Brianna McDuffie Page |1

Brianna McDuffie Mrs. Hensel March 26, 2014 English IV

Research Paper Draf ! "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns "r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns ha%e &ec#'e a 'a(#r pr#&le' in he cri'inal (us ice s)s e'. In 201*, here +ere ,- #%er urne. +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns in he /ni e. 0 a es 1$#hen2. "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns can cause ps)ch#l#gical c#nse3uences, +hich can affec he li%es #f he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. an. heir fa'ilies 145&%i#us 6ns+ers72. In #r.er # figure #u +h) +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns #ccur, +e 'us firs fin. #u he causes, +ha cases are '#s c#''#nl) 8n#+n f#r +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns, .isc#%er h#+ i effec s he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. an. heir fa'ilies, e9plain +h) he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. sh#ul. recei%e c#'pensa i#n, an. fin. an #rgani:a i#n ha helps he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e.. "r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns can #ccur in se%eral +a)s, &u +h) he) #ccur is he 3ues i#n. ;he cause #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns is #ne +a) # e9plain +h) +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns #ccur. ;he causes #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns are e)e+i ness 'isi.en ifica i#n, false c#nfessi#n, (un8 science 1&a. f#rensic science2, g#%ern'en 'isc#n.uc , he inappr#pria e use #f inf#r'an s, an. &a. la+)ers 14$auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns72. ;he cause #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns sh#+ h#+ 'uch he cri'inal (us ice s)s e' nee.s # &e repaire. 14$auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns72. <e9 +ill &e he e9plana i#n #f each an. e%er) #ne #f he causes #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns an. h#+ he) a8e par in +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns.

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=irs , is e)e+i ness 'isi.en ifica i#n, +hich a8es a+a) a l# #f inn#cen pe#ple>s li%es .ue # incarcera i#n. E)e+i ness 'isi.en ifica i#n is #ne #f he single grea es causes #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns na i#n+i.e 14$auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns72. E)e+i ness 'isi.en ifica i#n a8es par in +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns &ecause, research sh#+s ha he hu'an 'in. is n# li8e a ape rec#r.er, +hich 'eans +e can> rec#r. e%en s e9ac l) as +e see he' #r recall he' li8e a ape ha has &een re+#un. 14$auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns72. 0#, (us li8e an) # her e%i.ence a a cri'e scene +i ness 'e'#r) 'us &e preser%e. carefull) an. re rie%e. 'e h#.icall), #r i can &e c#n a'ina e. 14$auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns72. 6ls# e)e+i ness 'isi.en ifica i#n can &e significan l) affec e. &) ps)ch#l#gical, s#cie al, cul ural, s)s e'ic fac #rs, an. p#lice line?ups, +hich sh#ul. n# &e c#n.uc e. # ensure fairness # suspec s 1Huff2. ;hese are s#'e reas#ns h#+ e)e+i ness 'isi.en ifica i#n a8es par in +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns. 0ec#n., are false c#nfessi#ns, +hich is a +a) ha he accuse. feels ha he) can finall) &e free #r ha%e peace an. s #p &eing in err#ga e.. =alse c#nfessi#ns are an# her grea cause #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns. ;his is cause in 'an) cases inn#cen .efen.an s 'a8e incri'ina ing s a e'en s, .eli%er #u righ c#nfessi#ns, #r plea. guil ) # s#'e hing he) .i.n> .# &ecause #f in err#ga i#n 14$auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns72. =alse c#nfessi#ns 'a.e &) an accuse. pers#n #f en are rela e. # sugges i%e in err#ga i#ns 1Huff2. 0#'e la+ enf#rce'en uni s use une hical &eha%i#r .uring in err#ga i#n +hich causes s#'e#ne # a.'i # s#'e hing he) .i.n> .#. ;heref#re, false c#nfessi#ns are a grea cause in he ra e #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#n 'ainl) .ue # in err#ga i#n. ;hir., is (un8 science +hich is als# 8n#+n as &a. f#rensic science. Man) f#rensic es ing 'e h#.s ha%e &een applie. +i h li le #r n# scien ific %ali.a i#n +hich 'a8es i

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unrelia&le 14$auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns72. "ha 'a8es f#rensic science such a pr#&le' +hen i c#'es # +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns is ha i is &eing 'ishan.le., 'isin erpre e. an. e%en in en i#nall) .is #r e. e%i.ence, helping # secure he c#n%ic i#ns #f inn#cen .efen.an s 1 Huff2. 6ls# f#rensic la&s +here e%i.ence in cri'inal cases is anal):e. sh#ul. &e accre.i e. in in.epen.en scien ific la&#ra #ries +i h heir #+n line i e' &u.ge s, an. heir anal)ses sh#ul. &e e3uall) a%aila&le # &# h he pr#secu i#n an. he .efense 1Huff2. =#rensic science a8es a &ig par in +r#ngful c#n%ic i#n &ecause he .efense reall) ne%er 8n#+s if he e%i.ence has &een a'pere. +i h. =#ur h, is g#%ern'en 'isc#n.uc +hich is +hen g#%ern'en #fficials a8e s eps # ensure ha a .efen.an is c#n%ic e. .espi e #f +ea8 e%i.ence #r e%en clear pr##f #f inn#cence 14$auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns72. @#%ern'en 'isc#n.uc inclu.es &# h p#lice an. pr#secu #rial 'isc#n.uc 1E9#nera e.2. @#%ern'en 'isc#n.uc inclu.es la+ enf#rce'en #fficials using f#rce. c#nfessi#ns, %i#lence #+ar. suspec s, an. 'anufac ure. e%i.ence 1E9#nera e.2. "hich ha%e all lea. # +r#ngful accusa i#ns an. c#n%ic i#ns. 6ls# g#%ern'en 'isc#n.uc 'a.e &) a pr#secu #r inclu.es suppressi#n #f e9culpa #r) e%i.ence, .es ruc i#n #f e%i.ence, use #f unrelia&le, an. un ru hful +i nesses an. sni ches an. he fa&rica i#n #f e%i.ence. ;he issue +i h g#%ern'en 'isc#n.uc +ill al+a)s a8e par in +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns an. +ill a8e par he cri'inal (us ice s)s e' ha%ing e%en '#re pr#&le's. ;he fif h cause #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns is he inappr#pria e use #f inf#r'an s. ;he inappr#pria e uses #f inf#r'an s are #f en s a e'en s 'a.e &) pe#ple +i h incen i%es # es if), +hich is he cen ral e%i.ence in c#n%ic ing an inn#cen pers#n. Man)

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inf#r'an s +h# ha%e &een use. repea e.l) &) p#lice, pr#secu #rs, an. c#rrec i#n #fficers are #f en +illing # shape heir s #ries # fi +ha e%er is nee. 1Huff2. ;he unrelia&le inf#r'an s ha%e #f en pla)e. 8e) r#les in c#n%ic ing 'an) .efen.an s, inclu.ing 'an) ha ha. capi al cases 1Huff2. ;he inappr#pria e use #f inf#r'an s ha%e &een use. in he cases in +i h he .efen.an +as c#n%ic e., an. .ue # his 'an) f#r's #f es i'#n) ha%e &een 3ues i#ne.. ;he las cause #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns is &a. la+)ers. Ba. la+)ers cause 'an) +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns. ;his is &ecause he) fail # in%es iga e, call +i nesses, #r prepare f#r rail, +hich causes he c#n%ic i#ns #f inn#cen pe#ple 14$auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns72. "r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns ha%e 'an) effec s #n he c#n%ic e. an. heir fa'ilies. 5ne #f h#se effec s is he rau'a ha +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns cause # he cause # he c#n%ic e.. ;he rau'a #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns has &een c#'pare. # he rau'a suffere. &) %e erans #f +ar, #r ure sur%i%#rs, an. e%en c#ncen ra i#n ca'ps sur%i%#rs 145&%i#us 6ns+ers72. 6ls# he e9perience #f &eing incarcera e. can ha%e l#ng?las ing effec s #n all in'a es, inclu.ing rela i#nship .ifficul ies, c#ncerns +i h ph)sical an. ps)ch#l#gical .e eri#ra i#n, he in.e er'ina e na ure #f sen ences, an. he pris#n en%ir#n'en i self 145&%i#us 6ns+ers72. 6ls# &eing +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. has cause. a pa ern #f .isa&ili ) s)'p #'s an. ps)ch#l#gical pr#&le's. ;his inclu.es en.uing pers#nali ) change f#ll#+ing ca as r#phic e9perience, p#s rau'a ic s ress .is#r.ers, an. 'a(#r pr#&le's #f ps)ch#l#gical an. s#cial a.(us 'en s, par icularl) +i hin fa'ilies 145&%i#us 6ns+ers72. 6 +r#ngful c#n%ic i#n als# affec s he fa'ilies #f he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e.. ;he) +a) +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns affec he fa'ilies is &ecause i 'a8es he fa'ilies #f he c#n%ic e.

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l##se pers#nal i'e +i h heir l#%e. #ne an. can cause he fa'il) a l# #f s ress an. pain. 6ls# +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns can reall) hur a fa'il) financiall). "h) sh#ul. he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. recei%e c#'pensa i#nB ;he reas#n he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. sh#ul. recei%e c#'pensa i#n is &ecause he) nee. financial supp#r f#r &asic necessi ies, inclu.ing su&sis ence fun.s, f##., an. ransp#r a i#n 14Inn#cence Pr#(ec 72. 6n# her reas#n he) sh#ul. recei%e c#'pensa i#n is # help secure aff#r.a&le h#using an. help assis +i h he .e%el#p'en #f +#r8f#rce s8ills 14Inn#cence Pr#(ec 72. "r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. pe#ple nee. c#'pensa i#n 'ainl) s# he) +#n> ha%e # .epen. #n heir fa'ilies af er he) are release.. "ha can &e .#ne # ensure ha he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. recei%e fair c#'pensa i#nB 5ne +a) # ensure fair c#'pensa i#n is &) guaran eeing c#'pensa i#n # he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. a s a e can a8e an i'p#r an s ep #+ar.s ensuring he in egri ) #f i s cri'inal (us ice s)s e' 14Inn#cence Pr#(ec 72. 6ls# &) 'a8ing s a es ha .# n# ha%e c#'pensa i#n s a ues pass he' an. s a es ha ha%e c#'pensa i#n s a ues ree9a'ine he' # ensure he) 'a8e c#'pensa i#n e3uall) a aina&le an. a.e3ua e f#r he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. 14Inn#cence Pr#(ec 72. "r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns #ccur in 'an) .ifferen cases ha are c#''#nl) 8n#+n f#r c#n%ic i#n #f an inn#cen pers#n. ;he #p +# cases ha are c#''#nl) 8n#+n f#r +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns are se9ual assaul an. h#'ici.e. 0e9ual assaul is he 'ain case +here +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns #ccur .ue # 'is a8en +i ness i.en ifica i#n an. false #r 'islea.ing f#rensic e%i.ence 14<e+ Da a72. H#'ici.e is als# #ne #f he 'ain cases +here +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns #ccur, .ue # per(ur) #r false accusa i#n an. #fficial 'isc#n.uc . ;he &# #' +# cases ha are c#''#nl) 8n#+n f#r +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns is

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r#&&er) an. chil. se9 a&use 14<e+ Da a72. R#&&er) is #ne #f he &# #' +# cases +here +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns #ccur &ecause #f 'is a8en +i ness i.en ifica i#n 14<e+ Da a72. $hil. se9 a&use is als# #ne #f he &# #' +# cases +here +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns #ccur. ;his is .ue # he per(ur) #f false accusa i#ns, #fficial 'isc#n.uc , an. false #r 'islea.ing f#rensic e%i.ence 14<e+ Da a72. ;hese cases are he '#s c#''#nl) 8n#+n f#r +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns. 5rgani:a i#ns ha help he +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. are har. # fin., &u here is #ne #rgani:a i#n ha has &een +illing # help since 1CC2. ;his #rgani:a i#n is he Inn#cence Pr#(ec . ;he inn#cence pr#(ec is a n#n?pr#fi legal clinic affilia e. +i h he Ben(a'in <. $ar.#:# 0ch##l #f Da+ a Eeshi%a /ni%ersi ) an. +as crea e. &) Barr) $. 0chec8 an. Pe er F. <uefel. in 1CC2146&#u he Inn#cence Pr#(ec 72. 4;he pr#(ec is a na i#nal li iga i#n an. pu&lic p#lic) #rgani:a i#n .e.ica e. # e9#nera ing +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. pe#ple hr#ugh D<6 es ing an. ref#r'ing he cri'inal (us ice s)s e' # pre%en fu ure in(us ice7 146&#u he Inn#cence Pr#(ec 72. 6ls# he inn#cen pr#(ec is here # help in'a es +i h assis ance # pr#%e heir inn#cence +ea her #r n# he case in%#l%es &i#l#gical e%i.ence 146&#u he Inn#cence Pr#(ec 72. 5%er he )ears +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns ha%e &ec#'e a 'a(#r pr#&le' in he cri'inal (us ice s)s e' f#r 'an) reas#ns. Gn#+ing +ha )#u can .# if )#u ha%e &een +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. is %er) i'p#r an . 0#'e inf#r'a i#n )#u sh#ul. 8n#+ if )#u ha%e &een +r#ngfull) c#n%ic e. are he #rgani:a i#ns ha help he c#n%ic e. an. ha )#u can recei%e c#'pensa i#n f#r &eing incarcera e.. 0#'e hings ha )#u can .# if )#u ha%e &een c#n%ic e. are learn he causes #f +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns, an. s#'e #f he fa'#us cases ha are '#s c#''#nl) 8n#+n. H#pefull) 8n#+ing hese hings +ill change he

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+a) he cri'inal (us ice s)s e' +#r8s an. help #%er urn 'an) +r#ngful c#n%ic i#ns in he fu ure.

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"#r8s $i e. 46&#u he Inn#cence Pr#(ec .7 ;he Inn#cence Pr#(ec . <.p., n... "e&. 1, =e&. 2014. 4$auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns.7 $auses #f "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns. <.p., n... "e&. 06 Mar. 2014. $#hen, 6n.re+. H"h) 0#'e 0 a es 0 ill =igh he E9#nera i#n #f he Inn#cen .H The Atlantic. 6 lan ic Me.ia $#'pan), 06 =e&. 2014. "e&. 0, 6pr. 2014. Huff. $. R#nal.. 4"r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns! ;he 6'erican E9perience.7 $ana.ian F#urnal #f $ri'in#l#g) I $ri'inal Fus ice 46.2 120042! 10-?120. 6ca.e'ic 0earch Pre'ier. "e&. 1, =e&. 2014. 4<e+ Da a =r#' he <a i#nal Regis r) #f E9#nera i#ns.7 "r#ngful $#n%ic i#ns Bl#g. <.p., n... "e&. 06 Mar. 2014. 45&%i#us 6ns+ersJ. 0#'e i'es Hi.e in /npleasan 0i ua i#n.7 5&%i#us 6ns+ers R00 20. <.p., 06 Mar. 2014. "e&. 06 Mar. 2014. 4;he Inn#cence Pr#(ec ? $#'pensa ing ;he "r#ngl) $#n%ic e..7 ;he Inn#cence Pr#(ec ?$#'pensa ing ;he "r#ngl) $#n%ic e.. <.p., n... "e&. 06 Mar. 2014. 41,*00 EK5<ER6;ED 0I<$E 1CC,.7 Inn#cence Pr#(ec #f Minnes# a. <.p., n... "e&. 02 6pr. 2014.