
=
De
=
=0
a2 b2 cos dd 2 cos dd R R 2 3 3
3 3
/2 =0 /2 =0
1 =0 R =0
/2
=0 2
a b 2b a 3 3
ab R3 (a 2b) + 3 3
J=? =JX D = J
I=
D
Q P x y
dxdy =
c
P dx + Qdy
) AFE N K A M? AEIJ = F D IJF FH J JAJ=HD HE FX J= =KJ F K =F JA A J=E =F JE? FAHEB HAEA? JD? AEOD? =E J K K =E =F J K? XN A? x = 0 =E y = 0 =E AF ID? AFE N K A P = y 2 xy =E Q = 0 = G K A
I=
D
Q P x y
dxdy =
D
(x 2y )dxdy =
c
(y 2 2x)dx
Green 5 . Green
"
0 = F D FX M IJD F = KF C AJ=E J HM = FAHE = >X AE JE? ce cc x = 0 =E y = 0 2H B= ? M? J= DH =J= IJ K? XN A? x = 0 =E y = 0 @A IK AEIB H K =B D F I JDJ= P D@A AJ=E FX M IA =KJ ? )F AE KF CEI ? FX M IJE? FAAEB HAE? JD AEOD? =E J K K -FE C K A = J IJ EG= JE? F=H= XJM F=H= AJH F E IAE?
2 2
I =
c
(y 2 2x)dx =
ce /2
(y 2 2x)dx +
cc
(y 2 2x)dx
=
=0 0
b2 sin2 ab cos sin (a sin )d R2 sin2 2R2 cos sin (R sin )d = ab R3 (a 2b) + 3 3
+
=/2 2
R 3 2R 3 2b a a2 b + + + 3 3 3 3
0 (x 1)2 + y 2 = 1 F ? FAHE A AJ=E =F JE? AFEBX AEA? z1 = z = 0 =F z2 = z = x =F FX M 2H B= ? D FH > J K J F K D IJ AF FA@ xy A =E 2 2 @ I ? (x 1) + y = 1 = G K A IK AF ? V =
D
)I DID $ = KF CEIJA C ? J K IJAHA F K H AJ=E =F JE? 2 2 AFEBX AEA? x + y 2x = 0, z = x, z 0 ID C ? J K IJAHA A J F AJ=E IJ AIMJAHE J K K @H K x2 + y 2 2x =
XJM =E K E ?
(z2 z1 )dxdy =
D
xdxdy
A? A =E AN ?
- =? =JX D
? AJ=IGD =JEI
? IA F
E ? IK JAJ=C
0 1, 0 2
? IK AF ? = @ AJ=E =F J @EF HM =
=
D 2
xdxdy =
G 1
(1 + cos )dd
2 1
=
=0
d
=0
d +
=0
cos d
=0
2 d = + 0 =
IA F E ?
7F @AEND IK JAJ=C
F H A?
A = GHDIE
F E I K A =E J
F K IA =KJ JD FAH FJMID J= HE= @A A =E FH B= =E KF C J=E M? AN ? = )F JD AN IMID J K K E @ I K =E =F=EJ J=? 0 (x 1)2 + y 2 1 = G K A 0 2 cos =E AF ID? > =F=EJ J=? = 2 cos = 0 = G K A = =E XH= 2 2 2 6 HM = F C AJ=E
/2 2 cos
=
D /2
xdxdy =
G
( cos )dd =
=/2 /2 =/2
d
=0
2 d
=
=/2
8 1 (2 cos )3 cos d = 3 3
cos4 d =
8 3 = 3 8
x y z + 2 + 2 = 1 (a, b, c > 0) 2 a b c ID C ? F K FH FAE = KF CEIJA A =E J @EF XIE J K C K F K >H I AJ=E IJD FAHE G z 0 0 FH > AF ID? J K A AEO AE@ ? IJ AF FA@ xy = A =E D AEOD x2 y 2 + 2 =1 C ?F K K A = KF C I K A FAHE A AJ=E J H= =F JE? AFEBX AEA? a2 b x2 y 2 z1 = z = 0 =F XJM =E z2 = c 1 2 2 =F FX M =E DJ A ? C ? = a b @ AJ=E =F J @EF HM =
)I DID % C
= KF
CEI A ?
2
?J KA
AEO AE@
A JD
2
GH ID @EF
DH
=J ?
V =2
D
(z2 z1 )dxdy = 2
D
x2 y 2 2 dxdy a2 b
F E J=? JD F=H= XJM
0 1,
= G K A
0 2
= 2
D
c
2
1 d
x2 y 2 2 dxdy = 2c a2 b
1 =0
2 =0
1 2 abdd
=0
= 2abc
=0
1 2 d = 2abc 2
1 4abc = 3 3
6412 )
= KF CEIJA J
I=
V
049 )6)
HM =
x2 + y 2 + z 2 dxdy dz
)I DID
x = cos ,
6
y = sin ,
z = z,
dxdy dz = ddz d
HM = J H= CHXBAJ=E
I=
VG
2 + z 2 ddz d
FM? B= AJ=E =F J IG = J= HE= J K A =E 0 <= <= z =E AF ID? = J IJ EG= CE= J z =E JD CM = A =E 0 < z < 3 =E 0 < < 2 5K AF ? J HM = CHXBAJ=E
2 3 z =0 z
I=
=0 =0
2 + z 2 ddz d
HM = M? FH ? @ AE
z
I =
=0
z2
1 d = (2 + z 2 )3/2 3
K A JE
3
z =0
z3 = (2 2 1) 3
HMID? z =E A =E
E AJ=> DJ ?
1 I = (2 2 1) 3
1 81 27 (2 2 1) d z dz = (2 2 1)2 = 3 4 2 =0 z =0
2 3
IV =
V
dxdy dz
=B = HEIJ J= HE= HMID? C ? FAHE>X AJ=E =F JE? AFEBX AEA? z = 0 =E 1 z = 3 (4 x 2y ) =E AF ID? FH >X AJ=E IJ AF FA@ Oxy IJD JHECM E AFEBX AE= Dxy F K FAHE A AJ=E =F JE? AK A A? x = 0 y = 0 =E x + 2y = 4 6 HM = IK AF ? C AJ=E 1 (4x2y ) 3 1 IV = dz dxdy = (4 x 2y ) dxdy Dxy z =0 Dxy 3 %
6 @EF HM = FX M IJD AFEBX AE= Dxy F K FH FJAE KF C AJ=E AMH J=? JE J= HE= J K y =E J K x A =E = J IJ EG= = AFE N K A BKIE X FH J= JD HMID M? FH ? y 0 < y < (4 x)/2 =E 0 < x < 4 @D =@ A =E
IV
= =
1 3 1 3
4 x=0 4
(4x)/2
(4 x 2y ) dy dx
y =0
(4 2x +
x=0
x2 1 16 )dx = = 16 4 3 3
)I DID ! = >HA A C ? J K IJAHA F K FAHE A AJ=E =F J= AF FA @= y + z = 4 x = 0 z = 0 =E J E @H y = x2 ID DJ A ? C ? B= AJ=E IJ IG = C ? =KJ ? FAHE A AJ=E F=HXF AKH=
I =
D 2
dxdy dz =
D 4 z =0 2
dy dxdy =
D
(4 y )dxdy dx = 128 15
=
x=0 y =x2
(4 y )dy dx =
x=0
8 4x2 +
x4 2
= KF
CEIJA
?J KA
AEO AE@
x2 y 2 z 2 + 2 + 2 =1 a2 b c
JAJ=C
ID /E= J
A?
KF
CEI
J K C
K = GHDIE
x2 y 2 z 2 0 2 + 2 + 2 1 0 r 1, a b c
C ? KF C AJ=E M? AN ?
0 ,
0 2
I =
V 1
dV =
G
= abc
r=0
r dr
=0
sin d
=0
d = abc
4 1 2 2 = abc 3 3
A AJ=E =F
K A = KF C I K A B= AJ=E IJ IG = 2AHE A AJ=E =F XJM x2 + y 2 =E =F FX M =F JD z2 = y + 3 0 FH > J K F=H=FX M =F JD AFEBX AE= z1 = 4 C K IJ AF FA@ xy FAHE A AJ=E =F JD = F D A A D F K FH FJAE =F JD =F= AEB J K z = X AI= IJE? @ F=H=FX M AFEBX AEA? =E A =E K E ? @ I ? x2 + (y 2)2 = 42 C ? KF C AJ=E J H= =F J HM =
y +3
ID
?F K
=
V
ddxdy dz =
D
z= x
2 +y 2 4
dz
dxdy
=
D
y+3
x2 + y 2 4
DH
dxdy
=J ? = GHDIE F E I K A JE? F=H= XJM
0 4,
6 H= = G K A
0 2
1 5 + sin (2 + 4 + 4 sin ) dd 4 G 2 4 2 2 dd = d d = 4 4 4 4 =0 =0 G = 2 16 = 32 =
HMID
? J K IJAHA
z>0
z 2 = x2 + y 2 ,
= GHDIE
ID -FAE@
C ?F K K A = KF C I K A A =E J F E I K A IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K
= IB= H=? A =E FH JE
JAH
=E A =E FH B= 1 r 4,
@D =@
0 2.
6= HE= JD? CM =? KF CM = a J K
J=E M? AN ? 6
'
5K AF ? 0
? KF
C AJ=E F
=F J
HM =
=
V 4
dV =
G /4
r2 sin drdd
2
=
r=1
r2 dr 1
sin d
=0 =0
d 2)
= 21
2 2
2 = 21 (4
)I DID %
= KF
CEI A J
I=
V
HM =
x2 + y 2 dxdy dz
z 2 = x2 + y 2
FM? B= AJ=E IJ IG = FAHE A AJ=E F XCE= a 2 a =F XJM =F JD =F JD K @HE AFEBX AE= x2 + y 2 = ax (x )2 + y 2 = 2 2 AFEBX AE= z = 0 =E =F FX M =F JD z = x2 + y 2 0 FH > J K C K IJ AF FA@ xy 2 a a 2 6 HM = J H= C AJ=E A =E K E ? @ I ? (x ) + y 2 = 2 2
x2 +y 2
HMID?
I =
V
x2
y 2 dxdy dz
=
D z =0
x2 + y 2 dz
dxdy
=
D
(x2 + y 2 )dxdy
J K @EF DH =J ? = GHDIE F E I K AF E ? IK JAJ=C A?
/E= J F K
KF
CEI
0 x2 + y 2 ax 0 a cos ,
6 H= J HM = C AJ=E
0 2
I = = a 4
D 4
(x2 + y 2 )dxdy =
G 2 =0
2 dd =
4
2 =0
a cos =0
3 d d
cos4 d =
3a 16
)I DID & = KF CEIJA C ? J K IJAHA F K H AJ=E ANMJAHE X 2 2 2 J K K x + y = z =E AIMJAHE X JD? IB= H=? x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 2 ID C ? F K K A = KF C I K A A =E CM IK AJH =? J @EF XIE J K
C K F K KFXHGAE IJD FAHE G z 0 -JIE = AHC=IJ A IA =KJ JD FAHE G =E IK E ? C ? = = JEIJ EGA IJ @EF XIE =KJ J K C K -FAE@ C ?F K K A = KF C I K A A =E J = IB= H=? A =E FH JE JAH = GHDIE F E I K A IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K
r =E A =E FH B= 1 r 2,
@D =@
0 2.
6= HE= JD? CM =? KF C J=E M? AN ? 6 A XGEIJ IJD FAHE G J K C K F K =? A @E=B HAE JD? CM =? = JEIJ EGA IJD CM = a J K K D F = @ AJ=E =F JD IG ID 2 2 x +y tan a = = =1a= 5K AF ? C ? KF C AJ=E F 4 z z 4 =F J HM =
=
V 2
dV =
G
r2 sin drdd
2
d
=0
IK
? C
? = A =E Vall = 2V =
CEIJA
A AB=H
x2
8 3
C J K AMH
=J ? J K Green J
I=
c
y x dx + 2 dy 2 +y x + y2
x2
y , + y2
Q=
x2
x + y2
P y 2 x2 Q = = 2 . x y (x + y 2 )2
-JIE I BM = A JD AMH = JM F =F X IK FX M IG ID F H A = KF CI K A J F EI@DF JA AEIJD? CH= ? F K FAHE GAE J J KF C IK A =J= ? JD? FAHEB HAE=? J -JIE X J=? JD F=H= AJH F ID J K A JE J FM IJ K? F K? EIG AE D F=H= AEIJ AFE = F E HM = =J= ? ID A 0, 0 -FE C K A CE= F=HX@AEC = = K K x2 + y 2 = a 2 K IA F E ? IK JAJ=C A? = G K A
x = a cos ,
y = a sin
=E AF ID? 6
Q=
a cos a2
2
I=
0
=0
0
! -21 ) 27 1)
= =J AK A = > AB=H ID J=? J J F J K Green
K F HA
049 )6)
= KF CEIJA J
= 0 FAHEB HAE= J K
= F=H= AJH F ED A
AJ
C MIJ JH F M? ANA ?
x = a cos t,
=E IK AF ? J
y = a sin t,
x = a sin t,
y = a cos t,
0 <= t <= 2
HM = CHXBAJ=E
I = =
x2 y dx + xy 2 dy
t=2 t=0
(a cos t)2 (a sin t)(a sin t) + (a cos t)(a sin t)2 (a cos t) dt cos2 t sin2 tdt = a4 2
t=2 t=0
= 2a 4 a4 = 4
t=2 t=0 4
sin2 (2t)dt
> E IK =HJ IAE? P (x, y ) = x2 y =E Q(x, y ) = xy 2 A =E IK AGA ? A IK AGA ? AHE ? F=H=C C K? =E AF ID? Q P = x2 , = y2 y x -B=H J=? J A HD = J K Green IJD AEIJ = F D c F K FAHE>X AE JD AFEBX AE= K E @I K A = J = a = G K A
I = =
x2 y dx + xy 2 dy =
Dxy
(xy 2 ) (x2 y ) x y
a
dxdy
(y 2 + x2 )dxdy =
Dxy a t=0,2 2
2 ddt
=0
=
=0
3 d
dt =
t=0
a 2
5J F=H=FX M
HM = AB=H
I= A AJ=JH F IA F
E ? IK JAC
A? @D =@
x = cos t,
y = sin t,
dxdy = ddt
)I DID
= KF
CEIJA J
I=
HM =
ydx + xdy x2 + y 2
= =JX
K AB A
HKB ? J= ID A =
E IK =HJ IAE?
A = AB=H
I K AJ
Q P y 2 x2 = = 2 x y (x + y 2 )2
5K AF ? A =E
I=
ydx + xdy = x2 + y 2
Dxy
Q P x y
dxdy =
Dxy
0=0
> 5J AIMJAHE J K K E @ I K KFXHGAE J ID A (x, y ) = (0, 0) F K E IK =HJ IAE? P =E Q @A H J=E 5JD FAH FJMID =KJ @A F H A = AC=H K A J A HD = J K Green =E FH FAE = KF C I K A J AFE = F E HM = -FAE@ J H= Q P A = AFE N K A F E=@ F JA AEIJ = F D F K FAH IK >= AE = A =E x = y F H E GAE M? J = = ID A (x, y ) = (0, 0) 0 FAHEB HAE= J K K x2 + y 2 = a2 A =E E= @K =J FAH FJMID =E A =E =F JE? FH JE JAHA? AN=EJA =? JD? A D? F=H= AJH F ID? JD? = X FM? = @ K A =E F=H= XJM JD? =F F DID? JM IK =HJ IAM P =E Q -JIE = G K A
x = a cos t,
=E IK AF ? J
y = a sin t,
x = a sin t,
y = a cos t,
0 <= t <= 2
HM = CHXBAJ=E
I = =
ydx + xdy = x2 + y 2
2 t=0 2 2
2 t=0
dt = 2
!
C 0 = F D x2 + y 2 +4x +3 = 0 CHXBAJ=E AF ID? (x +2)2 + y 2 = 1 F=HEIJX AE FAHEB HAE= K = J =? 1 A JH J ID A (x, y ) = (2, 0) FM? A = @E=FEIJ K A F=H=FX M K ? @ I ? FAHE GAE J = = ID A (x, y ) = (0, 0) A@ @ M? Q P JE EIG AE x = y F H A = AFE N K A F E=@ F JA AEIJ = F D F K FAHE GAE J ID A (x, y ) = (0, 0) E= J JAE= = F D A =E D FAHEB HAE= x2 + y 2 = a2 JD? FAH FJMID? > 5K AF ? J HM = = A =E
c:x2 +y 2 +4x+3=0
ydx + xdy = x2 + y 2
c:x2 +y 2 =a2
ydx + xdy = 2 x2 + y 2
)I DID ! 7F
C IJA J
I=
HM =
(2xy x2 )dx + (x + y 2 )dy
=J ? F DH JE? FH KF IAE? J K AMH =J ? Green =E AFEF G K A Q = x 1 =E P = 2 x 6 AFE = F E HM= AJ=JH FAJ=E IA = @EF HM = A J F y HMID? Dxy JD FAHE G F K FAHE>X AJ=E =F JE? F=H=> ? y = x2 =E x = y 2 =E IK AF ? A HE= 0 < x < 1, x2 < y < x -JIE = G K A DH
F K c A =E D AEIJ = F D F K IGD =J AJ=E =F JE? F=H=> ? y = x2 =E x = y2 ID E IK =HJ IAE? P (x, y ) = 2xy x2 =E Q(x, y ) = x + y 2 J K F=H=FX M
I = =
x=0
Q P x y
dxdy
(1 2x)dy dx =
y =x2 x=0
11 105
= AF= D AKJA
I=
J F ? J K Green CE= J
(x2 xy 3 )dx + (y 2 2xy )dy
HM =
(0, 2)
F K c A =E J JAJHXCM ID
AFE = F E
"
=6 AFE = F E
HM = =J=
? J K JAJH=C
K )*/, CHXBAJ=E
I =
c:OAB O
= +
c:AB
+ +
c:O
-FAE@ D DID FAHE AJHE X J K JAJH=C K C AJ== F=HHX D = JM =N M Ox =E Oy F H A AK = = KF C I K A J= F=H=FX M DH =J= AMH J=? CE= F=HX@AEC = JE =JX ? J K XN = Ox D AJ=> DJ y F=H= AE IJ= AH =E AJ=>X AJ=E Dx -JIE = G K A
I =
c:OA
(x2 xy 3 )dx +
c:AB
+
c:B 2
=
x=0 0
(y 2(2)y )dy
+
x=2
(y 2 2(0)y )dy
8 16 40 8 = + =8 3 3 3 3
> = >X J=? KF OD JE
P (x, y ) = x2 xy 3 ,
=E AF ID? JE
Q(x, y ) = y 2 2xy
P = 3xy 2 , y
J AFE = F E
Q = 2y, x
Q P = 2y + 3xy 2 x y
A HD = Green
HM = CHXBAJ=E I
BM = A J
I = =
Q P x y
dxdy
(4 + 8x)dx = 8
ID
6 A >=@
FM? A =E C MIJ =F JD
AMH = @ AJ=E =F JD IG ID
S=
1 2
y dx + xdy
c
S = S1 + S2 =
1 2
y dx + xdy +
c1
1 2
y dx + xdy
c2
H K
c1 = {x = t, y = t2 ,
=E IK AF ? = G K A
1 t 2}
S1 =
1 2 1 = 2
y dx + xdy =
c1 t=2 t=1
1 2
t=2
y
t=1
dx dx +x dt dt
t=2
dt 3 2
t2 (1) + t(2t) dt =
1 2
t2 dt =
t=1
1 t 2}
S1 =
1 2 1 = 2
dx dx +x dt dt dt c1 t=1 t=2 1 t=1 ((t + 2)(1) + t(1)) dt = 2dt = 3 2 t=0 t=1 y dx + xdy = 1 2 y
t=2
5K
E X IK AF ? = G K A
S = S1 + S2 =
9 3 +3= 2 2
AE=
=JX
D M
AFE = F
EM
Dxy = (x, y ) R2 : x2 + y 2 52 ,
x2 y 2 + 1 42 32
A >=@
ID
6 A >=@ F K K A = KF J K K E @ I K =E S2 J A >=@ $
C I K A = A =E S = S1 S2 F K S1 J JD? AEOD?
- >=@
S1 -B=H
J=? J
J F J K Green C MH
K A JE
S1 =
1 2
y dx + xdy
E @I K = A =E
x = 5 cos t, y = 5 sin t,
IK AF ? = A =E
2
0 t 2
S1 =
t=0
=
- >=@
25dt = 25
t=0
S2 6 A >=@
J F
x = 4 cos t, y = 3 sin t,
IK AF ? = A =E
2
0 t 2
S1 =
t=0
1 = 2
12dt = 12
t=0
5K AF ? IK E X = A =E S = S1 S2 = 25 12 = 13
HM =
(2xy y 4 + 3)dx + (x2 4xy 3 )dy
A
I=
C
= KF ID
CEI A D JE
J K
%
DH
=J ? I
= )H A
= @A N K A JE
Q x
P y
2HXC =JE G K A AB I
P (x, y ) = 2xy y 4 + 3,
JE
Q(x, y ) = x2 4xy 3
Q P = = 2x 4y 3 x y > -B I FM? @A N= A F=H=FX M J HM = A =E = AN=HJDJ J K @H K 4 2 3 KFXHGAE IK XHJDID U (x, y ) J JAE= IJA dU = (2xy y + 3)dx + (x 4xy )dy -FEF AFAE@ CA E JAH= A =E U U dU (x, y ) = dx + dy x y IK FAH= K A JE U U = 2xy y 4 + 3, = x2 4xy 3 x y = G K A J H= U x = 2xy y 4 + 3 U =
5KC H
U C (y ) = x2 4xy 3 + y y
@D KFXHG KI= = FH FAE = A =E
J=? JD F=H=FX M IG ID A JD
C (y ) =0 y
@D =@ D IK XHJDID C A =E E= =K = HAJD IJ= AHX )H= = G K A U (x, y ) = yx2 xy 4 + 3x + C 0 IK XHJDID U (x, y ) F HA = KF CEIJA A = = JE X =F J F=H= XJM HM =
B (x,y )
U (x, y ) =
A(1,0)
AMH
J=? J A @EX AI ID A
B (x,y )
U (x, y ) = =
A(1,0) B (x,y )
A(1,0) K (x,0)
+
K (x,0)
C 6
HM = CHXBAJ=E AF ID?
B
I =
A B
=
A
6 F=H=FX M ID A K (2, 0) 6
B
HM = F HA = KF CEIJA A = HM = = CHXBAJ=E F
= JE X
AMH
J=? J
A @EX AI
I =
A
(2xy y 4 + 3)dx + (x2 4xy 3 )dy (2xy y 4 + 3)dx + (x2 4xy 3 )dy
K B 1 y =0
=
AK 2
=
x=1
=
=E
d =
6 HM = J H= KF
1+(
C AJ=E M? AN ?
I =
S
F d =
Dxy
(18z i 12j + 3y k )
6
2 x 43
1 (2i + 3j + 6k ) 7
7 dxdy 6
=
Dxy
(6 2x)dxdy =
x=0
(6 2x)dxdy = 24
y =0
> JH F ? 6
HM = F HA AF ID? = CH=BA M? AN ?
I = ()
Dyz
18z dy dz + ()
Dxz
(12)dxdz + ()
Dxy
3y dxdy
F K Dyz Dxz =E Dxy A =E E FH > ? JD? AFEBX AE=? S = J IJ EG= IJ= AF FA@= yz xz =E xy 5A X A = FAH FJMID E = J IJ EG E J F E =E J= = J IJ EG= FH ID = = A =E
y, z 0, x, z 0, x, y 0,
'
=E J
HM = F
KF
4
C AJ=E M? AN ?
2 y 2 z =0
x 4 23
I =
y =0 6
18z dy dz +
x=0
3 x 3 z =0
(12)dxdz
+
x=0
3y dxdy = 48 72 + 48 = 24
HM = AB=H J=? = J J F JK
y =0
C IAJA J
)I DID ' = KF CEIJA J AEIJ HM = 2 2 2 2 IJD AFEBX AE= JD? IB= H=? x + y + z = a = 9? AFEAFAEBX AE HM = = J F K > A JD > ID AE= J K J F K J K Gauss
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )d
FX M
x = a cos sin ,
A HE=
y = a sin sin , 0 ,
z = a cos , 0 2
d = a2 sin dd
-JIE = G K A
I = = a4
> 5 BM = A J
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )d =
S G 2
a2 a2 sin dd
sin d
=0 =0
d = a4 2 2 = 4a4
J F J K Gauss G K A
F d =
S V
divF dV
5KC H J=? J FH J ? JD? F=H=FX M IG ID? A J HM = F K G K A = KF C I K A IK FAH= K A JE = FH FAE D IK XHJDID F = E = F EA JD IG ID F = (x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) -FAE@ J H= CE= (x, y, z ) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 a2 = 0 = G K A JE
= 2xi + 2y j + 2z k,
|= 2a,
1 xi + y j + z k a
F=H=FX M J F
I =
S
F d =
V
divF dV = 3a
a r=0
dxdy dz
V 2
= 3a
G
r2 sin drdd = 3a
r2 dr
sin d
=0 =0
4 = 3a a3 2 2 = 4a4 3
)I DID
= >HA A D H
J K @E= KI =JE
= -G K A = KF C I K A J AFEAFAEBX AE HM = I = F d 6 S HM = =KJ F HA = KF CEIJA A = GHDIE F E J=? K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C -JIE D AFEBX AE= J K K @H K F=H= AJH F EA J=E M? ANA ?
A?
x = 2 cos ,
A HE=
y = 2 sin , 0 2,
z = z, 0z1
d = 2ddz
= 2xi + 2y j,
J HM = = CHXBAJ=E
|= 4 ,
1 xi + y j 2
I =
S
F d =
S
1 2 x + y 2 d 2
2 1
=
G
1 4 2ddz = 4 2
d
=0 z =0
dz = 8
> 5JD FAH FJMID =KJ E = F E J=E J= HEJ HE= J K AMH =J ? J K Gauss F K G K A JD AEIJ AFEBX AE= S F K =F JA AEJ=E =F JD K E @HE AFEBX AE= =E JE? AFEBX AEA? JM AFEF @M z = 0 =E z = 1 = GHDIE F E I K A K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K > >=E= A =E x = cos , y = sin , z = z, dV = dddz A HE=
0 2,
-JIE I BM = A J
0 2,
0z1
J F J K Gauss J
HM = = A =E
I =
S
F d =
V
divF dV (1 + z ) dddz
G
=
S 2
(1 + 1 + 2z ) dV = 2
2 1
= 2
=0
d
=0
d
z =0
(1 + z )dz = 2 2 2
3 = 12 2
049 )6)
= AF= D AKJA J F ? J K Stokes CE= J @E= KI =JE FA@ F = z i + xj + y k F K D AFEBX AE= S A =E J X M D EIB= HE JD? IB= H=?
= FH FAE = @A N K A JE
I=
c
F dr =
S
rotF nd
= 7F CEI ? J K AFE = F E K DH =J ? 6 AFE = F E HM = C AJ=E =JX ? JD? = F D? c D F = >H I AJ=E F= M IJ AF FA@ Oxy =E J=KJ AJ=E A JD FAHEB HAE= J K K x2 + y 2 = 1 - JA J=? JD F=H= AJH F DID
x = cos t,
=E = >X =J? KF OD JE =J=
y = sin t,
dx = sin t, dt
dy = cos t dt
? JD? c A =E z = 0 = G K A
2
I =
c
F dr =
c 2
z (t)
dy dz dx +x +y dt dt dt dt
2
=
t=0
cos2 tdt =
> 7F = >X
DH
=J ?
rotF = (1 0)i + (1 0)j + (1 0)k = i + j + k ii AF ID? JE CE= (x, y, z ) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 1 = 0 = G K A = 2xi + 2y j + 2z k, iii =E JE CE= z = 1 x2 y 2 d =
= G K A IK E X
|= 2 ,
= xi + y j + z k
1+(
z 2 z 1 ) + ( )2 = dxdy x y z
I =
S
rotF nd =
Dxy
i + j + k xi + y j + z k
1 dxdy z
=
Dxy
=
Dxy
F K IJD F=H=FX M IG ID J F ? Dxy FH B= ? J=KJ AJ=E A J K E @ I FAH EB HAE=? x2 + y 2 = 1 5JE? FAHEFJ IAE? =KJ ? FM? IK D K A X K A AJ=JH F IA F E ? IK JAJ=C A? =E = G K A IK AF ?
x = cos t,
=E J HM = CHXBAJ=E F
I =
G
cos t + sin t +
1 2
=
G 1
=
=0 1
ddt ddt
2 t=0
cos t 1 2
ddt
+
=0 t=0
ddt = 0 + 0 + =
5K AF ? J
A HD = J K Stokes AF= D A JD A
)I DID , AJ=E D IK XHJDID F = 3yi xz j + yz 2 k =E D AFEBX AE= S A AN IMID z = (x2 + y2 )/2 -IJM c D = F D F K A =E D J JD? AFEBX AE=? S A J AF FA@ z = 2 = C AE AF= AKID J K J F K J K Stokes ID = FH FAE = AF= D A I K A JD IG ID
F dr =
c S
rotF nd
H =J ?
= 7F
CEI
? J K AFEAFAEBX AE K
i -G K A JE
= xi y j + k, iii =E JE d = 1+(
|=
x2 + y 2 + 1 ,
xi y j + k x2 + y 2 + 1
z 2 z ) + ( )2 dxdy = x y
x2 + y 2 + 1dxdy
= G K A IK
E X
I =
S
= =
Dxy
xi y j + k x2 + y 2 + 1
x2 + y 2 2 x2 + y 2 ) x + x2 + + 3 dxdy 2 2
F K IJ F=H=FX M HM = Dxy A =E D FH > JD? AFEBX AE=? S IJ AF FA@ Oxy =E D F = FAH=J AJ=E =F JD AEIJ = F D c F K FH FJAE =F JD =F= AEB J K z =F 2 2 JE? ANEI IAE? z = (x + y )/2 =E z = 2 ) IM? FH FJAE JE FH AEJ=E CE= FAHEB HAE= K A AN IMID x2 + y 2 = 22 X K A AJ=JH F IA F E ? IK JAJ=C A? =E = G K A IK AF ? x = cos t, y = sin t, dxdy = ddt =E J HM = CHXBAJ=E F
I =
G 2
=
t=0 2
z = 2 D F = IA
x = 2 cos t,
=E AF ID? A =E
y = 2 sin t,
z = 2, t [0, 2 ]
dx = 2 sin t, dt
2
dy = 2 cos t, dt
dz = 0
-JIE = G K A J H=
I =
c
F dr =
t=0 2
=
t=0
4 sin2 t + 8 =
4 sin2 tdt
8dt
t=0
= 4 16 = 20
"
)I DID ! = AF= D AKJA J F ? J K Stokes CE= JD @E= KI =JE 2 2 2 IK XHJDID F = y i + z j + x k =E JD AFEBX AE= S F K A =E J J = JD? AFEBX AE=? J K AFEF @ K z = x + 1 F K =F FJAE E @H ?
x2 + y 2 = 1
ID ID
= FH FAE = AF= D A I K A JD IG ID
F dr =
c S
rotF d
= 7F CEI ? J K AFEAFAEBX AE K H =J ? 0 AFEBX AE= J K AFEF @ K F K =F FJAJ=E =F J E @H FH >X AJ=EIJ AF FA@ Oxy 2 2 IJD AFEBX AE= Dxy F K A =E K E ? @I ? x +y =1 i -G K A JE rotF = 2z i 2xj 2y k, ii AF ID? CE= (x, y, z ) = z x 1 = 0
= i + k, iii =E JE d =
5K E X = G K A
|=
2,
i + k 2
1+(
z 2 z ) + ( )2 dxdy = 2dxdy x y
I =
S
= =
Dxy
i + k 2
2dxdy
= =
Dxy
2 dxdy +
Dxy
2xdxdy
Dxy
2y dxdy
3HDIE A HE=
F E
J=? F
E ? IK JAJ=C
A? F K
x = cos t,
y = sin t,
dxdy = ddt
0 1,
J F=H=FX M HM = = CHXBAJ=E
1 2
0 t 2
1 2
I = 2
=0 1
d 2 d
dt + 2
t=0 2 t=0 =0
d
t=0
cos tdt
2
=0
sin tdt = 2
#
AN IMID JD? = F
D?
I =
c
F dr =
2
y 2
dx dy dz + z 2 + x2 dt dt dt
dt
=
t=0
= 2
t=0
cos2 tdt = 2
)I DID " = KF CEI A A JHAE? @E=B HAJE ? JH F K? J AFE B= AE= HM = I = S z cos d F K S A =E D ANMJAHE AFEBX AE= JD? IB= H=? x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1 =E cos A =E D JH JD IK EIJ I= J K X AJ K IJD AFEBX AE= S =@E= K @E= I =J ? A =E D CM = F K IGD =J AE J A J XN = zz ID = JH F ? 3MH K A JD IB= H= IJ= @ D EIB= HE= S1 =E S2 = J IJ EG=
= E E @ AFEBX AE=? FH >X J=E FH B= ? IJ AF FA@ xy IJ x2 + y 2 = 1 = G K A AF ID? = J IJ EG= CE= JE? @ AFEBX AEA? K E @I
Dxy :
z=
1 x2 y 2
z = 1 x2 y 2
F K IJD FAH FJMID JD? AFEBX AE= S1 J FH ID (+) BA AJ=E IJ JE D CM = J K @E = I =J ? IGD =J AE NA = CM = A J @EX KI= k A IJD AFEBX AE= S2 J FH ID () BA AJ=E IJ JE D CM = J K @E= I =J ? IGD =J AE = > A = CM = A J @EX KI= k 6 HM = KF C AJ=E F M? AN ?
I =
S
z cos d =
S1
z cos d +
S2
z cos d 1 x2 y 2 dxdy 1 2 dd = 2 2 4 = 3 3
F=H= XJM
=
Dxy
1 x2 y 2 dxdy
Dxy
= 2
Dxy
1 x2 y 2 dxdy = 2
G
F E I K A IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C
A? =
J=? J
x = cos sin ,
y = sin sin ,
$
z = cos ,
d = 12 sin dd
A HE=
0 ,
-F ID? = G K A
0 2
=
6 HM = F A KF
= (xi + y j + z k ), || C AJ=E M? AN ? z 2 d =
S S 2
k =z
I =
S
z cos d =
2 =0 2
=
=0
cos sin dd =
=0
=0
C JH F ? F H A = KF AB I J AFEAFAEBX AE HM = F HA = CH=BA
CI K A J HM = AB=H J=? J J F J K Gauss HM = KF C AJ=E IJD AEIJ AFEBX AE= JD? IB= H=? 6 =E M? AN ?
I=
S
z cos d =
S
z k d =
S
z k d
BM = A J J F J K Gauss
) IJ F=H=FX M = G K A
HM = AMH I K A JE F = z k I
div F dV =
V S
F d
= >X
J=? KF OD JE divF = 1 = G K A
I =
S
z k d =
V
div z k dV =
V 1
dV
2
=
G
2 sin ddd = 1 4 2 2 = 3 3
d
=0 =0
sin d
=0
)I DID # = KF CEIJA J AFEB= AE= F K S D ANMJAHE AFEBX AE= J K A AEO AE@
x2 y 2 z 2 + 2 + 2 = 1, a2 b c
HM = I =
z dxdy
(a, b, c > 0)
J=? KF OD JE cos d = dxdy CHXBA
J=E
ID = JH F ? 6
I=
S
HM =
=E = >X
z cos d =
S
z ( k )d =
S
(z k ) d
J=? =JX D = AFE AC A? I
=E GHDIE
F E
x = ar cos sin ,
y = br sin sin ,
z = cr cos ,
%
0 r 1,
= G K A
0 2,
I =
S 1
(z k ) d =
V 2 =0 1 r=0 =0 2
div(z k )dV =
V
dV
=
r=0
= abc
r2 dr
sin d =
4 abc 3
7F @AEND 2H IF= A IJA = KF C IAJA =FAK A =? J F=H=FX M HM = A JA = FH >X M J=? F G JD AFEBX AE= J K A AEO AE@ ? IJ AF FA@ xy A JA > F=H= AJH F E J=? JD AFEBX AE= J K A AEO AE@ ? GHDIE F E J=? =JX D = AFE AC A? IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A?
= C AE AF= AKID J K J F K J K Gauss CE= JD IK XHJDID 2 F = 4xi 2y j + z k =E JD IJAHAX FAHE G V F K FAHE A AJ=E =F JD K E @HE AFEBX AE= x2 + y 2 = 4 =E J= AF FA@= z = 0 z = 3 ID = FH FAE = @A N K A JE
2
)I DID $
div AdV =
V S
F d
F KV C ? J K IJAHA =E S D AEIJ AFEBX AE= F K FAHE A AE J F=H=FX M C 0 AFBX AE= =KJ IK IJ=J=E =F JHAE? @E=B HAJE ? FH ? JD F=H= A AJH F IDID AFEBX AEA? = JD AFEBX AE= z = 0 JD X K A S1 > JD AFEBX AE= z = 3 S2 =E C JD AFEBX AE= 2 2 x + y = 4 S3 A J= = J IJ EG= HE= IA X A FAH FJMID @A? IG = = = KF C I K A =HGE X J JHEF HM = X =J? GH ID K E @HE IKI JAJ=C M F K x = cos , y = sin , z = z, dV = dddz A HE=
0 2,
A AF ID? = G K A
0 2,
0z3
divF = (4 4y + 2z ) = (4 4 sin + 2z )
6 HM = J H= KF C AJ=E M? ANA ?
I =
V 2 2
divF dV =
V 3
(4 4 sin + 2z )dddz
=
=0 =0 z =0
(4 4 sin + 2z )dddz = 84
HM = IJD AFEBX AE= F K FAHE A AE J DH =J= = J IJ EG= IJE? AFEBX AEA? S1 S2 &
> C
=E S3 > /E= J
d = dxdy,
=E IK AF ?
= k
I1 =
S1
F d =
D1
(z 2 )dxdy = 0
F K X>= A KF OD JE IJD AFEBX AE= S1 G K A IJ= AHX z = 0 > /E= J HM = IJD AFEBX AE= S2 = G K A
d =
=E IK AF ?
1+(
y 2 y ) + ( )2 dxd = dxdy, x z
=k
I2 =
S2
F d =
D2
(z 2 )dxdy = 9
dxdy = 9 22 = 36
A?
F E I K A K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C
x = 2 cos ,
y = 2 sin , 0 2,
z = z, 0z3
d = 2ddz
=E AF ID?
1 = (xi + y j ) 2 || (2x2 y 3 )d
S3
I3 =
S3
F d =
=
D3
= 16
=0
5K
E X = G K A
I=
S
F d = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 = 0 + 36 + 48 = 84
)I DID %
= AF= D AKJA
J F ? J K Stokes CE= J
HM =
C (0, 0, a)
K ABC A
'
ID = )HGE X = KF
? A B C
? A =E
x + y = a, y + z = a, x + z = a,
x = t, y = t, x = t,
y = a t, z = a t, z = a t,
HM = = A =E
I = =
F dr = () +
AB 0
()
=
t=a 0
= =
t=0 0
=
t=a
(a)dt +
t=a
(a)dt +
t=0
adt = a2 + a2 + a2 = 3a2
HM =
S
>
= KF
C I K A J H= J = J IJ EG AFEAFAEBX E
rotF d
= G K A
rotF = 2i + 2j + 2k
=E AF ID? AFAE@ FH B= ? D AN IMID J K AFEF @ K A =E x + y + z = a = G K A
1 = (i + j + k ) 3 ||
AFEBX AE= F K FAHE A AJ=E
d =
6 AFEAFAEBX E
1+(
z z 2 ) + ( )2 dxdy = 3dxdy. x y
HM = CHXBAJ=E F
I =
S a
rotF d =
=
x=0
)I DID & = AF= D AKJA J A HD = J K Stokes CE= J J = JD? 2 2 M E ? AFEBX AE=? z = 2 x + y F K >H I AJ=E AJ=N JM AFEF @M z = 2 =E z = 1 J= F = (y z )i + (z x)j + (x y )k
!
ID 5 BM = A J
J F J K A =E Stokes
F dr =
S
rotF d
= -FE = F E FE = F E F K = A =E =
HM = 0 = F D c FX M IJD F = = KF CI K A J AEIJ HM = >H I AJ=E IJ AF FA@ z = 1 =E A =E FAHEB HAE= K A= J = x2 + y 2 = 2 z = 1 5K AF ? D F=H= AJH F ID JD? FAEB HAE=? = A =E
x = cos ,
=E J HM = KF
y = sin ,
z = 1, 0 1
C AJ=E M? AN ?
I = =
F dr =
2
rotF = 2i 2j 2k,
=E AF ID?
1 = 2 ||
x x2 + y2
i+
y x2 + y2
j+k
d =
6 HM = J H= KF
1+(
z 2 z ) + ( )2 dxdy = 2dxdy x y
C AJ=E M? AN ?
I =
S
rotF d 1 (2i 2j 2k ) 2 2
D
=
D
x x2 + y 2 y + y2
i+
y x2 + y 2
j+k
2dxdy
= =
G
x x2 + y2
x2
+ 1 dxdy
= 2
=0 =0 2 1
cos dd 2
=0 =0
cos dd
2
=0 =0
dd = 0 + 0 2 = 2
!
F K IJ F=H=FX M
HM = X = A AJ=IGD =JEI
IA F
E ? IK JAJ=C
A?
AKID J K J F K J K Gauss CE= JD IK XHJDID F = (2x z )i + x y j xz k =E CE= JD AFEBX AE= J K > K F K H AJ=E =F J= AF FA@= x = 0 x = 1 y = 0 y = 1 z = 0 z = 1 ID = 7F CEI ? J K AFEAFAEBX E K DH =J ? > ? B= AJ= IJ IG =
2 2
= C AE AF=
KF
CEI
? J K AFEAFAEBX AE K
DH
=J ?
I=
S
F d
IK IJ=J=E IJ KF CEI 6 AFEFAEBX AEM HM =JM = CE= X A AFEBX AE= J K > K 2H FAE IA X A FAH FJMID = = HEIJA J X AH @EX KI = D IJ EGAE ID? AFEBX AE= d =E J= HE= JD? FH > ? JD? X A AFEBX AE=? IJ= AF FA@= xy xz =E yz -JIE = G K A IA X A FAH FJMID
= k, = k, = j, = j, = i, = i,
DH
0 x 1, 0 x 1, 0 x 1, 0 x 1, 0 y 1, 0 y 1,
0 y 1, 0 y 1, 0 z 1, 0 z 1, 0 z 1, 0 z 1,
=J= A =E
I1 =
DABCD
(xz 2 )dxdy = 0
1 x=0 1
I2 =
DHEF G
(xz 2 )dxdy = I3 =
DADGH
(x)dxdy =
y =0
1 2
I4 =
DBCF E
x2 dxdy =
1 3 3 2
I5 =
DABEF
(2x z )dy dz =
y =0 z =0 1
(2 z )dy dz =
1
I6 =
DDCF G
(2x z )dy dz =
y =0 z =0
z dy dz =
1 2
5K
E X = G K A
I = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 + I5 + I6 = 0 +
1 1 3 1 11 +0+ + + = 2 3 2 2 6
> -B=H
C J F K Gauss
)F J
J F J K Gauss F K
I=
S
F d =
V
divF dV
=E = >X = G K A
=J? KF OD JE
divF = 2 + x2 2xz
I =
V 1 1
divF dV =
V 1 z =0
(2 + x2 xz )dxdy dz 11 6
=
x=0 y =0
(2 + x2 2xz )dxdy dz =
2 2 )I DID , AJ=E D AFEBX AE= = >HA A J A >=@ S 2z = 4 x y AJ=N JM KO z = 1 =E z = 2 ID = JH F ? = GHDIE F E I K A K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K
x = cos ,
A HE= = J IJ EG=
y = sin , 1z
z = z, 2,
2 = x2 + y 2 = 4 2z
0 2
AE@ ? = A =E
0 F=H= AJHE
r(, z ) =
=E IK AF ? = G K A
1
4z 2 cos i +
4z 2 sin j + z k
r = 4z 2 sin i + 4z 2 cos j
d =
0 IK E
g ddz =
1)
2)
2)
5 2z ddz
AFEBX AE= = A =E
=
S
d =
S
5 2z ddz
=0
d
z =1
5 2z ddz
= 2
1 3 (5 2 2)3/2 3
!!
> JH F ? F H A = KF C I K A JD DJ A D AFEBX AE= FH >X =J? JD IJ AF FA@ xy 0 FH > JD? = A =E K E ? @= J E ? A = J A? F K FH FJ K =F JD =F= AEB J K z =F JE? ANEI IAE? JM AFEB= AE z = 1 =E z = 2 =E JD? AFEBX AE=? J K F=H=> AE@ ? 2z = 4 x2 y 2 -JIE E = J A? JM @ K E @ I M = A =E = J IJ EG= 1 = 2 =E 2 = 4 2 2 -FEF = G K A
d =
=E GHDIE F E J=? F
1+(
z 2 z ) + ( )2 dxdy = x y
1 + x2 + y 2 dxdy
E ? IK JAJ=C
A? A HE= = J IJ EG=
x = cos ,
A HE= = G K A JA E X
y = sin ,
dxdy = dd
4 2 2 2,
0 2
=
S 2
d =
2 Dxy
1 + x2 + y 2 dxdy =
G
1 + 2 dd 1 3 (5 2 2)3/2 3
F E J=? J
=
=0
d
=
42 2
1 + 2 d = 2
C JH F ? F H A = KF A HD = J K Gauss F K
S
C I K A J A >=@
F d =
V
divF dV.
5JD F=H=FX M IG ID V AE =E C ? F K FAHE EAJ=E =F JD J J = JD? AFEBX AE=? J K F=H=> AE@ ? F K K A = KF C I K A J A >=@ S =E =F J K? K E ? 1 @ I K? JM AFEB= AE z = 1 AFEBX AE= S2 =E z = 2 S3 F H A IK AF ? = CHXO K A
F d =
S V
divF dV divF dv
V S1
F d =
S1
F d
S1
F d
X AJ @EX KI = A =E
| |
1 1 + x2 + y 2
(xi + y j + k )
IK XHJDID
F =
J JA = G K A
1 + x2 + y 2 k
F d =
S1 S1
!"
= >X J=? AF ID? KF OD JE E AFEBX AE=? S2 =E S3 FH >X J=E IJ AF FA@ xy IA = J IJ EG K? K E ? @ I K? A = J A? = 2 =E = 4 2 2 = J IJ EG= @A? = =E > JH F K? JD? XI DID? =E JE divF = 0 = G K A IK E X
=
S1
d =
V
divF dV
S1
F d
S1
F d
= 0
D1
F (k )dxdy
D2
F k dxdy 1 + x2 + y 2 dxdy
42 2
=
D1 2
1 + x2 + y 2 dxdy
2 D2 2
=
=0
d
=0
1 + 2 d
=0
d
=0
1 + 2 d
= 2
1 3 (5 2 2)3/2 3
J=? =JX D
7F @AEND 2H IF= IJA = KF C IAJA J A >=@ JD? AFEBX AE=? AB=H = J J F J K Stokes ,A JA =E JD IGAJE AMH = J K AB= = K
)I DID
= KF
CEI A J
S
HM =
x2 dy dz + y 2 dxdz + z 2 dxdy
F K S D AFEBX AE= JD? IB= H=? x2 + y2 + z 2 = a2 = 9? AFEAFEBX E HM = > J F K = A JD > AE= J K AMH =J ? JD? =F IAM? ID = JH F ? 6 X AJ @EX KI = FX M IJD IB=EHE AFEBX AE= A =E
=
=E AF ID? A =E
1 = (xi + y j + z k ) a || F = x2 i + y 2 j + z 2 k
F E
x = a cos sin ,
A HE=
y = a sin sin , 0 2,
z = a cos , 0
d = a2 sin dd
!#
HM = J H= CHXBAJ=E
I =
S
x2 dy dz + y 2 dxdz + z 2 dxdy =
S
F d
= a
S
= a4 = a4 +
=0
cos3 d
=0
sin4 d +
2 =0
sin3 d
=0
sin4 d
d
=0
cos3 sin d
=0+0+0=0
> JH F ?
)F J
J F J K Gauss = G K A
I =
S
F d =
V
divF dV =
V
(2x + 2y + 2z )dxdy dz
= 2
V a
= 2
r=0 a
cos d
=0 =0
sin2 d
+
r=0 a
r3 dr r3 dr
sin d
=0 2 =0
sin2 d =0+0+0=0
+
r=0
d
=0 =0
cos sin d
)I DID
= KF
CEIJA J
I=
c
HM =
yz dx + xz dy + xy dz
F K c A =E D AEIJ = F D x2 + y2 z = y2 = =JAK A = I= AFE = F E HM = > J F K > GHDIE F E J=? J J F J K Stokes ID = JH F ? 0 FH > ? JD? J JD? AFEBX AE=? z = y 2 A JD
!$
=E IK AF ? J
HM = C AJ=E
I =
c
yz dx + xz dy + xy dz
2
=
t=0 2
y (t)z (t)
dt
=
t=0
=
t=0 2
3 cos2 t sin2 t sin4 t dt 3 cos2 t sin2 t sin2 t(1 cos2 ) dt sin2 2tdt
4 2 t=0
=
t=0 2
=
t=0
sin2 tdt
2
1 = 2
> JH F ? 5 BM = J
sin2 xdx
sin2 xdx = 0
x=0
x=0
J F J K Stokes G K A
I=
c
F dr =
S
rotF nd
AEIJ
F K S D AFEBX AE= F K A =E J = F D c =E F K = G K A M?
I=
S
rotF nd = 0
)I DID ! = KF CEIJA A @ JH F K? J A >=@ J K J =J ? F K =F FJAE =F J X M D EIB= HE z 0 JD? IB= H=? x2 + y2 + z 2 = 1 E @H ? x2 + y 2 y = 0 ID = JH F ? 6 A >=@ F K K A = KF C I K A A =E J = IB= H=? x2 +
J K D IJ AF FA@ xy A =E D >XID J K K @H K x2 + y 2 y = 0
d =
J A >=@
1+(
z 2 z ) + ( )2 dxdy = x y
HM =
1 1 x2 y 2 1
dxdy
= @ AJ=E =F J @EF
I=
S
d =
D
1 x2 y 2
!%
dxdy
3HDIE
F E
J=? F
E ? IK JAJ=C
A? F K
x = cos ,
y = sin ,
dxdy = dd
J
=E = >X J=? KF OD JE CM IK AJH =? D AFEBX AE= FH >X AJ=E EI F I= IJ= @ =J= J K K E @ I K J= HE= CE= JE? AJ=> DJ ? =E A =E
x2 + y 2 y = 0 0 sin ,
J HM = C AJ=E
I =
D /2
1 1 1
=0 /2
/2
sin =0
x2
y2
dxdy = 2
=0 /2
1 2
d d
= 2 = 2
=0
1 sin2 = 2
(1 | cos |) d
=0
(1 cos ) d = 2
F K X>= A KF OD JE 1 sin2 = cos2 = | cos | 7F @AEND ) IJ F=H=FX M HM = F= H = A I= HE= CE= JD CM = J HM = = CE J= AJX JD HMID M? FH ? JD AJ=> DJ
/2
I =
=0
(1 | cos |) d =
=0
(1 cos ) d +
=/2
(1 + cos ) d
=
> JH F ?
1 1 ( 2) + ( 2) = 2 2 2
= AB=H I K A IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? F K
x = cos sin ,
y = sin sin ,
z = cos
d = sin dd
6= ID A = J ? JD? IB= H=? A J E @H >H I J=E =F= A B J=? JD F I JDJ= x2 + y 2 =E GHDIE F E J=? IB=EHE ? IK JAJ=C A? = G K A @D =@ CE= JD FAHE G F K =? A @E=B HAE
? AFEBX AE=? = A =E IK AF ?
/2 /2
I =
S
d = 2
=0 /2 = /2
sin d d = 2
=0
sin d 2
=
=0
sin d 2
=0
sin d = 2
!&
# -.)4
/-5
B E = J M a
)I DID = KF CEIJA D X = J =J ? IB=EHE xyz b a < b =E FK JDJ=? = x2 +y2 +z2 x, y, z > 0 ID 0 X = J K I =J ? @ AJ=E =F JD IG ID
m=
V
(x, y, z )dxdy dz
X = GAE IB=EHE IG = =
a r b,
6 HM = CHXBAJ=E J H=
0 /2,
0 /4
m =
dxdy dz = x2 + y 2 + z 2 (a5 b5 ) 1 5 (a b5 ) 1 = = 5 4 20
V
xyz
b r=a
r dr
=0
/2
/4
sin d
=0
)I DID
2 2
x +y =a ID 0 H F =@H= A =? M? FH ? J Iz =
= KF CEIJA D H F =@H= A =? J K A O ? b M? FH ? J XN = JM z
(x2 + y 2 )dxdy dz
V
CA
? K
@H K
HM =
XN = JM z @ AJ=E =F J JHEF
K E @H ? A =E CA ? IK AF ? D FK I K A K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C A? @D =@
JDJ= J K A =E IJ= AH = c
= GHDIE
F E
x = cos ,
A HE=
y = sin ,
z = z,
0 2,
6 HM = CHXBAJ=E J H=
0 a,
Iz =
V
a =0
3 d
d
=0 z =0
dz
= c
z=0
= KF
ID 0 X = J K I =J ? A =E IKC A JHM
C AJ=E =F J AFEAFAEBX AE
=E z = 3
K =E IK AF ?
m=
S
(x, y, z )d =
S
(x2 + y 2 )d
2 3 => K A KF OD JE z = 3(x + y ) = = GHDIE F E I K A K E @HE ? IK JAJ=C A? =E =B 3 =E IK AF ? D CM = a J K K = A =E tan a = /z = 3/3 a = /6 = G K A JD F=H= AJH F DID x = cos , y = sin , z = 3, d = = 2 sin a
A HE=
0 2,
6 HM = CHXBAJ=E J H=
3 =0
m=
S
(x2 + y 2 )d = 2
3 d
d = 2
=0
9 2 = 9 4
AMH J=? JE FH >X K A FJAE A =E FH B= ? =?
7F NAEND - = = JE X D F=H=FX M XI DID F HA = K A JD M E AFEBX AE= IJ AF FA@ Oxy 0 FH > F K FH K E ? @ I ? Dxy = J =? 3 -F ID? = G K A JE
d =
=E J HM = = A =E
1+
z x
z y
dxdy = 2dxdy
m =
S
(x + y )d =
Dxy
(x + y ) 1 +
z x
z y
dxdy
=
Dxy
2(x2 + y 2 )dxdy
J=? I IJD = F E IK JAJ=C M @D =@
=E GHDIE
F E
x = cos ,
A HE=
y = sin ,
dxdy = dd 3
0 2,
=J= C K A FX E IJ C MIJ HM =
3
m=2
=0
d
=0
d = 9
)I DID " , AJ=E D IKH XJE D E = x = a cos t y = a sin t z = t a > 0, = /0 A FK JDJ= X =? = z = >HA CE= t (0, 2)
"
=E = A =E
XN = JM z
m=
c
ds
0 X = =J=HG
KF
C AJ=E =F J
2
HM =
m =
c
ds =
t=0
z
2
dx dt
dy dt
dz dt
dt
=
AJ @E JH F = G K A
a2 + 2
t=0
tdt = 2 2
a2 + 2
I =
c
zds =
t=0
zz
2
dx dt
dy dt
dz dt
dt
= 2
6 JH
a2 + 2
8 t2 dt = 2 3 3 t=0
a2 + 2
X =? = A =E IK AF ?
zG =
1 4 I = m 3
ID
B K? M? FH ? J
XN = z @ AJ=E =F J
HM =
Iz =
S
(x2 + y 2 )d
= KF CI K A J HM = GHDIE
A B K? A? F K
x = a cos sin ,
6 IJ EGAE @A? A >=@ d IA IB=EHE = G K A IK AF ?
y = a sin sin ,
z = a cos
Iz =
S
(x2 + y 2 )d =
G =0
(a sin )2 a2 sin dd d = a4 4 8 2 = a4 3 3
= a4
sin3 d
2 =0
"
= >X
J=? KF OD JE D X = J K A
B K? = A =E
2
m=
S
d = a2
sin d
=0 =0
d = 4a2
2 Iz = ma2 3
Iy =
V
(x2 + z 2 )dxdy dz
DH =J ? = GHDIE F E I K A K E @HE ? IK JA
x = cos ,
-FEF =F J=
y = sin ,
z = z,
dxdy dz = dddz
E= JH CM = OAB =E OO C = G K A
z h = a h a
-JIE IK E X = G K A
Iy =
V 2
(x2 + z 2 )dxdy dz =
G a =0 a h z= h a
(2 cos2 + z 2 )dddz dd
=
=0 2
(2 cos2 + z 2 )dz
=
=0 2
=
=0
Iy =
3 m(a2 + 4h2 ) 20
JDJ=? = x
7F C K A =HGE X JD X = JD? FKH= @=? D F = A =E = HM = C K E=? FKH= @=? F K M? FH ? J XN = JM z FAHE>X AJ=E =F JE? AFEBX AEA? z = 0 =E z = 1 x y =E D FH > JD? F =? IJ AF FA@ Oxy A =E D JHECM E AFEBX AE= Dxy D F = FAHE H AJ=E =F JE? AK A A? x = 0 y = 0 =E x + y = 1 0 X = JD? FKH= @=? = @ AJ=E IK AF ? =F JD IG ID
z =1xy
ID
m =
V
dV =
V
xdxdy dz =
Dxy 1 1x z =0
=
Dxy 1
x(1 x y )dxdy =
x=0 y =0
x2 1 1 x( x + )dx = 2 2 24 x=0
JH K X =? IJ XN = JM x = A =E
0 IK EIJ I= J K
xG =
1 m 1 = m
1
xdV =
V
1 m
x2 dxdy dz
V
z =1xy Dxy z =0 1x 2 y =0
x2 dz dxdy =
Dxy 1
=
x=0
x (1 x y )dy dx =
0 IK EIJ I= J K
JH K X =? IJ
XN = JM y = A =E
yG =
1 m 1 = m
1 x=0
ydV =
V
1 m
yxdxdy dz
V
z =1xy
yxdz dxdy =
Dxy z =0 1x
1 m
yx(1 x y )dxdy
Dxy
=
y =0 1
0 IK EIJ I= J K
zG =
1 m 1 = m 1 = m
1
zdV =
V
1 m
zxdxdy dz
V
z =1xy
zxdz dxdy
Dxy z =0
1 x (1 x y )2 dxdy Dxy 2
1x y =0 1 x=0
=
x=0
1 x (1 x y )2 dy dx 2
1 m
1 1 1 x( )(x 1)3 dx = 2 3 5
"!
5K AF ? J
JH
X =? GAE IK JAJ=C
6 1 1 , 5, 5) A? G( 15
X =? J =J ? CM =? A
X =? = >H I AJ=E FX M IJ
zG =
= KF F K C I K A =HGE X JD
1 m
z dxdy dz
V
X =J KJ
=J ? GHDIE
F E
A?
x = r cos sin ,
A HE=
0 2
a
-JIE = A =E
m =
V
dxdy dz =
=0
d
r=0
r2 dr
sin d
=0
zG = =
1 m
z dxdy dz =
V =0
d
r=0
r 3 dr
cos sin d
=0
D X = =E D H F =@H= A =?
x2 y 2 z 2 + + =1 4 9 16
CA
?A
AEO
0 r 1,
0 2,
""
0 X =J KA
AEO AE@
HM =
m =
V 1
dxdy dz = 24
G
r2 sin drdd d = 24 1 2 2 = 32 3
= 24
r=0
r2 dr
d
=0 =0
HM =
I =
V
= 24
r4 dr
+ 16 cos ) sin dd = 24
1 5
=0 2 =0
2 =0
4 sin3 cos2 dd +
=0
2 =0
9 sin3 sin2 dd
+
=0
1 = 24 5
16 64 + 12 + 3 3
)I DID AFJ ? @ I ? CA ? IJ= AH FXG K? k FK JDJ=? = FJAE JD FAHE G J K AFEF @ K Oxy F K H AJ=E =F JE? IG IAE? y = x2 x = y2 = >HA J JH X =? =E D H F =@HX AE=? J K @ I K M? FH ? JD =HG JM =N M ID
= KF C I K A =HGE X JD X = J K @I
1
K F K A =E
m =
Dxy
dxdy =
x=0 y =x2
dy dx =
x=0
x x2 dx
=
= E IK JAJ=C =J=
2 1 3 3
A? J K
3
JH K X =? xG =E yG KF
1 x=0 x
DH
J=E =F
J= F=H= XJM
xG
1 = m = m
1
x dxdy = m Dxy x
x=0
xdy dx
y =x2
x x2 dx =
"#
3 9 = m 20 20
yG
1 = m = 1 m2
y dxdy = m Dxy
1 x=0
1 x=0
y dy dx
y =x2
x x4 dx =
9 3 = 2m 10 20
I =
Dxy 1
(x + y ) dxdy =
y =x2
(x2 + y 2 )dy dx
=
x=0
x3/2 x6 + x5/2 x4 3 3
dx =
6 35
)I DID = >HA A D z IK EIJ I= J K JH K X =? J K CA ? 2 2 IJAHA F K FAHE = >X AJ=E AJ=N JM AFEB= AE z = x + 3y =E z =
8 x2 y 2
0 FH > J K E C K JM @ AFEB= AE IJ AF FA@ Oxy FH FJAE =F= A B J=? JD AJ=> DJ z =E =KJ F K FH FJAE A =E E= AEOD Dxy A AN IMID x2 +2y 2 = 4 7F C K A =HGE X JD X = J K E C K F K FH FJAE =F J F=H= XJM JHEF HM =
8x2 y 2
ID
m =
V
dxdy dz =
Dxy z =x2 +3y 2
dz
dxdy
=
Dxy
8 2x2 4y 2 dxdy
J=? F E ? IK JA
6 F=H=FX M HM = F HA = KF CEIJA A = GHDIE F E J=C A? JE? F A? H K A M? ANA ? x = 2 cos , y = sin , dxdy = 2dd =E A HE=
0
6 HM = CHXBAJ=E F A
2,
0 2
m =
Dxy
8 2x2 4y 2 dxdy =
2 2 G
4(2 2 ) 2dd
= 4 2
d
=0 =0
(2 2 )d = 4 2 2 1 = 8 2
"$
0 z IK EIJ I= J K
JH K X =? KF
C AJ=E =F J
HM =
8x2 y 2
zG
1 = m = = = = =
zdxdy dz = m
z dz
Dxy z =x2 +3y 2
dxdy
4(4 + y 2 )(4 x2 2y 2 )dxdy 2m Dxy 4(4 + 2 sin2 )(4 22 ) 2dd 2m G 2 4 2 2 (4 + 2 sin2 )(2 2 )d d m =0 =0 2 4 2 8 2 (10 + sin2 )d m =0 15 4 2 8 2 448 28 2 21 = = m 15 5m 5
)I DID
x + y = 2 2y + x = 4 z 2 + y 2 = 4 x, y, z 0
AMHA IJA J
J K E C K IJ AF FA@ Oxy A =E D AFEBX AE= Dxy D F = H AJ=E =F JE? = F A? x + y = 2 2y + x = 4 =E y = 0 7F C K A =HGE X JD X = J K I =J ? D F = @ AJ=E =F J F=H= XJM JHEF HM =
4y 2
JH K X =? ID 0 FH >
m =
V
dxdy dz =
Dxy z =0 2 y =0
dz
42y x=2y
dxdy
=
Dxy 2
(4 y 2 )1/2 dxdy =
(4 y 2 )1/2 dx dy
=
y =0
(2 y )(4 y 2 )1/2 dy = 2
JH K X =? KF C AJ=E =F J
8 3
HM =
0 z IK EIJ I= J K
zG 1 = m = = m 2m
V
zdxdy dz = m
4y 2
z dz
Dxy 2 y =0 z =0 42y x=2y
dxdy
Dxy 2 y =0
1 (4 y 2 )dxdy = 2 2m
(4 y 2 )dx dy
(4 y 2 )(2 y )dy =
20 10 10 = = 2m 3 3m 3(2 8 ) 3
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