THUYET MINH KY THUAT

HE THONG PHONG CHAY CHA CHAY

CONG TRNH
NHA MAY BAO B NHA
THANH PHU

A IEM

: KHU CONG NGHIEP HAI SN C HOA LONG AN

CHU AU T :

CONG TY TNHH BAO B NHA THANH

PHU

THANG 05/ 2008

MUC LUC
I.

TONG QUAN : ............................................................................................... 1

II.

HE THONG CUNG CAP IEN...............................................................1

1.

Gii thieu he thong:......................................................................1

Bon may phat ien d phong co cong suat u cung cap cho
hoat ong cua nha may trong trng hp mang li cap
ien cua cong ty ien lc co s co. Cong suat cua moi
may: 1250kVA-3P-380V-50Hz loai cung cap ay tai (prime).
Cac may phat ien ch hoat ong khi he thong li
ien thanh pho b mat th sau mot thi gian (15 giay) cac
may phat ien hoat ong va cung cap ien cho toan bo
cong trnh thong qua cac bo ATS t ong. Bon may phat
ien se c at trong phong co cach am, am bao o
on cho cac khu vc lan can khong vt qua 60dB..............2
Gom hai tu MSB c at trong phong phan phoi ien, phan
phoi ien cho chieu sang, cap nguon cho thiet b nha
xng, cap nguon cho khu vc quan ly, can tin ...............2
2. Tieu chuan thiet ke.......................................................................2
3. Mo ta he thong va nguyen ly hoat ong:..............................3
III.

HE THONG CHONG SET.....................................................................5

1. Gii thieu he thong chong set..............................................................................................5

2. Tieu chuan ap dung..................................................................................................................5
3. Nguyen ly hoac ong he thong chong set.......................................................................6

IV.

HE THONG BAO CHAY T ONG..................................................9

1.
2.
3.

Gii thieu he thong:......................................................................9

Tieu chuan thiet ke.....................................................................10
Mo ta Chc nang, nhiem vu cua tng thiet b va nguyen
ly hoat ong...............................................................................12

V.

HE THONG THONG BAO KHAN ..................................................15

ii.
iii.

Tieu chuan thiet ke......................................................................16

Mo ta chc nang va nhiem vu cua cac thiet b...............16
Tan so: 100Hz 16kHz.......................................................................16
o meo: < 0,6%.................................................................................16
Tieu chuan: EN 55103-1/2..................................................................16
Tan so : 50Hz 20kHz........................................................................16
o meo : 1% @1Khz...........................................................................16
Cong suat : 120W (220V) ..................................................................16
Tieu chuan : EN 55103-1/2.................................................................16

VI.
1.
2.
3.
VII.
1.
ii.
VIII.
1.

HE THONG CHA CHAY BANG NC ......................................17

Gii thieu he thong:....................................................................17
Tieu chuan thiet ke:....................................................................19
Nguyen ly hoat ong:...................................................................20
HE THONG TAO AP CHO HANH LANG THOAT HIEM ...........21
Gii thieu.........................................................................................21
Tieu chuan Thiet ke:....................................................................21
HE THONG THONG GIO VA IEU HOA KHONG KH........22
Gii thieu he thong:....................................................................22

HE THONG IEU HOA KHONG KH TRUNG TAM LOAI VRV CHO

KHU VC VAN PHONG QUAN LY.................................................22
1.

Tieu chuan thiet ke:....................................................................22

Tnh toan thiet ke he thong thong go........................................22
Nguyen ly hoat ong.......................................................................22

IX.

HE THONG CAP THOAT NC .....................................................23

Nc t mng li cp nc ben ngoai cua a phng c cp

n b cha nc tho ket hp cha chay at am di
cong trnh thong qua h thng van chn va ng h nc. B
nc tho nay co h thng iu chnh mc nc(van phao) va
a chng xoay. Nc t ay c hai bm cap nc (chay
luan phien) cap en cac thiet b dung nc cho sinh hoat
va san xuat qua mang li ng ong nc phan phoi.
Tren ng ong phan phoi co gan hai bnh gian n vi
the tch moi bnh la 2000l, hai bnh gian n co nhiem vu
duy tr ap suat on nh trong ng ong. ............................25
X.

PHU LUC CAC BAN TNH TOAN........................................................27

Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

I.

TONG QUAN :

D an

: Nha May Bao B Nha Thanh Phu

a iem

: Khu Cong Nghiep Hai Sn, c Hoa, Long An

Qui mo d an: Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu la cum nha xng
c xay dng theo 4 giai oan. giai oan I, cum
nha xng c xay dng tren khuon vien at co
dien tch 40000m2. Bao gom khu vc nha xng,
van phong quan ly, khu vc can tin. Chieu cao toi
a cua cong trnh la 25.3m
Cac hang muc c ien phuc vu cong trnh:
Cac hang muc ien cong trnh:

He thong cung cap ien.

He thong thong tin va lien lac.

He thong bao chay.

He thong thong bao khan cap.

Cac hang muc c kh cong trnh:

He thong cha chay t ong va vach tng.

He thong ieu hoa khong kh va thong thoang go.

He thong cap va thoat nc.

II.
HE THONG CUNG CAP IEN
1.

Gii thieu he thong:

Da tren cong nang, mat bang cua nha xng va da
tren bang tnh toan cong suat ien tieu thu, he thong
ien cua nha xng c thiet ke gom hai nhanh phan
phoi chnh theo hai tu ien chnh (MSB1 va MSB2)

Tram bien ap:

S
dung 4 may bien ap dau (oil tranformer) co cong suat
moi may 22-15/0.4kV-3P-4W-1250kVA. Cac may bien ap
dau se c at trong phong may bien ap tai tang
tret.
May phat ien:

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Bon may phat ien d phong co cong suat u cung

cap cho hoat ong cua nha may trong trng hp
mang li cap ien cua cong ty ien lc co s co.
Cong suat cua moi may: 1250kVA-3P-380V-50Hz loai
cung cap ay tai (prime). Cac may phat ien ch hoat
ong khi he thong li ien thanh pho b mat th sau
mot thi gian (15 giay) cac may phat ien hoat ong
va cung cap ien cho toan bo cong trnh thong qua
cac bo ATS t ong. Bon may phat ien se c at
trong phong co cach am, am bao o on cho cac khu
vc lan can khong vt qua 60dB.

Tu ien ha the chnh :

Gom hai tu MSB c at trong phong phan phoi ien,
phan phoi ien cho chieu sang, cap nguon cho thiet b
nha xng, cap nguon cho khu vc quan ly, can tin
ien trung the t mang li cua cong ty ien lc cap
en tu trung the cua cong trnh, qua may cat tong va
ong ho ien, ien trung the c cap en hai tram
bien ap. ien ha the cung cap cho cong trnh c lay
t cac tram bien ap ti hai tu phan phoi ien chnh
MSB. Tai ay s dung cap Cu/PVC/PVC cap cho cac
nguon phu tai hoat ong bnh thng va s dung cap
chong chay (Cu/Fr) cho cac nguon cua he thong phong
chay cha chay.
Bon dau cho may phat ien :
Cac bon dau d tr ngay (daily tank) cho cac may phat
ien se c at trong phong may phat. Phong cha
bon dau se c thiet ke thong gio, he thong thu dau
tran, cac thiet b cua he thong d tr va cung cap dau
phai c noi tiep at.
2.

Tieu chuan thiet ke

Viec thiet ke he thong ien cho cong trnh c da theo nhng

tieu chuan va quy pham (phien ban mi nhat) nh sau:

TCVN 25-1991: at ng dan ien trong nha va cong trnh

cong cong tieu chuan thiet ke.

TCVN 27-1991: at thiet b ien trong nha va cong trnh

cong cong tieu chuan thiet ke.

TCVN 394-2007: Thiet ke va lap at trang thiet b ien-An toa

ien

TCVN 3256-1997: An toan ien- Thuat ng va nh ngha

TCVN 4086-1985: An toan ien trong xay dng-Yeu cau chung

TCVN 3145-1979: Kh cu ong cat mach ien, ien ap 1000VYeu cau an toan.

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

TCVN 5556-1991: Thiet b ien ha ap-Yeu cau chung ve bao

ve chong ien giat.

TCVN 7447-4-41/42/43/44-2004: He thong lap at ien cua cac

toa nha

TCVN 18-1984: Quy pham trang b ien.

TCVN 19, 20, 21-1984: Quy pham trang b ien.

TCVN 4756-1989: quy pham noi at va noi khong cac thiet b

ien.

TCVN 46-2007: chong set cho cac cong trnh xay dng tieu
chuan thiet ke thi cong.

TCVN 5334-1991: Thiet b ien kho dau va san pham dau Quy
pham ky thuat an toan trong thiet ke va lap at

Cac Quy pham co lien quan trong nc

Nhng quy nh ve cung cap cua cong ty cap ien

NFPA 70 tieu chuan ien cua hiep hoi phong chong chay
cua My.

NFPA 88A tieu chuan cho ham cha xe cua hiep hoi phong
chong chay cua My.

Hng dan thiet ke ky thuat chieu sang cua Hoi Ky s c

ien phuc vu cho xay dng(CIBSE)

Cac Quy pham co lien quan trong nc

Nhng quy nh ve cung cap cua cong ty cap ien

BS 5499- Phan 1: Nhng dau hieu va bieu tng. Dau hieu

an toan, bao gom ca cac dau hieu an toan chong chay. Quy
nh chi tiet ve cac dang hnh hoc, mau sac va cach bai tr

BS 5499- Phan 2 Cac dau hieu an toan chong chay, cac chu
y va cac bieu tng o hoa. Quy nh chi tiet ve cac dau
hieu an toan chong chay c chieu sang ben trong

BS 5266- Phan 1: Quy pham ve chieu sang khan cap

BS 7430 Quy pham ve noi at

BS 6651: Quy pham ve chong set cho toa nha

3.

Mo ta he thong va nguyen ly hoat ong:

Tong so nhu cau ien c tnh cho cong trnh khoang 5288KVA. Chi
tiet tai ien tham khao bang tnh phu tai ien. Nguon trung the
t mang li ien cua cong ty ien lc cap en tu may cat
trung the sau o c phan phoi en hai may bien the cung cap
ien cho cac phu tai cua cong trnh. Hai may bien the c tnh
toan am bao cung cap u tai cho cong trnh va co d phong
15%. Hai may phat ien d phong cho cong trnh (co cong suat
va v tr c mo ta tren) se cung cap ien cho toan bo phu tai
cua toan cong trnh khi mang li ien cua cong ty ien lc b
gian oan ngng phuc vu. Hai may phat ien se khi ong va
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

cung cap ien cho phu tai cua toa nha sau 15 giay khi co tn hieu
bao mang li ien cua cong ty ien lc b s co va may phat
ien so 2 se c khi ong cap nguon cho cac he thong
phong chay cha chay khi co tn hieu bao chay en.
Phng an lap at ong ho ien va tram bien ap se c xac
nhan vi cong ty cap ien.
He thong cung cap ien se la 380/220V 3 pha, 4 day 50Hz. Hai tu
chuyen mach ha the chnh c lap at trong phong phan phoi
ien ha the (LV room). Tu ien chuyen mach ha the LV se nhan
ien t may bien the va may phat d phong qua c cau
chuyen mach t ong ATS phan phoi cho tat ca cac trung tam
phu tai ien va cac phu tai ien tieu thu trong cong trnh.
Cac bo ngat mach khong kh (ACB) kieu cam vao va rut ra se
c s dung e cach ly an toan cho cac bo phan cap ien. Cac
bo ngat mach dang hop uc (MCCB) va ngat mach cau ch se
c s dung e bao ve cac mach nhanh va thiet b phuc vu
cha chay tng ng.
Cac bo phan hieu chnh he so cong suat t ong se c cung
cap cho cac bo phan bang ien cua he thong ien phuc vu toa
nha, e at c he so cong suat 0.9.
Cung cap va phan phoi ien cho cong trnh
1. Cung cap ien t tram bien the, may phat en tu phan phoi
ha the:

S dung cap Cu/XLPE/PVC i ngam trong mng cap

2. Cung cap ien phuc vu cho phu tai ien:

S dung cap Cu/PVC/PVC +50%E i trong mang cap

3. Cung cap ien cho cac he thong phong chay cha chay:

S dung cap Cu/Fr +100%E i trong mang cap

Day cap ien chuyen dung se c lap at cho cac thiet b

chnh va may moc chnh.
Cac day cap c boc chong chay se c dung e phan phoi
ien cho thiet b:

Bm cha chay.

Chieu sang khan cap

Hai may phat ien ong c iezen se c lap at trong phong

may phat. Hai may phat ien am bao cap u ien cho tat
ca phu tai ien toan toa nha. May phat ien c thiet ke e
khi ong t ong, cung cap ien trong vong 15 giay khi nguon
ien cung cap t mang li cua cong ty ien lc b gian oan.
Khi nguon cap ien thong thng c khoi phuc, may phat ien
se t ong ngat va chuyen lng tai ngc tr lai nguon cap
ien thong thng qua bo phan chuyen mach t ong trong tu
ien ha the chnh. Trong trng hp co s co chay, nguon ien
cap t mang li thanh pho se c cach li, va ch co may
phat ien so 2 c kch hoat va cung cap cho cac nguon sau:
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

Trang 4

Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Bm cha chay

Nguon chieu sang khan cap

Chieu sang khan cap

He thong chieu sang khan cap se c bo tr cho toan bo khu
vc cua nha xng, khu vc hanh lang va loi thoat hiem cua
khu vc van phong quan ly.
e tranh tat en toan bo khu vc nha xng, hang lang va
loi thoat hiem cua khu vc van phong quan ly trc khi may
phat ien d phong khi ong (khi mang ien thong thng b
cat, hoac khi co bao chay), co he thong chieu sang khan
cap c trang b cac bo nguon oc lap cho 2 gi hoat ong.
He thong noi at
Mot he thong noi at rieng biet se c cung cap cho he
thong sau ay:

He thong cung cap ien

Tram bien ap

He thong may phat ien d phong

He thong truyen thong va trang thiet b vi tnh.

Moi he thong tiep at se bao gom thanh noi at hoac tam

noi at bang ong- bo phan lien ket vi coc mong, ban kep
noi at va day dan bang ong noi lien vi nhau co kch
thc thch hp.
III.

HE THONG CHONG SET

1. Gii thieu he thong chong set.

Nham muc ch chong set phong trc tiep vao cong trnh,
ngan chan nhng thiet hai do set gay ra cho cong trnh, trang
thiet b cung nh con ngi, v vay can thiet phai trang b
nhng he thong chong set trc tiep-Lan truyen tien tien nhat
hien nay dung hai kim thu set phong ien sm chu ong thu tia
set loai DYNASPHERE MKIV-SS, thoat nang lng set an toan
xuong at bang cap thoat set chong nhieu ERICORE va he
thong at co tong tr thap.
2. Tieu chuan ap dung
He thong chong set c thiet ke theo cac tieu chuan sau :

- Chong set cho cac cong trnh xay dng Hng dan thiet
ke , kiem tra bao tr he thong: TCXDVN 46 : 2007.

- Chong set bao ve cac cong trnh vien thong: TCN 68-1361995 Tong cuc Bu ien.

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

- Thiet b chong qua ap qua dong do anh hng cua set

vao ng day tai ien. TCN 168-167-1998.

- Tieu chuan chong set lan truyen tren ng cap nguon

cua Tong cuc Bu ien TCN68-167:1997.

- Quy pham chong set va tiep at cho cac cong trnh vien
thong TCN68-174: 1998.

3. Nguyen ly hoac ong he thong chong set

Thiet B Chong Set Trc Tiep:
1. Kim thu set DYNASPHERE:
Kim thu set Dynasphere ESE nh ten goi cua no (Early Streamer
Emmision) la mot ban cau co ng knh khoang 26 cm co
nhiem vu tao mot dong ien phong len trc khi bat ky mot
bo phan nao khac cua toa nha trong vung bao ve co nguy
c b set anh. Khi co mot dong electron ang c phong
xuong, Dynasphere se gay nen s ion hoa tao cac phan t
khong kh e tao nen mot dong phong len. ay la mot thiet
b chu ong, khong s dung nguon ien nao, khong gay ra
bat ky tieng ong, ch tac ong trong vong vai phan mi
giay trc khi dong set thc s phong xuong. Thiet b co tac
dung hieu qua lien tiep trong thi gian lau dai.
Hieu qua cua he thong nay khong phai la mot hang so
ma tuy thuoc vao chieu cao va hnh dang cua cong trnh, v
tr lap at Dynasphere, ap suat khong kh va ban chat ien
t cua tng tia set.
Chieu cao lap at cang cao, ban knh bao ve cang ln. So
sanh vi cac he thong bao ve co ien, phng phap nay
co cac u iem sau:
Mot he thong chong set trc tiep c trang b 1 kim thu set
phong ien sm D/S MKIV-SS c lap at vao chan e va tru
(xem chi tiet), he thong nay c at nh cao nhat
cua toa nha nham tao mot iem chuan e set phong vao
chnh no va nh the la bao ve c cac cong trnh can bao
ve an toan. Hn na, v ay la thiet b chu ong phat ra tia
tien ao i len thu dong set i xuong, ieu nay tao ra mot o
li ve khoang cach bao ve va do o tang c o rong ban
knh bao ve so vi phng phap dung kim Franklin.
Thong so ky thuat cua au thu set D/S MKIV-SS:
Stt

Tnh nang

Thong so ky thuat

1.

Kieu loai

D/S MKIV-SS

2.

Cong nghe

Khe h phong ien tch cc,

khong phong xa(ESE)

3.

Trang thai hoat ong

Luon san sang

Chat lieu qua cau

Bang thep khong r, cho phep

thay the nh kim trong qua trnh
s dung

4.

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Stt

Tnh nang

Thong so ky thuat

5.

Tuoi tho cao

Co

6.

Ban knh bao ve toi u

120m (chieu cao at kim t 25m

tr len)

7.

au ket noi dan cap

thoat set

Van ham chat au noi bang

oc xiet, khoa au dan
xuong va phu hp vi day cap
dan

Phan mem thiet ke vung

bao ve

Phan mem BENJI xac nh vung

bao ve an toan

Phan mem thiet ke tnh

toan ien tr noi at

Phan mem ho tr tnh toan ien

tr noi at va lng hoa chat
can s dung

2. Cap thoat set chong nhieu, ERICORE DOWNCONDUCTOR:

ay la loai cap ac biet dung rieng cho viec chong set co 1
loi ong (tiet dien 55mm2). Do set la dong ien co tan so
cao nen loi ong c phan bo hnh ong tam nham muc ch
giam hieu ng mat ngoai t o tang toi a kha nang tan
set trong lp loi nay. Lp cach ien co kha nang chu qua
ap en 250kV am bao an toan. Lp vo ong co hieu qua
chong nhieu. Hai loi ban dan co tac dung lam giam cng
o ien trng tren be mat cap. Lp vo ngoai cung bao
ve an toan cho cap. ERICORE co cac u iem sau:
Cho phep lap ben trong cong trnh
Tham my
De dang lap at trong thi gian ngan
Rat de bao tr
Khong gay set phong tat ngang - rat an toan
Bang thong so ky thuat cua cap thoat set chong nhieu ERICORE:
St
t

Tnh nang

Thong so ky thuat

Kieu loai

ERICORE

Tong tr ac tnh Z0

4.5

Dung khang C

1100pF/m

Cam khang L

22 nH/m

ng knh ngoai

Tiet dien loi ong Sdan

55mm2

Loai cap

7 lp (loi plastic, loi ong, vo

ong boc, lp cach ien, 2
lp ban dan, vo bao ve)

Dung cho vat kien truc khoang

tren 65m

Dung cho vat kien truc

khoang tren 65m

ngoai

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

36 mm

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Mc chu ien ap

250kV

3. He thong tiep at:

He thong noi at la mot bo phan khong the tach ri trong
bat ky giai phap chong set nao. Thng ien tr at c
yeu cau thap hn 10 Ohm va 4 Ohm cho he thong ien.
Bao gom coc ong noi at, cap thoat set chong nhieu, cong
nghe han hoa nhiet CADWELD va hoa chat lam giam ien
tr at GEM 25A. GEM la mot loai hoa chat co tac dung giam
ien tr suat cua at, co the s dung dang kho hay hoa
vi nc. Khi o GEM len vung chon cac ien cc, GEM se tao
nen mot lp keo (gel) ong nhat bao ve ien cc.
a. Cap ong tran
S dung cap ong tran tiet dien 70mm 2 c tha xuong
gieng tiep at. Cap ong tran cho phep nang cao kha nang
tan dong ien va nang cao tuoi tho cua he thong tiep at.
b. Coc noi at
Coc tiep at s dung la loai coc ong d=16mm. Khong giong
nh coc sat ve o ben c, coc ong co u iem dan ien tot
trong viec thoat dong set .
c. Han CADWELD
Nham bao ve cac moi lien ket he thong tiep at khong b
r set va an mon ien hoa, tat ca cac moi noi tiep at
eu s dung moi han CADWELD lam tang o ben cua he
thong tiep at, khong lam tang tong tr moi noi gia cac
bo phan tiep at vi nhau.
Moi han Cadweld la moi noi kieu phan t va thoa cac yeu
cau cua tieu chuan IEEE Std. 837-1989.
So vi cac kieu kep c kh va han ien, moi han Cadweld co
u iem vt troi ve kha nang tan dong, o ben cao, khong
gay nhieu do phong la, .
ac iem moi han Cadweld:
Chat lng sieu ben.
Moi han lien ket dang phan t.
Tai dong s co ln hn day dan do moi noi co tiet
dien ln hn.
Moi noi han Cadweld co the chu ng c nhiet o
en 1082oC.
Hoa chat giam ien tr at (GEM)
S dung hoa chat GEM nham giai quyet nhng kho khan
trong viec x ly tiep at cho nhng vung at dan ien kem
nh:
Vung at ien tr suat cao.
Khu vc oi nui, cat, soi.
Dien tch lam tiep at b gii han.
ac iem cua hoa chat giam ien tr at:
ien tr suat cua GEM: 12.cm.
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Cai thien ien tr noi at rat hieu qua.

Khong oc hai, ap ng tieu chuan EPA (to chc bao
ve moi trng cua My).
Tuoi tho tren 30 nam.
Bao ve ien cc t b an mon (do GEM bao quanh lay ien
cc).
Cac bang thong so ky thuat cua cac vat t tiep at:
Stt Thiet b

ac tnh ky thuat he thong tiep at

Coc ong - ong 95%

Coc ong tiep at Chieu dai (m) theo ban ve, ng knh coc:
16mm

Han hoa nhiet

CADWELD

Cong nghe han hoa nhiet CADWELD cho

phep han
nhanh chong vi chat lng cao cac moi
noi ong/ong,thep/ong vi nhieu kieu
han khac nhau.
Moi han CADWELD tai c xung set co
bien o ln (hang tram KA).
Moi han CADWELD la moi noi phan t
nen khong h hong hay giam chat lng
theo thi gian.
Moi han CADWELD tai dong ien hieu qua
hn day dan.
Khong oi hoi nguon ngoai, thi cong nhanh
chong, n gian, Thiet b gon nhe, khong
at tien.

Hoa chat lam

giam ien tr
at GEM25A

Trong lng: 11.34kg/bao.

Hoa chat Gem lam giam ien tr at t
50 en 90%.
Tang o ket noi gia ien cc va at.
Bao ve ien cc va gi gia tr ien tr
at on nh trong thi gian dai.
De dang s dung va co the x ly vi
he thong noi at cu va mi.

Cap ong tran

lien ket
cac coc thep boc
ong

Tiet dien 70mm2

IV.

HE THONG BAO CHAY T ONG

1.

Gii thieu he thong:

He thong bao chay t ong la loai he thong bao chay a ch.

He thong bao gom cac thiet b nh sau:

Trung tam x ly bao chay (MFAP)

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Cac au bao chay t ong: au bao khoi, au bao nhiet

Cong tac bao chay khan (Break glass)

Chuong bao chay ket hp en bao.

Cac bo thu va suat tn ieu khien e giam sat tnh trang

hoac kch hoat cho cac thiet b hoat ong(van, bm cha
chay, thang may, quat hut gio tang ham).
Nguon ien bnh ac qui co the duy tr he thong lam viec
toi thieu 24 gii khi nguon ien thong thng b cat ien.

Ngoai ra trung tam tu bao chay ket noi vi he thong am

thanh va loa, ket noi vi tong ai ien thoai, he thong khong
che khoi, he thong ieu hoa khong kh.

2.

Tieu chuan thiet ke

He thong bao chay t ong c thiet ke da tren nhng

tieu chuan sau ay:

NFPA 72 tieu chuan bao chay cua hiep hoi phong chong
chay cua My.

NFPA 88A tieu chuan cho ham cha xe cua hiep hoi phong
chong chay cua My.

Can c tieu chuan Viet Nam :TCVN 5738 - 1993 He thong

bao chay - yeu cau ky thuat c ban hanh theo quyet
nh so 1238/Q ngay 13/12/1993 cua Bo Khoa hoc Cong
Nghe va Moi Trng.

2.1 Tieu ch thiet ke lap at he thong bao chay t ong:

Thiet ke, lap at He thong bao chay c tuan thu theo cac
tieu chuan neu tren.
He thong bao chay phai ap ng nhng yeu cau sau:
-

Phat hien chay nhanh chong theo chc nang a c e ra.

Truyen tn hieu khi phat hien co chay thanh tn hieu bao
ong ro rang e nhng ngi xung quanh co the thc hien
ngay cac bien phap x ly thch hp.
Day dan co kha nang chong nhieu tot.
Bao hieu nhanh chong, ro rang cac s co bao am o
chnh xac cua he thong.
Khong b anh hng bi cac he thong khac lap at chung
quanh hoac rieng re.
Khong b te liet mot phan hay toan bo do chay gay ra
trc khi phat hien chay.
Khong xay ra tnh trang bao gia do chat lng au do kem,
hoac sut ap do bo nguon trung tam khong tai c so
lng au do.

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

He thong bao chay phai am bao o tin cay. He thong nay

thc hien ay u cac chc nang a c e ra ma khong
xay ra sai sot hoac cac trng hp ang tiec khac.
Nhng tac ong ben ngoai gay ra s co cho mot bo phan
cua he thong khong gay ra nhng s co tiep theo trong he
thong.
2.2 Tnh toan thiet ke
Viec tnh toan trong thiet ke c ap dung tieu chuan NFPA 72
tieu chuan bao chay cua hiep hoi phong chong chay cua My
va qui nh he thong Viet Nam so: TCVN - 5738 - 2001 yeu cau
ve ky thuat cua he thong bao chay va cac tieu chuan ve
thiet b.
2.3 Trung tam x ly bao chay:
Da tren muc ch s dung va kien truc cua cao oc chon trung
tam x ly bao chay loai a ch the he thong minh co cac
a ch oc lap vi nhau.
Trung tam x ly c la chon s dung loai a ch.
Khi co chay xay ra, no ch ra a ch chnh xac, nhanh chong
cua tng vung. Moi au do giam sat tng ng mot a ch
cua Trung tam Bao chay c at tai phong bao ve co
ngi thng trc.
au bao khoi:
Do ket cau xay dng, cao o cua moi tang va tang lng co
khac nhau nen mat o au bao khoi cac tang cung khac
nhau (55-100m2 /au).
au bao nhiet:
Ngoai cac au bao khoi, bo tr them cac au bao nhiet gia
tang. Viec bo tr au bao nhiet nay phu hp vi tnh chat
cac khu vc cha xe. Dien tch bao ve cua mot au bao
nhiet theo thiet ke t 25 en 30 m2 .
Cong tac khan:
Cac cong tac khan c bo tr tai loi ra vao de dang tac ong
khi can bao chay, c lap at cach mat san la 1.5m. (ieu 4.2
TCVN 5738 - 2001).
Chuong bao chay:
Tai tang ham va cac tang cua cao oc c bo tr 1 chuong
bao chay gan cac cau thang thoat hiem.
Nguon ien:
He thong bao chay nay ngoai nguon ien hoat ong bnh
thng 220VAC / 50Hz con c trang b nguon d phong 24VDC.
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Nguon d phong nay u am bao cho he thong hoat ong

che o thng trc (bnh thng) trong thi gian 12 gi va 3
gi che o bao ong (phu hp vi ieu 71 TCVN 5738 2001). Bo nguon c lap at tai Trung tam bao chay.
Day tn hieu:
Day tn hieu bao chay co tiet dien 1,5mm 2.
oi vi cac ng day truc chnh, ngoai cac oi day ket noi
vi cac thiet b con co t 2 en 3 oi day d phong. Cac
mach tn hieu cua he thong bao chay c kiem tra t ong tnh
trang ky thuat theo suot chieu dai cua mach tn hieu (Chc
nang t kiem tra cua Trung tam X ly ).
Cac day cap truyen tn hieu c s dung phai la loai cap
chong chay.

3.

Mo ta Chc nang, nhiem vu cua tng thiet b va nguyen ly

hoat ong
He thong bao chay nay ap ng cac yeu cau cua TCVN va
NFPA 72 (tieu chuan bao chay cua hiep hoi phong chong chay
cua My). Do tnh nang va cau truc cua cong trnh, thiet ke 01 tu
trung tam x ly chnh (FACP) at tai phong bao ve. Tu FACP se
giam sat khu vc nha xng va cac thiet b, he thong cha
chay chung cua cong trnh. ay la mot bo phan chnh, co
nhiem vu nhan va x ly cac tn hieu bao chay, cac tn hieu
s co ky thuat va hien th cac thong tin ve he thong.
Thong qua Trung tam x ly, nhan vien trc co the quan sat
tnh hnh hoat ong cua he thong va ieu khien he thong
trong trng hp can thiet.
3.1Nhiem vu chnh cua Trung tam x ly ( FACP):
X ly tn hieu au vao: Nhan thong tin t cac thiet b au
vao (Input) nh au bao khoi, au bao nhiet, cong tac khan,
tnh trang cac van, mc nc trong be cha chay e x ly va
phat tn hieu en cac thiet b au ra (Output): coi, chuong, loa,
en, quat tao ap hanh lang.., ong thi en ch th vung co
chay phai c bat sang tren mat tu trung tam x ly.
Phat tn hieu bao chay truyen ve Trung tam ch huy PCCC
Thanh pho (Monitoring) hoac cac ban quan ly toa nha qua
ng day ien thoai hoac vo tuyen bang cach nhan tin, se
c cai at theo yeu cau cua ngi s dung phu thuoc vao
thi gian tre khi trung tam bat au bao chay va s co khong
giai quyet c sau 1 thi gian nhat nh hoac phu thuoc vao
quy mo va pham vi khi co bao chay.
FACP la ni hien th cac thong tin cua he thong: Trang thai
bnh thng, trang thai co s co truc trac ky thuat cua he
thong, trang thai bao ong.
e de dang kiem soat, tren mat tu trung tam x ly co
ay u cac en ch th bao chay tng ng vi cac vung
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

c no kiem soat trong cung mot thi iem. Trung tam x

ly co the x ly nhieu tn hieu bao chay t nhieu vung
kiem soat a ve, cap nguon cho cac thiet b thuoc He
thong bao chay (theo tieu chuan Quoc te NFPA 72, nguon cua
he thong bao chay la 24VDC).
FACP Thng xuyen hoat ong suot 24/24 gi, lien tuc giam
sat hien trng qua 3 trang thai:
- Trong trng hp bnh thng: en LED mau xanh bat sang.
- Trong trng hp co s co ky thuat thuoc he thong: Trung
tam x ly se phat tn hieu bang en mau o va am
thanh bip bip e nhan vien trc kp thi x ly.
- Trong trng hp co chay: Khoi hoac nhiet se kch thch cac
thiet b khi bao (au bao khoi/nhiet). Khi au bao b kch
thch, no se lap tc t ong truyen tn hieu ve Trung tam
x ly. Trung tam x ly nhan va phat tn hieu en cac bo
phan khac: Chuong bao chay tai Phong Trc oi Bao Ve
se reo len. Cung luc ay, en LED mau o tai Trung tam x
ly se ch bao cho biet khu vc nao xay ra s co.
Trung tam x ly bao chay lam viec theo nguyen ly tre thi
gian (Time Delay type). Khi nhan c tn hieu bao chay t mot
hoac nhieu au bao a ve, Trung tam cha phat lenh bao
ong co chay ngay ma lu tr trong mot khoan thi gian (oi
vi au bao khoi la 55 - 60 giay, au bao nhiet la 15 - 20
giay). Trong thi gian nay en Delay time se sang len.
Neu sau thi gian nay, khong con tn hieu a ve th Trung tam
se huy tn hieu va coi o la tn hieu gia. Neu sau thi gian
nay, tn hieu van a ve lien tuc th Trung tam se phat lenh
bao chay tai trung tam va phong bao ve, sau 1 thi gian tre
60 giay u e bao ve xem xet thc te tai v tr bao chay va
giai quyet (nh do cac au do bao chay gia hoac cong tac
bao chay khan vo tnh b tac ong), neu tn hieu bao chay
con duy tr tiep sau 60 giay tre, FACP trung tam se kch hoat cac
he thong chuong coi va a tn hieu en he thong quan ly
cua tang ham e ieu khien cac he thong quat tao ap cau
thang, quat khong che khoi tang ham, he thong loa hoat ong
thong bao di tan ra khoi cong trnh, ong thi ngat he thong
ieu hoa khong kh, quat cap go. Nguyen ly nay tranh cho he
thong bao ong gia la mot tieu chuan quan trong cho viec
thiet ke va lap at he thong bao chay t ong.
Trung tam c cap nguon ien 220V/50HZ t he thong UPS khi
mat nguon AC, he thong van hoat ong bnh thng nh co
bo nguon d phong (24VDC) bao am hoat ong lien tuc suot
ngay em va co lu gi cac thong tin lien quan en tnh trang
cua he thong.
3.2au bao khoi (SMOKE DETECTOR)

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

au bao khoi la thiet b trc tiep gi vai tro giam sat, phat
hien dau hieu co khoi xuat hien va gi tn hieu ve Trung
Tam X Ly.
Thi gian tac ong cua cac au bao khoi khong ln hn 30
giay. Mat o khoi cua moi trng co tac dung en au
bao khoi t 15% en 20% (TCVN 5783-2001), NFPA 72. Cac au
do s dung loai ionzation.
3.3au bao nhiet (HEAT DETECTOR)
La loai au bao khong cam ng khoi. No se cam ng hien
tng bau khong kh xung quanh gia tang nhiet, gia tang nhiet o
mot cach ot ngot, khoang 6oC/phut. No se phat hien tnh trang
nhiet o khong kh bat thng nay va phat tn hieu bao ong
gi ve Trung tam x ly (TCVN 5738 -2001), NFPA 72 . Cac au do
s dung loai ionzation.
3.4 Cong tac bao chay khan cap (MANUAL CALL POINT)
La loai thiet b thc hien viec bao chay bang tay khi co ngi
phat hien s co chay, trong trng hp khan cap c lap
at tai nhng ni thuan tien e moi ngi co the de dang
tm thay va tac ong vao khi co s co (TCVN 5738-2001)
3.5

Chuong bao chay (FIRE ALARM BELL)

Khi xay ra s co chay, chuong se bao ong vi cng o

90dB tai v tr cach 0.3m, chuong bao chay c at tai cac
hanh lang va ni co ngi trc thng xuyen hoac nhieu
ngi qua lai e thong bao va yeu cau moi ngi tham gia
cha chay (TCVN 5738-2001)
3.6 Nguon ien
e am bao he thong bao chay lam viec lien tuc khi mat ien
hoac co chay, ngoai nguon ien chnh xoay chieu (AC) t UPS,
Trung tam bao chay c trang b mot bo nguon d phong nham
am bao cho he thong lam viec 12 gi lien tuc, khi mat ien
trong trang thai giam sat bnh thng va trong 3 gi khi co s co
chay (TCVN 5738 -2001)
3.7 Cac yeu to lien ket
Gom cac linh kien, he thong cap va day tn hieu, cac bo
phan tao thanh tuyen lien ket vi nhau gia cac thiet b cua
He thong bao chay.
3.8 Trang thai cua he thong bao chay
Hoat ong cua He thong luon c theo doi va hien th
mot trong 3 trang thai sau:
-

Trang thai bnh thng: trang thai nay, he thong ang

giam sat bnh thng, khong co s co nao xay ra. Cho biet
khong co s co chay nao xuat hien hoac khong co loi

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

ve ng truyen cung nh truc trac ve cac thiet b cua

he thong.
-

S co ky thuat: trang thai nay, trung tam x ly cua he

thong thong bao cho ta biet cac h hong co the xay ra nh
nguon d phong (battery) b het hay ang yeu i, nguon ien
chnh b mat, mach tn hieu ngo vao, ngo ra b h, t
hoac cham mach..

Bao chay (Fire): trang thai nay, he thong se thong bao

cho chung ta biet s co chay thong qua cac tn hieu bao
ong nh chuong, coi, en ch th ang co s co chay xay
ra e nhan vien ieu hanh kp thi e ra cac bien phap
x ly dap tat am chay.

3.9 Tom tat:

He thong bao chay cho cao oc c thiet ke la he thong
khep kn, quan ly thiet b au vao, au ra, cung nh he
thong day truyen dan tn hieu mot cach chat che. Bat ky s
co nao eu c thong bao mot cach kp thi va chnh xac.
Khi co am chay xay ra, cac dau hieu ac trng cua no bao
gom: khoi c sinh ra o tang cao, la phat ra. Cac thiet b
au do cho tng loai nay cam nhan c cac hien tng o
se oi tn hieu chay (tn hieu khong ien) sang tn hieu ien
truyen ve Trung tam x ly chnh va phat i tn hieu bao chay
(Alarm) cac thiet b au ra (Loa, chuong, telephone, en, bang
hien th a ch).
Cac mo un xuat, nhap tn hieu e giao dien vi cac he
thong khac va kch hoat cac quat tao ap hanh lang, may phat
ien, ong thi cat cac quat cap go, thiet b ieu hoa
khong kh am bao ngan nga chay ln xay ra va dap tat
kp thi khi co chay.
V.

HE THONG THONG BAO KHAN

1. Gii thieu he thong

He thong am thanh dung e phat nhac nen, thong bao

thong tin cong trnh va bao khan cap khi co s co xay ra.
Trong trng hp co hoa hoan xay ra, he thong se c dung
u tien cho viec thong bao hng dan thoat hiem, tuan theo
tieu chuan IEC 60849.
He thong c thiet ke d phong cho m rong tng lai. Tai
moi tang co iem au noi rieng.
He thong gom cac phan chnh
He thong loa phat thanh.
Trung tam x ly (bo khuyech ai, bo chia kenh, bo chon
kenh, bo thong bao).
V tr lap at he thong phat thanh noi bo
Loa c lap at cac khu nha xng, hanh lang, (tham
khao ban ve)
Trung tam c at tai phong quan ly thong tin.
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

ii. Tieu chuan thiet ke

TCVN 2622-1995: phong Chay, Chong Chay cho nha va

cong trnh. Yeu cau thiet ke.

Theo BS 6259 & BS EN 60849

AS1851 part10, AS2220 part 1 va 2

AS3000, BCA.
iii. Mo ta chc nang va nhiem vu cua cac thiet b

Loa am tran:
- S dung cho khu vc hanh lang, van phong
- Cong suat : 1.5-3-6W
- Cng o am thanh: 91dB/ Wm
- ap tuyen tan so: 70 ( 18.000Hz
Loa gan tng:
- S dung cac phong ky thuat, nha xng.
- Cong suat : 5-10-15W
- Cng o am thanh: 90dB/ Wm
- ap tuyen tan so: 150 ( 10.000 Hz.
Bo ieu khien am lng:
- Cong suat: 0.5W ~ 60W
- Tam ieu khien: 5 bc (0dB, -6dB, -12dB, -18dB, OFF)
Ban goi
- Micro ien dung e ban tng ng.
- Ban phm la chon vung can thong bao.
- Chc nang chon toan bo cac vung.
- Co the la chon c o khuyech ai, loc am.
- en LED hien th vung la chon tren ban goi.
- Cac ac tnh ky thuat:
Tan so: 100Hz 16kHz
o meo: < 0,6%
Tieu chuan: EN 55103-1/2.
Bo khuyech ai
- Tang cong suat cua he thong.
- Co au ra 70V/100V va tr khang thap.
- Cac ac tnh ky thuat :
Tan so : 50Hz 20kHz
o meo : 1% @1Khz
Cong suat : 120W (220V)
Tieu chuan : EN 55103-1/2.
Bo ghi/phat nhng thong tin cho hng dan thoat hiem:
- Khi tn hieu chay t he thong bao chay gi ti he
thong, bo phat nhng thong tin cho hng dan
thoat hiem se phai t kch hoat va hoat ong, thong
qua he thong phat thanh noi bo e thong bao
thong tin hng dan thoat hiem cho toan cong trnh.
Ngoai ra he thong con co the phat thanh trc tiep
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

hng dan cua nhan vien cha chay thong qua

micro ac biet danh cho phan cha chay.
- Cac ac tnh ky thuat :
- D lieu : WAV-file, 16-bit PCM.
- o meo : 0,1% @1Khz
- Bo nh : 16Mbit EEPROM.
- ieu khien : relay..
- Tieu chuan : EN 55103-1/2.
Day cap
Day cap cho cac thiet b trong he thong c i tren
mang cap he thong phat thanh noi bo trong hop gen
ien nhe (gom: tivi, camera, am thanh) hoac trong ong PVC
tren tran gia / am tng.
Day dan vao phai c anh dau nhan dang va phai
the hien ro tren ban ve hoan cong.
Day cap c s dung trong he thong phat thanh noi bo
t trung tam ti cac loa la loai cap Cu/PVC.
VI.

HE THONG CHA CHAY BANG NC

1. Gii thieu he thong:

Cong trnh c trang b cac he thong cha chay nh sau:

He thong cha chay t ong(Sprinkler system).

He thong cha chay vach tng va cuon voi

(Hydrant va hose reel system).

Cac bnh cha chay CO2 treo tng.

Be nc cha chay
Be nc cha chay ket hp san xuat va sinh hoat co dung
tch nc 261m3, luon d tr mot the tch nc cho cha chay
la 216m3, c at tai am trong cong trnh. Lng nc trong be
u cung cap cho he thong cha chay t ong Sprinkler va
cha chay vach tng.
He thong bm cha chay
Bm cha chay cho he thong Sprinkler va vach tng
Gom 02 bm ien (mot chnh va mot d phong)
72m3/h@50mH2O, bm bu ap (jockey pump) 5.4m3/h@55mH2O. Bm
bu ap c s dung ket hp lam bm cap nc sinh hoat.
Cac bm c at tai phong bm cha chay.
He thong ng ong phan phoi
He thong ng ong cho he thong Sprinkler va cha chay
vach tng
He thong cha chay chnh cua he thong Sprinkler va cha
chay vach tng cua cong trnh la he thong ong t thng
xuyen nen nc co ap lc 5kg/cm 2 ben trong ng ong. Cac
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

ong nhanh cua he thong cha chay t ong (Sprinkler) va tai

cac hong cua he thong cha chay vach tng luon cha
nc co ap lc 4 kg/cm2 ben trong ng ong.
ng ong xuat phat t he thong ong trong phong may bm
theo mang li ng ong phan phoi en cac tu cha chay
va cac ong nhanh cap cho he cha chay t ong Sprinkler.
Cong tac dong chay se c lap at cho moi ng ong
nhanh chnh sprinkler e khi mot au sprinkler nao hoat ong th
khu vc tng ng se c xac nh va tn hieu se c truyen
ve tu bao chay trung tam va thc hien cac cong viec co
lien quan nh mo ta trong he thong bao chay t ong. ong
thi khi co sut ap trong he thong ng ong r le ap suat tai
au bm se tac ong kch hoat cho bm hoat ong.
e kiem tra cac bm cha chay, co the m cac valve xa
nc bang tay e th cac bm cha chay chnh. Trong ieu
kien th nghiem, cac bm cha chay chnh se bm tuan hoan
t cac be cha chnh ma khong khi ong mach bao ong.
Hong tiep nc cha chay:
Hong tiep nc c bo tr ben ngoai cao oc va c nh v
dung e bo sung nc vao he thong cha chay t cac xe
cha chay.
Hong tiep nc c bo tr nh trong ban ve thiet ke c xem
nh la mot phan cua ban mo ta nay.
Cac hong tiep nc phai c bo tr sao cho khong gay can
tr en lu lng giao thong bnh thng.
Voi cha chay cap nc vach tng :
Voi cha chay trong hop voi cha chay s dung loai at am
tng se c bo tr eu tai cac khu vc cua nha xng va
khu van phong.
Moi hop voi cha chay co mot cum voi dai 30m va mieng
voi cha chay mot au va mot khp noi e noi au
kia.
Voi cha chay la loai ng knh OD50mm.
He thong bm cha chay c kch hoat bi hoat ong cua
bat ky voi cha chay nao trong cong trnh.
Voi cha chay c xem la tr giup ban au cho nhan vien
cung cho oi cu hoa chuyen nghiep s dung.
Bnh cha chay cam tay :
Bnh cha chay cam tay se c bo tr tai nhng v tr xung yeu
trong tang ham cha xe, cac phong ky thuat va canh moi
hong phun cu hoa c treo tren tng.

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Nhng khu vc de chay nh phong may phat ien chay Diesel,

khu vc phong ky thuat, phong bo tr cac tu ien phai trang
b cac bnh cha chay loai treo tng. Cac tang ham bai au
xe c trang b cac bnh cha chay loai ln.
Bang ieu khien he thong cha chay :
Bang ieu khien cu hoa la bang ieu khien chnh yeu va
co nhiem vu nhan tn hieu au vao va gi cac tn hieu i va
en cua he thong Sprinkler, he thong ieu hoa khong kh va
thong thoang. Bang ieu khien cu hoa cung se co cac bo
phan x ly e dien dch cac tn hieu au vao va phan hoi
thch ng, o la khi ong cac may bm va gi i cac tn
hieu tng ng.
Bang ieu khien cu hoa c bo tr trong phong may bm
cap cho he thong cha chay t ong Sprinkler va cap nc
vach tng.
Bang ieu khien cu hoa se cung cap cac tn hieu theo doi
va bao ong en trung tam bao chay chnh.
2. Tieu chuan thiet ke:
Thiet ke, lap at he thong cha chay da theo cac tieu
chuan sau:

NFPA 10 tieu chuan ve cac bnh cha chay cua hiep hoi
phong chong chay My

NFPA 13 tieu chuan e lap at cho he thong cha chay t

ong cua hiep hoi phong chong chay My.

NFPA 14 tieu chuan lap at cho he thong cha chay loai

vach tng, cuon voi cua hiep hoi phong chong chay My.

TCVN 5760 1993: Yeu cau chung ve thiet ke lap at va s

dung he thong cha chay
TCVN 4513 1988: Cap nc ben trong -Tieu chuan thiet ke

TCVN 5739 - 1993: Thiet b cha chay - au noi

TCVN 5740 - 1993: Thiet b cha chay - Voi cha chay tong
hp trang cao su.
TCVN 2622 - 78 va TCVN 2622 - 1995: Phong chay, chong chay
cho nha va cong trnh - Yeu cau thiet ke

Theo TCVN 2622-1995 va tieu chuan cua hiep hoi phong

chong My, viec thiet ke he thong cha chay ap ng
nhng yeu cau sau:

am bao lu lng chat cha chay. Lu lng nay phu thuoc

vao loai chat chay, chat cha chay, dien tch va the tch can
cha chay.
He thong cha chay phai am bao u ap lc a chat cha
chay vao ni xay ra chay.
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Bo phan cung ng, d tr chat cha chay phai am bao

hoat ong thng xuyen va phai co lng d tr phu hp
vi tng loai he thong cha chay theo cac yeu cau cua cac
tieu chuan neu tren.
Bo phan phan bo chat cha chay, au phun va lang phun
phai am bao phu kn chat cha chay len be mat chat
chay, dien tch cha chay va t le phan tram can thiet khi
cha chay the tch.
Phai s dung au phun va lang phun phu hp vi he thong
cha chay.
Bo phan ong phai am bao hoat ong lien tuc. Khi cha
chay phai phat tn hieu bao ong.
Bo phan cung cap ien phai am bao cung cap ay u nang
lng cho he thong cha chay hoat ong. Phai co nguon cung
cap ien d phong e kp thi thay the khi nguon chnh b
ngat ien.
3. Nguyen ly hoat ong:

3.1.

Vai tro cua he thong cha chay

He thong cha chay cap nc vach tng va t ong

(Sprinkler) c lap at trong toa nha nham lam ha nhiet o
am chay bang nc, dan en dap tat am chay hoac
ngan chan khong cho am chay phat sinh va lan sang cac
khu vc khac.
Vi vai tro nay he thong cha chay cap nc vach tng
va t ong la mot trong cac he thong nham tang cng
them bien phap bao ve an toan tai san vat chat, ong
thi giup tranh c nhng thiet hai ve sinh mang va tai
san co the co do rui ro khi hoa hoan xay ra.

3.2.

Tnh toan the tch be cha nc cu hoa va chon bm

Tham khao ban tnh khoi lng nc cha chay.

3.3.

Nguyen ly hoat ong he thong cha chay vach tng va

Sprinkler:
He thong ng ong chnh luon c nen ap lc thng trc
la 5kg/cm2, khi co s co tuot ap (nguyen nhan do rui ro co
chay) xuong di han 4.5 kg/cm2 trong he thong ng ong.
Bm bu ap (Jockey) se t ong van hanh e bu ap lc a
mat. Neu s van hanh bu ap cua bm Jockey van khong u,
ap lc ng ong tiep tuc ha xuong 4kg/cm 2 khi o bm chnh
se t ong khi ong, neu trong qua trnh cha chay ma bm
chnh dng th bm d phong se t ong khi ong va thay
the cho bm chnh.
Ap lc tai cac voi cha chay va tai cac au Sprinkler c
duy tr ap suat 4kg/cm2. Gia s trong vung bao ve cua cac
au Sprinkler co xay ra am chay, nhiet o cua am chay
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

lam au Sprinkler nong len en nhiet o 68 oC th se t ong

no (ac biet nhng au phun lap trong phong may phat ien
se no khi nhiet o len en 78oC), nc c nen di ap lc
cao se phun ra lam ha nhiet am chay va dap tac am chay.
Tai moi nhanh ong cha chay t ong chnh moi tang eu
co gan van giam sat va cong tac dong chay, khi co dong
chay trong ong cong tac se tac ong va tn hieu bao se
c gi ve tu bao chay FACP thong bao chnh xac khu vc
ma he thong Sprinkler ang hoat ong cha chay. Cac van
giam sat am bao cho cac nhanh chnh luon c cap nc
san sang, trong bat ky ly do nao nhanh b khoa th se co tn
hieu bao ve tu FACP.
Tai nhng vung chay khong co au Spinkler bao ve, ngi
tham gia cha chay co the s dung cac voi cha chay c
at
trong
cac
hop
cha
chay.
Cung cap ien cho bm cha chay
Viec cap ien en bang ieu khien may bm cha chay se
c au noi trc tiep t tu ien phan phoi ha the chnh va
day cap ien la loai chong chay vi 2 nguon luon luon duy
tr va cung cap cho bm cha chay:
- T tram bien the.
- T may phat ien so 2
VII.

HE THONG TAO AP CHO HANH LANG THOAT HIEM

1. Gii thieu
Cong trnh c trang b he thong quat tao ap hanh lang thoat
hiem (truc 11-12 ). am bao cho ngi cac phong san xuat
co the thoat ra ngoai khi xay ra chay ma khong b ngop v
khoi. 04 quat tao ap hanh lang c lap tai hai au cua hanh
lang. Quat tao ap c s dung chu c nhiet o cao ( 400 0C /
2 gi ) va c ieu khien bang tay hoac t ong t trung
tam bao chay.
Khi co tn hieu bao chay t bat ky v tr nao cua cong trnh,
tu bao chay trung tam gi tn hieu en tu ien cua quat
thong qua thiet b truy xuat (OP), cac quat tao ap hanh lang se
c kch khi ong, cung cap gio ti vao khu vc hanh lang
va tao ap suat dng so vi ben ngoai khoang 50Pa. Nh vay
khu vc hanh lang se khong co khoi va la lan vao khi co
chay, tao loi thoat hiem an toan cho moi ngi.
Cac quat tao ap khi a c khi ong se tiep tuc hoat ong
cho en khi c tat bang tay tai hop ieu khien quat.
ii. Tieu chuan Thiet ke:

NFPA 92A-2000 nhng qui nh thc te cho he thong

khong che khoi cua hiep hoi phong chong chay My.
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

AS/NZ 1668.1:1998 khong che khoi va chay cho toa

nha nhieu khu vc rieng biet cua hiep hoi ky s chau Uc va
New Zeland.

ASHRAE 1995 chng 48: tieu chuan ve quan ly va

khong che khoi cua hiep hoi ky s ieu hoa khong kh va
thong thoang go.
VIII. HE THONG THONG GIO VA IEU HOA KHONG KH
1.

Gii thieu he thong:

He thong ieu hoa khong kh trung tam loai VRV cho khu vc van
phong quan ly
VRV la t viet tat t tieng Anh Variable Refrigerant Volume,
ngha la he thong HKK co lu lng moi chat co the thay
oi c thong qua ieu chnh tan so dong ien nh viec
ap dung cong nghe mi. Dan nong cua he thong nay gom
t 1 en 3 may nen tuy theo cong suat, trong o co 1 may
nen c ieu khien bien tang (inverter) theo nguyen ly : khi
thay oi tan so ien vao ong c may nen th toc o quay
cua ong c thay oi, do o thay oi lng tac nhan lanh qua
may nen, kha nang thay oi phu tai cua may nen inverter
rat rong do tan so ien co the thay oi trong pham vi t 52
en 210 Hz. Nh o nang suat lanh he thong co the ieu
chnh theo nhieu cap, ieu nay cho phep ieu khien rieng
biet hoat tuyen tnh moi dan. Moi dan nong co the ket
noi vi nhieu dan lanh khoang cach gia dan nong va dan
lanh co the ti 150m, chenh lech chieu cao co the ti 50m.
1.

Tieu chuan thiet ke:

NFPA 90A tieu chuan lap at he thong ieu hoa

khong kh va thong thoang go cua hiep hoi chong chay My.

NFPA 91: tieu chuan lap at he thong hut go thai

cac kh de chay.

AS 1682-1991 tieu chuan thong thoang gio c kh cua

hiep hoi ky s Uc.
Tnh toan thiet ke he thong thong go
Tham khao bang tnh cong suat lanh nh kem phu luc
Nguyen ly hoat ong
Mot cum may lanh loai VRV bao gom mot dan nong ket noi
vi nhieu may lam mat khong kh. Dan nong c giai nhiet
bang gio, cum may lanh co the thay oi cong suat lanh theo
tan so thay oi cua mot giup tiet kiem ien nang.
Cac may lam mat khong kh FCU c at tren tran, hoac
treo tng, cac khong gian can ieu hoa.
Thermostat gan khong gian phong theo moi v tr cua FCU co
kha nang cai at c nhiet o yeu cau va tiet kiem ien
nang. Tn hieu ieu khien nhiet o tai moi phong se ieu
khien cong suat lam viec cua cum dan nong. Toan bo khoi
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

nay co the lap trnh ieu khien chc nang hoat ong cua
dan lanh tng phong thong qua mot bo ieu khien trung tam.
Trong trng hp co bao chay bat ky v tr nao trong toa
nha, nguon ien cap cho tat ca cac VRV se b cat va chung
se ngng hoat ong.
Chung loai kh (tac nhan lanh) dung cho to may nen cua may
VRF he thong HKK trung tam se la loai R410A vi he so anh
hng moi trng va tang Ozone thap nhat.
Cac ong gen dan khong kh cua he thong HKK se c thiet
ke vi cac lp cach nhiet va bao on nham giam thieu ton
that nhiet va tranh ong sng.
Cac ong gio cap va hoi tai mieng thoi va hut cua FCU c
thiet ke cach am trong e giam o on.
He thong ieu hoa khong kh c lap trnh hoat ong
che o bnh thng. Khi co tn hieu bao chay nguon ien
cap cho he thong nay se b ngat, he thong ngng hoat
ong.
IX.
HE THONG CAP THOAT NC
1. Gii thieu he thong cap nc
H thng cp nc cho cong trnh la mng li cap nc ben
trong toa nha va mng li cap nc nay c ni vi mng
li cap nc ben ngoai ca a phng thong qua h thng
van chn va ng h nc.
Be cha nc
Be cha nc ket hp cha chay vi tong the tch
nc 261m3, trong o luon d tr mot lng nc sinh
hoat 45 m3, c at am trong cong trnh.
Be nc c uc be tong, gom co nap ay( main hole
cover) c lam bang gang, he thong ong ch xuyen
thanh be c lap san khi o be tong thanh be. Ong
xuyen thanh be c chon la thep khong g (Stainless
steel) gom co : ong nc vao, ong nc ra, ong xa ay,
ong xa tran, ong thong hi, ong bao lap bo khong che
mc nc (floatless flow switch).
He thong cap nc nc
Mang li cap nc lanh cho cong trnh nay c thiet ke
chung vi mang nc cha chay bao gm:
Cac ng ng chnh va ph c ni vi nhau thong qua cac
mi ni, van, ph tung(co, te, ni gim);
Hai bm cap nc nc cong suat 3.7kW hoat ong luan
phien cap nc cho sinh hoat, san xuat va am bao duy
tr ap suat nc trong he thong cha chay la 5bar.
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Cac h thng iu chnh ap lc (bnh gian n, cong tc ap sut,

van giam ap); cac h thng iu chnh lu lng nc (cong
tc mc nc, van phao) va h thng iu khin bm bng in.
2. Gii thieu he thong thoat nc ma
Phan nay bao gom cac mieng thu nc ma t mai, ong
thai nc ma trong san vn, cac ong gop thai nc
ma va noi ti he thai nc ma cua a phng.
3. Gii thieu he thong thoat nc thai
Nc thai t bon ra tay va thoat san c thu gom ve
mot tuyen ong chnh. Phan va nc thai t au tieu
c thu gom theo tuyen ong rieng. Tat ca nc thai cua
toan cong trnh c dan ve he thong ham t hoai at
am di cong trnh.
4. Cac qui nh va tieu chuan thiet ke
Cac tieu chuan, qui pham va ac tnh ky thuat ap dung trong
cong trnh bao gom:
TCVN 4513 : 1998 Tieu chuan cap nc ben trong
TCVN 4474 : 1987 Tieu chuan thoat nc ben trong
TCVN 6772 : 2000 Chat lng nc - nc thai sinh hoat gii han o
nhiem cho phep.
BS EN 1329-1:2000 He thong ong nha thoat nc thai
va nc mat at
(nhiet o thap va cao) ben
trong toa nha;
BS EN 1453-1 He thong ong nha co ong at am
tng ket cau thoat
nc thai va nc mat at
(nhiet o thap va cao) ben trong toa nha;
BS 1401 He thong ong nha cho ong thoat nc ve
sinh va nc thai thi cong ngam khong co ap lc;
BS 3506 Tieu chuan ky thuat s dung ong uPVC
trong cong nghiep;
BS 4346 Noi ong va phu kien s dung cho ong ap
suat uPVC
BS 5911: Part 2 Yeu cau ky thuat cua ho tham;
Cac tieu chuan AS co lien quan;
Cac quy nh khac cua chnh quyen.
5. Tnh toan thiet ke he thong cap nc
Tham khao : Bang tnh toan khoi lng nc sinh hoat nh
kem phu luc.
6. Tnh toan thiet ke ham t hoai
So ngi ma be phuc vu
: 840 ngi
Lng can trung bnh cua mot ngi thai ra trong
ngay : 0.5 lt/ngi.ng
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Thi gian gia 2 lan lay can

: 12 thang
o am can ti vao be
: 95%
o am cua can len men
: 90%
He so ke en viec giam the tch can khi len men
0.7
He so khi a len men gi lai khi hut can
: 20%
The tch be t hoai 1
: 24 m
Thiet ke be 3 ngan: 1 ngan cha, 1 ngan lang va 1
ngan loc.
The tch ngan cha
: 32 m
The tch ngan lang
: 16 m
The tch ngan loc
: 16 m
Ho ga
: 1 m
The tch be t hoai 1
: 24 m
Thiet ke be 2 ngan: 1 ngan cha va 1 ngan lang
The tch ngan cha
: 2 m
The tch ngan lang
: 2 m
Ho ga
: 0.5 m
7. Nguyen ly hoat ong cua he thong cap nc

Nc t mng li cp nc ben ngoai cua a phng c cp

n b cha nc tho ket hp cha chay at am di
cong trnh thong qua h thng van chn va ng h nc. B
nc tho nay co h thng iu chnh mc nc(van phao) va
a chng xoay. Nc t ay c hai bm cap nc (chay
luan phien) cap en cac thiet b dung nc cho sinh
hoat va san xuat qua mang li ng ong nc phan
phoi. Tren ng ong phan phoi co gan hai bnh gian
n vi the tch moi bnh la 2000l, hai bnh gian n co
nhiem vu duy tr ap suat on nh trong ng ong.
8. Nguyen ly hoat ong cua he thong thoat nc thai
Nc thai t lavatory va thoat san c thu gom ve mot
tuyen ong chnh. Phan va nc thai t au tieu c thu
gom theo tuyen ong rieng. Tat ca nc thai cua toan
cong trnh c dan ve cac be t hoai at am trong
cong trnh.
Ong uPVC va phu kien theo tieu chuan AS1260 va c
lap at sao cho tranh tia UV lam suy giam chat lng, cac
moi noi theo tieu chuan AS3879. Ong ng va ong
nhanh noi t cac thiet b ve sinh thoat nc thai phai
chu c ap lc cho phep toi thieu 6 bar, ong nhanh
chnh (ong nhanh uPVC gom t cac ong ng trong hoac
ngoai nha) trong he thoat nc thai phai at c ap
suat cho phep 6 bar.
Nc thai t cong trnh c dan ve be t hoai nham
x ly nhng thanh phan can, BOD, COD ton tai trong
nc. Tai ngan cha xay ra hien tng yem kh, cac vi vi
sinh vat se oxy hoa cac tap chat trong nc thanh nhng
chat co kha nang lang di hnh thc:
- Giai oan oxy hoa chat hu c
Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

Enzyme
CxHyOz

CO2 + H2O + OH

- Giai oan tong hp te bao

Enzyme
CxHyOz + NH3 + O2
+ H2O + OH

Te bao vi khuan + CO 2 + C5H7NO2

- Giai oan phan huy noi bao

Enzyme
C5H7NO2

5 CO2 + 2H2O + NH3 + OH

Nc thai t ngan cha t chay sang ngan lang, nhng

can co kha nang lang se c lang xuong nh qua
trnh lang trong lc. Sau lang nc thai t chay sang ngan
loc, nhng can khong co kha nang lang se c gi lai
trc khi xa thai vao nguon tiep nhan.
Thanh phan nc thai au vao:
- pH

: 6.1 8.0

- BOD5

: 250mg/l

- TDS

: 800 - 2000 mg/l

- SS

: 180 230mg/l

- H2S

: 3 mg/l

- Nitrat

: 35 40 mg/l

- Dau m
- PO43-

: 40100 g/l

: 10 - 15mg/l

Tong coliforms : 2400.103

Yeu cau nc au ra: Sau khi a x ly at mc III theo
TCVN 6772:2000
- pH

:59

- BOD5

: 40 mg/l

- COD

: 60 mg/l

- Chat ran l lng : 0.5 mg/l

- Chat ran hoa tan : 500 mg/l
- H2S

: 3.0 mg/l

- Nitrat

: 40 mg/l

- Dau m
- PO43-

: 20 mg/l

: 10 mg/l

- Tong coliforms : 5000 MPN/100ml

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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Nha May Bao B Thanh Phu He thong c ien

X.

PHU LUC CAC BAN TNH TOAN

BANG TNH PHU TAI IEN KHOI VAN PHONG
BANG TNH PHU TAI IEN KHU CONG CONG
BANG TNH PHU TAI IEN KHU CAN HO 1
BANG TNH PHU TAI IEN KHU CAN HO 2,3
BANG TNH TAI LANH
BANG TNH THONG GIO
BANG TNH HE THONG QUAT TAO AP CAU THANG
VA THANG MAY
BANG TNH KHOI LNG NC CHA CHAY
BANG TNH KHOI LNG NC SINH HOAT
BANG TNH BON GAS TRUNG TAM

Mars Corp - Thuyet minh PCCC

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