Swimming pool construction

St. Alban school, Basel Planners: Weyss+Santos, Basel Photo: Bisig/Bayer, Basel

The comprehensive product range from Villeroy & Boch offers all the ceramic elements that are required in the construction of state-of-theart swimming pools. All the system components form part of a modular concept and are ideal for combination with the PRO ARCHITECTURA colour system, featuring more than 50 coordinated colours. Villeroy & Boch is also able to provide the following services to help you plan and implement your swimming pool project: Individual, application-oriented advice for swimming pool projects (new construction and restoration) Design planning CAD-based structural design for swimming pools Tendering service

Swimming pool construction

Rehazenter, Luxembourg Architects: m3 architectes s.a. - Dell, Linster, Lucas, Luxembourg Photo: Weber, Luxembourg Tile range: PRO ARCHITECTURA

Fundamentals of swimming pool construction

Defining the modular dimensions

The line of swimming pool ceramics consists of modular trims in a nominal length of 200 mm (195 + 5 mm joint) and modular tiles from the PRO ARCHITECTURA range. Modular tiles are based on the basic module M (100 mm) and multiples thereof, plus smaller supplementary dimensions, e.g. 50 mm. The modular dimensions of our tiles and functional trims are derived from the factory dimensions plus the joint width. The smaller the tile/functional trim, the smaller the joint can be. The resulting modular dimension will not change. The small format tiles (10 x 10 cm, 5 x 5 cm and 2.5 x 2.5 cm) are supplied on ready-to-set sheets (30 x 50 cm). The sheets are available with the lattice paper attached on the front or back. For wet areas we recommend using tiles with lattice paper on the front only or with glass fibre lattice backing only. Lattice paper on front and glass fibre lattice backing must be specified when placing orders. Formats larger than 10 x 10 cm are supplied loose in the box.

All pool dimensions (rough shell and finished), fixtures, recesses for inlets and drains must be coordinated. The rough shell planning is made on the basis of the tile planning. The Villeroy & Boch tile planning service is free of charge. Please contact your sales agent or the Planning Department directly, at V&B Fliesen GmbH Herr Marco Warschburger Objektplanung - Technik + Gestaltung Rotensteiner Weg 66663 Merzig
Tel.: Fax:

+49 (0)6864 - 81 3245 +49 (0)6864 - 81 3592

E-Mail: warschburger.marco@villeroy-boch.com

Fundamentals of swimming pool construction

Position from edge = n x 200 + 102.5 mm Rough shell = n x 200 + 127.5 mm

Centre distance = n x 200 mm

Position from edge = n x 200 + 102.5 mm Rough shell = n x 200 + 127.5 mm

Finished dimension = n x 200 + 5 mm

Rough shell dimension = Finished dimension + 2 x 25 mm

The (nominal) length of the functional trims (200 mm) determines a basic linear division for the dimensions of the pool in multiples of 200 mm. As in masonry, this is a break dimension and an additional joint must be included.

Special note: Please specify in your order if you require lattice paper on the front side of mosaic tiles.

The finished length of the pool is therefore calculated as follows: finished length = n x 200 mm + 5 mm The rough shell length is calculated as follows: Rough shell length = finished length + 2 x construction thickness of walls The walls are made of plaster, mortar and tiles = generally 25 mm. The rough shell length is therefore the finished lengh + 50 mm. The position of the drains: position from edge = n x 200 mm + 102.5 mm The axial spacing of the drains is: centre distance = n x 200 mm The pool depth is calculated by: depth = height of trim + n x 100 mm + 5 mm To allow continual and uniform overflow, care must be taken when laying the pool edge that it is perfectly horizontal and level. According to the German Guidelines for pool construction deviations in height of +/- 2 mm are acceptable.

The following drawings were produced by the company Villeroy & Boch. The user is responsible for verifying the correctness and suitability of the variant concerned. Villeroy & Boch provides no guarantee and shall not be held liable in this connection.

Fundamentals of swimming pool construction

Drains The number of drains depends on the size of the pool, the size of the overflow channels and the water circulation, and should be calculated by a water-treatment firm. Approx. 2 3.5 m can be taken as a general guideline for the centre distance, depending on the overflow system. Drain funnels (available from manufacturers of accessories) should be concreted in to compensate for installation tolerances in the drain piping. Villeroy & Boch supplies 35 mm drain connectors or 152 mm whispering drains to connect the tiles around the drain to the piping. These should be ordered separately. As shown in the installation instructions, the tiler should attach the short connector to the drain with epoxy resin. The whispering drain is inserted from above and secured with a rubber seal.

Drain dimensions in mm
Art. 3031 3061 3091 3071 A 115 75 155 125 B 110 90 110 110 C 86 75 86 86

Special note: Outlet connectors and whispering drains must be ordered separately.

Art. 3961 Whispering drain 65 mm Drainage rate max. 5m3/h Flange 83 mm Plastic, grey PN72 Price group E169

Art. 3971 Whispering drain 65 mm Drainage rate max. 5m3/h Flange 100 mm Plastic, grey PN72 Price group E176

Art. 3951 Drain connector 100 mm Plastic, yellow PN71 Price group E29

Drain funnel

Drain funnel

Connection with whispering drain

Connection with connector drain

Swimming pool renovation

Thanks to its decades of experience, Villeroy & Boch is the competent partner for the construction of new and restoration of existing swimming
150 125 3 3 3 20 3 3 3

225

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

Water level 0.00

30

-0.02

Capillary breaking joint filler

Art. 2706 "B" inclined Bonded waterproofing

pools. Our company offers you a consultation and planning service that will assist you in all stages of project implementation. Please talk to the Villeroy & Boch sales representatives or to the relevant department directly. See addresses on pages 252, 340.
Art. 3201 Art. 3070

25 5

97

25 3

225

25 172 25 300

it is often necessary to install a composite seal directly under the tile covering.

72

47

97

When renovating swimming baths,

97

97

97

97

97

250

25

Water level 0.00

3 15

Art. 3002

Art. 2706 "B" 25 Art. 3591

3 3 3 20 3 3 3 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 25 Art. 2706 "B" Art. 3591 inclined

100

8,35 l/m

Bonded waterproofing Capillary breaking joint filler

25

120

Art. 3171 or Art. 3215 37 l/m

97

97

Art. 3201

30

197 113 30 3

3 147 Art. 3103 4 30 3 97 3 96 25 180 208

97

97

97

170

20

25

300

Overview of pool edge systems

High water level

Overflow channel with functional trims Art. 3070, Art. 3090 Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours System trim Small overflow channel Channel piece Art. 3070 Glazed / unglazed vitreous Channel with drain Art. 3071 Glazed / unglazed vitreous Inside corner Art. 3074 Glazed / unglazed vitreous 262 262 262 Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 page

Large overflow channel Channel piece vitreous Channel with drain Art. 3091 Glazed / unglazed vitreous Inside corner Art. 3094 Glazed / unglazed vitreous 263 263 Art. 3090 Glazed / unglazed 263

Accessories Whispering drain Art. 3971 Plastic, grey 254, 262, 263, 269

Drain connector

Art. 3951

Plastic, yellow

254, 262, 263, 269

Overview of pool edge systems

High water level

Overflow system with ceramic grip ledge Art. 3002, Art. 3005 Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools

St. Moritz system Small format tiles Art. 3002, Art. 3003 Uses (preferable): Recreation, hotel and private pools

Finnish Pyrmont system Art. 3003, Art. 3591 Uses (preferable): Outdoor, recreation, sport and teaching pools

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 page

Finnish overflow system Grip ledge Art. 3002 Glazed vitreous 264

Grip trough

Art. 3003

Glazed vitreous

264

Outside angle piece

Art. 3005

Glazed vitreous

264

Z-profile

Art. 3591

Glazed vitreous

264

Double bullnose Rounded running piece Art. 3086 Glazed vitreous 272

Rounded corner Rounded running piece Rounded corner

Art. 3087

Glazed vitreous

272

Art. 3486

Glazed vitreous

272

Art. 3487

Glazed vitreous

272

Pool ladder Pool ladder Art. 3082 Glazed vitreous 273

10

Overview of pool edge systems

Low water level

Wiesbaden system Art. 3060, Art. 3030, Art. 3065 Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor and therapy pools

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 PN70 page

Small Wiesbaden pool overflow Channel piece Art. 3060 Glazed vitreous 268

Channel with drain

Art. 3061

Glazed vitreous

268

Inside corner

Art. 3064

Glazed vitreous

268

Large Wiesbaden pool overflow Channel piece Art. 3030 Glazed vitreous 269

Channel with drain

Art. 3031

Glazed vitreous

269

Inside corner

Art. 3034

Glazed vitreous

269

Small pool edge piece Running edge Art. 3065 Glazed / unglazed vitreous Running edge, outside corner Running edge, inside corner Art. 3468 Art. 3069 Glazed / unglazed vitreous Unglazed vitreous 261 261 261

Accessories Whispering drain Art. 3961 Plastic, grey 254, 268

Whispering drain

Art. 3971

Plastic, grey

254, 262, 263, 269

Drain connector

Art. 3951

Plastic, yellow

254, 262, 263, 269

11

Overview of pool edge systems

Special solution therapy pools | high-/low-level
Therapy system Art. 3060, Art. 3030 Uses (preferable): Therapy pools

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours System trim Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 page

Small Wiesbaden pool overflow Channel piece Art. 3060 Glazed vitreous 268

Channel with drain

Art. 3061

Glazed vitreous

268

Inside corner

Art. 3064

Glazed vitreous

268

Large Wiesbaden pool overflow Channel piece Art. 3030 Glazed vitreous 269

Channel with drain

Art. 3031

Glazed vitreous

269

Inside corner

Art. 3034

Glazed vitreous

269

Accessories Whispering drain Art. 3961 Plastic, grey 254, 268

Whispering drain

Art. 3971

Plastic, grey

254, 262, 263, 269

Drain connector

Art. 3951

Plastic, yellow

254, 262, 263, 269

12

Overview of pool edge systems

Low water level

Skimmer system Art. 3065 Uses (preferable): Private pools

PRO ARCHITECTURA colours System trim Small pool edge piece Running edge Art. 3065 Glazed / unglazed vitreous Running edge, outside corner Running edge, inside corner Art. 3468 Art. 3069 Glazed / unglazed vitreous Unglazed vitreous 261 261 261 Article number Material PN00 PN04 PN13 PN70 page

13

Pool edge systems in detail

Low water level | Small pool edge piece
Applications Material Actual size Joints approx. Surface Finish Glaze Packing Calculation unit Art. 3065 Channel piece PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E89 Pool edge - indoors / outdoors Glazed / unglazed vitreous see diagrams 5 mm formed uni-coloured matt Piece Piece

Special points For reasons of slip resistance, the bead is unglazed. Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

40

97

Art.2200 "B"

Art. 3468 Inside corner PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E113 This article is made of unglazed vitreous and is only available in the colour PN70, as only the unglazed bead is visible.

Art. 3065

97

75

Water level 0.00

Art. 3201

Art. 3069 Outside corner PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E144

97

97

97

Skimmer according to manufacturer's instructions

Low water level Skimmer system Uses (preferable): Private pools

Note: To ensure swimming pool water of hygienic quality, the water is to be treated and disinfected in accordance with DIN 19643-1 (treatment of water for swimming pools). To prevent fungal attack, the surfacing is to undergo thorough cleaning once annually, replacing the entire filling of water.

14

Pool edge systems in detail

High water level | Small overflow channel Wiesbaden pool overflow
Applications Material Actual size Joints approx. Surface Finish Glaze Packing Calculation unit Art. 3070 Channel piece PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E94 Pool edge - indoors / outdoors Glazed / unglazed vitreous see diagrams 5 mm formed uni-coloured matt Piece Piece

Special points For reasons of slip resistance, the bead is unglazed. Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

225 125

47

47

47

47

20

47

47

47

Water level 0.00

Art. 3074 Inside corner PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E162

30

-0.02

Capillary breaking joint filler

Art. 2706 "B" inclined Bonded waterproofing

150

Art. 3070

25 5

97

25 3

225

25 172 Reaction resin filler

Art. 3201

Art. 3071 Outlet 86 mm PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E119

97

97

97

97

97

Art. 3951 Outlet 100 mm PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E29

97

Watertight concrete

25

300

Art. 3971 Whispering drain 65 mm Drainage rate max. 5m3/h Flange 100 mm Plastic, grey PN72 Price group E176

High water level overflow channel with moulded trims Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools

15

100

8,35 l/m

Pool edge systems in detail

High water level | Large overflow channel Wiesbaden pool overflow

Applications Material Actual size Joints approx. Surface Finish Glaze Packing Calculation unit

Pool edge - indoors / outdoors Glazed / unglazed vitreous see diagrams 5 mm formed uni-coloured matt Piece Piece

Art. 3090 Channel piece PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E112

Special points For reasons of slip resistance, the bead is unglazed. Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

60

10

140

105

300

60

97

20

97

97

35

Water level 0.00

155

30

35

-0.035

Capillary breaking joint filler Art. 3005 "C" inclined

Art. 2200 "B"

30 0
1 40 5

0 21 300

Bonded waterproofing
200 135

97

25
3

300

Art. 3201

97

97

Reaction resin filler

Art. 3091 Outlet 86 mm PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E131

97

Watertight concrete

97

Art. 3951 Drain connector 100 mm Plastic, yellow PN71 Price group E29

97

97

25
3

300

High water level overflow channel with moulded trims Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools Art. 3971 Whispering drain 65 mm Drainage rate max. 5m3/h Flange 100 mm Plastic, grey PN72 Price group E176

25

Art. 3094 Inside corner PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E162

Art. 3090

19.0 l/m

25

16

Pool edge systems in detail

High water level | Finnish overflow system

Applications Material Actual size Joints approx. Surface Finish Glaze Packing Calculation unit Matching wall tiles Art. 3002 Grip ledge PN04 Price group E30 Special points

Pool edge - indoors / outdoors Glazed / unglazed vitreous see diagrams 3 mm formed, rough uni-coloured matt Piece Piece PRO ARCHITECTURA Underwater edges such as steps or the front edge of the Finnish system must be accentuated with a stripe of a different colour (PA06). In Germany, FINNISH overflow systems are expected to satisfy the following requirements: The pool edge must offer something to hold onto (grip). The grip must be 15 mm high/deep. The grip must be situated within 100 mm of the vertical wall of the pool. The rear side of the grip should be as vertical as possible. The top of the grip must be accentuated by means of a stripe of contrasting colour measuring at least 2.5 cm across. The slope of the washover incline must be about 10 %, and the surface finish must answer the description of slip resistance category C.

Art. 3003 Grip trough PN04 Price group E30

8,5

72

97

97

250

47

47

47

3 3 14

47

47

47

47

25
25

25 Art. 3591
6

Water level 0.00

Art. 3002
3 9 15

Art. 3246 "C"

max 10%

Art. 3591

inclined

Art. 2706 "B"

Art. 3005 Angle piece PN04, PN70 Price group E30

inclination

97

275

Art. 3171 or Art. 3215 37 l/m

30

Bonded waterproofing Capillary breaking joint filler

Art. 3201

97

197 30 3

147 Art. 3103

30

Reaction resin filler

97

96 25 328 208

113 170

97

Watertight concrete

Art. 3591 Running edge PN00, PN04 Price group E23

97

97

25

300

17

Pool edge systems in detail

High water level | Finnish overflow system
3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 14
inclined

72

97

97

250

47

47

47

47

47

47

47

25

25 Art. 3591

3 23

25

Water level 0.00

10

Art. 3003

Art. 3246 "C"

max 10%

Art. 3591

Art. 2706 "B"

inclination

97

Art. 3171 or Art. 3215 37 l/m

30

Bonded waterproofing Capillary breaking joint filler

258

197 30 3

Art. 3201

97

147 Art. 3103

30

Reaction resin filler 96 25 314 208

97

113 170

97

Watertight concrete

97

97

25

300

72

352

166

180

20

97

97

Art. 2200 "B"

20

Water level 0.00

15 3

Art. 3002

Art. 2702 "C"

30

-0.03
50

50

30

+0.02

15

Bonded waterproofing

30

197

25

548

200

Art. 3107

197

Reaction resin filler

Watertight concrete
197

25

300

18

Pool edge systems in detail

High water level | Overflow system Finnish

72

60

3 Art. 3005 "C"

250

60

97

20

97

97

Water level 0.00

3 15

Art. 3002 15

Art. 3005 "C" 25 30 inclined

Art. 2200 "B"

30

Bonded waterproofing Capillarybreaking joint filler

25 103 3

Art. 3171 or Art. 3215 37 l/m

97

97

Art. 3201

30

197

147 Art. 3103 30

30

97

Reaction resin filler

96 25 163 208

113 155 20

97

97

97

Watertight concrete

25

300

Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools

72

47

250

25

Water level 0.00

3 15

Art. 3002

Art. 2706 "B" 25 Art. 3591

3 3 3 20 3 3 3 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 25 Art. 2706 "B" Art. 3591 inclined

235

Bonded waterproofing Capillary breaking joint filler

25

120

Art. 3171 or Art. 3215 37 l/m

97

97

Art. 3201

30

197 113 30 3

3 147 Art. 3103 Reaction resin filler 4 30 3 97 3 96 25 180 208

97

97

170

20

97

Watertight concrete

25

300

Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor, recreation, fun and hotel pools

19

Pool edge systems in detail

High water level | St. Moritz System The rounded-off pool border is higher than the pool surround. The water level is approximately 50-60 cm above the pool surround. The water flows over the pool border, running down the outside and into the overflow channel, the top of which is flush with the pool surround. The over600 Art. 3753 3 197 Art. 3215 23 23 2 3 15 Art. 3002 3 72

Water level 0.00

flow is executed either as a shallow, open trough or as a grate-covered, tiled, channel. With deference to possible erosion, epoxy resin should be used for filling the joints.
Art. 2200 "B"
inclined

Reaction resin filler 25

25 Art. 3591

-0.60

Art. 3215 25 3 290 25 3 197 197 70 30

Bonded waterproofing Capillary breaking joint filler Art. 3215 Art. 3103

30

147

Watertight concrete

Uses (preferable): Recreation, hotel and private pools

115

197

25

170

Small format tiles are preferable.

197

20

Pool edge systems in detail

Low water level | Small Wiesbaden pool overflow
Applications Material Actual size Joints approx. Surface Finish Glaze Packing Calculation unit Art. 3060 Channel piece PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E82 Pool edge - indoors / outdoors Glazed vitreous see diagrams 5 mm formed uni-coloured matt Piece Piece

Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

342

Art. 3064 Inside corner PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E123
75

40

97

97

97

20

97

97

Art. 3065

Art. 2200 "B"

Bonded waterproofing

89

Art. 3107 Art. 3709

Capillary breaking joint filler

25

120

25

25
172

Art. 3061 Outlet 86 mm PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E118

100

Art. 3060

Art. 3107

197

Watertight concrete
3

Art. 3961 Whispering drain 65 mm Drainage rate max. 5m3/h Flange 83 mm Plastic, grey PN72 Price group E169

Reaction resin filler

197

25

300

Low water level Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor and therapy pools

21

100

5,2 l/m

25

Water level 0.00

48

Pool edge systems in detail

Low water level | Large Wiesbaden pool overflow
Applications Material Actual size Joints approx. Surface Finish Glaze Packing Calculation unit Art. 3030 Channel piece PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E91 Pool edge - indoors / outdoors Glazed vitreous see diagrams 5 mm formed uni-coloured matt Piece Piece

Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

491 40 5 146 4 146 4 146 20 146 4

Art. 3065

Art. 2215 "B"

235

Art. 3034 Inside corner PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E137

75

Bonded waterproofing

160

23
Art. 3107

Capillary breaking joint filler

150

14.5 l/m

Art. 3030

197

Art. 3031 Outlet 86 mm PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E121

Art. 3107

200 25 225

25 242

Watertight concrete
Reaction resin filler

Art. 3951 Drain connector 100 mm Plastic, yellow PN71 Price group E29

197

25

300

Low water level Art. 3971 Whispering drain 65 mm Drainage rate max. 5m3/h Flange 100 mm Plastic, grey PN72 Price group E176 Uses (preferable): Indoor, outdoor and therapy pools

25

150

25

Water level 0.00

22

Special designs
Therapy pools In Germany, the design and construction of medicinal baths is subject to the following basic rules: The minimum dimensions for therapy pools are 3 x 4 m. The minimum water depth is 0.5 m for children and 0.8 m for adults. The maximum water depth is 1.35 m. The pool must have an overflow channel running along all its sides. Skimmers are not acceptable for hygienic reasons. The slope of the pools floor should ideally be constant, and should not exceed 4%. The pool must have an overflow channel on at least one side and one end. As a rule, the therapists gallery should run along one side of the pool and have a minimum width of 75 cm and a minimum depth of 80 cm. A handrail or ledge must be provided at the edge of the pool (water level). The steps must be at least 60 cm wide. The maximum slope for ramps is 15 %.

123

60

48

48

48

60

Art. 3086

+0.12
Capillary breaking joint filler

Art. 3709

60

25

Art. 3060 100

5,2 l/m
2 25

100

25

97 205 640 25 97 60 5 97 3 97 3 97 3 3 5 42

97 Art. 3201 Art.3086 Art. 3350 (cut) 10

97

120

25

97

350 145 25

97

Reaction resin filler Art. 3201 3

97

97

97

Watertight concrete

218

Water level 0.00

48

75

60

Polystyrene strip

Art. 2072 "B"

15

-0.68
Art. 2200 "B"

97

23

97

25

1 2 3 =Elastic joint sealant 300

Special designs
Therapy pools
113 287

+0.15
Capillary breaking joint filler 75 5 1 100 150 100 25

145

75

75

90

75

Water level 0.00

Art. 3060

100

5,2 l/m

97

145 25

25 350

25

205 25 Art. 3753

Art. 3201

97

97

Reaction resin filler 3 3 97

Watertight concrete
25

97

97

3 123 147 4 Bonded waterproofing 3 147 3

-0.75
Art. 2404 "B"

97

97

250 3

1 2 3 4 = Elastic joint sealant

24

Moulded trims
Large double bullnose

Applications Material Actual size Joints approx. Surface Finish Glaze Packing Calculation unit Art. 3086 Rounded running piece PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E20 Art. 3087 Rounded corner PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E43

Pool edge - indoors / outdoors Glazed vitreous see diagrams 5 mm formed uni-coloured matt Piece Piece

Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

Small double bullnose

Art. 3486 Rounded running piece PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E18

Art. 3487 Rounded corner PN00, PN04, PN13 Price group E33

Applications Material Actual size Joints approx. Surface Finish Glaze Packing Calculation unit

Pool edge - indoors / outdoors Glazed vitreous see diagrams 5 mm formed uni-coloured matt Piece Piece

Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

60 Art. 3086

48

5 155

300

60

47

47

47

20

47

47

47

47

47

Water level 0.00

Art. 3709

10

-0.035

Capillary breaking joint filler Art. 3005

Art. 2706 "B"

inclined

60

109 5 25

88

300 485

25

25

Art. 3709

25

110

Art. 3090

55

Bonded waterproofing

185

25

Art. 3486

425

25

-0.522

Art. 3709

Reaction resin filler

66

88

30

Top concrete layer

Watertight concrete

25

Moulded trims
Ladder

Applications Material Actual size Joints approx. Surface Finish Glaze Packing Calculation unit PN00, PN04, PN13 Art. 3082 Ladder

Pool edge - indoors / outdoors Glazed vitreous see diagrams 5 mm formed uni-coloured matt Piece Piece Price group E86

Matching wall tiles PRO ARCHITECTURA

72

97

97

3 60

250 Art. 3215

3 47 3 47 3 47 3 47 3 3 47 3 47 3 47 3 Art. 2706 "B" 14

inclined

Water level 0.00

15 3 15 15

Art. 3002

Art. 3246 "C"

Art. 3005 "C"

inclination

max 10%

Bonded waterproofing Art. 3171 or Art. 3215

97

311

Capillary breaking joint filler

37 l/m
30

300

97

Art. 3103 Art. 3201 97 102 108 3 Reaction resin filler

97

80

80

19

3 6 97 3

306

97

3 44 3

25

Art. 3082 97

306

97

97

156

25

Watertight concrete

306 Art. 3201

97

97

97

97

100

156

25

26

Moulded trims
Pool access steps

Applications Material Actual size Joints approx. Surface Finish Glaze Packing Calculation unit Matching wall tiles Art. 3003 Grip trough PN04 Price group E30 Special points

Pool edge - indoors / outdoors Glazed / unglazed vitreous see diagrams 3 mm formed, rough uni-coloured matt Piece Piece PRO ARCHITECTURA Underwater edges such as steps or the front edge of the Finnish system must be accentuated with a stripe of a different colour (PA06).

Art. 3005 Angle piece PN04, PN70 Price group E30

8,5

62

97

250

297

24 Art. 3003 Art. 3246 "C" 25 Art. 3591 Art. 3201 121 3 3 3 3 36
inclination max 10%

Water level 0.00

Art. 2121 "B" or Art. 2122 "B" 6

inclined

Art. 3171 or Art. 3215 197 37 l/m 147

Bonded waterproofing Capillary breaking joint filler

60

97

97

37

158
30

-0.16
25 3 30

3 4 30 Art. 3103 96 112 208 30 3

97

Art. 3005 "C" 60 3 97 3

97 3 3 30 29

34

300

Reaction resin filler

-0.32
25 Art. 3246 "C" 60 3 97 3 97 97 3 3 30 29 3 34 3 25 3

213

200

-0.48

Top concrete layer

Watertight concrete

300

300

300

25

250

27

Technical aspects of application for swimming pools

Static systems, movement joints
The pool must be structurally independent of the remaining structure. The structural engineer is responsible for selecting the static system. His decision dictates the arrangement of movement joints around and, where necessary, within the pool. The following static systems can be used to effect the structural separation of the pool from the remaining structure.

Surround formed as single span slab

Surround formed as cantilever slab on the pool

Surround formed as cantilever slab on the structure

Waterproofing of movement joints for overflow systems The movement joint is situated in an area which is exposed to high strain through water. The type of water-proofing to be used for the joint depends on the waterproofing of the pool surround. Nowadays, pool surrounds are usually waterproofed with brushable coatings, so-called alternative waterproofing, in accordance with ZDB leaflet.

Capillary breaking joint filler Tiles Thin-bed mortar Bonded waterproofing Elastic joint sealant with closed cell rope Sealing tape Sloping screed covered with thermal insulation, protective sheet and reinforced screed

Water level 0.00

> 150
inclined

Reaction resin filler

Watertight concrete

28

Technical aspects of application for swimming pools

Pool construction
Pools to be clad with tiles are usually made of reinforced concrete. In some cases pools made of steel - e.g. on pleasure cruisers - or plastic can also be lined with vitreous tiles. In such cases, please ask for more detailed information. Marking the water level during the leak test provides The following considerations apply exclusively to reinforced waterlight concrete pools. This can be achieved by: using impermeable concrete or waterproofing. an excellently accurate line of reference for positioning the ceramic accessories for the overflow without the need for carrying out special additional measurements. After completing the reinforced concrete body of the pool, in order to verify watertightness, the customer is to fill the pool with chlorinated water for test purposes to the level of the rim around the pool (exposed concrete). The outside of freestanding pools should also not be waterproofed until after the leak test.

Pools made of watertight concrete The pool is made of impermeable concrete in accordance with DIN 1045 and the structural analysis. The concrete must be and remain free of cracks. The following points should be heeded when building the pool: Proper composition of aggregates and accordingly a low water/cement ratio. For practical reasons, pool floors and walls should be at least 25 cm thick and the upturn behind and/or in front of the drainage channel should be at least 15 cm thick, in the absence of any additional sealing. Optimal compaction of freshly poured concrete by means of an immersion vibrator. Appropriate aftertreatment of concrete (by keeping it moist) Minimum strength category of concrete: B25. Minimum overlap of reinforcing rods: 5 cm. For pools intended to be filled with aggressive water, e.g. salt water, the bonding agents used should be selected on the basis of a water analysis. It is desirable to pour the floor and walls in a single operation. Should a construction joint between the floor and the walls be necessary, a stop-end joint tape must be inserted.

Tiles Elastic joint sealant Stop end joint tape Reinforcement

29

Technical aspects of application for swimming pools

Pool construction
Pools with waterproofing bonded with ceramic tiles As a technical rule for this type of waterproofing see the leaflet from the ZDB Ceramic tiles in swimming pool construction - Advice on planning and implementation. and DIN 18195-7. Materials to be used: Synthetic cement mixtures or Reactive resins Required properties: Adhesive strength 0.5 N/mm2 Frost resistance 0.5 N/mm2 Thermal stability 70C (HZF) 0,5 N/mm Resistance to caustic potash solution 3% 0,5 N/mm 2 Resistance to lime water 0,5 N/mm Resistance to lime water 0.5 N/mm2 Impermeability to water after 7 days at 3 bar Bridging cracks of up to 0.4 mm (Fix load over 24 hours) Resistance to chemicals Suitable bases Concrete in accordance with DIN 1405 and DIN 4227 Underlay waterproof plaster in accordance with DIN 18550, mortar group P III Levelling screed as bonded levelling screed in accordance with DIN 18560, quality ZE 20 The dimensional accuracy of the backing should correspond with the finished cladding. Considerable unevenness should be compensated for beforehand with underlay waterproof plaster or levelling screed. The base material must be free of abherents, debris, dust, binding agents, efflorescence or other contaminants that could impair adhesion. Concrete surfaces on the pool walls should be sandblasted. Resulting cracks or the movement of existing cracks should not exceed 0.5 mm. Cracks of more than 0.5 mm width must be grouted under pressure.

Waterproofing Waterproofing should be carried out according to the manufacturers instructions. The thickness of the waterproofing depends on the material used and the specifications of the manufacturer. At structure joints and corners wherever movements are to be expected, the waterproofing should be reinforced with bonded fabric or foil. Pipes are incorporated in the surface waterproofing by means of a gasket or flange. Floor drains need a wide flange to take the waterproofing.

Tiles Thin-bed mortar Bonded waterproofing Sealing tape Closed cell rope Elastic joint sealant

Levelling coat Tiles Thin-bed mortar Bonded waterproofing Sealing tape in corner Elastic joint sealant Closed cell rope Insulation strip

Screed

Screed

Watertight concrete

Watertight concrete

Waterproofing on structure joint

Waterproofing at wall/floor joint

30

Technical aspects of application for swimming pools

Ceramic claddings
In principle all types of tiling belong to one of the following groups: Bonded claddings Floating claddings Differentiation is necessary with deference to: The properties of the finished cladding The anticipated stress levels in the cladding construction The size of sections and the location and execution of expansion/structural joints.

Bonded claddings Bonded claddings are based on the principle of frictional connection, i.e. no movement is possible between the ceramic tiles and the solid base, much like in a reinforced concrete component. The conventional setting method involves the use of bedding mortar, while the thin bed method in accordance with DIN 18157 relies on an adhesive to effect the bond. To achieve a good bond, the base material must be free of the following: residue and debris such as wood, metal, formwork lube or other contaminating layers that could impair adhesion cracks or efflorescence considerable unevenness too smooth a surface. Movement joints should be limited to the same locations and widths as those of the existing structure

Concrete Bonding course Bonded screed (Levelling course) Thin-bed mortar (acc. DIN 18157) Tiles Concrete Thin-bed mortar (acc. DIN 18157) Tiles Concrete Bonding course Thick-bed mortar (Levelling course) Tiles

Bonded claddings

Floating claddings A floating cladding is when the cladding is separated from the backing by insulation, foils, oil-impregnated paper or the like in accordance with DIN 18195. Unlike bonded claddings, floating claddings should be subdivided by movement joints around the borders of and between individual sections.

Concrete Separation layer (double layer) Reinforced screed (local distribut. course) Thin-bed mortar (acc. DIN 18157) Tiles

Concrete Bonded waterproofing (acc.w. DIN 18195) Separation layer (single layer) Reinforced screed (burden-sharing course) Thin-bed mortar (acc. DIN 18157) Tiles

Concrete Thermal insulation Separation layer (double layer) Reinforced screed (local distribut. course) Thin-bed mortar (acc. DIN 18157) Tiles

Floating claddings

31

Technical aspects of application for swimming pools

Ceramic claddings
Pool claddings In the case of a swimming pool made of impermeable concrete the tiles are attached by means of the BONDED CLADDING principle. VOB-DIN 18352 Working with tiles and slabs applies for bonded cladding in mortar (so-called conventional or thick bed tiling) DIN 18157 Tiling ceramic coverings using the thin bed method applies for thin bed tiling. DIN 18550 Plaster applies for screeds, DIN 18560 Part 3 The use of screeds bonded screeds. If the backing is as level as the finished cladding is expected to be, the tiles can be fixed directly to the concrete by the thin bed method. In general, however, it is necessary to compensate for a certain amount of unevenness. This is done by applying an underlay of waterproof plaster of mortar group III, preferably pure cement plaster. The tiles are attached to the prepared backing with a thin bed of hydraulic mortar in accordance with DIN 18156, Part 2. When fixing the tiles directly on to the shotcrete with a cement-based mortar, the back of the vitreous tiles must first be powdered lightly with cement or coated with cement-based grout. In accordance with point 7.2 of the information leaflet "Schwimmbadbau" - Hinweise fr Planung und Ausfhrung Keramischer Belge im Schwimmbadbau" ("Swimming pool construction Instructions on planning and producing ceramic coverings in swimming pool construction"), published by the central association of the German building industry (ZDB) in July 2008, the concrete should have a minimum age of 6 months pursuant to DIN 1045. Most serious damage resulting from the failure of the bond between the tiles and the backing is caused by shear stresses building up in the interface. Shear stress occurs most often when the young concrete is tiled before it has finished shrinking.

Note: To ensure swimming pool water of hygienic quality, the water is to be treated and disinfected in accordance with DIN 19643-1 (treatment of water for swimming pools). To prevent fungal attack, the surfacing is to undergo thorough cleaning once annually, replacing the entire filling of water.

32

Technical aspects of application for swimming pools

Ceramic claddings
Floor and wall claddings in wet rooms Floor claddings which are classified as having a high exposure to moisture require waterproofing and that the floors slope towards the drains. Ths slope of the waterproofing layer corresponds to that of the finished tiling. For ceramic tiles a slope of 1 2 % is usually sufficient. In showering rooms the floor in the vicinity of the showers should slope at a 3% gradient. The waterproofing must extend over movement joints. Permalastic sealing strips should be used for this purpose.
(Figure 1)

Tiles Thin-bed mortar Bonded waterproofing Sealing tape Edge protection bead Closed cell rope Elastic joint sealer

Screed

Bonded waterproofing

Watertight concrete

Drains are to be integrated into the surface waterproofing by means of a flange or gasket.
Figure 1: Waterproofing on screed joint (Figure 2)

Screed

Glass fibre fabric collar Reinforcing collar Polymer concrete collar

The level of the floor at the transition between wet and dry rooms can be the same. The transition should, however, not lie within the splash area and the rooms should be separated by a door. The floor of the wet room should slope sufficiently towards the drain.
(Figure 3)

Bonded waterproofing Thin-bed mortar Tiles

inclined

inclined

Pipes and tap fittings that penetrate wall claddings are integrated into the surface waterproofing by means of a press-on flange.

Figure 2: Waterproofing connection at drain

Dry area Door leaf

Wet area Angle beads with movement joints Closed cell rope Sealing tape Bonded waterproofing
inclined

Figure 3: Transition between a wet and a dry room

33

Technical aspects of application for swimming pools

Ceramic claddings
Ceramic tiles on underfloor heating Screeds on an insulating layer and heated screeds should be reinforced. These screeds are to be divided into sections by section boundary joints: in unheated screeds maximum 60 m2 in size with a maximum edge length of 8 m and in heated screeds maximum 40 m2 in size with a maximum edge length of 6.5 m. Compact sections should be created wherever possible. Structural joints should be taken on in the same width and in the same location. The screed sections should also be subdivided at doorways and wall projections. The heating pipes should not cross the section joints in heated screeds where possible. If this should prove necessary, 300 mm long pipe sleeves should be used.

Heating conductor Pipe sleeve Bonded waterproofing Sealing tape Closed cell rope Elastic joint sealant

Movement in heated and unheated floating coverings

Movement joint in heated claddings.

34